CRIMINAL LAW 1

Syllabus (Art 1-15)

⮚ Criminal Law, definition.

⮚ Limitations on the power of congress to enact penal laws.

● Ex post facto law & Bill of attainder

Cases: 1. In Re: Kay Villegas Kami, Inc., G.R. No. L-32485

2. Wright vs. CA, G.R. No. 113213, August 15, 1994

3. People vs. Ferrer, G.R. No. L-32613-14, December 27, 1972

● Due process

Case: Marquez vs. Sandiganbayan, 641 SCRA 175, January 31, 2011

⮚ Characteristics of criminal law?

a. Generality of criminal law.

Cases: 1. People vs. Galacgac, 54 O.G. 1027

 2. Shauf vs. CA, G.R. No. 90314, November 27, 1990
3. Schneckenburger vs. Moran, G.R. No. L-44896, July 31, 1936
4. Minucher vs. CA, G.R. No. 142396

b. Territoriality

Cases: 1. U.S. vs. Fowler, G.R. No. L-496, December 31, 1902

2. U.S. vs. Ah Sing, G.R. No. L-13005, October 10, 1917

c. Prospectivity

Cases: 1. Co vs. CA, G.R. No. 100776, October 28, 1993

2. Tavera vs. Valdez, G.R. No. 922, November 8, 1902

⮚ Effect of the repeal of penal law to the liability of an offender

⮚ Basic Maxims in Criminal Law
⮚ Mala in se (malum in se) and Mala prohibita (malum prohibitum)

Cases: 1. Dela Torre vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 121592, July 5, 1996

2. Loney vs. People, G.R. No. 152644, February 10, 2006

3. People vs. Martinada, G.R. Nos. L-66401-03, February 13,
1991
4. Dungo, et al. vs. People, G.R. 209464, July 1, 2015
5. Ysidoro vs. People, G.R. No. 192330, November 14, 2012
6. Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, November 19,
2001
ARTICLE 2:

⮚ Scope of application of the provisions of the RPC

Case: U.S. vs. Fowler, G.R. No. L-496, December 31, 1902

ARTICLE 3:

⮚ Felonies (delitos)
⮚ Deceit (Dolo) and fault (Culpa), elements/requisites
⮚ Mistake of fact

Cases: 1. U.S. vs. Ah Chong, 15 Phil. 448

2. People vs. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257

3. U.S. vs. Catolico, G.R. No. 6486, March 2, 1911

4. Recuerdo vs. People, G.R. No. 168217, June 27, 2006
5. People vs. Delos Santos, G.R. No. 135919, May 9, 2003

ARTICLE 4:

⮚ Proximate cause

Cases: 1. Vda. De Bataclan, et al. vs. Medina

 2. Vallacar Transit, Inc. vs. Catubig, G.R. No. 175512, May 30,
2011
3. US vs. Valdez, G.R. No. L-16486, March 22, 1921
4. Urbano vs. IAC, G.R. No. 72964 January 7, 1988

⮚ Three (3) situations contemplated under Paragraph 1 of Article 4?

1. Error in personae (mistake in the identity)

2. Aberratio ictus (mistake in the blow)
3. Praeter intentionem (injurious result is greater than that intended)

⮚ The “Impossible Crime”

Cases: 1. Intod vs. CA, G.R. No. 103119, October 21, 1992

2. Jacinto vs. People, G.R. No. 162540, July 13, 2009

ARTICLE 5:

Cases: 1. People vs. Acbangin, G.R. No. 117216, August 9, 2000

2. People vs. Limaco, 88 Phil. 35

3. Corpuz vs. People, G.R. No. 180016, April 29, 2014

ARTICLE 6:

⮚ Stages of Execution
 Cases:

