DICTIONARY

of Manobo as spoken in the

Agusan river valley and the
Diwata mountain range

Teofilo E. Gelacio
Jason Lee Kwok Loong
Ronald L. Schumacher

Manobo: Agusan
Dictionary
Copyright Summer Institute of Linguistics © 2000

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without permission
in writing from the copyright owners.
 For my Manobo grandparents
Bagani Manggusawon and Bai Nangin;
my parents, brothers, sisters;
and the Manobo of the
Agusan river valley and Diwata mountain range
Datu Manggusawon
Teofilo E. Gelacio
TEOFILO ESPINOSA GELACIO was born in Binukayan, Loreto,
Agusan del Sur, Philippines, in 1933. In 1954, he was invested as Datu
Manggusawon "Chief Exterminator" by the late Datu Ojak Felipe May-as,
the then reigning Datu of Gibong, Agusan del Sur. Datu Manggusawon
was the title of his maternal grandfather, a famed bagani "warrior". He
has been a teacher, vice-mayor, and Provincial Board member. In 1967,
he was recognized as one of the ten most outstanding teachers in the
nation. His interest in Manobo language, culture and history began in
youth and continues to this day.
JASON LEE KWOK LOONG was born in Singapore in 1971. In
1997, he graduated from The University of Western Australia with First Class
Honours in Linguistics.
RONALD L. SCHUMACHER was born in Bluffton, Ohio, U.S.A. in
1951. He has worked in the Philippines as a linguistic researcher since 1976.
 PREFACE
This book is a dictionary of the Manobo language spoken in large
areas of the Agusan river valley and on the eastern slopes of the Diwata
mountain range in the northeast of the island of Mindanao in the
Philippines. There are about 5,200 main entries, consisting mostly of root
words.
We hope that this dictionary will help the younger generations of
Manobo take pride in their language and culture. We have included many
names of wildlife native to the rivers and forests of Agusan, as well as
words associated with traditional Manobo art and culture. We hope that
the Manobo people will not stop speaking their language. Putting these
words into print will preserve them for posterity, but using the language
will ensure its continuity.
This dictionary has been in the making for several decades, from
when the compilers first started collecting Manobo words. Numerous
people are to be credited in the production of this work, especially the
Manobo speakers who provided the data. Thank you all. We want to
particularly acknowledge Teofila Bada, Florencia Havana, Jose Havana,
Ian McQuay, Susan McQuay, Datu Bangkiyawon Esmeraldo Miel,
Eustaquio Pendon and Donna Schumacher.
The final lexical database was compiled using Shoebox software
from the Summer Institute of Linguistics. SIL also provided invaluable
institutional support.
As with all dictionaries of living languages, this book represents
work in progress. There is much more that the compilers have wanted to
include or improve on, but could not due to certain constraints. Perhaps in
the future we or others may produce an improved and enlarged version.
T. E. Gelacio
J. K. L. Lee
R. L. Schumacher
 INTRODUCTION

by Jason Lee

1 Pronunciation and Spelling

1.1 Vowels
People who speak Cebuano or Filipino as their mother tongue may
have trouble pronouncing and spelling Manobo.
When we write Manobo we use seven basic vowels: a, ae, e, i, o,
u, ue. But there are two additional vowels: ey, which is similar to e but
longer, and iy, which is similar to i but longer.
Cebuano is written with five vowels: a, e, i, o, u. Only three sounds
are actually ever pronounced, however, because e and i are pronounced as
the same sound, and o and u are pronounced as the same sound.
Manobo has these three same vowel sounds as Cebuano. We write
them with a, i and u. We cannot write the sound u with o, or the sound i
with e, like Cebuano, because in Manobo the letters o and e are used to
represent DIFFERENT sounds.
The following is a table to help you pronounce and spell Manobo
words. Non-Manobo words such as English words are included to guide
you, but you must be careful. There are many different ways to pronounce
English! The best way to learn to pronounce Manobo words correctly is to
ask a native speaker of Manobo to say the Manobo words for you. The
pronunciation guide should only be used if you cannot find a native
speaker of Manobo. The pronunciation guide should be used with a native
speaker of English.
 TABLE 1 Vowel Chart

Vowels Manobo Pronunciation Guide

a a'baga ‘shoulder’ father
ae 'aehu ‘pestle’ cat
e sed ‘inside’ bed
ey meydu'on ‘there is’ grey
i i'nay ‘mother!’ kiwi
iy 'abiy ‘lip’ key
o o'nom ‘six’ above
u 'ubu ‘cough’ do
ue 'kambue ‘basket type’ Not found in English
French tu or
German über

If the letter o is not used to spell the u sound, what sound does it
represent? It does not represent the sound written with the letter o in
Filipino, such as in the Filipino word ngayon 'now'. Instead, in Manobo, it
represents what we call a schwa or pepet sound. The tongue and lips are in
the same position as when making the a sound, but the mouth is not
opened as wide, only half as wide.
If the letter e is not used to spell the i sound, what sound does it
represent? It represents the same sound written with the letter e in Filipino
as in the word ate 'older sister'.
The vowel sound ue is not found in Filipino, Cebuano or English.
To pronounce this sound, first make the sound i. You will notice that your
tongue is high up and in front of the mouth, and your lips are spread.
Without moving the tongue, round your lips as when making the sound u.
Or, first make the sound u. You will notice that your tongue is high up and
at the back of the mouth, and your lips are rounded. Without moving the
lips, move your tongue in front of the mouth as when making the sound i.
This vowel sounds like a cross between i and u because the lips are in the
same position as when making the sound u but the tongue is in the same
position as when making the sound i.
1.2 Glottal Stop
One 'sound' is not always written. That is the glottal stop. The
glottal stop is the 'catch in the throat' between the uh and the oh of the
English uh-oh or the way some English speakers pronounce the tt in words
like button.
In Manobo, we do not write the glottal stop when it is at the
beginning of a word, as in abaga 'shoulder', or when it is between vowels,
as in baaw (pronounced ba-aw) 'trail food'. We do write glottal stop with a
dash (-) when it is after a consonant, as in agid-id 'body-dirt', or when it is
between two vowels and one of the vowel sounds is written with two
letters (ae or ue), as in a-ae 'for a boar to pant'. In this dictionary, the
glottal stop is also written with a grave accent (`) when it is at the end of a
word, as in bakà 'jaw'. The word looks like it ends with a vowel but it
really ends in a glottal stop. If you do not write the glottal stop, then it may
be difficult to tell if the word is baka 'cow' or bakà 'jaw'.

1.3 Stress
Stress in Manobo words is usually a longer syllable with a slightly
louder volume. Stress is very important in Manobo in telling words apart.
Therefore, stress is written in this dictionary. We write it with an
apostrophe (') before the stressed syllable. For example, the only
difference between 'hilu 'thread' and hi'lu 'poison', is stress. In the first
word, the first syllable is stressed. In the second word, the second syllable
is stressed.
1.4 Consonants
The sixteen consonants of Manobo are spelled with the following
letters:
TABLE 2 Consonant Chart

Consonants Manobo
b 'baktas ‘hike’
d dadu'wa ‘two’
g gu'yangan ‘forest’
h hi'ngow ‘be drunk’
j ja'bu ‘spill’
k 'kanta ‘sing’
l la'ba ‘launder’
m ma'mà ‘betelnut chew’
n ni'pis ‘thin’
ng 'ngadan ‘name’
p 'panow ‘walk’
r ri'pulyu ‘cabbage’
s so'dà ‘viand’
t ti'yahù ‘cry’
w wo'hig ‘water’
y 'yukos ‘male’

Most Manobo consonants are pronounced the same as in

Filipino or Cebuano. One exception is the letter j. Manobo j is the
same as the Filipino sound usually written with the letters dy, as in
alédyik 'allergic'. That is, it is the same as the English j.
2 How to Find Words in this Dictionary
This dictionary contains mostly root words, but when we speak
and write Manobo we add affixes to the roots. For example, the root word
'yaguy 'run' is often found in the form miglinaguy, as in miglinaguy a 'I am
running'. There are two affixes in miglinaguy. First there is the affix mig-,
which shows that the action has begun. Then there is an infix -in-, which
shows that the action is continuous. The root 'yaguy is found in this
dictionary but not miglinaguy or linaguy. So, if you come across a word
like miglinaguy or linaguy and find that it is not where yo u thought it
would be (under m or l), how would you know where to look?
There are two main things to do to find the root. First, look for any
affixes to remove, such as the mig- and -in- in miglinaguy. Next, you have
to think about any sound changes that might have come because an affix
or affixes were added, such as the l and y difference in linaguy and yaguy.
There is a list of affixes at the end of this section. We have tried to
include all the affixes and most of the common affix combinations in the
list. But the list is not complete because Manobo roots can have more than
one affix at the same time.
As can be seen with 'yaguy, y changes to l when an i follows, as in
the infix -in-. Changes to the first letter of certain roots and stems also
occur with a group of prefixes which end in a nasal. Nasals are sounds
made with the mouth closed and air coming out through the nose, such as
the sounds represented by the letters m, n, and ng. We can use the capital
letter N to represent all three letters m, n, and ng. Nasals affect roots or
stems beginning with the letters p, b, t, d, k, and g. If the root or stem
begins with a p or b, the p or b is replaced with an m. For example, the
root word bo'goy 'give' appears as pamogoy when the affix paN- is added.
If the root or stem begins with a t or d, the t or d is replaced with an n. For
example, the root word 'tabak 'answer' appears as panabak when the affix
paN- is added. If the root or stem begins with a k or g, the k or g is
replaced with an ng. For example, the root word 'kabò 'clothe' appears as
pangabò when the affix paN- is added.
3 Common Verb Affixes & Verb Affix Combinations

Prefixes k a--an nangka--an paN 3 -

CVdup-1 k a--i og- paN 3 --a
CVdup-1 -ay kangka- og--an paN 3 --an
FULLdup-2 kangka--an ogka- paN 3 --i
asig- ma- ogka--an paN 3 --on
bag- ma--an ogkangka- pati-
hi- maka- ogkangka— patig-
i- mamaka- an pig-
ig- mamaN 3 - og--on pig--an
ig-CVdup-1 maN 3 - ogpaka- pigpaN 3 -
-ay mangka- ogpamaka- pigpaN 3 --an
igka- mangka--an ogpamaN 3 -
igkangka- masig- ogpaN 3 - Infixes
igpaN 3 - mig- ogpaN 3 --an -in-
ika- migpaN 3 - ogpaN 3 --on -in--ay
ikangka- mu- pa- -um-
impaN 3 - na- pa-CVdup-1
iN 3 - na--an -ay Suffixes
in- naka- pag- -a
ingka- namaka- paka- -an
ingkangka- namaN 3 - paki- -i
ipaN 3 - naN 3 - pakig- -on
k a- nangka- pamaka-
________________________________________________________
1
CVdup-: Reduplication of the first consonant-vowel sequence of the
stem is considered a form of prefixation.
2
FULLdup- : Reduplication of the root is considered a form of prefixation.
3
N: The capital letter N indicates a nasal at the end of a prefix which
affects the first consonant of the stem which the prefix is attached to. If
the stem begins with p or b, the p or b is replaced with an m. If the stem
begins with t, d or s, the t or d is replaced with an n, and N appears as an
n with s. If the stem begins with k or g, the k or g is replaced with an ng.
If the stem begins with a vowel, N appears as an ng.
 References
duPont, John E. 1971. Philippine Birds. Greenville, Delaware:
Delaware Museum of Natural History.
Garvan, John M. 1931. The Manóbos of Mindanao. Memoirs of the
National Academy of Sciences. Vol. XXIII, First Memoir.
Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
Wolff, John U. 1972. A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. Philippine
Journal of Linguistics. Monograph 4. Quezon City:
Linguistic Society of the Philippines.

Abbreviations
adj. adjective OvSyn overlapping
adv. adverb synonym
Aff affix part. particle
Ant antonym prep. preposition
conj. conjunction pro. pronoun
det. determiner s.o. someone
e.g. for example sp species
esp. especially s.t. something
exis. existential s.w. somewhere
Gram grammar Syn synonym
interj. interjection v. verb
interr. interrogative var. variety
n. noun voc. vocative noun
 1

A - a a'bè interj. hey! exclamation of

disgust, surprise or concern.
a pro. I; me. 'abhung adj. moldy smelling, of food
that has been stored for a long time.
a interj. no! exclamation of refusal or
rejection. abi'abi v. entertain guests.
'a-ae v. for a boar to make a certain 'abin v. claim s.t.; claim to be s.t.
panting sound when courting a sow.
kaa'binan n. allotment or share of
aa'nii See main entry: aa'niit. property given to a person.
aa'niit Variant: aa'nii. v. for rain to abin'-abin v. dote on the child of
drizzle lightly for many hours another possessively.
continuously.
a'bis v. cut off the end of s.t.
a'ba n. breast of a bird.
'abiy n. lip.
'abà Variant: 'ambà. voc. father! term
of address to one's father. 'abod n. welt on the skin left by a
whip-like object.
aba'ga n. base rows of a rice panicle,
the least ripe. v. mark s.t. with a welt by a whip-like
object.
a'baga n. shoulder.
'aboy v. always, frequently, or
aba'ka n. abaca. regularly do s.t.
a'bang v. ambush s.o. along a route of 'abri v. open. From: Spanish.
travel; block a route; wait for s.o. along
a route. 'abtik v. take initiative in performing
an activity.
'abat n. bride price demanded by the
relatives of the bride. adj. alert. From: Cebuano.
a'batod n. edible larva of a palm beetle a'bu n. firetable, ash.
('kamahung) which infests fleshy
palms such as sago, coconut and fishtail abu'hon adj. grey.
palms.
abu'ab v. cut weeds.
a'bay n. float used by a non-swimmer
or one learning to swim; lifeguard or abu'abon n. weed; grass.
swim instructor who accompanies one
learning to swim. a'buab n. mole cricket.
v. accompany and instruct one learning a'bug n. dust.
to swim in the water.
maa'bug adj. dusty.
'abajan n. float.
 2

'abug v. drive away an animal, person, a'dù interj. wow! exclamation of

or spirit. admiration.

abu'gadu n. lawyer. From: Cebuano. a'dua interj. pity! exclamation of pity

towards s.o. or s.t. pitiful.
a'bukoy n. white feathered parrot-like
bird with a red beak that feeds on adu'dù interj. wow! exclamation of
matured ears of corn. admiration.

a'bunda adj. abundant. From: Cebuano. a'duy interj. exclamation of surprise.

'abung n. mold; mildew. 'aeba n. cliff.

a'but v. arrive; reach. 'aebat n. beams of a house; restraining

fence made of horizontal beams; wall
paabu'tanan n. lodging house. made of horizontal beams.

'abut n. harvest. 'aedabis v. slash with a diagonal

motion, esp. in cutting through s.t. tall
'abyow adj. quarrelsome. and slender like a small tree with one
slash. See: an'daebis.
'abyoy adj. tired; weak.
'aed-aed v. grunt; for a pig to make an
'ad-ad v. slice s.t. into thin but not long aggressive grunting sound.
pieces, such as tobacco leaves.
Syn: 'gibis. From: Cebuano. 'aedow n. day.

'adag v. sift. See main entry: 'aeg-ag. ka'aedawan n. birthday; anniversary.

a'dangay See main entry: sa'dangay. kaad'lawon adv. early in the morning.

'adey n. scabies, an itchy skin disease. aeg See main entry: 'ayag.

a'dì interj. ouch! exclamation of pain. 'aegad v. accompany s.o. who carries
s.t. to that person's destination in order
a'didit See main entry: a'ririt. to bring back that s.t.

a'dò See main entry: a'jò. 'aeg-aeg v. intrude; try to do s.t. when
one does not know how to do it; for s.o.
'adobang See main entry: a'jobang. of higher status to intrude into matters
concerning those of lower status.
a'dom adj. dull or lacklustre, of Aff: pa-.
formerly shiny things; dim, of light or
eyesight; dark blue, as the sea or the 'aeg-ag Variant: 'ag-ag; 'adag. v. sift;
evening sky. be shaken and jolted while riding a
vehicle.
a'doy interj. ouch! exclamation of pain,
hate, anger, fear, hardship. 'aehu n. pestle.

interj. wow! exclamation of admiration.

 3

'aemag n. white flourescence emitted a'gahon n. tree, the bark of which is

by white fungus ('bigtujan) seen at pounded and used for clothes.
night.
'agak v. for birds to brood over or for
'aemoy n. young wood, lighter in animals or people to care for the young
color, between the bark and the inner till they are weaned.
core, of the trunk of certain trees such
as Narra. a'gan-an n. loamy soil.

'aeng-aeng Variant: ayang'-ayang. v. a'gayà v. for an animal, person, or

half-do something; be half-mature, as spirit to roar.
fruits; be indecicive; reaching only half-
way to climax. a'gay-ay n. wood-borer, kind of insect.

'aengman interj. right! exclamation of n. grains of wood-borer droppings.

approval to an utterance.
a'gay-ajon v. for wood to be infested
aen'taebun See main entry: anta'labun. by wood-borers.

'aep-aep Variant: 'aep-ap. n. tinea a'gayon n. master.

flava; fungal skin disease characterised
by white spots. 'agbok n. larynx; Adam's apple.

'aep-ap See main entry: 'aep-aep. 'agbot adj. intense; loud. Aff: ma-.

'aesa Variant: 'aesan. adv. always; 'agbue v. submerge in a body of water;

frequently; regularly. plunge into water or fire; be involved in
s.o. else's problem.
v. always do s.t.
'agbuy v. vibrate.
'aesan1 See main entry: 'aesa.
ag'buyan n. drum skin on opposite side
'aesan2 v. for food to be half cooked of the skin that is hit.
because of wind blowing the flame.
'agda v. invite.
'aewig adj. high and prolonged, of
voice calling. 'agdang v. fall on one's buttocks.

'agad v. be led by s.t. or s.o. 'aghad v. clear the throat of phlegm.

agad'-agad v. float with the wind or ma'aghad adj. sore, of throat.

water; obey or follow without question.
'aghat v. force s.o. to do s.t.
'ag-ag See main entry: 'aeg-ag.
'aghop adj. gentle. Aff: ma-.
'agahan n. woven abaca fibre used as a
sieve to separate sago starch from the a'gi voc. term of address from a
pulverised sago core. woman to a man of same age.

'agi n. accomplishments.
 4

ka'agi n. experience. 'agni v. invite s.o. to accompany to do

s.t.
a'gid-id n. body-dirt.
a'gob-ob v. for a person to burp or
agid'-idon adj. for a person to be belch; for a water container to make a
covered with body-dirt, indicating a gurgling noise when being filled with
long period of not having taken a bath. water. See: ya'gobyob.

agi'gising n. temple of the head. 'agos n. cane; walking stick.

a'gii v. for land to be barren of a'gos-os v. for a small child or perhaps

nutrients. an animal like a puppy to whimper.

a'gila n. eagle. 'agow v. take s.t. from s.o. by force or

wrestle s.t. from s.o.
a'gingoy n. kind of tall weed that
grows along river banks. ka'agow n. rival.

