PROBLEM NO.5: A rectangular plot of land measuring 1.

28 hectors is represented on a map by a similar rectangle

of 8 sq. cm. Calculate RF of the scale. Draw a diagonal scale to read single meter. Show a distance of 438 m on it.

SOLUTION :
DIAGONAL
1 hector = 10, 000 sq. meters SCALE
1.28 hectors = 1.28 X 10, 000 sq. meters
Draw a line 15 cm long.
= 1.28 X 104 X 104 sq. cm
8 sq. cm area on map represents It will represent 600 m.Divide it in six equal parts.
= 1.28 X 104 X 104 sq. cm on land ( each will represent 100 m.)
1 cm sq. on map represents Divide first division in ten equal parts.Each will
= 1.28 X 10 4 X 104 / 8 sq cm on land represent 10 m.
1 cm on map represent Draw a line upward from left end and
mark 10 parts on it of any distance.
= 1.28 X 10 4 X 104 / 8 cm
Name those parts 0 to 10 as shown.Join 9 th sub-division
= 4, 000 cm of horizontal scale with 10th division of the vertical divisions.
1 cm on drawing represent 4, 000 cm, Means RF = 1 / 4000 Then draw parallel lines to this line from remaining sub divisions
Assuming length of scale 15 cm, it will represent 600 m. and complete diagonal scale.
438 meters

10
9
8
7
6
5
M

4
3
2
1
0
M 100 50
0 100 200 300 400 500 M
R.F. = 1 / 4000

engineering108.com
DIAGONAL SCALE SHOWING METERS.
PROBLEM NO.6:. Draw a diagonal scale of R.F. 1: 2.5, showing centimeters
and millimeters and long enough to measure up to 20 centimeters.

SOLUTION STEPS:
R.F. = 1 / 2.5 DIAGONAL
Length of scale = 1 / 2.5 X 20 cm. SCALE
= 8 cm.
1.Draw a line 8 cm long and divide it in to 4 equal parts.
(Each part will represent a length of 5 cm.)
2.Divide the first part into 5 equal divisions.
(Each will show 1 cm.)
3.At the left hand end of the line, draw a vertical line and
on it step-off 10 equal divisions of any length.
4.Complete the scale as explained in previous problems.
Show the distance 13.4 cm on it.

13 .4 CM

10
9
8
7
6
MM

5
4
3
2
1
0
CM 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 10 15 CENTIMETRES

R.F. = 1 / 2.5
DIAGONAL SCALE SHOWING CENTIMETERS.
engineering108.com
 COMPARATIVE SCALES: EXAMPLE NO. 7 :
These are the Scales having same R.F. A distance of 40 miles is represented by a line
but graduated to read different units. 8 cm long. Construct a plain scale to read 80 miles.
These scales may be Plain scales or Diagonal scales Also construct a comparative scale to read kilometers
and may be constructed separately or one above the other. upto 120 km ( 1 m = 1.609 km )

SOLUTION STEPS:
CONSTRUCTION:
Scale of Miles:
Take a line 16 cm long and divide it into 8 parts. Each will represent 10 miles.
40 miles are represented = 8 cm
Subdivide the first part and each sub-division will measure single mile.
80 miles = 16 cm
R.F. = 8 / 40 X 1609 X 1000 X 100
= 1 / 8, 04, 500

Scale of Km: CONSTRUCTION:

Length of scale On the top line of the scale of miles cut off a distance of 14.90 cm and divide
= 1 / 8,04,500 X 120 X 1000 X 100 it into 12 equal parts. Each part will represent 10 km.
= 14. 90 cm Subdivide the first part into 10 equal parts. Each subdivision will show single km.

10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 KM
5

10 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 MILES

R.F. = 1 / 804500
COMPARATIVE SCALE SHOWING MILES AND KILOMETERS

engineering108.com
 SOLUTION STEPS:
Scale of km.
COMPARATIVE SCALE: length of scale = RF X 60 km
= 1 / 4,00,000 X 60 X 105
= 15 cm.
EXAMPLE NO. 8 : CONSTRUCTION:
A motor car is running at a speed of 60 kph. Draw a line 15 cm long and divide it in 6 equal parts.
On a scale of RF = 1 / 4,00,000 show the distance ( each part will represent 10 km.)
traveled by car in 47 minutes. Subdivide 1st part in `0 equal subdivisions.
( each will represent 1 km.)

Time Scale:
Same 15 cm line will represent 60 minutes.
Construct the scale similar to distance scale.
It will show minimum 1 minute & max. 60min.

47 MINUTES

10 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 MINUTES
MIN.

KM 5 40
10 0 10 20 30 50 KM

47 KM

R.F. = 1 / 4,00,000
COMPARATIVE SCALE SHOWING MINUTES AND KILOMETERS
engineering108.com
EXAMPLE NO. 9 :
A car is traveling at a speed of 60 km per hour. A 4 cm long line represents the distance traveled by the car in two hours.
Construct a suitable comparative scale up to 10 hours. The scale should be able to read the distance traveled in one minute.
Show the time required to cover 476 km and also distance in 4 hours and 24 minutes.
SOLUTION: COMPARATIVE
4 cm line represents distance in two hours , means for 10 hours scale, 20 cm long line is required, as length
of scale.This length of scale will also represent 600 kms. ( as it is a distance traveled in 10 hours) SCALE:
CONSTRUCTION:
Distance Scale ( km)
Draw a line 20 cm long. Divide it in TEN equal parts.( Each will show 60 km)
Sub-divide 1st part in SIX subdivisions.( Each will represent 10 km)
At the left hand end of the line, draw a vertical line and on it step-off 10 equal divisions of any length.
And complete the diagonal scale to read minimum ONE km.
Time scale:
Draw a line 20 cm long. Divide it in TEN equal parts.( Each will show 1 hour) Sub-divide 1 st part in SIX subdivisions.( Each will
represent 10 minutes) At the left hand end of the line, draw a vertical line and on it step-off 10 equal divisions of any length.
And complete the diagonal scale to read minimum ONE minute.
TIME SCALE TO MEASURE MIN 1 MINUTE.
10

MIN.0
60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 hrs 24 min. ( 264 kms ) HOURS
476 kms ( 7 hrs 56 min.)
10
kM

0
kM 60 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
DISTANCE SCALE TO MEASURE MIN 1 KM
engineering108.com KILOMETERS