1. People vs. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, April 3, 1990 (184 SCRA
105)
2. People vs. Orilla, G.R. Nos. 148939-40, February 13, 2004
3. People vs. Eriña, G.R. No. 26298, January 20, 1927
4. Valenzuela vs. People, G.R. No. G. R. No. 160188, June 21,
2007
5. U.S. vs. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754
6. U.S. vs. Dominguez, 41 Phil. 408
7. People vs. Diño, C.A., 45 O.G. 3446
8. People vs. Espiritu, et al., CA- G.R. No. 2107-R, May 31, 1949
9. People vs. Lizada, G.R. Nos. 143468-72, January 24, 2008
10. People vs. Lamahang, G.R. No. L-43530, August 3, 1935
11. People vs. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433, People vs. March 30,
2000
12. People vs. Listerio, G.R. No. 122099, July 5, 2000
13. People vs. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, April 3, 1990

ARTICLE 7:

⮚ Light Felonies

ARTICLE 8:

⮚ Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony

Cases:

1. People vs. Valdez, G.R. No. L-75390, March 25, 1988

2. People vs. Patano, G.R. No. 129306, March 14, 2003
3. People vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 158754, August 10, 2007
4. People vs. Liad, G.R. No. 133815-17, March 22, 2001
5. People vs. Pinto, 204 SCRA 9.
6. People vs. Comadre, G.R. No. 153559, June 8, 2004
 7. People vs. Talaogan, G.R. No. 178198, December 10, 2008
8. Siton vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 94065, December 2, 1991
9. People vs. Escobal, G.R. No. 206292, October 11, 2017

⮚ Implied conspiracy

Case: People vs. Pangilinan, G.R. Nos. 134823-25, January 14, 2003

ARTICLE 9:

⮚ Classification of felonies according to their gravity

ARTICLE 10:

⮚ Suppletory application of the Revised Penal code

Cases:

1. Ladonga vs. People, G.R. No. 141066, February 17, 2005

2. People vs. Simon, 234 SCRA 555
3. People vs. Martinada, G.R. Nos. L-66401-03, February 13, 1991
4. People vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-13981, April 25, 1960
5. People vs. Macatanda, G.R. No. L-51368, November 6, 1981

ARTICLE 11:

⮚ Justifying circumstances
⮚ Relate with R.A. 9262, Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act- The Defense of
Battered Woman Syndrome

Cases:
 1. People vs. Genosa, G. R. No. 135981, January 15, 2004
2. Sabang vs. People, G. R. No. 168818, March 9, 2007
3. People vs. Campos, G. R. No. 176061, July 4, 2011
4. Manaban vs. Ca, G. R. No. 150723, July 11, 2006
5. People v. Decena, G. R. No. 107874, August 4, 1994
6. Mamangun vs. People G.R. No. 149152, February 2, 2007
7. Senoja vs. People, G. R. No. 160341, October 19, 2004
8. Medina, Jr. vs. People, G. R. No. 161308, January 15, 2014
9. Vasquez vs. People. G. R. No. 195021, March 15, 2017

10. People vs. Fotanilla, G. R. No. 177743, January 25, 2012

11. Palaganas vs. People G. R. No. 165483, September 12, 2006
12. People vs. Dagani, G. R. No. 153875, August 16, 2006
13. People vs. Sevilano, G. R. No. 200300, February 9, 2015
14. People vs. Beronilla, G. R. No. L-4445, February 28, 1955
15. People vs. Olarbe, G. R. No. 227421, July 23, 2018
16. Dela Cruz vs. People, G. R. No. 189405, November 19, 2014
17. People vs. Delima, G. R. No. L-18660, December 22, 1922
18. Tabuena vs. Sandiganbayan, G. R. No. 103501-03, February17,
1997

ARTICLE 12:

⮚ Exempting circumstances
⮚ Relate with R.A. 9344, as amended – The Juvenile Justice &Welfare Act

Cases:

1. People vs. Malicdem, G. R. No. 184601, November 12, 2012

2. People vs. Puno, G. R. No. L-33211, June 29, 1981
3. People vs. Opuran, G. R. Nos. 157674-75, March 17, 2004
4. Verdadero vs. People, G. R. No. 216021, March 2, 2016
5. People vs. Haloc, G. R. No. 227312, September 5, 2018
6. People vs. Castillo, G. R. No. 172695, June 29, 2007
7. People vs. Isla, G. R. No. 199875, November 21, 2012
8. People vs. Domingo, G. R. No. 184343, March 2, 2009
9. People vs. Buado, Jr., G. R. No. 170634, January 8, 2013

