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REAL TIME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING

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 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
REAL TIME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING
1
DEWIANI, 2ELYASPALANTEI, 3IKA PUSPITA

,2,3Electrical Engineering Department Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, INDONESIA

E-mail: 1dewiani@unhas.ac.id, 2elyas.palantei@gmail.com, 3ikapuspita_elektro@yahoo.com

Abstract- This research aims to design an interface that connects the blood sugar measuring instrument with the mobile
phone as well as designing database systems and visual display for monitoring blood sugar levels in a patient's body.
Monitoring system that integrates glucometer, arduino, Bluetooth, and mobile phones, are used to transmit data from the
blood sugar measurement. Beside the position of patient there is glucometer along with android based mobile phone that will
be used to transmit the measured data to a web server that can be accessed by doctors to monitor the progress of patients'
health. Based on observations, we obtained error value of 23.33% for observation within 60 seconds, an error of 32% for
observation within 90 seconds, and the error of 31.11% for observation within 120 seconds.

Keywords- Glucometer, Diabetes, Bluetooth, Handphone.

I. INTRODUCTION quality of life. The performance of plasma sprayed

based YSZ TBCs systems on aluminium alloys is a
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) very important in the automotive industry. In the
based wireless has really become a necessity in many keeping view of application of aluminum alloys in the
aspects of life. With ICT, the information can be automotive industry, the durability of 2024 AA with
presented in real time, quickly and very easily TBCs systems was studied for high temperature
accessible by involved parties. In the field of health, applications. This article investigate the thermal
ICT is indispensable for monitoring the health fatigue behaviour of plasma sprayed based YSZ
condition of patient, especially associated with TBCs systems for 2024 aluminium alloy (AA).
diabetes [1]. Diabetes, for instance, is a metabolic
disease that can affect almost every organ system in II. TEORITICAL BASIS
the body. It is estimated that the number of patients
with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is about 17 Glucose is a simple carbohydrate compound group or
million people or 8.6 percent of the population and monosaccharides. In nature, the glucose contained in
ranks the 4th largest after India, China, and the fruits and honey bees. Glucose serves as a source of
United States (US). Diabetes can be detected early by energy for brain cells, nerve cells and red blood cells.
performing blood tests regularly [2]. Therehave been Normal human blood containing glucose amounts or
several studies reported in the area of health concentrations that remain, which is between 70-100
monitoring system, including a study conducted by mg per 100 ml of blood. This blood glucose increased
Shyr-Kuen Chen and his colleagues in 2012 on the after you eat carbohydrates, but after approximately 2
system protocol based on ZigBee for data hours after a meal, the amount of blood will return to
transmission in patients, where the monitoring system normal. Peoplewho suffer from diabetes mellitus, the
used multiple types of wireless networks, like amount of blood glucose greater than 130 mg/100 ml
WiMAX and internet [3]. A recent study reported by of blood.[6] In order to function optimally, the body
B.G.Sudharshan, et al. (2014) is also related to a should be able to maintain the concentration of blood
comparative analysis of transmission method using sugar (in the form of glucose) within certain limits,
GSM, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and WiFi. Much literature i.e. 70-120 mg/ml in a fasting state (a state where a
shows that the use of Bluetooth transmission medium person has a food dietry consumption, i.e absence of
is cheaper and simpler than other media. Further food for at least 8 hours). When blood sugar rises
research study conducted by Mala Lavanya and Mr. above 170 mg/100ml, sugar is excreted into urine.
Ashok Shigli (2014) related to GSM and HTTP Conversely if the blood sugar level dropsto 40-50
transmission protocol for monitoring blood sugar, mg/ml, we would feel nervous, dizzy, weak and
body temperature and heart rate using Zigbee. With hungry. Very high blood sugar levelis called
so many body conditions that was monitored, the hyperglycemia and when it is too low, it iscalled
more components/tools is used [4], [5]. In this paper, hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia in the long term can
We designed a simplified monitoring system by cause prolonged health problemsand also associated
using only the Internet and Bluetooth connectionsas with diabetes, including damage to the eyes, kidneys,
media of transmission. An efficient monitoring and nerves. The blood sugar level in the body is
system is also obtained by focusing the measurement regulated by the pancreas by producing the insulin
only on the blood sugar level, so the price of the hormone which is involved in the regulation of blood.
equipment is cheaper. Through blood sugar Insulin is responsible for controlling the blood sugar
monitoring system is expected to help monitoring the levels and also to process carbohydrates, fats and
patient's condition and can improve the patient's proteins into energy for the human body. Diabetes
Real Time Blood Sugar Monitoring

