Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BS en 9934-3
BS en 9934-3
02 June 2003
Non-destructive
testing — Magnetic
particle testing —
Part 3: Equipment
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
ICS 19.100
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN ISO 9934-3:2002
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of
EN ISO 9934-3:2002. It is identical with ISO 9934-3:2002
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to:
ICS 19.100
English version
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 9934-3:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
Contents
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4
3 Safety requirements ......................................................................................................................................4
4 Types of devices ............................................................................................................................................4
4.1 Portable electromagnets (AC) ......................................................................................................................4
4.2 Current generators ........................................................................................................................................6
4.3 Magnetic benches..........................................................................................................................................8
4.4 Specialized testing systems .......................................................................................................................10
5 UV-A sources................................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Generals........................................................................................................................................................11
5.2 Technical data ..............................................................................................................................................11
5.3 Minimum requirements ...............................................................................................................................11
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
2
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
Foreword
This document (ISO 9934-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive
testing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, "Non-destructive testing", the secretariat of which
is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by January 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by January 2003.
EN ISO 9934-1 Non destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 1 : General rules
prEN ISO 9934-2 Non destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 2 : Detection media
EN ISO 9934-3 Non destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 3 : Equipment
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
3
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard describes three types of equipment for magnetic particle testing :
fixed installations ;
specialized testing systems for testing components on a continuous basis, comprising a series of processing
stations placed in sequence to form a process line.
Equipment for magnetizing, demagnetizing, illumination, metering and monitoring are also described.
This standard specifies the properties to be provided by the equipment supplier, minimum requirements for
application and the method of measuring certain parameters. Where appropriate, measuring and calibration
requirements and in-service checks are also specified.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN ISO 3059:2001 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing - Viewing conditions
(ISO 3059:2001)
EN ISO 9934-1:2001 Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 1 : General rules (ISO 9934-1:2001)
3 Safety requirements
The equipment design shall take into account of all European, national and local regulations which include health,
safety, electrical and environmental requirements.
4 Types of devices
4.1.1 General
Hand-held portable electromagnets (yokes) produce a magnetic field between the two poles. (When testing
according to EN ISO 9934-1, DC electromagnets should only be used if agreed at enquiry and order stages).
Magnetization shall be determined by measuring the tangential field strength Ht at the centre of a line joining the
centres of the pole faces of the electromagnet with pole extenders where used. The electromagnet with a pole
spacing s is placed on a steel plate as shown in Figure 1. The plate shall have the dimensions (500 ± 25) mm x
(250 ± 13) mm x (10 ± 0.5) mm and shall be of steel conforming to C 22 (EN 10084)..
4
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
Periodic functional checks may be carried out either by the method described above or by a lift test. The
electromagnet shall be capable of supporting a steel plate or rectangular bar conforming to C 22 (EN 10084) and
having a minimum mass of 4,5 kg, with the magnet poles set at their recommended spacing. The major dimension
of the plate or bar shall be greater than the pole spacing s of the electromagnet
NOTE : To lift a steel plate with a mass of 4,5 kg requires a lifting force of 44 N.
Dimensions in millimetres
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Key
MP Measuring point for the tangential field strength
s Pole spacing
1 Poles
recommended pole spacing (maximum and minimum pole spacing) (smax, smin);
duty cycle at maximum output (ratio of current 'ON' to 'Total' time expressed as a percentage);
5
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
The following requirements shall be satisfied at an ambient temperature of 30 °C and at maximum output :
duty cycle ≥ 10 %
lifting force ≥ 44 N
The electromagnet shall be supplied with a power ON/OFF switch preferably mounted on the handle.
Current generators are used to supply current for magnetizing equipment. A current generator is characterized by
the open circuit voltage U0, the short circuit current Ik and the rated current Ir (RMS-values).
The rated current Ir is defined as the maximum current for which the generator is rated at the duty cycle of 10 %
and for a current 'ON' time of 5 s if not otherwise specified.
The open circuit voltage U0 and the short circuit current Ik are derived from the load-characteristic of the generator
at maximum power (with any feed back controls disconnected). The load line of the generator may be derived by
connecting two widely different loads, such as different lengths of cable, in turn to the generator. For the first cable,
the current I1 through the cable and voltage U1 across the output terminals are measured and plotted, to give point
P1 on Figure 2. The process is repeated with a second load to give point P2. The load line is constructed by
drawing a straight line between P1 and P2. The open circuit voltage U0 and short circuit current Ik are then given by
the intercepts on the axes, as shown in Figure 2.
6
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Key
P1, P2 Measuring points for determination of the load characteristics
electrical supply requirements at maximum current output (voltage, phases, frequency and current);
7
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
The following minimum requirements shall be satisfied at an ambient temperature of 30°C and at the rated
current Ir :
duty cycle: ≥ 10 %
4.3.1 General
Fixed installation benches may include facilities for current flow and magnetic flow techniques. Magnetic flow may
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
be achieved either by an electromagnetic yoke or a fixed coil (see EN ISO 9934-1). The characteristics of the
current generator are defined in 4.2.
When facilities for multidirectional magnetization are included, each circuit shall be independently controlled.
Magnetization shall be sufficient to achieve the required detection capability in all directions.
