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låtLo kq (Paper II): Technical Subject
Section A – 30 Marks
1. UNIT PROCESS 10%
1.1 Introduction and importance of Nitration, Amination by reduction, Halogenation,
Sulphonation and sulphation, Amination by ammonoplysis
1.2 Oxidation: Definition and Types, Oxidizing agents, Liquid phase oxidation with
oxidizing agents and oxygen. Oxidation of toluene with MnO2. Mfg.
(Manufacturing) of Acetaldehyde from Acetic acid and mfg. of Acetic acid from
Ethanol. Vapor phase oxidation of Methanol, Benzene and Naphthalene, Apparatus
and its M/s. (Machine) for oxidation reactions
1.3 Hydrogenation : Definition and its scope, properties of hydrogen and sources of
hydrogen, gas catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, factors affecting it,
Apparatus and M/c. (Machine), Industrial hydrogenation of fat & oil, Mfg. of
Methanol from CO2 & H2
1.4 Hydrolysis : Definition and types of hydrolysis, Hydrolyzing agents, equipment’s
of hydrolysis, Industrial Hydrolysis of fat, hydrolysis of carbohydrates, starch to
dextrose, Mfg. of ethanol from ethylene (shell process) Mfg. of phenol from
benzene sulfonic
1.5 Polymerization: Introduction & chemistry of polymerization reactions,
classifications of polymers methods of polymerization

2. HEAT TRANSFER 10%

2.1 Modes of Heat Transfer: Fourier conduction equation, General conduction equation
in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates
2.2 Heat Transfer by convection: Fluids with and without phase change, Free & force
convention, laminar & turbulent flows heat transfer inside and outside tubes,
concepts of thermal boundary layers, over all heat transfer co-efficient, LMTD,
fouling factors, transfer units, flow over flat plats with heat transfer, empirical
relation
2.3 Boiling phenomena: Regimes of boiling etc.
2.4 Heat Transfer Coefficient models, including boiling and condensation
2.5 Heat Exchangers
2.6 Radiation Heat Transfer

3. MASS TRANSFER 10%

3.1 Mass Transfer (M. T.) Co-efficient: in laminar, turbulent flows, theories of M. T.,
Heat, momentum and mass transfer, analogous
3.2 Introduction to diffusion in solids: Fick’s law
3.3 Distillation: VLE data, Flash and simple distillation, continuous, McCabe-Thiele
and Panchin-Savarit method
3.4 Absorption: Equilibrium, material balance for single component transfer, multi-
stage & packed tower operation
3.5 Liquid Extraction: Stage wise, Stage type contractor etc.
3.6 Drying Mechanism: Batch drying/ continuous (cont.) Drying
3.7 Crystallization: Equilibrium, Operations, and equipment’s

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Section B – 20 Marks
4. CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATION 10%
4.1 Equilibrium relations
4.2 Rate laws
4.3 Behavior of ideal gases and gaseous mixtures
4.4 Vapor pressure;
4.5 Humidity and saturation
4.6 Phase equilibrium
4.7 Non-reacting single-phase systems
4.8 Systems with recycle, bypass and purge
4.9 Processes involving vaporization and condensation
4.10 Enthalpy
4.11 Heat of reaction
4.12 Thermochemistry
4.13 Fuel calculations
5. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMIC 10%
5.1 First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
5.2 Volumetric properties of pure fluids
5.3 Heat effects
5.4 Thermodynamics properties of fluids
5.5 Thermodynamics of flow processes
5.6 Production of power from heat
5.7 Solution thermodynamics
5.8 Phase and chemical-reaction equilibria

Section C – 20 Marks
6. PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION 10%
6.1 First Principles model development; dynamics of first, second and higher order
linear systems
6.2 Open loop and closed loop systems
6.3 Linearization
6.4 Feed back control
6.5 Stability
6.6 Root locus diagram
6.7 Frequency response analysis
7. MECHANICAL AND FLUID FLOW OPERATION 10%
7.1 Fluid properties & Dimensional analysis
7.2 Fluid static & it’s applications
7.3 Friction in pipes & Channels, Pumping of fluids
7.4 Agitation & mixing of liquids
7.5 Solids, characteristics of solid particles, type of standard screen series.
7.6 Size reduction and enlargement, crushers, grinders, disintegrates for coarse &
intermediate & fine grinding, energy and power requirements, law of crushers,
work index

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7.7 Screening and other separation methods: screen analysis, estimation of particle
size, surface area and particle population based on screen analysis, ideal and actual
screens, principles of elutriation, flotation, jigging, electrostatics, and magnetic
separation processes
7.8 Sedimentation, settling velocity, flocculation
7.9 Fluidizations, dense phase fluidization and boiling beds, Minimum fluidization
velocity, minimum (min.) porosity of bed and bed height, batch & cont.
fluidization
7.10 Filtration, filter media, filter aids, batch & cont. filtration, filtration equipment,
filter press, leaf, cartridge, vacuum filter, rotary drum filters
7.11 Mixing and agitation: equipment’s, agitation of liquids, types of impellers, power
consumption in agitated vessels
7.12 Conveyers: mechanical and pneumatic conveying, elevators

Section D – 30 Marks
8. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 10%
8.1 Oil and fats
8.2 Soap and detergent and method of manufacturing
8.3 Fermentation of ethyl alcohol and citric acid
8.4 Starch, Sugar
8.5 Pulp and paper
8.6 Leather
8.7 Cement and lime
8.8 Ceramic and glass
8.9 Paints and varnishes
9. SAFETY ANF POLLUTION CONTROL 10%
9.1 Concepts and definition of pollution and safety
9.2 Occupational health and safety management, ; safety culture; storage of dangerous
materials
9.3 Sources of water, air and land pollution; environmental laws & standards; design of
pollution Abatement systems for particulate matter and gaseous constituents;
hazardous waste disposal and effluent
9.4 Solid-waste disposal and recovery of useful products
9.5 Modification; recovery of by-products; energy recovery; waste utilization and
recycle and reuse. Waste Minimization
9.6 Environmental Policy, Act and Regulations, ISO 14001
9.7 Concept of Cleaner Production
10. QUALITY, STNDARDIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY 10%
10.1 Quality and quality control, Quality Circle, Total Quality Management, Quality
Management System
10.2 Standardization and Certification
10.3 Productivity, Kaizen, 5 S
10.4 Existing Nepal Standard (Certification Mark) Act, and Regulation
10.5 Existing Consumer Protection Act
10.6 Project Economics

PSC/Page 3
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PSC/Page 4