A'ginluwà n. spirit that lives in dark a'goyò v. groan.

swampy places.
'agpot v. stay with s.o.
agipa'wà n. treeless area of a swamp.
Ag'puun n. spirit that causes part of the
'agipu n. stick of firewood which is body to shrivel up (pa'wing).
charred, glowing or burning at one end.
agpu'unan n. arthritis; paralysis;
a'gis-is v. command a dog to pursue general term for diseases which render
game. See: 'is-is. one unable to walk. See: Ag'puun.

'agka voc. spouse! term of address 'agsa voc. cousin! term of address
between marriage partners. between cousins.
Usage: archaic.
'agsam n. vine sp. Core pith is used for
'agkap adj. light in weight. Aff: ma-. making bracelets, small baskets and
bags. fresh leaves are used for
'agkot adj. sticky. Aff: ma-. temporary building decoration.

'Agkoy n. spirit that causes 'agsob adj. adroit, having an inherent

promiscuity. See: 'agkoy. knack for being able to do s.t. well;
keen, of eyesight or memory. Aff: ma-.
'agkoy n. nymphomaniac; woman who Often used of tutelary spirits who have
is sexually promiscious. See: 'Agkoy. a knack for knowing how to treat people
so they will get well.
v. for s.o. (usually female) to act
promisciously. 'Agtà n. Ata Manobo Negrito or Tala-
Ingod, name of an ethnic group.
'agkud n. fermented sludge-like
porridge of cooked rice or cassava used 'agtom v. guess; estimate; judge.
as an ingredient in making wine. Can Usage: archaic.
make one drunk.
 5

a'gud-ud v. for thunder or one's pa'ahot adv. struggle to do s.t.; struggle

stomach to rumble. to do s.t. with s.t. or s.o.; cause s.o. to be
barely able to do s.t.
'ague adj. hollow, with a small
entrance, such as the hollow space ma'ahot adj. sturdy in the face of
sometimes found naturally in an hardship; full of endurance in the midst
otherwise solid tree; small cave. of hardship.
Aff: ma-.
'ahus n. garlic.
a'gumud v. for a pig or spirit ('busow)
to growl. 'ajab Variant: 'hajab. v. experience fear
of heights.
a'gum-um n. green dove bigger than
the turtle dove. ma'ajab adj. scary, of heights.

a'gun conj. so that. a'jamà n. favorite thing to play with or

talk to; favorite child or baby; pet
'agung n. brass gong used as musical animal; toy; s.t. clung to jealously.
instrument or in calling familiar spirits.
v. hold or care for s.t. or s.o. tenderly,
'agus v. flow. dearly or jealously.

A'gusan n. Agusan river. a'jaw v. don't.

agusi'mod n. crumb of food. a'jawon v. cause to rain.

a'gutoy n. wild banana with seedy paa'jawon v. cause it to rain by beating

fruit. the river with young coconut palm
fronds.
'agwas v. for a woman to have a
miscarriage or abortion. a'jò Variant: a'dò. voc. woman! term of
address between female friends.
'agyoy n. large edible grain.
n. female friend of a female.
a'hà v. look at s.t.
v. for a female to make female friends.
a'hàkada interj. exclamation to draw
attention towards s.t. happening. 'ajò v. put arm around s.o.'s shoulder;
for a woman to put an arm around
'ahag n. smelly solid ear wax from an another woman's shoulder.
ear infection; smelly liquid ear wax
from an ear infection. a'jobang Variant: 'adobang; o'jabang;
o'jobang; 'udabang; 'udobang; u'jabang.
a'hat v. for a birth to be premature or n. shrimp; prawn.
fruit to be harvested too early.
a'jok-ok adj. short-necked.
'ahot adv. be hardly able or barely able Ant: tang'koag.
to do s.t.
 6

a'jong-ajong n. last rows of bananas as ali'bu n. ash.

they grow on the stalk, closest to the
bud, smaller than the rest. a'ligra v. care for s.t. or s.o. From:
Spanish.
a'jongod v. for a pig or person to make
a whining noise. Aff: pa-. ali'kadya v. rummage in a container in
search of s.t. From: Cebuano ukay.
aju'-aju n. destitute person without any
money. ali'kaka v. be worried, concerned or
jittery about s.o. or s.t., almost
v. be destitute. panicking.

v. pick on s.o. weaker; for a male to alika'kà n. kind of small frog heard
pick on a female. especially in rainy season from
locations where there is standing water.
ajum'-ajum v. pacify an angry or drunk
person; placate s.o.; appease a spirit. aliko'ub n. eyelid; tender area of skin
below the eye.
a'jun v. do s.t. properly or in a
comfortable position. Ali'mogkat n. name of a female spirit.
Believed to cause plagues.
'ak-ak v. split wood into lumber;
unsheath banana or abaca trunk. alim'puyus n. whirlwind.

a'key interj. ouch! exclamation of pain. alimu'kawan v. be half-awake and

drowsy after being awakened from deep
a'kon-akon v. take all of s.t. for oneself sleep, not fully conscious; be suddenly
to the exclusion of others. awoken from a deep sleep.

'akup v. be considerate of s.o. having a ali'mutmut v. smell a fragrant aroma

hard time. such as perfume or food.

akup'-akup v. do all of s.t. (especially a'ling v. care for an animal with a view
work), not letting others do it; to obtain a share of the offspring.
monopolize.
v. watch over cooking food or a cooking
'akwag v. for a dog to bark at s.t. or fire.
s.o. while pursuing it; for a dog to bark.
ali'ngaot v. feel hot, not due to fever.
a'lagad v. serve s.o.
ali'ngasa v. feel uneasy; feel hot and
n. servant. From: Cebuano. humid. From: Cebuano.

'alam n. knowledge. From: Cebuano. ali'ngatung n. tree with itchy leaves.

Syn: sa'goy.
a'laot adj. unfortunate.
ali'ngiing v. feel hot, not due to fever.
a'lib-ib v. chip wood or rock into small
pieces little by little. ali'noy adj. smooth. Aff: ma-.
 7

ali'peng v. be dizzy. a human; with big eyes. Form is like a

monkey. People say it eats charcoal and
a'lip-ip n. shoulder blade and when it walks, will not walk forward.
associated muscles of a person or
animal. ama'maetuk Variant: ambi'yatuk;
ami'yaetuk; ami'yatuk; amu'watuk;
ali'pudhan n. cowlick; whorl of hair at amu'yatuk. n. woodpecker sp.
the crown of the head. Dryocopus and/or Mulleripicus and/or
Dinopium and/or Chrysocolaptes..
a'lis v. tell a lie to s.o. Aff: in-.
ama'on n. uncle.
a'lison adj. liar; lying.
ama'raka n. green flying lizard with a
a'lisngow v. evaporate, waft. hanging throat.

a'listu v. be adept at performing a amar'gusu Variant: mar'gusu. n. bitter

certain activity. From: Cebuano. melon. Momordica charantia. From:
Cebuano.
ali'susu n. water vapor caused by heat
from skin or cooking food; steam; a'may voc. father! term of address to
vapor. one's father.

ali'wakos v. writhe or grimace in pain. 'ambà Variant: 'abà. voc. father! term
of address to one's father.
a'liwas n. bull monkey.
'ambag v. meet intentionally along a
'ama voc. mother! term of address to route.
one's mother.
amba'hù interj. pitiful! exclamation of
a'mà voc. father! term of address to pity towards s.t. or s.o. weak or lonely.
one's father.
'ambak n. frog.
'amà voc. brother! term of address to
an older male. 'ambat n. fence.

a'mae v. swear a prohibition upon s.t., 'ambay n. mother-in-law or daughter-

prohibiting its utilization by specified in-law of a woman. Usage: Umayam
people for purposes also specified by dialect.
the one uttering the declaration in
response to a misfortune. 'ambit v. get a share of s.t.

a'maè interj. I give up! exclamation of ambi'yatuk See main entry:

disgust at being unable to obtain s.t. ama'maetuk.
after trying with some effort; not
interested! exclamation of rejection or 'ambow n. mouse; rat.
for belittling s.o. or s.t.
'amhù v. obtain the favor of s.o. by
a'mag n. tarsier; species of monkey. doing s.t. for that person; make up after
Nest is either in tree or ground. Jumps a quarrel or offence; ask for
like a monkey; eyes like a cat; ears like forgiveness.
 8

a'mihan n. rainy season. 'amu2 v. know how to do s.t.

ami'hanan n. south. a'mù n. monkey.

ami'minsae n. large dark red ant. Fat 'amue Variant: 'amuy. v. eat s.t. off a
and dark red or black; more than half an bone, seed, utensil, or finger.
inch long; has large mandibles that can Idiom: Ogpakaamue ka to tudyu nu.
tear skin; usually nests in palm ‘You will become very poor. (Lit: You
branches. See main entry: 'binsae. will put your finger in your mouth (as
your only viand).)’.
a'mison n. tree with edible fruit.
Source of drinking water when tapped. a'mung n. cause of trouble or
misfortune.
ami'yaetuk See main entry:
ama'maetuk. amung'-amung v. be the cause of
trouble or misfortune.
ami'yatuk See main entry: ama'maetuk.
amung'-amungan v. act maliciously.
a'momos n. small ant which nests in
tree branches. Nests used as bait for fish 'amut n. contribution. From: Cebuano.
traps ('bogjas) for catfish ('pantat) and
land crabs (yo'sob). amu'watuk See main entry:
ama'maetuk.
amo'nu interr. what; how.
'amuy See main entry: 'amue.
amo'nuhon interr. how.
amu'yatuk See main entry:
'amoy n. father. ama'maetuk.

amoyung'poyung n. song bird sp. a'nad v. teach.

'ampae n. cockroach. adj. experienced.

'ampan exis. entirely none; nothing. ma'anad adj. trained; tame.

'ampay n. favorite food. a'naè interj. not interested!

exclamation of rejection or for belittling
n. food that triggers a chronic, dormant s.o. or s.t. Used in rejecting offered
sickness. From: Cebuano. positions or offers of marriage, or
belittling the one making such an offer.
'ampù v. pray.
'anag v. roast young corn.
pag-'ampù n. prayers.
v. season food with herbs.
ampu'anan n. place of worship.
ana'gon adj. young, of corn.
From: Cebuano.
ana'gasi n. reddish shrub that grows
'amu1 n. employer, master. From: along river banks. Used as trellis for
Cebuano. climbing vegetables. Leaves roasted
 9

with banana leaves and used as ana'naeju Variant: ana'naedu; ana'naju.

ointment for treating scabies and other n. black cicada like insect. Emits a
skin diseases. distinctive high pitched sound during
dry days in the forest.
anaga'sinhon adj. reddish color of a
fighting cock similar to the ana'gasi ana'naju See main entry: ana'naeju.
shrub.
ana'ngilan n. kind of soft-wood tree.
a'nahaw n. kind of palm with hand Has a fragrant flower.
shaped leaves. Fan like leaves used as
roofing; stem used as flooring and bows a'nat adv. naturally.
for arrows.
ingkaa'nat adv. naturally.
ana'hiwan n. reedy grass. Fimbristylis
globulosa. Syn: 'tikog. Used for a'nawae n. camote tuber that grows
weaving mats, bags and hats. some distance from the main plant.

'anak n. offspring of a mammal. an'daebis v. slash with a diagonal

motion, esp. in cutting through s.t. tall
anak'-anak n. step-child. and slender like a small tree with one
slash. See: 'aedabis.
a'nakan n. uterus.
anda'jaepì Variant: manda'jaepì;
manga'nganak adj. having had multiple manda'japì; manja'jaepì; manja'japì. n.
offspring (of mammals). kind of song bird. Brachypterix,
Erithacus, Copsychus, Rhyacornis.
manggi'anak adj. with new born. Perhaps shortwing and/or ruby throat
and/or thrush shama and/or redstart.
manti'anak n. monster. Believed to Basic song is a three note high-low-high
originate from a dead pregnant woman triad repeated with an increasingly
buried with her child. Attacks only higher pitch.
males.
'andam v. prepare.
ana'kon n. nephew; niece.
ma'andam adj. ready.
pa'taenak n. distant relative.
'andar v. operate a vehicle or machine.
'anam v. work continuously little by From: Spanish.
little as it comes along until completed.
From: Cebuano. 'andaw v. for child to take refuge while
playing a certain game of catch. Only
a'nampo'yan n. bushy plant. Medicinal. used in reference to a particular
Cambium layer (between bark and children's game of "catch". The "it"
wood) is soaked in water and drunk as a stays near a pole (andawan) while the
treatment for cough. Leaf tip is crushed others scatter. The aim of the game is
and inhaled, or soaked in water and for the others to grab the pole (take
drunk. refuge, andaw) without being caught
by the "it". Anybody caught becomes
ana'naedu See main entry: ana'naeju. the next "it".
 10

ande'i Variant: ando'i; han'dii. interr. 'anggob n. depression in the ground;

where. ditch.

'andì voc. woman! girl! term of 'anggop v. for the body of a person or
address used by a girl or woman in animal to be completely infected by a
addressing another female of the same disease.
approximate age.
'anggot n. scar left on a person or
an'dini v. come here. animal by a rope which has been tied
tightly.
andi'yà v. go away; go there, s.w. very
far from the speaker. 'anghit v. for s.o. to have body odor.
Aff: -on.
ando'i See main entry: ande'i.
'anghuy adj. for food or chaff to smell
'andung v. attend a feast or other burnt.
gathering where food is served.
Usage: archaic. a'ngi adj. foul-smelling fishy smell, of
improperly dried fish, or vaginal odors.
andu'on v. go there, s.w. not too far Aff: ma-.
from the speaker.
'angin v. implicate s.o. in an incident.
an'dutun v. go there, s.w. moderately
far from the speaker. 'angkadi v. give me! imperative
command to give s.t. to the speaker.
a'ngadon interj. oh! exclamation of
surprise. 'angkae n. altar where the sacrificial
animal is tied and killed. Commonly
a'ngag v. be cut short in the middle of used for pigs, sometimes for chickens.
an activity or climax.
ang'kani v. come here to the location
'ang-ang n. steps of stairs or ladder. of the speaker.
From: Cebuano.
'angkas v. ride mounted on s.t. From:
'angay adj. proper. Cebuano.

'angajan v. do s.t. neatly; be well 'angkon v. claim.

groomed.
'angkow n. altar or religious hut. Made
'anggà1 n. nickname. From: Cebuano. of wood or bamboo. Usually
constructed in front of the house where
'anggà2 n. skin disease characterized offerings of food, betelnut quid,
by large watery skin eruptions or tobacco, wine, fresh eggs, unpolished
blisters. rice, candles and incence are placed.
Decorated with young coconut fronds.
'anggam n. uncle.
'anglit n. earthen pot. From: Cebuano.
'anggang v. warm s.t. over a fire.
a'ngod adj. alike.
 11

'angot v. endure. 'anlas v. for water to wash s.t. away, as

in a flood.
'angoy v. for the soul of the dead,
usually a particular dead person, to ano'bog v. for food to be improperly
harass s.o. See: ti'ow. cooked because the fire underneath the
cooking pot was allowed to die down
'ani v. harvest. before the food was completely cooked.

a'nì interj. yeeh! exclamation of a'nog-og v. for thunder to rumble.

reluctance, fear, or indifference towards
s.o. or s.t. 'anok v. cook s.t. slowly over a low
fire.
a'nibung n. palm sp. Edible top is
recommended for lactating mothers. a'noy adv. after.

ani'hit adj. scarce, of food, shelter, 'anoy n. kind of termite with red head
clothing and other things considered and white body.
necessary for survival.
'ansod adj. burnt tasting, of food.
Ani'lungan to To'gas, 'Alidan to
Yum'bajan n. name of a mythical v. for food to be burnt.
person.
an'taebun See main entry: anta'labun.
a'nislag n. hardwood tree used for
house posts and fences. anta'labun Variant: aen'taebun;
an'taebun. n. kind of white bird; Eastern
anis'lagon adj. reddish colored, of a Saurus Crane; heron. Grus antigone.
fighting cock similar to the color of the
inner bark of the a'nislag tree. antali'got v. whirl around.

'Anit1 n. female spirit of thunder and n. s.t. that whirls around; whirlwind;
lightning. whirlpool.

v. for the spirit Anit to punish s.o. for 'anti v. try; taste.
breaking a taboo. Anit taboos cover
incest and inappropriate behaviour 'antig Variant: 'ontig. n. kind of frog
towards certain animals, insects, and with long thin legs; person with long
reptiles. thin legs. Frog usually seen on dried
banana and other kinds of leaves. Light
'anit2 n. hide of an animal that has been in color. Leaves behind a little amount
skinned. of water when it jumps.

v. skin an animal. anti'huyow Variant: anto'huyong;

anto'huyow; antu'lihow. n. oriole, a
a'nitap n. soft-wood tree that produces yellow bird. Oriolus.
peanut-like fruit.
an'timun n. small melon about ten
'ankae n. heirloom; precious personal inches long and four inches in diameter;
belongings of the dead. honeydew melon. Syn: 'baebawan.
 12

Edible flesh is yellow and slightly mag-a'anyad n. leader.

sweet.
'anyag adj. glorious looking or brightly
anti'payu n. brown millipede about shining, of the moon or stars; glorious
three centimeters long. Emits looking or beautiful, of a woman.
flourescent light when touched. Lives
under floors. An'yasing n. kind of spirit with big
lips. Said to live in places where pandan
an'tiy v. reach menopause. grows. Mocks the pandan gatherer,
asking her questions about what she is
anto'huyong See main entry: going to do with the gathered pandan. If
anti'huyow. humored with the answers, it laughs and
its lips cover the whole face giving the
anto'huyow See main entry: gatherer time to run away.
anti'huyow.
a'pa n. chaff.
'antow v. expose oneself, especially
when hiding to avoid being seen or hit 'apa v. be angry or slighted when
by a projectile weapon. teased; take a joke personally.

an'toyò v. stare blankly into space with a'pali n. edible kind of sweet tuber.
the body motionless, as when in deep Dioscorea esculenta. Grows as a thorny
thought. Aff: pa-. vine

antu'lihow See main entry: anti'huyow. a'pan n. katydid; green hopping insect
with elongated head.
'antus v. endure.
apa'pangig n. sides of the jawbone.
an'tutu v. heap s.t. over the brim of a
container. 'apas v. hurry an activity.