10. People vs. Ventura, Sr., G. R. No. 205230, March 12, 2014
 11. People vs. Jumawan, G. R. No. 187495, April 21, 2014
12. People vs. Marzan, G. R. No. 207397, September 24, 20018
13. People vs. Sarcia, G. R. No. 169641, September 10, 2009
14. People vs. Mantalaba, G. R. No. 186227, July 10, 2011
15. People vs. Castillo, G. R. No. 172695, June 29, 2007
16. Us vs. Tanedo, G. R. L-5418, February 12, 1910
17. People vs. Delrosario, G. R. No. 127755, April 14, 1999
18. People vs. Bandian, G. R. No. 45186, September 30, 1936
19. People vs. Gunda, G. R. No. 195525, February 5, 2014

ARTICLE 13:

⮚ Mitigating Circumstances

Cases:

1. Bongalon vs. People, G. R. No. 169533, March 20, 2013

2. People vs. Ignas, 412 SCRA 311, September 30, 2003
3. People vs. Jaurigue, G. R. No. 384, February 21, 1946
4. People vs. Ulep, G. R. No. 132547, September 20, 2000
5. Guillermo vs. People, G. R. No. 153287, January 20, 2009
6. Nizurtado vs. Sandiganbayan, G. R. No. 107383, December 7,
1994
7. People vs. Gelaver, G. R. No. 95357, June 9, 1933
8. Bacbac vs. People, G. R. No. 149372, September 11, 2007
9. People vs. Amaguin, G. R. Nos. 5344-45, January 10, 1994

10. Canta vs. People, G. R. No. 140937, February 28, 2001

11. Andrada vs. People, G. R. No. 135222, March 4, 2005
12. Manaban vs. Ca, G. R. No. 150723, July 11, 2006
13. Mariano vs. People, G. R. No. 178145, July 7, 2014
14. Canta vs. People, G. R. No. 140937, February 28,2001

ARTICLE 14:

⮚ Aggravating Circumstances
 Cases:

1. People vs. Gapasin, G.R. No. 73489, April 25, 1994

2. People vs. Tiongson, G.R. No. L-35123-24, July 25, 1984
3. People vs. Nelmida, G.R. No. 184500, September 11, 2012
4. People vs. Duavis, G.R. No. 190861, December 7, 2011
5. People vs. Agacer, G.R. No. 177751, December 4, 2011
6. People vs. Tomas, Sr., G.R. No. 192251, February 16, 1994
7. People vs. Punzalan, G.R. No. 199892, December 10, 2012
8. People vs. Suelto, G.R. No. 126097, February 8, 2000
9. People vs. Tac-an, G.R. Nos. 76338-39, February 26, 1990

10. People vs. Arizobal, G.R. No. 135051-52, December 14, 2000
11. People vs. Mores, G.R. No. 189846, June 26, 2013
12. People vs. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, January 21, 1974
13. People vs. Gayon, G.R. No. 230221, April 10, 2019
14. People vs. Bibat, G.R. No. 124319, May 13, 1998
15. People vs. Sangalang, G.R. No. L-32914, August 30, 1974
16. Celino vs. CA, G.R. No. 170562, June 29, 2007
17. People vs. Evasco, G.R. No. 213415, September 26, 2018
18. People vs. Damaso, G.R. No. L-30116, November 20, 1978
19. People vs. Sultan, G.R. No. 132470, April 27, 2000

ARTICLE 15:

⮚ Alternative Circumstances

Cases:

1. People vs. Laberte, G. R. No. 182918, June 6, 2011

2. People vs. Rebucan, G. R. No. 182551, July 27, 2011
3. People vs. Fernandez, G. R. No. 176060, October 5, 2007
4. US vs. MacMann, G. R. No. L-2229, July 1, 1905
5. People vs. Malicdem, G. R. No. 184601, November 12, 2012
6. People vs. Atop, G. R. No. 124303-05, February 10, 1998
7. People vs. Malicdem, G. R. No. 184601, November 12, 2012
8. People vs. San Pedro, G. R. No. L-44274, January 22, 1980