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 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
occurs when the body does not produce enough In glucometer, there is a blood strip containing the
insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels or when blood sample as well serving as a sensor detecting
cells do not respond appropriately to insulin [7]. blood sugar. This sensor is equipped with glucose
reagent. When blood is dripped or glucometer test
strips attached to it, it will generate a potential
difference or voltage caused by the reaction between
blood glucose reagent on the transducer.[8] The
resulting voltage ranges from 0-5 volts. The voltage
in the form of electrical or analog quantity is entered
into the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and then
converted into a signal of 8 bits. ADC output signal
will go to the microcontroller for processing the data.
The results of data processing are then fed to the LCD
by the microcontroller to display the results. Keypad
on the glucometer is a key instruction for the
Fig. 1. Monitoring Blood SugarSystem Configuration microcontroller.[2] On the LCD there are 7 ports
(Seg1-Seg7) as a seven segment display and a 4 port
III. DESIGN MONITORING BLOOD SUGAR signal Com (COM1-COM4). Output from the ports
SYSTEM on this LCD glucometer in form of analog signals are
subsequently connected to arduino. The whole seven
The glucometer will be used in the subject (patient) to segment port together with Com signal port are
measure blood sugar levels. The readings in the form connected to the analog arduino input, starting from
of blood sugar levels (mg/dl) will then be sent to a analog input 0 to 10 (A0-A10). While the positive
receiving device contained on the medical side side of the battery on a glucometer port connected to
through the network telemedis. In general, schematic Vcc of 3.3 volts and the negative side of the battery is
diagram of a blood glucose monitoring system will be connected to GND port on arduino as a power supply.
designed is shown in Figure 1. In particular, the data In general, diagram LCD glucometer port that
transmission system used in this study are shown in connected to the port arduino, are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 2. The transmission system using the tool:
glucometer dr. test meter, arduino mega 2560, HC-05
bluetooth and mobile phone Samsung Galaxy Tab 2
GT-P3100.

Fig.2. Blood Sugar Data Transmission Systems

Fig. 4. Glucometer, Arduino and Bluetooth Port Diagram
The working principle of a glucometer can generally Design
be described in Figure 3.
For connection to the port of arduino bluetooth, 5
volts Vcc arduino connected to Vcc to the GND
arduino bluetooth while connected to GND on
bluetooth. Similarly, arduino TX1 port is connected
to the RX port on bluetooth, while the RX1 arduino
port is connected to the TX port on bluetooth as the
connection for sending and receiving data of blood
sugar. The design stages of the monitoring system is
described in Figure 5 below
Fig. 3. Glucometer Diagram Block [8]

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 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in

Fig. 7. Results of the observation wtihin 90 seconds

Fig. 5. Stages of Blood Sugar Monitoring System Design

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Once the design is complete, we perform tests on the

system of data transmission in blood sugar by
making observations on the transmission of such data
for 60 and 120 seconds, with the blood sugar values
were read on the glucometer is 86 and we obtained
the measurement results of blood sugar in the mobile
phone screen as shown in Figure 6, 7 and 8 below.

Fig. 8. Results of the observation wtihin120 seconds

From the observations above, it can be seen that the

instability of blood sugar measurement is obtained
through phone connection. Thus we can calculate
error value (E) on average after three attempts for
each time the above observation, by comparing the
total error value with total measurements obtained,
and then multiplied by 100%. From that formula we
obtained error value from observations as shown in
Fig. 6. Results of the observation within 60 seconds
table 1.
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 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
Table 1. Error Value From Observations The doctor inserts
username and password in order to
access the login page. When the doctors choose icon
"PATIENT", then the names of some patients with
diabetes will appear, and then doctors can choose
which patients that they want to know his/her
development of the blood sugar condition. By
selecting the name of the patient, the screen then will
show a graph of measurement results of the patient's
blood in one patient as shown in Figure 11.
Due to the instability of glucometer delivery to the
mobile phone, the program is installed in the
mobile phone side. Hence, the mobile phone
functions as a direct transmitter to the server.
Measurement Blood Sugar Value Result Display on
the phone are shown in Figure 9. Through the
program interface,, the real value received by the
phone can be stopped and thensent to the server.