'anud v. float downstream. v. chase after s.o.

a'nugun Variant: ka'nugun. v. waste. a'pi See main entry: i'pi.

kaa'nugun v. feel that s.t. is wasted. a'pid v. double or place s.t. in multiple
layers; commit adultery.
a'nunang n. kind of medium sized tree.
Fruit is used as a glue; also a favorite a'pil v. include. From: Spanish.
food of birds. Bark and top is boiled and
drunk as a remedy for cough and fever. api'lidu n. surname. From: Spanish.

anu'nulì n. praying mantis. Young a'pipi v. carry s.t., esp. a child, on the
boys are warned to not go naked below waist above the hips.
the waist or they may be circumcised
('tulì) by the praying mantis. 'apis n. low fence trap or dam for wild
animals or fish. Made of sticks and
'anyad v. guide or lead s.o. s.w.; guide leaves about a foot high. Funnel shaped.
s.o. how to do s.t. Game or fish are funnelled or guided
into the trap by this fence.
 13

a'pitung n. kind of hardwood tree. pa'ngapug v. offer betelnut chew to the

Used as construction material. Sap used spirits.
as lighting fuel.
apu'gan n. sacred container for betel
'apjow v. raise s.t. with the palm of the chew offering.
hand; support s.o. with help, money, or
encouragement. ina'pugan n. offering of betel chew.
Consists of betel nut, ecmo leaves and
apo'du n. bile; gall bladder. lime, together with rice, eggs, tobacco,
and wine.
'apog n. blood clot.
a'pujun Variant: a'pudun. v. travel en
apo'ga n. clods of soil that remain masse for a purpose.
undissolved from eroded lands.
a'puy n. skin disease characterized by
'apok v. be lazy. firmness of the skin and itching.
Medicine for this is to mix hearth ashes,
apo'ngag n. cheekbone. Idiom: madoot with the juice from the leaves of the
to apongag ‘bad tempered’. ka'tumbae pepper plant, into a paste,
and to apply it to the infected area.
a'ponggod n. pimple.
a'puyu See main entry: a'pue.
'apot v. wade across a river.
'apyod adj. taste alkaline or astringent,
a'potan n. handle of a bladed weapon like unripe banana. Aff: ma-.
or tool such as a knife, bolo, or spear.
a'ridit See main entry: a'ririt.
'apoy n. kind of yam. Both the leaves
and tuber are eaten. a'rina n. wheat flour. From: Spanish.

n. recipe of yam leaves cooked in a'ririt Variant: a'didit; a'ridit. n. kind of

coconut milk. high flying bird, possibly the swallow
or the lark.
a'pù n. grandchild; grandparent.
'asang Variant: 'hasang. n. fish gill.
kaaw-a'puan n. great, great
grandparent. 'as-as1 v. polish rice or millet by
pounding a second time.
a'pudun See main entry: a'pujun.
'as-as2 n. hard core of certain trees.
a'pue Variant: a'puyu. n. yoke trap for
small game such as monkeys, lizards v. for a person to age or mature.
and civet cats. Tong shaped pieces of
wood designed to trap an animal by a'sawa n. wife.
squeezing a body part such as the neck
or limb. v. marry.

'apug n. lime for betel nut chew. asawa'honon n. bride to be.

a'pugan v. offer betelnut chew to s.o. pangasa'wahon n. bride to be.

 14

manga'sawahay n. bridegroom. 'asuk v. overburden s.o. with work or

problems.
panga'sawa v. make arrangements for
marriage. a'sukar n. sugar. From: Spanish.

From: Cebuano. asu'suyla n. white fever sores in the

mouth. Usually affects children.
'asdang v. advance in battle. From:
Cebuano. a'tà voc. woman! girl! term of address
to a younger female.
a'seru Variant: a'sidu. n. temper metal.
Usage: archaic. From: Spanish. a'tabay n. well.

'asey See main entry: 'asoy. a'taè interj. darn! exclamation of

frustration or disgust as after missing a
a'sidu See main entry: a'seru. target or stepping on s.t. dirty.

asig- Variant: masig-. affix. verbal a'tangae v. for a dog to yelp.

affix in indicate that the action is done
by each and every person. 'atas v. for a child or young animal to
become sickly due to premature
a'sin n. salt. weaning.

maa'sin adj. salty. a'tì interj. yuck! exclamation towards

s.o. or s.t. ugly, dirty, small or weak.
'aslag n. size.
a'tia interj. yuck! exclamation uttered
v. grow. upon failure to reach a certain goal or
refusal to do s.t. considered disgusting.
ma'aslag adj. big.
a'tigbun v. burn s.t. completely so that
'aslì v. be frightened, esp. for birds to only ashes remain.
be frightened. Aff: -an.
ati'man v. care.
'asmok n. voraciousness.
ato'boy n. sister; sister of a male.
'asngab v. bite off a large portion of s.t.
a'tog v. be constipated.
a'sod v. help s.o. pound s.t., usually
rice. a'top n. roof.

'asoy Variant: 'asey. adj. only or just, a'toy n. liver.

all of a group or class of things.
atoy'-atoy n. herbal plant with heart-
v. only; just; have, do, or be s.t. to the shaped dark red leaves. Leaves are
exclusion of everything else. heated over a fire and juice extracted
from the leaves and mixed with water as
a'su n. smoke. a treatment for cough. Undiluted juice
used as ointment for a skin condition
'asu n. dog. (ku'libra).
 15

ato'yug n. egg. 'awà v. lose hope.

manga'toyug n. hen that lays eggs. a'waaw adj. for a place to be isolated
and lonely. From: Cebuano.
'atras v. go backwards. From: Spanish.
Aw-a'junan n. mythical person who
atsa'-atsa v. be harried because of an built a golden house (salim'bae) for
inability to cope with a great deal of Yumabot, a righteous man.
work in a limited amount of time. From:
Cebuano. a'wak v. bleed vaginally. From:
Cebuano.
'atsal n. green pepper. From: Cebuano.
a'wang n. clearing.
a'tu interj. wow! exclamation at the
sight of s.t. of great size, speed, height, ma'awang adj. clear.
weight or number.
'awas v. flow, leak.
'atu v. challenge.
awasan v. menstruate.
a'tubang v. face s.o.
'awat v. acquire a plant or animal with
a'tue v. for two or more people to work the purpose of reproducing it.
together performing complementary
tasks in a job that requires more than 'awey n. makeshift oar or paddle.
one participant.
v. paddle a boat with an instrument
a'tuli n. ear wax; smelly liquid ear wax other than an oar or paddle.
from an ear infection.
'awig adj. for a voice to be loud and
atu'ngag v. have tooth decay. prolonged. Aff: ma-.
See: tu'ngag.
pa'awig v. call s.o. loudly and
a'tuyub n. small fire made using prolonged at the top of the voice.
medicinal herbs.
a'wos v. desire strongly.
v. smoke and heat s.o. in a herbal fire.
n. desire; ambition.
aw1 conj. and.
a'wu interj. oh! exclamation of pity.
aw2 interj. oh!
ay interj. oh! exclamation of anguish.
aw a'taè interj. oh darn! exclamation of
frustration or disgust as after missing a 'ayad n. fence.
target or stepping on s.t. dirty.
'ayag1 v. crave or eat only viands.
aw ay interj. oh no! exclamation at the
sight of s.t. or s.o. pitiful. 'ayag2 n. kind of rattan with edible
fruit. Fruit is an ingredient of betelnut
aw 'naan interj. oh really? exclamation quid.
of incredulity.
 16

'ayag3 Variant: aeg. v. forego s.t. a'yuk n. witch-like person who

(usually food) in order to give it to s.o. harassess pregnant women, newborn
else. Aff: pa-. babies, and sick people; vampire.
Usually female.
ayag'-ayag v. for higher ranking people
to rankle those of lower status. Aff: pa-. ayuk-a'yukan n. children's game of
hide and seek. The 'it' is the vampire
'ayam1 v. be drugged from chewing who seeks the other players.
betel nut quid.
'ayun v. harvest a large quantity of
'ayam2 adj. tame. Aff: ma-. grain.

v. be tame. ma'ayun adj. abundant, of a grain

harvest.
ayang'-ayang See main entry: 'aeng-
aeng. ayu'ngae n. corncob.

ayas'-ayas v. go back and forth or from a'yungan n. piece of wood ember

one to another. Collocations: Food, job, glowing at one end, buried in ashes on
house, man, woman. the firetable, usually not going out for
several days. Used to start a fire.
a'yat n. rattan basket. For carrying
farm produce. ayu'yow n. kind of softwood tree used
especially in making coffins. Core of
'ayhà adv. before; prior to; s.t. is done trunk is dug out as a coffin. Does not
before the next thing can occur. decay readily when buried.

'ayhan adj. approachable; friendly.

Aff: ma-.

'aylang n. house-maid or female

servant.

a'yob n. knee. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~
'ayop See main entry: 'hayop. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a'yoy n. trash or garbage swept into a
pile, ready to be burnt.

a'yug n. river; ravine.

a'yug-ayug adj. of a place slightly

lower in elevation; small ravine or river
where water flows, but which may or
may not permanently contain water.

a'yujun v. for two or more people to

help one another to accomplish a job for
each of them; assist mutually.
 17

B - b ba'das adj. poor-shot, of a person who

cannot hit a target.
'baag v. heat in fire till red-hot. ba'daw See main entry: ba'jaw.
ba'aw n. food carried for a journey. 'badbad v. untie; unravel; unweave.
'baay n. thorny vine with a large n. young unraveled frond of a palm tree.
yellow tuber root. Tuber is edible when
properly prepared by peeling, slicing, ba'dì n. small curved knife usually
covering in ashes, then drying. When used for splitting betel nut. Also used
dry, it is soaked in the river overnight. for slicing betel and ecmo leaf, and for
The ashes are washed away the next splitting and cleaning rattan.
day. It is then ready for cooking.
Usually eaten only during famine. Tops 'badlis v. score or make a line on a
are roasted, pounded together with surface.
earthworms, and thrown in the river as a
fish poison. Fish will surface drugged. n. line; mark.
See: saeng'kugi.
'badlok n. silt left on a riverbank after
'baba v. carry s.t. or s.o. on the back; if high water recedes.
a basket, the straps are slung on the
shoulders. 'badow See main entry: 'baedow.
v. for animals to mate, the male riding 'badu See main entry: 'baju.
on the back of the female.
ba'dubu n. medium sized softwood tree
'bà-bà n. mouth. that bears small round purple and green
edible fruit the size of a marble with
'babae n. soul of a living person which four segments.
goes around harassing and harming
people, usually at night. 'badut v. uproot, yank or pull out s.t.
that is quite firmly implanted, such as a
baba'nganon n. medium sized tree with post or stick. OvSyn: 'dutdut, 'pispis.
fruit the size of tennis balls. Fruit is a
favorite food of hornbills. baè Variant: 'bayà. n. fortune; omen.
OvSyn: pama'lihi. See main entry:
babay'lanon See main entry: 'baylan. ti'mayà.
ba'bid adj. contrary, of a person; slow- 'bae-as n. tall, sharp bladed grass that
witted. grows in swampy places.
ba'bow n. top of s.t. ka'bae-asan n. place where 'bae-as
grass grows. Usually swampy lowlands.
'babow adj. shallow. Aff: ma-.
'baebag n. horizontal obstruction.
'babuy n. pig.
v. erect a horizontal obstruction.
maba'buy adj. of an area populated
with many wild pigs.
 18

n. basket like fish trap woven from 'baehiwey Variant: 'baehiwid;

bamboo strips placed horizontally in the 'bahiwey. v. misalign s.t. out of
water with the funnel entrance facing symmetry; place s.t. out of its proper
downwards. For small fish ('po-it). quadrilateral, equilateral, or isosceles
position.
'baebagan n. longitude; imaginary line
stretching north-south, that divides east 'baehiwid See main entry: 'baehiwey.
from west.
'baehiwoy n. strand; fiber.
'baebatà Variant: beybatà. n. young
teenage male around ten to twenty years 'bae-i n. parent of child's spouse.
of age. See main entry: 'batà.
mag'bae-i n. relationship between
'baebawan n. small melon about ten parents of a married couple.
inches long and four inches in diameter;
honeydew melon. Syn: an'timun. Edible baek See main entry: 'bayak.
flesh is yellow and slightly sweet.
bae'kiki Variant: ba'kiki. adj. black and
'baeboy v. play the drum. white color of a kind of chicken or bird.

n. rhythm. 'baeknan n. kind of large rectangular

basket carried on the back like a
'baeboy to 'gimbae n. specific rhythm. backpack. OvSyn: 'babahan. Made of
Some rhythms include the following: rattan, usually solid, with large outward
bi'naylan 'ritual dance'; facing double doors.
mi'nangguyangan 'war dance';
'binanug 'courtship dance'; 'baekung1 Variant: 'bakung. n. spider
pi'nandanggu 'ritual dance'; ba'limbà lily, a medicinal plant. Crinum
'social dance'; 'saut or si'neg 'war asiaticum. Leaves are long and thick.
dance'; ki'nampilan 'bolo war dance'. Flower is white. Stalk contains juice
used for medicine in treatment of
'baedi n. necklace. Usage: archaic. 'pasngu sickness or malaria.

'baedow Variant: 'badow. n. straight 'baekung2 Variant: 'bakung. n. large

double edged dagger with a blade about basket for storing rice or corn made
ten inches long. from the bark of the a'gahon tree.

bi'naedow n. dagger shaped peg in the 'baenak Variant: 'baenok. n. large

center of a fowl trap where the decoy silver freshwater mullet. Mugilidae.
bird is tied.
'baengas n. wild rambutan tree or fruit.
'baegbag v. meet s.o. at a certain place
by arrangement. OvSyn: 'tagbu. 'baengità adj. sensitive, of a person
who can see spirits and other invisible
'baegon n. rattan. beings; also of a person who easily
finds lost, missing or hidden objects;
v. gather rattan. perceptive; clairvoyant. See main entry:
'kità.
'Baehinoy n. name of a mythical
person.
 19

'baengog n. skull of a person or 'baetung n. cow peas; bean; string

animal. Syn: bobou'ngon, ya'ngag. beans; baguio beans.

'baengagon adj. large, of s.o.'s head. 'bae-ugtu See main entry: bi'yugtu.

'baengow n. rainbow. Believed to be a 'baga n. ember.

manifestation of the god of war. At one
end of the rainbow is a tortoise, about a v. heat metal.
fathom long.
'bagà n. lungs.
'baengsì See main entry: 'baensì.
ba'gaay n. kind of wine made with
'baenok See main entry: 'baenak. honey.

'baensì Variant: 'baengsì; ba'yansì. n. baga'baga n. kind of small reddish

thunderstorm. wasp that makes a mud nest.

v. for thunder and lightning to occur. ba'gad exis. is natural, traditional or

OvSyn: 'yugung. customary.

'baentì n. medium sized tree with large ba'gae n. stem of the ecmo vine. Used
leaves and branches like inverted as ingredient of betelnut quid instead of
tripods. Bark used for dyeing; pith in ecmo leaves if there are no leaves.
the middle of the trunk is soft and
foamy; wood easy to split; branches Baga'isan n. Bagaisan lake.
used as chair legs.
ba'gakis n. ritual belt worn by a priest
'bae-os v. for prepared food to spoil or or priestess. Made out of braided cords
turn rancid. of 'nitù vine strips and human hair;
bundles of dried aromatic herbs, seeds,
'bae-ot v. mix; mingle. OvSyn: sakot. bark, roots, shells and charms are
attached to it.
baes adj. rough. Aff: ma-, Ant: a'linoy,
'hinglis. ba'gakwang Variant: ba'kagwang. n.
spine; backbone.
'baetbat v. fence an area to keep out
animals which might spoil a crop. 'bag-ang n. molar.
OvSyn: 'aebat, 'ayad, ku'dae.
v. bite using the molars.
'baetik n. spear trap for catching large
animals (e.g. pigs, deer) or people. bi'nag-ang n. pandan leaves which
Consists of a sharpened stake attached have been stripped and are wider (about
to a young sapling which is bent back half inch wide) than the usual size of
and acts as a spring. stripped pandan leaves (about quarter
inch wide), so called because it is about
v. trap an animal with a 'baetik trap. the size of a molar. Used for weaving
large baskets and mats.
bae'tinow n. type of hard black stone in
river beds. ba'gani n. warrior. Refers to a man
who has killed many people. He is
 20

possessed by a spirit called taeg'busow ba'goyboy n. young flower of palm

who incites (pa'majà) him to kill. trees, especially betelnut. Used as
decoration for altars (ang'kawan,
baga'now n. puddle. 'angkow and 'angkae).

'bagdak v. force s.t. pointed downward 'bagsak n. mud.

with stabbing motion; kill an animal
with such a motion; pound s.t. into the adj. muddy.
ground such as a post or stick.
bag'sangan n. grey shrimp like
'bagdu See main entry: 'bagju. crustacean about six inches long with
medium sized pincers.
bagibi'tan n. water level line.
'bagtì v. for a branch of a tree to snap
'bag-id v. rub back and forth against or break; for s.o. to break off a branch
s.t. From: Cebuano. of a tree without tools.

ba'ginas n. trail left by a person or 'bagting v. make a ringing noise, as a

animal through grass or dirt. bell.

'bagjang n. large inedible elephant ear bag'tingan n. bell.

yam plant that grows in swampy places.
Used in stopping severe weather by 'bagtù v. for a dove to whinny or make
magic, by covering a tree stump with a a trilling sound. Usage: Adgawan
leaf; sap causes severe itching. dialect. When heard in the direction
ahead and two to three o'clock or nine to
'bagjaw v. roam around. ten o'clock from the perspective of a
traveller, it is considered a good omen.
'bagju Variant: 'bagdu. n. typhoon. If farther back, it is a bad omen.

'bagkos n. belt. v. for a turtle-dove to make a whinnying

sound from the direction two to three
v. wear a belt. An amulet is sometimes o'clock or nine to ten o'clock from the
placed in the belt during pregnancy to perspective of a traveller.
protect the baby and for easy delivery. Usage: Gibong dialect. Considered a
good omen.
'bagkot v. tie or bundle objects
together. 'bag-u adj. new, before.

n. s.t. used for tying or bundling objects bagu'bae v. beat s.o. or an animal
together. severely.

'bagnot n. grass. 'bagubagu interj. stop! earthquake!

exclamation uttered in the hopes of
ma'bagnot adj. grassy. stopping an earthquake.

'bagnus v. uproot a plant. bagu'dilà n. pancreas.

'bag-od v. arm wrestle. ba'gumbà n. kind of grass with sharp

bladed leaves that grows in big clumps.
 21

ba'gumbun See main entry: ba'gunbun. darkens as it ages. Used to hold rice
wine, sugar cane wine, etc.
ba'gunbun Variant: ba'gumbun. n. type
of sand consisting mostly of sand and n. sacred porcelain jar with tiger head
some plant residue; sandy loam. handles and dragon figures on the body.
Used as the seat for an inductee during
ba'gutbut v. complain. induction (yug'natan) as a chief or
warrior.
ba'guyus n. sound of strong wind.
n. wealth of a person as indicated by
'bagwae v. break up soil with a sharp possessions.
pointed stick.
baha'on v. sneeze.
'bagyoy n. bow and arrow used for
hunting small prey such as fish, fowl, v. abort journey. Abort a journey when
monkeys and lizards. Double or triple a person or animal in a travelling party
pronged barbed metal arrowhead is sneezes because of the belief that
attached to the arrow shaft (daga'sà) misfortune will befall if the journey
with a string and is detachable. continues.
Arrowhead will be embedded in the
prey, while the shaft serves as a float (in 'bahaw n. leftover or cold food.
water), called pa'taw, or an anchor (on
land). v. cool down to room temperature.

n. arrowhead. v. for emotion to subside.

ba'hada n. steep downhill grade. 'bahì n. fishtail palm. Caryota sp. Top
Syn: baki'lid. From: Spanish. is edible and also a source of tuba
('tunggang). Wood used as flooring.
ba'hae v. ferment tuba. Core used to propagate edible larvae
(a'batod).
n. coconut sap (tuba) that is highly
fermented but not yet vinegar. 'bahin1 v. divide.
Maintained as fermented tuba and not
vinegar by constant transfer of n. share.
container, removing the residue.
'bahin2 prep. about.
ba'hag n. g-string.
ba'hit v. for a wild pig to eat
pama'hag v. wear g-strings. agricultural crops.