The characteristic of the electromagnetic yoke is the tangential field strength Ht measured, in kiloamperes per
metre, at the midpoint of the length of a cylindrical bar conforming to C22 (EN 10084) of specified dimensions
(length and diameter) appropriate to the acceptance range of the equipment.
If the bench is to be used for magnetic flow testing of components longer than 1 m, or segments of the length are
magnetized individually, the supplier shall define how magnetizing capability is determined. This shall include a
specification of the tangential field strength for a bar of suitable length and diameter.
automated features;
8
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
method of clamping;
schematic lay out of the equipment (current generator, control panel, location of the detection medium
reservoir);
electrical supply requirements at maximum current output (voltage, phases, frequency and current);
characteristics of coils:
number of turns;
9
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
The equipment supplier shall verify the detection capability for a specified component.
These systems are usually automated and designed for a special task. Complex components may require the use
of multidirectional magnetization. The number of circuits and the magnetizing values depend on the location and
the directions of the discontinuities to be detected. Therefore in many cases the detection capability can be verified
only with test pieces having natural or artificial discontinuities in the relevant zones and directions.
j) magnetizing time;
k) postmagnetizing time;
p) electrical supply requirements at maximum current output (voltage, phases, frequency and current) ;
q) type of demagnetization;
s) schematic lay out of the equipment (current generator, control panel, location of the detection medium
reservoir);
5 UV-A sources
5.1 Generals
UV-A sources shall be designed and used in accordance with EN ISO 3059.
f) irradiated area (diameter or length x width measured at half of the maximum surface irradiance);
11
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
6.1 General
Usually in magnetic benches and specialised testing systems the detection media circulates through the reservoir,
wetting units and the drain tray.
a) agitation method;
h) manual/automated wetting;
j) hand hose.
7 Inspection booth
7.1 General
When using fluorescent detection media, inspection shall be carried out in low ambient visible light to ensure good
contrast between discontinuity indications and background (see EN ISO 3059).
For this purpose an inspection booth is required which may be integral with the magnetizing equipment (bench) or
it may be a separate free standing enclosure.
b) class of flammability;
c) construction materials;
12
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
d) type of ventilation;
no glare from visible and/or UV-A radiation within operators field of vision.
8 Demagnetization
8.1 General
Facilities for demagnetization may be included in the magnetizing equipment or, demagnetizing may be carried out
using a separate equipment.
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
If viewing for indications is carried out after demagnetization, indications shall be preserved by a suitable method.
a) method(s) of demagnetization;
c) field strength (at the centre of the empty demagnetizing coil if applicable);
e) electrical supply requirements at maximum current output (voltage, phases, frequency and current) if separate
from the general equipment;
The equipment shall be capable of demagnetizing to a specified level (typically 0.4 to 1.0 kA/m) unless otherwise
agreed
9 Measurements
9.1 General
13
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
All electric and magnetic values should be specified and measured in RMS values (true). For unidirectional
waveforms the RMS-measurement shall take into account the DC-component. If a RMS-measurement is not
possible, the measurement method of values shall be declared.
AC (sinusoidal wave form) can be measured with clamp meters (measuring error < 10 %) or with a shunt and
general multipurpose voltage meters (measuring error < 10 %). For measuring phased currents, a meter with a
crest factor > 6 (ratio peak value to RMS-value) shall be used.
Magnetization may be determined by measuring the tangential field strength using a Hall probe. To obtain the
required field strength, three factors should be considered, depending on the method of magnetization and the
location of the measurement
The plane of the field sensitive element should be kept normal to the surface. If a normal field component
exists, a tilt may introduce a substantial error.
If the field varies strongly with height above the surface, it may be necessary to make two measurements at
different heights to deduce the value at the surface.
To determine the direction and magnitude of the field, the probe shall be rotated to give the maximum reading.
a) measured value;
e) type of instrument;
When measuring the visible light from UV sources, the luxmeter shall be insensitive to UV and infrared radiation.
Appropriate filters shall be incorporated.
14
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
The verification and calibration procedures for instruments shall be carried out so that during the calibration interval
the measuring error remains within limits given in this standard. This shall be done, following the recommendations
of the manufacturer of the instrument and in accordance with the quality assurance system of the user.
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
15
EN ISO 9934-3:2002 (E)
Bibliography
EN 1330-2 Non destructive testing - Terminology – Part 2: Terms common to non destructive methods
prEN ISO 9934-2:2001 Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 2 : Detection media
prEN ISO 12707:2000 Non destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in magnetic particle testing
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
16
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
blank
BS EN ISO
9934-3:2002
BSI — British Standards Institution
BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.
Revisions
British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of
British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or
editions.
It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using
this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee
responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.
BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures
that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.
Buying standards
Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001.
Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: orders@bsi-global.com. Standards are also
available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com.
In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the
BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards,
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 02 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Information on standards
BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and
international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters
Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give
details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: info@bsi-global.com.
Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments
and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details
of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001.
Email: membership@bsi-global.com.
Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards
Online can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline.
Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at
http://www.bsi-global.com.
Copyright
Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the
UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written
permission from BSI.
This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
BSI written permission of BSI must be obtained.
389 Chiswick High Road Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager.
London Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553.
Email: copyright@bsi-global.com.
W4 4AL