Fig. 11. Display of the Patient Data Chart

The picture above shows patient data in the form of:

full name, email, place and date of birth, sex and
address. Through the chart, the doctor can see the
condition of the patient's blood sugar wheter it is
increase or decrease in blood sugar levels. The Y-axis
is the blood sugar data chart, while on the X axis the
chart is a blood sugar data admission time. In addition
to the chart mode, there is also a table mode in
measuring a patient's blood sugar as shown in Figure
12.

Fig. 9. Measurement Blood Sugar Result Display on Android

Program at Mobile Phone

Data sent to the server is accessible to the doctoe. Fig. 12. Patient Data Table
Hence, the doctor can observe the patient's condition.
Login display for the doctor seen in Figure 10. Similar to the chart display, the display data from a
patient's blood sugar measurements in the form of
this table provide more detailed information related to
the value of accurate blood glucose measurement
results, with date and time of the measurement of
blood sugar. With the information in the form of
charts and tables, the doctor can analyze the patient's
condition, so that they can do a subsequent medical
action if necessary.

CONCLUSIONS

It can be concluded that the error values for blood

Fig. 10. Doctor's Login Display measurement results was erratic.This situation occurs

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 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
due to the frequency of glucometer ADC at up to 200 Data Medis Pada Jaringan Telemedis Interaktif), Electrical
Engineering Study Program, Informatics Engineering sub-
KHz while the processor frequency is 125 kHz,
Study Program, Engineering Faculty Universitas Hasanuddin.
which does not meet the criterion of Nyquist theory. Makassar, 2014.
To overcome this problem, the program that can [2] Rizha Tamridho, “Construction of Blood Sugar Tester
received real value and then be stored and sent to the Instrumentation System” (Rancangbangun Alat Pengukur
server was made on android phone. Kadar Gula Darah), Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 2010.
[3] Shyr-Kuen Chen, Tsair Kao, Chia-Tai Chan, Chih-Ning
Huang, Chih-Yen Chiang, Chin-Yu Lai, Tse-Hua Tung, and
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Pi-Chung Wang. A Reliable Transmission Protocol for
ZigBee-Based Wireless Patient Monitoring. IEEE
transactions on information technology in biomedicine, vol.
This work was part of the Hasanuddin University
16, no. 1, January 2012.
PUPT Research and Development (R&D) Project [4] B.G.Sudharshan, S.C Prasanna Kumar, Shashiraj Yadav R V.
funded from DGHE (Directorate General of Higher A Review of Various Technologies And Transmission Modes
Education), Ministry of Research, Technology and For Design And Development of A Transmission Enabled
Glucometer. International Journal of Research in Engineering
Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia. The R&D
and Technology. Volume: 03 Issue: 06, June-2014.
grant itself was granted for the financial year 2016. [5] Mala Lavanya, and Ashok Shigli. Reliable Transmission
The authors would like to deliver the sincere thanks Protocal for Gsm And Http Based on Wireless Patient
to all parties who involved and supported the Monitoring. International Journal of Advance Engineering
implementation of the research project. The research and Research Development,Volume 1, Issue 12, December –
2014.
works were also the research collaboration between [6] Poedjiadi, Anna, “Fundamental of Biochemistry” (Dasar-
the Electrical Engineering Department and the Dasar Biokimia), Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press, 1994.
Medical Science Faculty, Hasanuddin University [7] Amatsier, Yunita. “Fundamental of Nutrition Science”
(Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi). Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama,
(UNHAS) Makassar Indonesia
2013.
[8] Ponco Indrianto, “Measurement Tool for Glucose Quantity
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