'tamahag adj. of a person who always 'bahiwey See main entry: 'baehiwey.
and only wears g-strings.
'bahog v. warn or stop s.o. from doing
'bahan n. sawed lumber. s.t., usually s.t. bad or dangerous.

bi'nahan adj. sawn, of lumber. 'bahuy Variant: 'pahuy. v. stop wind,

rain, thunder and lightning by magic.
ba'handì n. jar made of 'tisà, which is Using a ladle for wind and rain; 'tubli
harder than clay. Silver in color but
 22

roots for lightning and thunder; and a bi'naju n. rice after pounding.
command to stop.
ba'jun v. approve or like s.t. that a
'bai n. female chief; title of a female person does; consider s.t. that a person
tribal leader. does right.

'baid v. ask permission from s.o. to 'baka n. cow.

leave or to do s.t.
'bakà n. jaw.
'bais n. kind of wine made by boiling
honey with water and adding a kind of 'bakad v. for the belly of a person to be
rhizome ('yangkuas). constipated.

ba'jà v. for a supernatural being to ba'kadan v. for s.o. to have

cause s.t. to happen, esp. to humans. constipation.
Aff: paN-.
ba'kae v. plant rice by drilling.
'bajà v. travel a certain route.
'bakae v. for a snake to bite s.o.
baja'anan n. passageway.
ba'kagwang Variant: ba'gakwang. n.
ba'jabas n. guava fruit. spine; backbone.

'bajad v. pay. ba'kaka n. large kingfisher which nests

in steep riverbanks.
n. charge.
'bakan n. kind of tree that bears
tingba'jad n. time to pay due debts. flowers only during the rainy season.
Litsea sp. Thought to cause cold-like
ba'jaku n. whistler; small brown insect disease in chickens.
eating bird. Pachycephala sp.
v. for chickens to suffer from a cold-like
ba'jaw Variant: ba'daw; ba'yaw. n. disease.
brother-in-law.
'bakas adj. industrious. Aff: ma-.
magba'jaw adj. the relation of two
males, one of which is a brother of the ba'key n. thumb or big toe.
other's wife.
'bakhoy adj. dry and tough, of cooked
From: Cebuano. starches such rice, sweet potato and
yams.
bajo'kò Variant: bako'kò. n. mumps;
double chin. ba'kì n. corn snack made from grated
young corn wrapped in corn sheaths and
'bajow v. raise. boiled.

ba'jawon v. raise. ba'kiki See main entry: bae'kiki.

'baju Variant: 'badu. v. pound with ba'kilid n. slope.

pestle, esp. rice.
 23

bina'kilid adj. for a pig to be laying on 'balbas v. shave hair from the face or
its side tied on the sacrificial table ready head.
to be sacrificed.
n. razor. From: Spanish.
ba'kit n. castrated pig.
'balhin v. transfer residence or objects
'baknà adj. half full. to another location.

'baknit v. trip outer layer off abaca. ba'li v. of two possible positions of s.t,
to be the wrong way.
ba'kod adj. for a part of the body such
as the eye or the belly to feel v. turn s.t. over, around, or inside-out.
uncomfortable, as when having foreign
particles under the lower eyelid. 'bali1 adv. finally.
Aff: ma-.
'bali2 n. value.
bako'kò See main entry: bajo'kò.
v. buy s.t. on credit.
bako'san n. python.
ba'libad v. make an excuse; refuse a
bi'nakosan n. kind of design in request.
weaving, beadwork and tatooing.
ba'lidbid n. tenderloin, muscles
'baktas v. walk a long distance. stretching along the spine.
Syn: po'tos.
ba'ligà v. enlist volunteer help.
'baktin n. piglet.
paba'ligà v. work voluntarily.
baku'kang n. cockroach.
ba'ligdà See main entry: ba'ligjà.
ba'kukang n. large skin ulcer.
ba'ligjà Variant: ba'ligdà. v. sell.
'bakung See main entry: 'baekung.
n. things for sale.
bak'yow v. raise hand/arm.
'balihow Variant: 'walihow. n. large
n. armband made of 'nitù vine or brass. hardwood tree with edible sour fruit.
Good for building materials.
bak'yawan n. arm.
bali'hukù n. fragrant medicinal herb.
bala'la adj. for bananas to have hard, OvSyn: 'kadlom, 'kadiyà.
reddish spots, indicating woody flesh.
OvSyn: 'bugtok. 'balik v. return. From: Cebuano.

ba'laod n. law. bali'kid v. turn s.t. around or over.

ba'law adj. yellow-orange colored with v. for situations to change.

white spots, of a chicken.
 24

bali'koskos v. wrap a cloth around the n. knife made out of a sliver of the outer
body; wrap a cloth around the body layer of bamboo. Used to cut the
unde the arms. umbilical cord or tobacco leaves.

bali'kù adj. crooked. ba'liskad v. turn s.t. over.

v. make s.t. crooked. ba'liskog n. collarbone.

ba'limbà n. kind of rhythm. ba'litaw interj. correct! exclamation of

agreement.
bali'ngag adj. contrary, of a person;
slow-witted. OvSyn: ba'bid. ba'litì n. balete tree ; strangler fig. The
root of this tree, when pounded, is good
ba'linggot v. tie tightly. for healing broken bones and sprains.

bali'ngotngot v. tie tightly so that it is bali'tongtong n. house beam where

difficult to undo. Idiom: Madali studs are attached.
ogkabalingot-ngot to apodu. ‘Become
easily upset.’. ba'litos n. vertical stripe on an animal.

balin--on Variant: ben--on. affix. ba'liya n. peg of a rooster trap

adjectival affix denoting having a (ka'liyas). There are four pegs in one
pronounced tendency towards the state trap.
or action expressed by the root.
bali'yahon n. pancreas.
ba'lintuad v. overturn s.t.
bali'yayà n. small black and white
ba'lintung v. tumble, flip or roll over insect eating bird with some yellow and
several times. Aff: na-. rose colored spots. Harpactes ardens.

ba'lintus v. tie a knot. 'balsa n. large raft; floating house.

n. knot. Traditionally, knots (usually on bal'sada v. haul s.t. on a sledge.

a rattan strip) were used to keep track of
time and activities, much like a 'balsahan n. sledge.
calendar.
ba'lulu n. kind of small freshwater fish
v. for potential fruit on a tree to bud in about ten inches long.
clusters, such as 'bugkà and 'kaepi.
'bamban Variant: 'banban. n. kind of
ba'liog n. choker worn around the neck plant from which cord for sewing nipa
made of beads. is obtained. Outer layer is stripped and
made into cords.
'bal-is v. sliver or strip off the outer
layer of bamboo. 'bambu n. walking cane.

n. strips or slivers of the outer layer of 'bana n. husband.

bamboo. Used in weaving.
ba'nà v. give or host a party or special
meal in honor of s.o.
 25

'banaba n. medium sized hardwood 'banggat n. medicinal plant. Used to

medicinal tree. Bears violet or pink treat teething, fever and diarrhea, boil
flowers; dry leaf is used for kidney cure, and drink. Grows in a clump with stems
boil and drink; bark is used for radiating out at angles from the center.
dysentery and other similar diseases,
boil and drink. 'banggut v. tie up s.t. or an animal
securely in a bundle so that it may be
ba'nae adj. for a trail to be clear. easily carried.
Aff: ma-.
ba'ngil See main entry: ba'ngey.
'banagan n. dragonfly.
ba'ngis v. embarrass s.o.
bana'ulì v. cure s.o. from sorcery.
Potions or ointments are used as a cure 'bangkà n. large dugout canoe, usually
for victims of sorcery such as 'kumitan carved out from a ya'nipgà tree.
or 'yumajan.
bang'kasu n. spirit altar in the sky.
'banban See main entry: 'bamban. Considered invisible to ordinary people
except priests (di'watahan).
'bandog n. radiance.
n. hanging altar, a replica of the spirit
ba'nga v. for a house or field to remain altar in the sky. Open square or
unfinished. triangular box suspended by strings
from the corners connected to a single
'banga n. kind of poisonous palm point on a rope. Figures of rooster crests
found in the forest. adorn the corners. Young coconut
fronds adorn the sides.
'bangan v. ambush or wait for s.o.
along a path; block or put s.t. across a 'bangkolid v. for the sun (or moon) to
path. be in the position of early afternoon;
that is, after it has passed directly
ba'nganba'ngan2 n. kind of large and overhead, about one to two o'clock in
poisonous mushroom. the afternoon. Usage: archaic.

ba'ngan-ba'ngan1 v. defend s.o. 'bangkù n. bench. From: Cebuano.

verbally to s.o. who does not yet know
the offense, without stating the offense. 'bangkung1 n. bolo used formerly in
war.
ba'ngas adj. bald on the top only.
'bangkung2 v. hit s.o. very hard in the
'bangbang v. notch steps on a tree or a back with a stick.
slope.
'bangun v. rise from a lying position.
ba'ngey v. chock s.t. to prevent it from
rolling; elevate s.t. by placing s.t. under bangun'bangun n. shrub like medicinal
it. plant. Leaves heated until withered and
used as a poultice bound around sprains,
n. s.t. used as a chock or to elevate s.t. dislocated bones or broken bones.
Idiom: Igbangey to gotok. ‘Food (Lit.
Stomach filler).’. ba'ngus n. milkfish. From: Cebuano.
 26

'banhod v. for a part of the body to feel 'banwa n. place; home; world.
numb.
n. honeycomb.
'banlod v. imprison. From: Cebuano
banlud. ma'banwa adj. large, of a honeycomb
or insect nest.
ban'sagon1 v. shout in anger; shout
expletives; speak loudly in anger. Ban'waon n. name of an ethnic group.

ban'sagon2 n. term-of-address. 'banyus n. ointment.

'bansiyad n. female monkey. pa'manyus v. rub s.t. on the body, esp.

ointment.
'banswit v. whistle loudly with fingers
in the mouth (to call s.o.). 'baod v. warn.

banta'ngali n. large hardwood tree n. warning.

usually found with woodpecker holes.
Parrots and other birds usually nest in ba'ratu adj. cheap. From: Cebuano.
these holes.
'baryu n. small community under the
banta'uyan n. carabao grass. jurisdiction of a municipality. From:
Spanish.
'bantoy n. tutelary deity.
'basa v. read.
n. guard.
ba'sà adj. wet.
v. guard.
'basag adj. hard.
'bantug n. fame.
ba'sak v. cultivate lowland rice field.
v. boast. From: Cebuano.

'bantut n. effeminate male. 'basbas1 v. chip away protruding or

excess parts of wood with a bolo,
ba'nug n. hawk. making it smooth.

'binanug n. kind of courtship dance. binasba'san n. wood which has been

smoothed by a bolo.
'banugon adj. reddish-brown color, of
a chicken. bi'nasbas n. wood chips.

ba'nuut n. bundle of coconut sheath 'basbas2 v. train a dog to hunt game.

fibres used as an insect repellent when By letting a young dog go hunting with
burnt. Made from the sheath of the old dogs.
coconut flower, which is dried and cut
into strips, then tied together as a 'basi adv. maybe.
bundle. Burns very slowly, producing
smoke. One bundle may last up to two ba'sikung n. medium sized softwood
days. tree. Trunk may be tapped for drinking
 27

water. Fruit usually eaten by deer and Some priests might rub the object on
bu'titok parrakeets. Places where this their forehead to aid visualization of the
tree grows are considered fertile. cause of an illness during a healing
ceremony. A midwife would rub it on
'basloy n. broom. her forehead to prevent blindness.

'basta conj. provided; mark my word; v. for s.o. to give a personal object to a
as long as. priest, priestess, midwife, or other such
person.
'basu n. drinking glass. From: Spanish.
'batà n. child.
'basue1 Variant: 'basuy. v. blame;
regret; repent. ba'tad n. corn.

'basue2 Variant: 'basuy. n. watery or 'batang n. decaying fallen tree.

pus filled blister, usually caused by
abrasion. ba'tan-on n. young adult.
Syn: 'baebatà. From: Cebuano.
'basuy See main entry: 'basue.
ba'tasan n. custom; tradition.
'baswat v. lift s.t. from the ground up
to the shoulders. bat'hajan n. small snare trap usually for
birds or sometimes civet cats set on the
ba'ta n. charm like object, usually branch of a tree.
metal, used to negate evil effects. Must
be a personal belonging of the giver. 'batì v. feel s.t. physically or
Usually a coin, pin, or other small emotionally.
object. Given by a single young man or
woman, or married person who is in an ba'til n. small kind of dugout canoe
illicit relationship, to a priest or which seats one.
priestess upon entering the house of that
priest or priestess. Also given by a ba'tiyà n. wooden basin.
woman in labor to the widwife doing
the delivery or by the husband of the 'batong n. long net trap for catching
pregnant woman. And, given by an wild pigs and deer. About fifty to a
initiate in a ceremony to the person hundred meters long and a meter and a
conducting the ceremony, usually a half high. Placed across game trails.
priest or priestess. This is given to Game is chased into the net with the
negate evil effects on the receiver, help of dogs.
usually illness (or, blindness in the case
of a midwife). If it is given by the bato'tolì See main entry: buto'tolì.
husband of a pregnant woman to the
midwife, it is to negate the effects of his ba'tu n. stone.
sins on the baby and his wife, and the
midwife will rub the object on the belly batu'batu n. kidney.
of his wife. This gift is expected
protocol and may be demanded by the 'batug n. undeveloped egg found inside
receiver if not given. The receiver a bird.
usually rubs it on his or her own body,
usually where there are aches or pains.
 28

'batuk v. find or retrieve s.t. that was 'bayak Variant: baek. v. meet or find
hidden by oneself or, if hidden by s.o. s.o.
else, which the retriever knows the
location of; go or return s.w. to retrieve hi'bayak v. for people to meet
s.t. hidden. accidentally.

batu'kanan n. specific hiding place for hig'baekan; hi'baekan n. road junction.

objects, usually regularly used.
'bay-an v. leave s.t. or s.o. alone.
batukbatu'kan v. play hide and seek. Aff: pa--an.

'batun v. pull s.t. or s.o. upwards. bay'-ani v. leave it alone!

bau-'bau n. kind of insect, ladybug. 'bay-ang n. kind of softwood tree used

in the manufacture of matches,
'baug v. apply a poultice to a boil or toothpicks and spatulas.
other skin disease.
ba'yansì See main entry: 'baensì.
ba'ungon n. pomelo. From: Cebuano
baungun. ba'yaw See main entry: ba'jaw.

ba'uu n. turtle. Bay'bajan n. name of a mythical

person.
bina'uu n. design in weaving,
beadmaking, and tattooing following 'bayhù n. face of a person or animal.
the carapace design of the turtle.
n. kind. From: Cebuano.
'bawe adj. square shaped.
'baylan n. shaman, priest, priestess or
bi'nawe adj. rectangular. spirit medium.

'bawhang v. for a dog to bark. bi'naylan n. kind of rhythm; kind of

dance.
'bawì n. large red bushy plant with
small round fruit. Fruit used as pellets 'baylu v. exchange; barter.
for childrens' bamboo air-guns.
ba'yod n. wave of water.
ba'wog n. trap spring usually made out
of a long slender shaft of wood or bayod'bayod n. dance performed by
sapling. Traps which use this spring Manobo from near the Agusan-
include 'baetik, bat'hajan, 'bayod, and Bukidnon boundary.
'lit-ag.
'bayod n. noose trap for small animals.
'bawog v. for s.t. long and slender to Noose is suspended from poles crossed
bend like a trap spring. in an A-shape. This kind of trap can
catch rats, lizards, wild chickens, rats,
'baya n. kind of rattan used for tying reptiles.
and weaving of baskets and fish traps.
n. prison cell.
'bayà See main entry: baè.
 29

ba'yongkag See main entry: 'bengkag. 'bayus v. clean off the soft unused core
of rattan strips by scraping with a blade.
'bayos v. reciprocate good or evil;
reply; revenge. bayu'wow See main entry: bayu'yow.

ba'yot n. tobacco quid. ba'yuy n. pandanus palm. The leaves

are used in weaving mats, hats and
ba'yow1 adj. fluent and articulate, of a baskets.
speaker and discussion leader. Aff: ma-.
'bayuy v. change appearance.
ba'yow2 n. apitong, kind of hardwood
tree used in construction. Sap is used for bayu'yow Variant: bayu'wow. n.
lighting fuel and for sealing boat hulls. medium sized softwood tree. Flowers
once a year around February. Two
'bayoy n. house. events are associated with the flowering
of this tree. One is that chickens get sick
'bayu n. widow; widower. with mucus in the throat
('pukdow/'bakan). The other is that
ba'yù v. torment by evil spirit. wild boars caught at this time are
smelly.
'bayù v. investigate an unidentified
noise. tig'bayuyow exis. flowering season of
the bayu'yow tree, usually February
'bayud n. gray dove; gray. when it gets cold.

bayu'don adj. bluish grey color, of 'bebos v. wave s.t. back and forth, such
chicken. Color of a certain dove as a fire-torch, palm frond or
('bayud). See main entry: 'bayud. handkerchief.

ba'yugtu See main entry: bi'yugtu. 'begbog v. throw s.t. with one or two
hands.
ba'yugu n. kind of vine which grows
along riverbanks. Stem is pounded, bek Variant: bo'yok. n. color.
mixed with water, and a bubbly juice is
extracted and used as a shampoo or ma'bek adj. colorful.
soap.
'bengkag Variant: ba'yongkag. n. mane
ba'yuk adj. bent. of a pig (usually only wild boars have
manes) or horse; pig's hair. Pig's mane
bayu'kow n. long climbing bamboo can be made into a necklace or bracelet.
about an inch in diameter with prickly
segments about ten inches long. ben--on See main entry: balin--on.
Segments contain much water which is
used for drinking when in the forest. 'benù Variant: ba'yunù. n. tree and fruit
Segments are split lengthwise and made that looks like mango, but green with a
into rim clamps when weaving baskets. fibrous rounded seed.

ba'yunù See main entry: 'benù. ber'hinas Variant: biling'hinas;

biring'hinas. n. eggplant.
 30

'Bernis n. Friday. From: Spanish. 'bigà n. sexual urge.

bes Variant: bo'yos. v. borrow. big'tanà n. kind of lizard that jumps

from tree to tree with ribs extended like
'betu See main entry: 'beytu. wings.

'bewang n. durian seed with the fruit 'bigtow v. break s.t. long and narrow.
still sticking to it.
'bigtujan n. edible fungus that grows
beybatà See main entry: 'baebatà. on dead plants during the wet season.
Emits a flourescent light ('aemag) at
'beytu Variant: 'betu. n. boat made night.
from a carved tree trunk.
'bigwas v. slash or stab s.o. with a
'biad v. for the back of a person or weapon unexpectedly, without warning.
animal to arch backward or curve
concavely, such as a pregnant woman or 'bihag v. capture.
pig, or a horse with many riders.
n. captive.
'bibi n. metal tool used in harvesting
rice. Syn: ka'lut. bi'ka v. roast s.t. by placing it beside
the fire, usually root crops.
v. harvest rice by cutting each head
individually. 'bikad v. spread the legs wide apart.

'bibitan n. beater; reed; flat piece of 'bikog1 n. leaf vein.

wood used to compress the weft threads
in the waist loom. 'bikog2 v. get a cramp in a muscle.

'bibu adj. merry; lively; joyful. 'bilà n. peace agreement between

feuding parties.
'bibug v. cook rice porridge.
'bilang v. count.
bi'nibug; bi'nubug n. rice porridge.
bi'las Variant: i'las. n. If you are a man,
'bidbid v. twist; wring. the husband of your wife's sister is your
bi'las. The wife of your wife's brother is
'bidjù Variant: 'bidyù. n. harpoon NOT your bi'las. If you are a woman,
driven by a rubber band. you should NOT call either the wife or
the husband of your husband's brother
pa'midjù v. fish with a harpoon under or sister bi'las. The above definition
water using goggles. may be the traditional view. Some men
call the wife of their wife's brother
'bidù v. tease s.o. to the point of tears bi'las. Some women call the wife or
or anger. husband of their husband's brother or
sister bi'las. Some people consider
ma'bidù adj. of a person or spirit who these latter usages incorrect usage of the
persistently teases people. word bi'las, noting that 'idas is the right
term. See: 'idas.
'bidyù See main entry: 'bidjù.
 31

'bilas n. dirt that forms in the eye. 'bingà v. bend the gape of a fish hook
wider or narrower; for a hook to pull
pang'himilas v. rub eye dirt out of the and straighten while fishing.
eye.
bi'ngas adj. hare-lipped, of one whose
bila'sà adj. greedy, of s.o. who eats a upper lip is split; be shy, as if one is
lot all the time. hare-lipped.

'bilin v. leave s.t. or s.o. behind. v. for lips to be split.

Syn: 'tuus.
'bingbing v. twist s.o.'s ear.
bi'ling v. separate gold dust from sand
by panning. 'bingkung n. adze with the blade at an
angle to the handle, looks like a heavy
bi'lingan n. round, concave wooden hoe. Used to carve dugout canoes and
disk for panning gold. coffins.

biling'hinas See main entry: ber'hinas. 'bingwit v. fish with hook and line.

'bil-og v. hinder s.o. from voicing, n. hook and line.

speaking or singing. Usage: archaic.
'binhì n. seed for planting.
bi'lu n. soot.
tagu'binhi n. old seed.
bi'nadbad n. kind of rhythm.
'binokà n. bamboo or wooden carving
bi'naengoy n. banana sp. Musa of a crocodile.
sapientum var. lacatan.
bi'nokyad See main entry: bi'nukyad.
bina'hanan n. kind of design in cloth
weaving. 'binsae v. mutilate flesh, skin or ears
by tearing. Ears of slaves used to be
bina'jaay n. drinking party with notched as a mark of identification.
dancing and singing. Party prepared for Now only applied to domestic animals.
close friends. Often the host mixes There is an ant (ami'minsae) which
some rice and viand and gives a handful mutilates flesh.
of this to his guest.
bin'tanà n. window. From: Cebuano.
bi'nanga n. kind of rice with large
white grains, husk is also white. 'binti Variant: 'bintis. n. kind of small
kingfisher. Ceyx and/or Alcedo. Four
bi'nangkung n. large war bolo. times smaller than a 'saegsag.

bi'nanlawod n. kind of dance. 'bintis See main entry: 'binti.

bi'nantak v. threaten to harm s.o. 'binu n. wine; alcoholic beverage.

From: Spanish.
'binayuy n. kind of green banana eaten
cooked when unripe or ripe, or raw binu'bungan Variant: limbu'bungan. n.
when ripe. ridge of a roof.
 32

'binug n. ground composed of boggy v. visit with s.o. at his or her house.
mud. From: English.

bi'nukyad Variant: bi'nokyad. n. type 'bislay adj. mute. Syn: po'hà. From:
of plait like weave design for rattan or Cebuano.
vines. For rattan, this weave is usually
constructed from a single strand. This 'bisti n. clothes.
rattan weave is commonly used for
ferrules of tools and weapons. Vine v. put clothes on; saddle a horse. From:
weave is made into bracelets, armbands Spanish.
and legbands for men.
'bistiga v. for an official to investigate
bi'nuli v. do s.t. futile or useless. s.o. From: English.

bi'nuta n. medium sized kind of round 'bisuk n. mucus; nasal discharge.

short basket woven out of pandan
leaves. Reinforced with rattan strips and 'biswak v. for a boil or internal organ
sealed with tabun'tabun seeds. Usually to burst.
used to contain personal belongings.
'bita n. tadpole.
biring'hinas See main entry: ber'hinas.
bi'tan-ag n. kind of medium sized
bi'saya v. for the spokesman of the medicinal softwood tree which grows
potential bridegroom to propose along riverbanks. Cambium layer
marriage to the father of the potential scraped, boiled and drunk as medicine
bride; for the various spokesmen in a for cough and fever. Wood is good for
marriage proposal to discuss the carving.
marriage. The family of the potential
bridegroom will hire a spokesman to bi'tas v. leave s.t. or s.o. behind.
propose marriage to the father of the
potential bride. The father of the nabi'tas v. lag behind.
potential bride may or may not hire a
spokesman to continue discussions. The bi'taug n. kind of medium sized
first approach is for consent for the softwood tree which grows along
marriage. If consent is given, in riverbanks.
essence, the subsequent discussions will
be about the bride-price which the 'bitbit v. carry s.t. such that it dangles.
family of the potential groom will give
to the family of the potential bride. The 'bitì n. disease of the eye characterised
first approach and all subsequent by a white growth in the eye; white
discussion is called bi'saya. The growth in the eye which can obstruct
discussions are often full of idiomatic vision.
expressions.
v. for s.o. to have a white growth in the
bi'sayu n. rhinoceros beetle. pupil of the eye. Often treated in early
stages by dripping the sap of the
'bisgù n. problem. sigun'dina plant onto the growth.

bi'sita n. visitor. Syn: 'saka. bi'tiis n. calf of the leg.

 33

bi'tik v. leave a long line or trail of s.t. bi'yugtu Variant: 'bae-ugtu; ba'yugtu;
'buegtu. n. rainbow. Syn: 'baengow.
'bitok n. roundworm. Usage: archaic.

v. be afflicted with worms. 'biy-us Variant: 'bius; 'bue-us. v.

accompany s.o. while travelling.
'bitoy v. hang.
'boak v. break s.t. open.
n. string used in hanging mosquito nets.
bobou'ngon n. skull.
'bitu n. pit; deep hole in the ground.
'bodbod n. kind of sweet made from
bi'tuon n. star. root crops or glutinous rice mixed with
coconut milk and wrapped in banana
bini'tuon n. kind of design in leaves and boiled.
embroidery, beadwork and tatooing.
'bodos v. for a woman or female
'bitut n. boil on the skin. mammal to be pregnant, especially if it
is evident from appearance.
'bius See main entry: 'biy-us.
bo'gas n. polished rice.
'biwhù v. stab downward with a spear
or bolo to kill a sacrificial pig. n. fruit.

n. hole in the side of a drum. ma'bogas adj. fruitful, of a tree.

'biyà1 v. separate from s.o. or s.t. 'bog-at adj. heavy.

formerly highly valued (e.g. spouse,
house). n. weight.

panabi'yà v. say farewell to s.o. 'bogbog adj. intense, of rain, wind,

flood, famine, fever and sickness.
'biyà2 n. larva of an insect which eats Aff: ma-.
the flesh of young coconuts.
'boghà v. get heartburn.
bi'yajà adv. even if.
'boghat v. for s.o. to get a relapse of a
'biyod n. roe; cluster of fish eggs found sickness; for s.o. to get sick after
in the belly of a fish; fish ovaries. recovering from a sickness; for a
woman who has just given birth to get
interj. invert an eyelid to expose the red sick, usually from bleeding.
inner part of the eyelid which looks like
fish ovaries. Kind of funny face made at 'bogjas n. kind of funnel shaped woven
people who have had a mild accident. fish trap about two feet long and a foot
in diameter. Usually for catching catfish
n. kind of fine yellow rice that looks ('pantat) when baited with termites and
like roe. ants wrapped in banana leaves. Placed
facing downstream.
ma'miyod adj. of a fish with full
ovaries. 'bogkot v. tie.
 34

n. s.t. used for tying. 'bokbok2 v. pound grain such as rice or

corn into powder.
'bognà n. kind of harwood tree used
medicinally. Cambium layer is scraped bi'nokbok n. rice or corn which is first
and juice extracted for treating white dry fried, finely pounded, then mixed
fever sores in mouth. with sugar cane syrup, and wrapped in
dried banana leaves. Common trail food
bo'gon n. goiter. which lasts a long time.

bo'goy v. give. bo'kog n. bone.

'bogsang v. have high fever. 'bokos v. wrap s.t. for roasting, usually
fish or meat with banana or a'nahaw
'bogtak v. break; crack open. palm leaves.

'bogtok v. for the sun or moon to reach 'bokton n. arm; forearm.

its zenith.
'bokyad See main entry: 'bukyad.
'bogtong v. twist s.t. very hard in order
to break it apart. In the story of 'bokyas v. gather clothes or similar
Mangondo, a small but strong wire was materials which have been hung out to
used to bind Mangondo after his dry.
subjects bound him with strong rattan in
vain. bo'lad n. dried salt-water fish.
Syn: 'daing. From: Cebuano.
'bohi n. female; girl; woman.
'boli v. buy.
bo'hu Variant: bo'huk. n. cotton like
fluff obtained from the outer portion of 'bonae1 v. give s.t. as an appeasement
the heart of fishtail or cabonegro palms. to an offended one so that the offender
Used as kindling in starting fires with can be released from liability.
flint and steel ('titilan). Prepared as
kindling by thorough drying and mixing v. be satisfied or pleased with s.o.
with ash from pandan leaves. Aff: na--an.

bo'hù adj. bad smelling. 'bonae2 pound fiber so that it can be

woven.
bo'hug v. feed animals.
'bondak v. do s.t. forcefully (as putting
bo'huk See main entry: bo'hu. s.t. down); speak hurtfully.

bo'hus v. repel unwanted animals. bonga-'bonga v. refuse to entertain a

visitor.
bo'kas v. for an animal to spring a trap;
for a trap to spring; attack s.o. by bong'à-bongà v. stammer, esp. due to
surprise. shyness or fear; hesitate to speak, esp.
when afraid to tell the truth.
'bokbok1 See main entry: 'bukbuk.
bo'ngey adj. deaf.
 35

bo'ngit n. kind of small black nocturnal botang-'botang v. beat a certain kind of

bird. Much smaller than a crow and rhythm.
believed to be possessed by evil spirits
to bother people in the evening, bo'tì n. vagina.
especially during moonlit nights,
making a scary sound (ngit... ngit... 'bot-oy n. pound rice the first time
ngit...). through.

'bongkag v. break; destroy; abort a bo'tu v. burst.

fetus intentionally; miscarry.
bo'-ue n. pubic area.
bo'ngot n. beard; facial hair
(mustache). See: po'ngot. 'boung n. coconut shell with small
opening used as a cup.
'bongyoy v. clear newly harvested rice
field; clear a newly harvested field of bo'ungon n. pomelo. From: Cebuano.
leftover growth.
bo'yà v. split wood.
'bonhong adj. slow to respond.
bo'yad1 v. dry.
'bonos v. reinforce a woven pandan
container with rattan or nito. bo'yad2 n. hand.

'bonot n. river debris left in a pile. bo'yang n. beam of a boat.

'bontas n. hunger; famine. 'boyas adj. naked.

v. be hungry. 'boyat v. spread out s.t. which can open

flat, but not flowers.
Ma'kabon'tasay n. name of a
malevolent spirit who creates famine. bo'yok See main entry: bek.

'bontey v. slash a long object 'boyong1 v. be surprised.

perpendicularly.
'boyong2 v. experience or discover the
'bonyag v. baptize. absence of s.o. or s.t.

bo'ot v. decide. bo'yos See main entry: bes.

n. will; conscience. bo'yoy v. be tired of doing s.t. or

waiting. Syn: 'abyoy.
bo'otan adj. good in character; kind;
honest. bo'yù n. anger.

'botad v. serve food. v. be angry.

bo'tang n. things. kabo'yù n. anger.

v. put s.t. or s.o. somewhere. ka'bean; kabo'yuan scold.

 36

bu'ad See main entry: bu'wad. 'budjak n. spear that is prized by the
owner. Usually used only during war.
'buad adj. thrifty. Aff: ma-.
'budjung n. horn made from large
bu'ada See main entry: bu'aja. shells or long tubes. Formerly used for
signalling.
bu'aja Variant: bu'ada. n. crocodile.
'budon Variant: 'budun. n. honeybee
binu'aja n. bamboo or wooden carving larvae still in the comb or extracted
of a crocodile. from the comb; honeycomb with larvae
still in the comb.
n. kind of design in embroidery,
beadwork and tattooing. 'buduk See main entry: 'bujuk.

bu'ang adj. crazy; foolish; mad. budu'kut See main entry: buju'kut.

'bubi See main entry: 'bubue. 'budun See main entry: 'budon.

'bubu n. kind of funnel shaped woven 'budung See main entry: 'bujung.
fish trap about six feet long and more
than a foot in diameter. Much larger 'buegtu See main entry: bi'yugtu.
than 'bogjas.
bueng Variant: bu'yung. v. be satisfied.
bubu'ae v. for s.o. to act disgruntled,
murmuring and stomping the feet, but bues Variant: bu'yus. n. pole; unit of
still obeying instructions. s.t. long such as logs, bamboo or sugar
cane.
'bubue Variant: 'bubi; 'bubuy;
'buwibuwi. n. hair; feathers; fur. 'bue-us See main entry: 'biy-us.

'bubunbun adj. for the direction of the bu'ga v. spit s.t. out forcefully.
whinnying sound of the turtle-dove to
come from the direction just above the 'bugà n. pulverized lime used for
forehead directly ahead from the betelnut quid.
perspective of a traveller. Considered a
bad omen. 'bugae n. sow.

bu'bung n. cover on the ridge of a roof. buga'huk adj. voracious in eating.

bu'bungan n. mountain. bu'gakhoy See main entry: bu'kaghoy.

'bubuy See main entry: 'bubue. 'bugbug v. concentrate.

bu'buyung n. medicine. 'bugdang v. start; begin.

bu'dag See main entry: bu'jag. kabinug'dangan n. beginning.

bu'dakan n. kind of vine with broad 'bugkà n. lansones tree or fruit.

leaves. Vine used for tying.
tingpa'mugka n. season for lansones.
 37

'bugkut v. pull. 'buhì n. domesticated animal.

bu'gow v. guard an area to chase away 'buhin v. remove.

animals.
bu'isan adj. dangerous.
n. scarecrow; one who watches the rice
field from birds. bu'jag Variant: bu'dag. n. old woman.

'bugtì adj. different. Syn: 'yain. 'bujù1 v. ask.

v. separate. pa'mujù v. ask s.o. for s.t.

'bugtok1 n. ear wax. 'bujù2 n. ecmo vine. Leaf is used for

betelnut quid.
'bugtok2 adj. for bananas to have hard,
reddish spots, indicating woody flesh. bi'nujù n. kind of design in cloth
Aff: -on, OvSyn: bala'la. weaving and embroidery.

'bugtue n. lower abdomen of birds. 'bujuk Variant: 'buduk. v. bend.

bu'guk adj. rotten, of eggs. buju'kut Variant: budu'kut. v. be bent.

adj. dull, of a student. Usage: idiomatic. binu'jukut; binu'dukut n. roasted

mudfish with scales on, mouth and tail
n. egg that does not hatch. bound together.

v. for work to be left unfinished. 'bujung Variant: 'budung. v. defile,

render unfit for sacred use, especially of
'bugwas v. cleanse and soften cloth, sacred knives.
usually by soaking in lime water.
bu'kà v. foam at the mouth as during
v. pay a fine for dishonoring a woman. an epileptic fit. Syn: bu'yà.

'buhae interj. oh no! exclamation of bu'kad v. uproot a tree or pole,

disgust at s.o. leaving s.o. or s.t. alone, toppling it so that it lies on its side.
or for not doing s.t. good.
'bukad v. attack.
bu'hat v. clear a burnt field of debris.
'bukae n. woven ferrule.
bu'haton branches and other debris left
behind in a field after burning. n. lansones flower. Looks like a woven
ferrule.
bu'hì adj. alive.
bu'kaes Variant: bu'kayas. adj. prolific,
v. ignite; revive. of a hen, laying eggs soon after hatching
the previous brood.
bi'nuhì n. foster child, one who is
cared for by s.o. other than the parents 'bukag v. drive away things that come
or immediate family (can be applied to in a group, such as bees or enemies.
animals).
 38

bu'kaghoy Variant: bu'gakhoy. adj. bu'kus adj. uncircumcised, of a male.

airy, fluffy or loose in texture, such as
soil, cooked rice or a cake. v. sheath s.t. cylindrical in leaves for
roasting over coals, such as a fish or
bu'kakung n. large basket for storing durian flesh.
rice or corn made from the bark of the
a'gahon tree. Syn: 'baekung. 'bukyad Variant: 'bokyad. v. spread out
or unfold s.t. flat; for a flower to bloom.
'bukas v. for morning to come. Aff: ka-
. 'bula n. ball. From: Cebuano.

kabukas-'bukas n. early dawn, when bu'lakat n. uncastrated boar.

first light appears. Syn: 'butù. Usage: Binukid dialect.

v. do s.t. through daybreak. Aff: na--an. bu'law adj. brown colored, of a pig.

bu'kayas1 v. for bees to leave the hive n. albino animal or person.

after larvae have metamorphosed and
honey has been consumed. Occurs bu'lig1 v. help s.o.
seasonally during the dry season around
May. bu'lig2 n. bunch of bananas.

bu'kayas2 See main entry: bu'kaes. bulig'tanan adj. fatal, of venoms,

poisons and evil spirits.
'bukbuk Variant: 'bokbok. n. boring
insects such as woodborers or weevils. bu'likat v. open wide s.t. slit like such
as eye, mouth, thighs, female genitals.
'bukdu n. bulge or mound.
interj. exclamation at s.o. indicating that
v. for s.t. to bulge. Syn: 'buknue. that person got the deserved
punishment, accompanied with the
'bukliad v. flee suddenly from s.t. or action of pulling down one's lower
s.o. eyelid at the person.

'bukni See main entry: 'buknue. v. pull down one's lower eyelid at s.o.,
saying "bu'likat"; rejoice at s.o.'s
'buknue Variant: 'bukni. n. bulge or misfortune.
mound.
bubuli'kat v. for a woman to sit
v. for s.t. to bulge. Syn: 'bukdu. exposing her genitals.

'bukow See main entry: 'bungkow. bu'ling n. soot.

bu'ku n. node of a tree, bamboo or bu'lingit adj. dirty, of a face.

cane; knot. See: bu'ling; bu'ngit.

bu'kubuku n. ankle. 'bulit n. caulking substance.

bu'kugan adv. swiftly, of chasing or bu'lit v. seal a crack or hole with a

being chased. viscous substance.
 39

'bulsa n. pocket. From: Spanish. attached to the basket itself (not

removeable).
'bumba1 n. bomb.
bung'kayù v. dry fry sago palm starch.
v. denounce publicly. From: English.
binung'kayù n. dry fried sago starch.
'bumba2 n. pump used to pump air or
water. From: English. 'bungkow1 Variant: 'bukow. n. medium
sized tree bearing pods containing two
'bumbay n. onion. From: Hindi or three large round, flat seeds. Children
Bombay. make spinning toys from the seeds.
Seed is also used as the flywheel in the
bu'najuk n. rolls of fat around the waist cotton spinning process.
or under the chin; paunch.
'bungkow2 n. small owl-like bird with
bu'nanat v. acquire an animal or plant big eyes.
for breeding or propagating.
'bungkù v. reach the end or boundary
'bunat adj. slow-moving, of a person. of a place, such as a road, river or
mountain top.
'bunga-bunga n. heart.
bung'kuan n. boundary; goal; end of
'bungbung1 n. tassel like flower of the line.
plants such as corn, sugar cane or
'tigbow grass. bu'ngue adj. non-talkative.

'bungbung2 n. tang of a blade such as a bu'nguyan n. kind of long green

bolo or spear, the part that fits into the banana which turns lighter green when
handle. ripe. Eaten raw.

'bunggan v. cook s.t. in a fire, wrapped 'bungyuy n. kind of softwood tree with
in leaves and placed on the coals. long pods and winged seeds. Wood
used for carving religious artifacts.
bi'nungganan n. s.t. cooked in a fire
wrapped in leaves. 'bunlow v. anoint the head with oil.

'bunggù v. hit an obstacle in the way. n. hair-oil.

bu'ngit n. dirt on the face. bu'nog v. overwork to the point of

death. Usage: archaic.
'bungkae n. piece of woven rattan or
'nitù vine which acts as a cover, and bu'now n. egg yolk.
regulator or shaker of a lime container
('tangtang), a piece of betelnut quid 'bunsud v. for a tree or bamboo plant
equipment. Some women place sewing to fall with the cut end into the ground
needles inside the 'bungkae to prevent first, when cut, before the rest of the
the needles from rusting. tree falls. Dangerous to the one who
cuts.
n. decorative cover for a 'kambue
basket woven from rattan strips and
 40

pig'bunsudan n. place where the cut 'bunyud n. moss.

end of a tree hits the ground if it falls
cut end first. Idiom: pig'bunsudan to v. for s.t. to be covered with moss.
'yangit ‘horizon; place where the sky
meets the earth at the edge of the 'bunyug v. for s.o. to decide or commit
world’; pig'bunsudan to 'bubungan ‘foot to do s.t.
of a mountain’.
ka'bunyug v. commit to do s.t. in vain.
bunta'taè Variant: bunta'tayà. n. any
very bright heavenly body other than pa'bunyug v. for s.o. to stand s.o. else
the sun, moon, or smaller stars, up, not showing at a prearranged
including the morning/evening star, meeting.
shooting stars and comets.
bu'sae v. speak harshly.
bunta'tayà See main entry: bunta'taè.
bu'sak v. call down a curse from a
bun'tatok v. meet a friend after a long supernatural power.
time without seeing one another.
'busbus v. pour s.t. that is dry, grainy
'buntit n. pot belly of a man. and heavy, such as rice, corn or sand.

bun'titon adj. of a man with a pot belly. na'musbus v. for rice panicles to come
out of the stem, a stage in rice growth.
bunti'yak n. pot belly of a man.
bu'sikad adj. satisfied or full with food.
bunti'yakon adj. of a man with a pot Usage: archaic.
belly.
bu'silow n. sty on the eye.
'buntud n. kind of dark violet colored
rice. Two kinds: Glutinous and non- busi'sow v. urinary affliction
glutinous. characterised by constant passing of
urine.
adj. violet colored, the color of 'buntud
rice. 'buslit v. puncture a balloon-like
object.
'buntug v. throw a spear or similar long
thin object with one hand. 'busna v. for s.o. to be through in doing
s.t., considering oneself finished, the
bu'nù v. stab with a pointed weapon task not necessarily being completed.
with an intention to kill; kill by
stabbing; use a spear to stab with both 'busow Variant: 'gusow. n. kind of evil
hands. spirit.

'bun-ug n. bruise. From: Cebuano. v. kill.

'bunuk v. grow thin from suppressed 'busue v. give overexaggeratedly to

grief, sorrow, or anger. s.o., usually so that that person will
suffer from too much (such as by
bu'nut n. coconut husk. vomitting if too much food is given);
 41

pretend to give when one's intention is bu'butong v. for dogs to fight one
not to give. another.

'busug n. bow used to shoot an arrow. buto'tolì Variant: bato'tolì. n. kind of

small yellow-green bird with a yellow
'bus-ug v. pour liquid. breast. Bulbul criniger and/or
pyenonotus and/or Orthotomus. Called
'busung v. for s.o. to be punished tailor bird because its nest looks like
supernaturally when going against s.o. two leaves sewn together.
considered an elder, such as parents, or
when wasting food. bu'tù n. uncastrated boar.
Usage: Adgawan dialect.
bu'ta adj. blind. Syn: pi'sok. From:
Cebuano. 'butù n. penis. Usage: euphemism.

'butà v. for chickens to fight, usually bu'tù-butù n. kind of large blackish ant
two roosters. with white markings about three
quarters of an inch long. Has a painful
bu'taekae See main entry: bu'takae. bite which tears flesh. Can build their
nests on the ground but usually in
bu'takae Variant: bu'taekae. adj. male hanging plants.
of certain animals, esp. dogs. May
sometimes be applied to males of cats, 'butud v. for s.t. to become bloated.
carabaos, goats, horses and civet cats.
n. bloated dead fish found floating on
'butas v. acquire a dog. the water.

'butbut v. uproot a plant or post with bu'tud adj. for a fish, person or animal
upward movement. to be dead, bloated and floating.

bu'ti n. small pox. 'butung v. buy s.t. (usually dogs) by

barter. Can be partially by money.
bu'tig n. small cyst-like growth on
skin, not dark. 'butwà v. take out or reveal s.t. stored
or hidden, including secrets; extract
'buting Variant: 'puting. n. hard reddish body parts such as eyes or intestines.
spots on camote or avocado, a kind of
plant disease. 'butwas v. let s.o. escape.

bu'titok n. kind of small green parrot bu'u n. large lump on the skin, usually
with white beak. Usually found eating the size of half a tennis ball, a kind of
the fruit of the a'mison or ba'sikung disease.
trees.
'buud v. refuse to accept s.t. because
bu'tiyow n. scar. one feels that what is offered is not
enough, or because it was not given
'butong v. for a dog to fight another when one first asked for it. Aff: pa-.
dog (sometimes applied to cats).
'buuk n. unit of s.t.
 42

'buung v. break s.t. that shatters. bu'yangan n. cockpit.

'buus v. store grain. From: Cebuano bulang.

bu'wa part. maybe. bu'yat v. awake.

'buwa v. swing or rock s.o. in a bu'yawan n. gold.

hammock.
'buybuy v. rebuke s.o. for repaying evil
bu'wahan n. hammock. for good.

bu'wà n. coconut kernel, the soft white bu'yog adj. partially blind.
spongy part in the center of the coconut
from which the shoot grows. na'buyog v. be partially blind, in either
one or both eyes. See: 'buyag.
n. prolapsed uterus.
bu'yow v. quarrel.
bu'wad Variant: bu'ad. v. multiply.
'buyu n. bamboo commonly used for
'buwag v. for a couple to separate. walling, arrows and spears. Cana bojo
spp.
bu'waling n. stomach of the 'gingow
fish, quite large. Used as a container for bi'nuyu n. kind of design in cloth
salted mudfish eggs. Hung over the weaving and embroidery.
firetable.
'buyud n. hill, one side of which is a
bu'wanting adj. dark red background cliff beside a river. Can sometimes be a
with white spots, of the color of a hill surrounded by water with no other
chicken, usually roosters. hills beside it.

'buwibuwi See main entry: 'bubue. bu'yung See main entry: bueng.

'buya v. for a shaman to perform a bu'yus See main entry: bues.

ritual healing of s.o.
'buyut adj. brave; aggressive;
bu'yà n. bubbles; foam. courageous.

'buyag v. be blinded.

n. cataract; white film obscuring vision.

See: bu'yog.

bu'yaghaw adj. for eyes to be light- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

colored. ~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'buyak n. flower.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'buyan n. moon; month.

'buyang v. fight, esp. of chickens.

 43

swing, usually hurting the lungs as a

result.

'dabù adj. thick, of hair, leaves, fur.

Aff: ma-.

v. for hair, leaves or fur to become

thick. OvSyn: 'yapung.

da'bung n. bamboo shoot.

Phrase: da'bung pad ‘still young (of
plants)’.

'dà-dà v. lap up, slurp or lick liquid

with the tongue.
D - d
dadabu'hon n. gizzard. Children are
dà part. just; only. not allowed to eat gizzards in the belief
that if they do, they will not want to
'daan See main entry: 'tahan. move unless s.o. hits them in the back
('dabu).
da'anon n. small kind of banana about
three inches long and an inch in dada'bukbuk adv. thumping sound of
diameter. hitting s.t. hollow. See: 'bukbuk.

'daas v. eat voraciously. OvSyn: 'doos. 'dadae n. ground runner of a plant such
as yam.
dabà-'dabà adj. for s.o. to be brash,
brazen, shameless or impudent. v. for a plant to crawl or put out ground
Aff: ma-. runners.

kadabà-'dabà n. shameless speech or v. for a snake, worm or similar creature

behavior. to crawl along the ground.

'dabhuk adj. airy, fluffy or loose in dada'gamang n. rustling noise in the

texture, such as soil, cooked rice or a grass, as of s.o. hurrying through.
cake.
dada'gokdok v. make a loud banging
da'bong-dabong v. stamp feet. noise repeatedly. See: 'dokdok.

da'bos Variant: 'dagbos. v. hit s.t. or 'dadun See main entry: 'dajun.
s.o. with s.t. somewhat flexible (such as
a broom or tree branch) with a dadu'wa adj. two.
downward stroke. For example, when
driving away snakes from the trail while tigda'duwa adj. by twos.
travelling at night
dae See main entry: da'ya.
'dabu v. hit s.o. hard in the upper back
with the fist or palm in an overhand daeg n. fallen leaf.
 44

'daega n. unmarried woman. da'gaaw n. kind of tree that bears fruit

eaten by the grey dove ('bayud).
'daegis n. heat rash.
da'gae adj. messy or untidy.
'daegit See main entry: 'dagit.
v. work sloppily.
daegmi'low v. rave or talk irrationally.
Temporary state of extreme mental da'gaeha n. chest; breast.
excitement marked by restlessness,
confused speech and hallucinations. It daga'hit See main entry: dogo'hit.
sometimes occurs during fever as in
certain diseases, in some forms of da'gami n. rice straw or stalk left after
insanity. harvesting.

'daeg-oy v. laugh shrilly. The way da'ganawan Variant: da'ganwan. n.

female spirits laugh. bamboo fishing pole.

'daehig v. implicate s.o., as in a crime. da'ganwan See main entry:

da'ganawan.
'daelit n. nectar and pollen collected by
bees, placed in the honeycomb, to be da'gap v. hurry somewhere to help
turned into honey. because of an urgent crisis.

'daema n. steep, rocky cliff beside a 'dagas v. hurry.

river.
daga'sà n. bamboo shaft of a fish arrow
'daemuan n. bamboo for fencing or ('bagyoy) which floats.
flooring.
'dagat n. sea; ocean.
'daen-as adj. of s.t. that is quickly
consumed. Aff: ma-. da'gaton v. feel motion sickness.

'daengin Variant: 'dangin. v. hire; ask manda'gatnon n. people from beyond

s.o. to volunteer. the sea.

'daenut n. cambium layer of a tree. daga'usu v. for the water level to rise.

daes'bong n. sound of s.o. falling. 'dagbos See main entry: da'bos.

'dae-ug n. rattan core. dag'bow v. prejudge or jump to

conclusions.
da'ga voc. woman! term of address for
a woman the same age or younger. 'dagdag1 v. shake off or shake out s.t.
powdery.
'dagà adj. of a person who is happy
and makes a lot of jokes. Aff: ma-. 'dagdag2 n. relative.

da'dagà v. for a group of people to be dag'hà v. bump, bang or crash into s.t.
happy, talking, joking, laughing among
themselves.
 45

dagila'san v. trample on s.t. or s.o. or 'dagpon n. house beam.

step on it many times.
'dagtung n. bamboo tube used as water
da'ginut v. economize by using a container.
resource carefully; be thrifty.
da'gudae adj. for a path to be smooth,
daginu'tan adj. thrifty. clean and free of obstructions. Aff: ma-.

v. work less hard to preserve a weak 'dag-ukan n. source or headwater of a

body. river.

'dagit Variant: 'daegit. v. for a bird of 'dagum n. needle.

prey to catch by swooping down on the
prey. da'gunut n. hissing sound of falling
rain approaching from the distance.
man'dagit; man'daegit n. bird of prey.
v. for the rain to make a hissing sound
'dagmang v. snatch s.t. and bring it as it approaches, falling in the distance.
toward oneself.
da'gupì v. for s.t. relatively soft and
'dagmoy n. blanket woven out of abaca perhaps hollow, such as the chest of a
fiber. Sometimes used as a hammock, person, to make a thudding sound when
sometimes as a skirt. hit.

'dagnoy n. nickname. da'gus adv. proceed to do s.t.

'dag-om See main entry: 'dakyom. da'guy-ak v. trample heavily on s.t.

'dagong v. for a dying person to groan. 'dahag v. stay away for a long time.

da'gongdong n. fins of a fish: dorsal, n. stranger to a certain place.

pectoral, pelvic, anal; not caudal fin,
which is 'ikug (tail). da'hakhak v. suddenly burst into deep
laughter.
Da'gow n. name of a malevolent
female spirit. Said to cause hunger by daham-da'ham v. for s.o. to perform
bringing about poor harvests. A female actions while sleeping, such as talking
person who is thought to be the cause of and walking; babble incoherently while
misfortune may be accusingly called semi-conscious.
Da'gow.
da'hipag See main entry: di'hipag.
da'gow v. for s.o. to experience evil
because of s.o. female. da'hudut See main entry: da'hujut.

'dagow adv. maybe. da'hujut Variant: da'hudut. n. new trail

made by a person or animal travelling
'dagpang v. slap s.o. on the face. through a grassy place.

'dagpì v. lightly slap the shoulder or da'huyag v. have a foreboding feeling;

hip of s.o. or s.t. presentiment.
 46

'daing n. dried fish. placing bamboo booms across the river.

Dry fried and eaten as a delicacy.
'dait v. be frightened; be terrified.
da'lì v. hurry.
da'jag v. reveal; clear.
da'lid n. buttress root of large trees.
'dajag v. favor s.o. over others.
Aff: pa-. v. strike buttress root of a tree with a
piece of wood as a form of signalling.
v. attract attention by showing affection. Usually to signal that a trap has caught
Aff: pa-. s.t. or that there is imminent danger.

'dajò v. quarantine, isolate or exile s.o. da'ligdig n. slope of a mountain. Aff: -

an.
'dajun Variant: 'dadun. v. proceed.
pana'ligdig v. travel on the slope of a
pa'dajun v. proceed. mountain; for tears to roll down the
face; for the sun to cross the sky in the
da'jung n. pole for carrying a heavy south, during October, Novermber and
load by two or more people, at least one December, not directly overhead.
on each end.
dali'kan n. kind of rhizome with dark
v. carry a load on a pole with another red edible fruit which are molar shaped.
person.
Dali'kaskas n. female spirit said to
da'kà adj. boastful. Aff: ma-. cause promiscuity or flirtatious
behaviour in women.
'dakdak v. wash clothes, esp. by
pounding on a rock or log. dali'kaskas adj. for a woman to be
flirtatious or promiscious.
'dakey adj. great, of expectations,
importance, number or size. dali'magmag n. knowledge.

'dakit v. adjoin. 'wadà dali'magmag have no knowledge

about a matter.
n. neighbour.
dali'masù n. thick fungal saliva which
da'kop v. to catch; to arrest. comes out of the mouth of a very sick
person or corpse of a person who died
di'nakpan n. captive. of a respiratory disease.

'dakow v. steal. n. fungal disease affecting the

respiratory system, esp. the mouth.
'dakyom Variant: 'dag-om. v. for a
cloud to briefly cover the sun. dali'wakas n. dawn.

'dali n. edible winged white ant-like da'maling n. large adult male deer;
insect considered newly stag; buck.
metamorphosed. Appears during light
rain, landing on the river. Collected by dada'malingay n. young buck.
 47

'damdam v. grope about, as in the dark. 'dangan v. for wild animals to eat ripe
fruit, usually fallen ripe fruit.
da'mey adj. thick. Aff: ma-.
'danganon adj. of a tree which bears
'damhug n. dew. fruit that is eaten by wild animals; of a
place which has trees which bear fruit
dami'là v. talk angrily. which are eaten by wild animals.

da'milag n. sticky mixture of mud and danga'non n. wild abaca.

dead leaves; clay; clayey soil, not good
for growing things. 'dang-ey v. put s.t. on a chopping block
or anvil. See: 'dat-ey.
n. loam, good for growing things.
dang-'oyan n. anvil; chopping-block.
da'mis v. cry; prolonged wailing, not
real loud. Usage: archaic. 'danggis v. begin a rice harvesting
season by harvesting a little portion.
'dam-ok adj. many. Aff: ma-. Usually in preparation for the 'taephag
ritual.
da'moy n. kind of small shrub with
hairy leaves used medicinally. 'danggoy n. sand.
Cambium layer is scraped and placed
over a boil to draw out pus. 'dangin See main entry: 'daengin.

'dampà v. touch or cover s.t. or s.o. 'dangka v. warm a body part or clothes
with an outstretched palm. near a fire.

dam'pig v. hit s.t. or s.o. with the side 'dangkag v. for nipples to get erect,
of a bolo. esp. when pregnant.

'dampok v. lay s.t. flat on a body dang'kayà v. for s.o. to lay flat on the
briefly for medicinal purpose. back on the ground after falling.

v. burn oneself by touching s.t. hot. 'dangkiyas n. bluish soil embedded

with mollusk shells which is very
v. brand an animal. slippery and slimy when wet, and
solidifies into a very hard block when
'dampot v. reach a place. dry.

dan pro. they. 'danglis n. smell of singed hair or

feathers.
'danak v. for a skin disease to be
aggravated. da'ngop v. seek help; take asylum.

da'nas interj. oh no! exclamation of 'dangow n. span; unit of measure from

dismay when one's work fails. the tip of the thumb to the tip of the
little finger.
da'natà n. large river turtle that
burrows under mud. Lays eggs in sand da'ngue n. big fish, esp. mudfish.
bars.
 48

n. important person. 'dapdap n. medium sized softwood tree

Usage: metaphorical. with a thorny stem and yellow spotted
green leaves that bear red flowers.
dang'yawon n. brown lobster-like Erythrina variegata.
freshwater crustacean about six inches
long with light blue stripes on the side da'pinak v. splat; for s.t. watery and
of the head. dirty to make a splatting sound when
hitting s.t. solid, such as the sound of
'dani adv. near. carabao dung hitting the ground or mud
hitting the face.
pa'dani approach s.t. or s.o.
da'pit n. side; direction.
'danlak n. muddy silt left after flood.
'daplin n. side. Syn: 'kilid. From:
'dan-os v. store harvested rice before Cebuano.
threshing.
'dapow n. itchy dust such as that found
da'now n. lake. in rice grains and mungo beans.

'dansey v. press a person or animal 'dapù v. for birds to be attracted to eat

against a wall, tree or similar object to the fruit of a certain tree.
prevent escape.
da'puon n. fruiting tree which attracts
da'nug v. box; punch. feeding birds.

'daog v. defeat; conquer. da'pug v. pile.

da'pa-dapa n. sole of the foot. da'pupu adv. hurry and repeatedly do

Syn: pa'da-pada. s.t. without stopping. Usage: archaic.

da'pae v. push a handful of food into 'daru n. plow.

the mouth with the hand, as if wiping
the mouth with the palm and fingers. 'dasang v. talk animatedly and
People feed one another in this manner rhythmically in rhyming speech with
during feasts, esp. during traditional vigorous hand actions and pounding, a
weddings. loud voice, and repeatedly half standing
up and dropping forcefully to the seat.
'dapanas n. bedrock. See: 'panas. Common speech style of older men in
conference.
da'pas n. small hairlike thorns of
bamboo and other plants that are itchy da'sig adj. many. Aff: ma-.
to the touch.
da'sok v. compact; crowd.
adj. for s.t. to be scratchy in texture like
the hairlike thorns of bamboo, causing 'dat-ey v. put s.t. on a chopping block
itchiness. Aff: ma-. or anvil. See: 'dang-ey.

v. feel itchy. dat'-oyan n. anvil; chopping-block.

da'tong v. arrive.
 49

'datù n. tribal chief. n. baggage.

adj. wealthy. tagadu'maya n. manager.

dina'tuan n. prize given to the winner da'yà v. for s.o. to lay down with the
in an organised fight. face up; place an object down with the
concave side facing up.
datu-'datu v. for a lot of people to be
lying around dead or sick. 'dayan n. path; way; road.

'datue v. for s.t. to bounce back to 'dayap n. measles (or perhaps

where it came from when the original smallpox).
intention was for it to penetrate.
'dayhup v. feel the effects of s.t. such
da'tun v. dish food out and serve it. as a typhoon or storm. Usually in
reference to indirect effects of the
da'ub v. for s.o. to lie prostrate, face typhoon. You wouldn't say this if you
down; place a container with the vere actually in the path of the typhoon.
opening down.
da'yojag Variant: 'dejag. be happy;
'da-ue v. for fish to be affected by rejoice ; make happy noises.
poison, surfacing.
'dayom adj. deep.
'dawa n. millet.
da'yù v. appease the spirits by means
adj. for s.t. to be as small as a grain of of an offering.
millet. Aff: mae-.
da'yujag adj. attractive to men, of a
n. hard center as small as a grain of female around the ages of ten to thirty,
millet in half-cooked rice. not neccesarily beautiful; pretty; with a
pleasing personality. Aff: ma-.
'dawat v. receive; accept.
'dedog n. shaft of a spear.
kadina'watan n. ceremonial acceptance
of marriage. 'dedow See main entry: do'jow.

daw'daega v. for a girl to be around the deg See main entry: 'doyog.
age of first menstruation. Aff: ka-.
'degbuk v. thud; for s.t. or s.o. to make
'dawi v. for a snake to catch prey. a thudding sound when hitting the
ground after falling from a height.
'dawit v. for a fish to bite the bait.
deg'matoy v. wail, esp. because of a
da'wog n. bunch of coconuts. death.

'dawot v. for s.o. to be disappointed at 'dehug v. for s.t. or s.o. slippery to slip
s.o. else. Aff: paN-. Usage: archaic. out from inside s.t. or from the grasp,
such as a baby from the womb or a fish
da'ya Variant: dae. v. bring. from the hands.
 50

'dejag See main entry: da'yojag. 'digsok Variant: 'ligsok. n. child.

Usage: archaic.
'dejow See main entry: do'jow.
'digus v. bathe; go swimming. Aff: pa-.
'detung v. crash; for s.t. large and
heavy, such as a large tree, to make a pinadi'gus n. kind of dance in which
crashing sound when it hits the ground the dancer mimics a woman taking a
or an object after falling from a height. bath.

'dey-ay v. for babies to spit up. 'digwà v. be about to vomit.

dì conj. but. 'digyom adj. dark, as in the darkness of

night. Aff: ma-.
di'atas n. above; higher place relative
to the speaker. di'hipag Variant: da'hipag. n. opposite
side of a geographical feature, such as a
di'babà n. downstream. river or road.

Diba'bawon n. name of an ethnic 'dikilop n. new moon; one day in the

group. lunar month considered after the day of
the last moon and the day before the
di'bati v. debate. From: English. new moon is sighted; the day there is
'no moon' in the sky. Rattan, bamboo,
di'bayuy n. opposite side of a barrier. and nipa are gathered on this day in the
belief that it will not be attacked by
di'daja n. upstream. borers.

di'dayom n. inside. di'klamu v. voice or formally file a

complaint against s.o.
'didit adj. long-lasting, of a
consumable. Aff: ma-. n. complaint. From: Spanish.

v. make s.t. last a long time. 'dikut adj. selfish. Aff: ma-.

'dignoy v. be careful in a situation di'kuton adj. selfish.

where s.t. can be easily broken or lost,
or where one may be hurt. 'dilà n. tongue.

adj. careful. Aff: ma-. di'lam-dilam v. dart the tongue in and

out of the mouth.
di'gon adj. strong; sturdy. Aff: ma-.
di'lata n. canned goods. From: Spanish
'digsey n. edge of s.t.; foot of a de lata.
mountain.
'dilin v. be careful in avoiding, as in
v. for s.t. to reach the edge of s.t. avoiding offense in dealing with others,
in avoiding offense to the spirits, in
'digsoyan n. foot of a mountain. avoiding certain foods.

di'nigsoyan n. horizon.
 51

di'lip v. slice up rather solid objects pandi'wata v. conduct a ritual.

into thin slices, such as papaya, onion
and carrots, but not meat. di'wawae See main entry: 'diwae.

di'mudu conj. so; then; therefore 'diwit v. to haul the harvest to the
(discourse particle). Syn: kò i'yan 'naan. granary.
From: Spanish.
di'witan n. large rice basket made out
din pro. he; she; his; her. of pandan leaves. Placed in the middle
of a field when harvesting. Harvesters
'dingding n. wall. fill it from their small harvesting
baskets. When it is full, it is brought up
'dingey Variant: 'ingey. v. shake one's to the granary. See: 'diwit.
head, perhaps in disagreement.
diwong-'diwong v. stagger.
'dingey-dingey rock one's head from
side to side. di'yà n. there, far from the speaker.

'dingi v. rest one's head limply on the di'yan n. there, middle distance from
shoulder. the speaker; sometimes said or written
to or concerning s.o. who is still there.
'dingkug v. bump one's head on s.t.
di'yay-diyay v. walk with a swagger,
'dini n. here. Syn: 'kani. swinging the shoulders back and forth.

'dinog v. hear. 'diyong v. for a house, tree, or similar

object to shake back and forth rapidly,
pa'minog v. listen. as in an earthquake.

'dipyas v. for a projectile to lightly di'yù n. distance.

graze an object, not penetrating.
madi'yù adj. far.
di'ritsu v. do s.t. directly. Syn: yo'hus.
From: Spanish. kadi'yuan n. distant place.

Di'simbri n. December. 'padiyù v. send away.

'diswae v. dislocate or fracture a bone 'Diyus n. God. Syn: Magba'bajà. From:

such that it sticks out. Spanish.

'diwae v. stick out the tongue. do'bus n. excrement.

OvSyn: di'wawae, 'wawae.
'dòdò v. dip s.t. into a container of s.t.
v. pronounce a curse on s.o. to the effect else, such as sugar, paint, salt or
that that person's tongue will fall out. vinegar.

di'wata n. tutelary spirit. Human like v. reach into s.t. briefly.

spirit that selects a favorite mortal as
their medium of communication. v. make a thumbprint.
 52

do'dojò v. be happy. naka'dogpak v. fall over.

do'dow See main entry: do'jow. 'dogsang v. for the rain to start falling.

do'gà n. juice; honey. v. for insects and pests which come in

groups such as locusts and rats to
ma'dogà adj. juicy. appear in large numbers.

'dogdog v. travel during the night time. do'hik v. for s.o. to beach a boat or raft
onto the shore from the water.
'dogi adj. many; much; plenty.
Aff: ma-. v. crawl on the belly like a snake or
worm.
dogi'han adj. big; huge.
do'hun n. leaf.
kadogi'han adj. majority.
'dojong See main entry: 'doyong.
'dogkae v. for a snake to strike with its
head raised. do'jow Variant: do'dow; 'dejow;
'dedow. v. become healed; do s.t. well
'dogkot v. position s.t. or s.o. close to or good.
s.t. or s.o. else.
mado'jow adj. good.
'dogman n. kind of underwater
freshwater weed. Elodea. kade'jawi v. for s.t. to be the best.

'dogmok v. pulverise ; break into small kade'jawan n. for s.t. to be for the
pieces. benefit of s.o.

dogo'hit Variant: daga'hit. n. kind of 'dokat v. fetch s.o. from s.w.

tall grass about five feet tall with
triangular stems and sharp edges. Bears 'dokdok v. pound or hammer s.t. with a
flower; produces fruit which small birds blunt instrument.
come to eat.
do'kot v. for a substance to adhere to
kadogo'hitan n. place where much another substance.
dogo'hit grass grows.
n. burnt food stuck at the bottom of a
do'gos1 n. honey. Syn: do'gà. pot.

ma'dogos adj. having much honey. ma'dokot adj. sticky.

From: Cebuano. 'dokot v. for s.t. to burn. Aff: -an.

do'gos2 n. itch. ma'dokot adj. flammable.

mado'gos adj. itchy. 'dokoy v. for a chicken (or duck) to be

sick from the chicken flu disease, not
'dogpak v. throw s.t. at s.t. or s.o. moving much and having mucus in the
 53

throat. Often occurs during the rainy do'ot adj. bad; ugly.
season.
ka'doot n. destruction.
'domdom n. thought; memory; mind.
dodo'ot v. destroy.
v. remember; think.
pando'otan v. for a person to be
pahi'nomdom v. remind s.o. subjected to a bad bird omen.

do'mey n. kind of small white-breasted 'dopa n. armspan; unit of measure from

greenish-black bird that eats insects. fingertip to fingertip with the arms
Said to be named because it always outstretched in opposite directions.
looks downward.
do'pot See main entry: jo'pot.
'domey v. look downwards.
'dopot v. trace a path by footprints.
do'mot v. bear hatred or grudge against
s.o. 'dopu v. spit out s.t. solid or somewhat
dry forcefully.
'dondon v. resolve to do s.t. as the
outcome of a meeting. 'dosngag v. bump the head into s.t.

v. end up s.w. v. for s.o. to smash the head of s.o. else

into a wall or similar object.
do'ngan v. coincide; do
simultaneously. do'son n. strength.

'dongdong v. stare downward vacantly. madoson adj. strong; hard; difficult.

Aff: pa-R1-.
'doue n. kind of cooking banana.
'dongkag v. bump the head into s.t.
'doug exis. none.
'dongkig n. kind of small, edible
freshwater eel. dow conj. and.

do'ngog n. honor. do'yang-doyang n. palate.

madong'ganon adj. honorable. 'doyas v. for s.o. to die.

'donok v. for rain to fall steadily for a 'doyog Variant: deg. v. go.
long time.
pa'deg v. head toward s.w.
do'og v. for s.t. to come into violent
contact with s.t. else or a place. ka'degan n. destiny.

doo'gan v. for s.t. to be hit by s.t. else. 'doyom adv. late.

do'on v. for s.o. to press down on s.t. v. travel or look for s.t. outside at night.
See: 'soyom.
'doos v. eat s.t. greedily or hungrily.
 54

'doyong Variant: 'dojong. n. fish 'dugsù1 v. stumble and fall forward.

poison. Made by first chopping up
earthworms. Then patting the chopped n. kind of women's dance. Rhythm is
earthworms with the leaves of the provided by bells worn on anklets.
'hagupit tree. The worms are then
mixed with the crushed roasted tops of 'dugsù2 v. pierce or stab s.t. with a
the 'baay plant. Only the 'poit fish is sharp instrument such as a knife.
affected by this poison.
'dugsun v. for milk to flow out of the
du'dù n. point on the bottom of a breast.
basket.
'duguk v. approach.
'dudù n. breast.
'dujag v. live for a long time.
v. nurse; breastfeed.
'dujan v. swing in a hammock.
'dudue n. kapok tree.
'dujanan n. hammock.
n. silky fibers that surround the seeds of
a kapok tree. Fibers are often used for 'dukduk v. cough forcefully
stuffing pillows and mattresses. (whooping) with a forced inspiration at
the end, usually bowing the head while
duga'di v. tell a joke or tease s.o. in coughing.
fun.
du'kilom n. night. Aff: ma-.
n. joke.
du'kimot v. for the sky to be overcast.
maduga'di adj. of s.o. who is fond of
telling jokes. 'duklit v. set fire to s.t. combustible by
putting a flame to it. Traditionally in
du'gaja v. still in the process of doing reference to burning a field for clearing.
s.t. even though much time has passed.
'duku-duku adj. bumpy or lumpy, of a
'dugang v. add. surface that is thought to be ideally or
prototypically level, such as a road or
'dugapà adj. for a person to be table top. Aff: nan-.
muscular.
'dukyas v. for a projectile to lightly
'dugi n. thorn. graze an object, not penetrating.

'dugkut n. peace agreement. 'dukyus v. go on an expedition to

recapture a kidnapped woman or to
'dugmà v. for a pig to attack. collect by force the bride price from the
parents of the kidnapper.
'dugmun n. nest made of leaves and
grass by a sow for her litter. 'dukyuy v. for the uterus to contract
before childbirth. According to common
'dugpat v. add difficulty and problems belief, the unborn child causes the
to s.o. who already has problems. Aff: - uterus to contract.
an.
 55

du'lian n. durian tree or fruit. du'nga adj. having a protruding upper

jaw or recessive lower jaw.
'dulis n. bamboo or wooden stick about
a meter long, flat and tapered at one du'ngà v. come to served food to eat.
end, used to scrape off the singed hair
and skin of an animal. 'dungae v. for a pig to root and dig in
the soil with its snout.
v. scrape off the singed hair and skin of
an animal in the midst of singing it. du'ngae-dungae n. snout of a pig;
upper lip of a person.
'duma n. companion.
naka'dungae v. fall on one's face.
v. accompany.
du'nog v. beat s.o. with fists or club.
du'maega v. for a female to begin Usage: archaic.
menstruation; for a female to be in the
early stage of fertility and not yet 'dunsae v. burn s.o. or an animal with
reproduce. (Disagreement exists on the glowing embers at the end of a piece
whether this can apply to all females of wood.
including people, or only female
animals.) 'dunut v. mash; rot.

n. young female at the early stage of du'on n. there, not too distant.
fertility. See: 'daega.
'dupak v. for s.t. or s.o. to be lured into
'dumang n. fried and pounded a trap.
ka'tumbae chili peppers mixed with
salt. 'dupuk v. pulverize.

du'maya1 v. manage s.t. 'dusdus n. kind of skin disease,

ringworm.
tagadu'maya n. manager.
'dusù v. push s.t. forward.
du'maya2 n. original rice stalk (not the
secondary shoots). 'dutdut v. uproot; pluck hair or
feathers.
Du'minggu n. Sunday.
pandut'dutay n. tweezers for plucking
'dumpue adj. blunt, of a point. hair.

pa'dumpue v. make a point blunt. 'dutun n. there, somewhat distant.

n. preventive medicine. 'dutus n. decorative tubular brass

anklet containing iron balls which rattle.
du'mù n. end rows of a rice panicle, Syn: 'sandag. Worn by women, esp.
ripest. when dancing.

'dumue v. fall on one's face. 'duung v. for a boat to land or anchor.

du'muk v. bow the head. duu'ngan n. wharf; place to anchor.

 56

du'wa n. two.

duwa'duwa v. vacillate.
E-e
du'woy n. wife, not the first.
ed v. soak. See main entry: 'oyod.
'duya1 v. slither like a snake; creep like
a vine. eg1 v. don't!

'duya2 v. for s.o., usually a stranger, to eg kad don't do it!

disturb an activity by virtue of that
person's presence, so that the activity is eg on don't continue!
unsuccessful. Includes activities such as
fishing with poison or some rituals. The eg2 See main entry: 'oyog.
belief is that the stranger is an evil spirit
or s.o. sent by an evil spirit. In the case eh interj. no! exclamation of
of fishing, the stranger is suspected of disagreement or defense.
making the poison ineffective.
ep v. for liquid to seep into a place.
'duyang v. pan gold.
i'nepan n. place where liquid seeps into
n. pan for panning gold. the ground.

du'yow n. turmeric, a yellow-orange et Variant: o'yot. v. bound; be between

rhizome. Curcuma longa. Used in two things or places.
dying, as medicine to treat swelling or
open wounds, and as food seasoning. pag'-etan n. boundary.

di'nuyow adj. yellowish colored. 'ey-ay interj. exclamation uttered when

referring to s.t. unfortunate.
'duyug v. lie down alongside s.t.

Du'yug 'Batang n. name of an ethnic

group. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~
'duyung n. bow of a boat. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mangin'duyung v. stand in the front of
a boat or raft to pole and watch for
obstacles.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
G - g
~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ga'ad n. saplings used as poles for
construction.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'gaan adj. light in weight. Aff: ma-.
 57

'gabà1 v. be cursed by an impersonal or 'gaewot v. remove with the finger an

personal supernatural force as a result of object from the throat that is a source of
certain kinds of bad behaviour. choking.
Idiom: To gabà kona ogyabà. ‘A curse
makes no noise (in coming).’. Kinds of 'gagae n. floor joist.
bad behavior that can trigger such curse
include disrespect to elders in one's ga'hapun adv. long-ago.
family; theft; murder; adultery;
oppressing the innocent. 'gahit n. strip of cleared area made
around the farm to prevent wild animals
'gabà2 v. be accidentally cut by a sharp from destroying crops.
instrument or grass.
'gahung n. pit-trap.
ga'bas n. saw.
'gahut n. camote vine.
ga'bii adv. yesterday.
pang'gahut v. gather camote vines.
ga'bii 'songo 'aedow adv. day before
yesterday. 'gaid v. secure s.t. by lashing.

ga'bing adj. for the direction of the ga'ja Variant: ga'da. adv. later in the
whinnying sound of the turtle-dove to same day.
come from the direction directly behind
from the perspective of a traveller. ga'jod adj. only.
Considered a bad omen.
'gajod adv. also.
'gabing v. spread s.t. apart with some
effort. 'gakas v. dismantle or demolish a
structure.
'gabun n. fog; low clouds.
ga'kas adj. dilapidated, of a house.
ga'da See main entry: ga'ja.
ga'key v. press an animal or person
'gadey See main entry: 'gadoy. against a post or tree. Aff: i-, ing-.

'gadgad v. for an entire household or 'gakgak n. sleeveless shirt.

barrio to go s.w. together for a purpose. Usage: archaic.

'gadoy Variant: 'gadey. n. self. v. dismember; remove an extremity

such as an arm, leg or wing from the
ga'doyon v. boast. body.

'gae interj. surely not! exclamation of 'gakit n. raft.

doubt over what s.o. says.
v. construct a raft.
gaes Variant: ga'yas. v. cut underbrush.
galiga'li v. try to do s.t. one is
'gaet-gaet v. for ribs to protrude due to incapable of doing.
leanness.
 58

ga'ling v. mill or grind rice, corn or ga'ngu adj. dry.

mongo beans.
'ganì adv. even; even as; such as;
'gamak v. hold s.t. small. indeed. Syn: 'inggad. From: Cebuano.

ga'mat v. ascend by foot; go to one's ga'nina adv. earlier today.

farm.
ga'nit n. yam sucker.
'gamgam v. grope for s.t. under water.
'gansu n. safety pin. From: Cebuano.
'gamhak v. hold s.t. soft and slimy
such as mud or feces. 'gantow n. freeboard of a boat from the
waterline.
'gamit v. use.
ma'gantow adj. not fully loaded, of a
n. equipment; tool; weapon. boat.

ga'mos v. preserve fish with salt. 'ganuy v. pull a boat upstream.

gina'mos n. salted fish. 'gapak v. cut a buttress root, usu. either

to get a piece to use as a handle or to
ga'mut n. root. remove the stump.

'gana v. enjoy or desire doing s.t. 'gapas n. cotton.

'ganas v. ceremonially take the bride ga'pì v. for a person outside of a

home to the house of the bridegroom, dispute to take sides with one of the
accompanied by a female relative of the participants of a dispute.
bride.
'gapì v. knock over a wall or other tall,
'ganat n. grip of a spear made from a broad object.
coil of brass wires.
ga'pon v. tie up the opening of a
'ganda1 n. kind of leek, medicinal. container, usu. baskets.
Allium odorum.
'gapus n. rope for tying limbs of
'ganda2 n. large kind of hardwood tree animal or person.
good for construction material. Bark is
medicinal and also used to flavor palm ga'puson v. tie limbs of animal or
wine. person.

ga'ngab adj. toothless, of a person. 'garab v. harvest rice with a sickle.

From: Ilocano.
ga'ngey adj. stupid, of a woman.
Usage: derogatory. 'gasa1 n. gift. From: Cebuano.

'ganggan n. red colored cloth. 'gasa2 n. gauze; mantle of pressure

lantern. From: Cebuano.
'gangis v. pull s.o.'s hair, esp. when
fighting. 'gasà adj. thin.
 59

ga'sang n. twig. 'gawgaw v. stir water with bare hands.

'gasap v. cut and gather bamboo. ga'wid v. clamp s.t. or s.o. tightly in
the mouth, as a dog or snake would.
'gas-ow n. rafter of a nipa roof. Aff: -an.

'gastu v. spend money. ga'wod n. large vine.

n. expenditure. From: Cebuano. ga'woy adj. better-off than s.o. else, of

a person. Aff: ma-.
'gata v. cut the root of a large tree.
ga'yas See main entry: gaes.
ga'tà n. coconut milk.
'gaygada See main entry: 'gaygaja.
'gatang adj. enough for survival, of
food or medicine. 'gaygaja Variant: 'gaygada. adv. later
today. See: ga'ja.
'gatas n. milk.
'gayhung adj. beautiful, of a woman.
ga'tob n. subterranean stream. Found Aff: ma-.
near lakes. Located by observing crab
holes and listening with the ear to the 'gayong n. trunk of a fishtail, coconut
ground for the sound of moving water. or sago palm tree. Edible larvae
Holes are made over the stream and (a'batod) of the kama'hung beetle
traps or hooks set for catfish, which are found here.
often found in such streams.
ga'yow n. funnel entrance of a fish trap
'gatung n. boulder. which allows fish to enter and prevents
them from escaping.
ga'tus n. hundred.
ga'yù adj. false.
'gaud n. oar fastened to the side of the
boat. v. tell a lie; pretend.

'gaut v. for s.t. (usu. a weapon) to be 'gayung1 n. bamboo drinking vessel.

embedded in the flesh.
'gayung2 v. override s.o.'s rights by
ga'wae-gawae v. for s.t. to be piled dominating them.
improperly.
v. allow oneself to be dominated.
ga'wang n. hole in the floor. Aff: pa-.

'gawang v. remove. n. rope inserted in the nose of animal

used to lead it.
ga'was conj. except.
'giba v. carry s.o. or s.t. on the waist,
'gawey v. grope for s.t. under water above the hips (usually a baby); hold s.t.
with a hand or pole without touching in the lap.
the bottom.
 60

gi'baejan n. main living area of a gi'kus n. bunch of rattan fruit.

house; floor with joists and girders.
Most houses are built up off the ground, gi'kut v. be tied down by
with the main parts being the pillars (or, responsibilities.
in some cases, large tree or stump on
which a house is built), main living area gi'lak-gilak v. glitter. Aff: mang-.
up off the ground, and roof area. This
main living area, the level of the house gi'laung v. converse.
where the floor is constructed along
with its supporting girders ('sakbat) gi'lawahan Variant: gi'yawahan. n.
and joists ('gagae) is called gi'baejan. main body of a house, excluding the
porch and kitchen. See: 'yawa.
'gibang n. iguana.
gi'lok v. tickle.
gi'nibang n. figure of an iguana cut
from the skin of the back of a magi'lok adj. ticklish.
slaughtered pig as an offering to the
spirit Taegbusuw; design in weaving, 'gilong v. behead. Usage: archaic.
bead-making or tattooing following the
color and scale pattern of the iguana. 'giman n. trap for small animals.

gi'bing v. for lips to be harelipped. gimas'dakan n. bad face, look or

personality. Usage: derogatory.
'gibis v. cut narrow strips of s.t.,
usually pandan leaves for weaving. 'gimba n. home or house in the
hinterland.
'gidloy v. be exhausted.
'gimbae n. drum with skin top and
gi'gi interj. tsk! exclamation of hollow wooden body.
annoyance, impatience, frustration,
disgust or fear, usually expressed at s.o. gi'muk-gimuk v. wriggle, of a ball of
(the source of annoyance, etc...). worms. From: Cebuano.

gi'hapun adv. still; again; nevertheless. gin-'anow conj. therefore; that's why.
Syn: 'kaling.
gi'hob n. upper abdomen.
'ging-ot adj. cramped; messy. Aff: ma-.
giho'bon v. experience pain in the
upper abdomen. v. feel cramped because of too many
things in an enclosed area.
gi'hoy n. shred.
'gingow n. large freshwater fish.
gi'hoy-gihoy v. for s.t. to be shredded. Stomach of this fish is used to store
salted mudfish eggs.
'gikan prep. from. Syn: 'puun.
gin'hawa n. breath; feeling; seat of the
gini'kanan n. parents; source. emotions.

From: Cebuano. v. breathe.

 61

'ginit n. fibrous sheath at the base of oxbow; cutoff oxbow meander; island
palm trees. From: Cebuano. in a river surrounded by an oxbow
meander and cutoff channel; silted up
gi'nonà adv. just. sections of an oxbow meander between
the oxbow lake and the cutoff channel
Gi'nuu n. Lord; God. From: Cebuano. through the neck of the oxbow; oxbow
meander in a river; oxbow lake; dried
gi'ok v. step on s.t.; thresh by treading. up oxbow lake.

n. foot print; steps. gi'tì v. sprout; germinate.

gini'ok n. threshed rice. 'gitong n. tang of a bolo. From:

Cebuano gitung.
gi'oy interj. yikes! exclamation of fear
or disgust. 'gitong2 v. cut or chop a log or tree.

gi'pasa'kan n. kind of soil. See: pa'sak. gi'toy n. rag.

gi'pis n. runt or smallest piglet in a gi'toy-gitoy v. for clothes to be

litter, usually the last born. shredded into rags while being worn.
Ant: tu'mangì, tu'manod.
'giwa v. capsize.
'gipù v. snap; break s.t. long and
slender. gi'yawahan See main entry:
gi'lawahan.
gi'puen Variant: gi'puyun. n. family
unit. gi'yay interj. yikes! exclamation of fear
or disgust.
'gipus adj. unusually small, of a gall
bladder. Of significance in a sacrificed 'goat n. crack on a blade.
animal.
goat-'goat adj. good, of the bird omen.
gi'puyun See main entry: gi'puen. The belief is that when the cry of a
turtledove is heard in the one to three
'gira n. war. From: Spanish. o'clock and nine to eleven o'clock
position in the direction the traveller is
gi'sa v. fry. From: Cebuano. moving, that is a good omen. The
implication is that he will have a
gi'sawan n. kind of tree with edible successful journey and a good feast
fruit. ahead of him.

gi'suka v. vomit. go'bà v. chop down a tree; demolish a

structure.
'gità n. juice extracted from certain
substances. taligo'ba n. cleared land in shifting
cultivation.
gi'tae n. ragged clothing.
go'bang exis. be the rice planting
gi'tas n. oxbow meander in a river with season that occurs during the rainy
a cutoff channel through the neck of the
 62

season around September to January. gomos-'gomos v. be able to manage or

See: pangu'lilang. cope with a job.

go'bay1 interj. that's right! exclamation v. be able to manage or deal with s.o.
of agreement or approval at the
statement of s.o. else. go'mow1 n. wild duck.

go'bay2 conj. so that. go'mow2 v. climb up a mountain.

go'bù adj. weak. Aff: ma-. go'ob v. flood.

go'buk v. for a tree or wooden go'pak n. money. Usage: euphemistic.

structure to decay.
go'pik v. for brittle objects to crack or
'gobyas v. have goose bumps. Aff: -an. break.

'gobyoy adj. listless; inattentive. go'pot v. tie two or more things

Aff: ma-, OvSyn: 'yod-oy, 'yomhoy. together, such as wall to beam.

go'da ka interj. it serves you right! go'pù v. snap; break s.t. long and
slender.
go'dob v. cut young corn off from the
cob. gosì-'gosì n. sensation of prickles on
the skin from perspiration and the heat
'gogey v. hug s.o. of the sun.

go'gong-an n. nape; back of the neck. go'tab v. cut string, vine, or similar
long stringy objects with a slicing
'gohot n. mark; line. motion.

v. for an idea to linger in one's mind. 'gotan v. be unconscious due to a blow.

go'ja n. forehead. go'tang v. fall, of ripe fruit from a tree.

'gok-ae See main entry: 'guk-ae. n. fallen ripe fruit.

go'lot Variant: sang'golot. n. glans rim 'gotas adj. breathless, from hard
of the penis. exercise, holding the breath, or even
hunger. Aff: ma-.
'gombò v. gently hold private parts,
especially the breasts or nipples of a 'gotasan v. hold the breath in hunger,
woman. in fainting or for no reason.

'gomod v. suck or hold s.t. in the pa'gotas v. for some reason to cause
mouth without chewing. s.o. to hold the breathe in sadness or in
fainting.
'gomos v. gently squeeze and hold the
breasts or nipples of a woman; 'gotgot v. cut with sawing motion.
 63

v. make a fire by rubbing bamboo sticks 'gubut v. cause trouble.

together with a sawing motion.
n. trouble afflicting an area.
got'gotan n. fire saw.
'gudgud v. for a shaman to search
got'lò See main entry: got'yò. supernaturally by singing continuously.
Search is usually for a diagnosis or cure
go'tob v. for a threatening situation to for a sickness.
finish off a person.
'gudud See main entry: 'gujud.
go'tod v. cut s.t. such as a fish or snake
with a slicing motion. 'gue-uk v. for one's hair to stand on
end.
n. cut or slice of a fish or snake.
'gugma n. love. Syn: 'liyag.
go'tok n. abdomen.
hi'gugma v. love s.o.
got'yò Variant: got'lò. n. creases in the
skin, esp. of a fat baby or the inside of From: Cebuano.
the hand and fingers.
'gùgù v. slit or pierce the throat (neck
n. measure of one joint of a finger. arteries) of a person or animal.

'gou n. small paddle used in rowing or 'guhù n. bamboo torch.

steering a boat.
'gujud Variant: 'gudud. v. pull, drag or
'gowgow v. grope with the hands tow s.t. or s.o.
looking for s.t. underwater.
'sagujud v. for s.o. to drag s.t. (such as
'goyad v. imitate. several children) behind in addition to a
full load (perhaps also of children)
'goykoy v. for s.t. to make a rustling being carried on the person, such as on
sound, such as leaves in the wind, or the shoulders, the back, and the waist.
dried copra, dried rice, or dried corn
when poured or shifted. Aff: ka-. kagu'judan v. be pulled away, esp. a
harvest, by spirits; have a bad harvest
go'yu-go'yu n. kind of small, brown, due to improper practice of rituals. The
insect eating bird. belief is that if the harvest ritual
('taephag) is not properly observed, a
'guad n. digging stick sharpened at one poor harvest may result.
end.
'guk-ae Variant: 'gok-ae. adj. askew;
v. dig with a digging stick. not neatly arranged. Aff: ma-.

'guas v. bite into s.t. v. be encumbered or uncomfortable,

usually due to an awkward or bulky
'gubhak v. make a big hole in the earth, load.
such as a gold mine.
'gukhà v. for s.t. to become loose, such
'gubì adj. fragile. Aff: ma-. as a tied rope or packed grain.
 64

ma'gukhà adj. loose, of tied rope or n. evil spirit.

packed grain; crumbly texture, of food.
manggu'sawon n. s.o. who kills many
gu'lajon n. uncooked vegetable. people.

gu'lay n. cooked vegetables. 'gusuk n. rib.

gu'ligow v. stir. 'gutang v. chop or cut up protruding

branches of fallen or felled trees as
guli'mot n. very small camote. preparation for burning a field.

guli'muk v. break s.t. up into tiny gu'tas v. forcefully cut s.t., esp. thick
pieces. underbrush.

'gumun v. dishevel or tangle hair, rope, 'gutgut v. arouse a certain feeling as of

etc. fear, anger, or love; start the flow of
milk.
adj. disheveled ; tangled.
Idiom: nagumun to ginhawa/honahona gu'tow v. for a fever to emerge from
‘be puzzled’. inside the body. Affix: pa-. This is seen
as a sign that the patient will recover.
'gunas v. thresh grain.
v. for a rash to appear on the skin.
'gungas v. for the rim of a container or
the side of a boat to be broken along the gu'tus v. swelling or aching of the
top edge. Affix: na-. abdomen; swelling of a dead body.

'gungì n. midrib of a leaf such as a gu'ul adj. sad.

coconut frond.
v. be sad. Syn: 'pook. From: Cebuano.
v. remove midrib of a leaf such as a
coconut frond. 'guyab v. for a rat to eat.

gu'nit n. ragged clothes. gu'yabung n. dry season, usually from

March to May; drought.
'gunting n. scissors. From: Cebuano.
'guyang adj. mature, of a plant.
'gunù v. pick fruit. Aff: ma-.

gu'pae n. chunk of meat. gu'yangan n. forest.

'gupì v. beat s.o. severely in the upper magu'yangid adj. very mature, of a
torso with fist or club. plant.

n. thump; sound of the impact of the gu'yangan n. forest. See main entry:
above kind of blow. 'guyang.

'gusow Variant: 'busow. v. exterminate 'guyub adj. noisy, of many people

or kill a person; erase a person from the together. Aff: ma-.
face of the earth.
 65

'habas v. for feet to be infected by a

disease characterised by small red spots
and itchiness. Said to be caused by
wading in standing muddy water.

ha'bey v. weave.

hina'boyan n. woven cloth.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~ hab'yanan n. weaving loom.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'habhab v. eat voraciously.

ha'bin v. try to persuade s.o. to do or

believe s.t.

ha'boy n. belt, string or cloth tied

around the waist, usually holding the
bolo sheath. Usage: archaic.

'haboy v. be physically afflicted by

evil spirits, by falling sick.

ha'boyot v. howl, of wind.

H - h
'habtù v. flatten and smoothen leaves
ha interj. huh? expression of to prepare them for weaving. Usually of
incredulity, questioning or surprise. ba'yuy or ana'hiwan leaves. Often
done by running a leaf of the 'hagupit
ha'bà adj. long. Aff: ma-. tree along the ba'yuy leaf.

v. lengthen. ha'bung1 n. fry of the 'poitfish.

ka'habà n. length. ha'bung2 v. watch in the night for

enemies or wild animals.
haba'gat n. intense wind and rain storm
of short duration with lightning and habu'nganan n. place from which to
thunder. watch for the enemy or wild animals.

'habagatan n. north. 'hadat v. be angry due to

inconvenience. For example, if a
tingha'bagat n. south-west monsoon husband comes home from work and
season, usually from June to August. the wife is not around and no food is
prepared, or if one has a lot of work to
haba'ngan n. doorway. do and more work arrives.

habang-'habang v. stand by an exit or ma'hadat adj. for s.t. or s.o. to be an

doorway, ready to go out. Aff: pa-. inconvenience.

'hadhad v. spend much money.

 66

'hadi n. younger sibling. 'hagsay adj. good, peaceful, well-

made, of places and things. Aff: ma-.
ha'dok v. kiss.
'hagsil See main entry: 'hagsiy.
haeb v. be slightly drunk, tipsy.
'hagsiy Variant: 'hagsil. adj. cold.
'haebù adj. deep mud. Aff: ma-. Aff: ma-.

'haedok v. fear. 'hagtong adj. quiet.

'haeghaeg v. feel hot inside from fever 'hagù n. effort.

or eating certain foods.
ha'gudhud v. for people or animals to
'haen adj. sour-bitter; descriptive of the stampede.
taste of certain foods such as citrus rind
and burnt rice. Aff: ma-. ha'gunuy n. yellow-bell; kind of vine
bearing yellow bell-shaped flowers and
'haewig adj. slack, of a rope like used medicinally. Wedelia biflora.
object. Aff: ma-.
'hagupit n. kind of plant with
v. slacken or lengthen a strap-like sandpaper like leaves. Ficus fiski
object. adorata moracae.

'haewoy adj. easy. 'hag-ut v. strip plants for fiber.

hagam-ha'gam adv. eagerly; excitedly. hag'wason n. kind of large venomous

cobra with a yellow belly and black
ha'gas v. whisper. back. Syn: 'yoposung.

'hagbay adv. long ago. 'hagyung adj. roomy. Aff: ma-.

'hagdan n. ladder; stairs. v. have plenty of room; become roomy;

fit loosely.
ha'gimit n. kind of medium sized
softwood tree that grows on flat ground 'hahae v. for an animal to pant.
and bears large bunches of edible fruit.
Good for firewood. 'hait adj. sharp.

hag'naja n. kind of strong vine that n. sharp edge of a tool.

grows well in moist places. Used for
tying. Tops are eaten as a vegetable. 'hajab See main entry: 'ajab.

'hag-om v. soak s.t. in water. 'hajag v. hold s.t. up to show it to s.o.

n. kind of water snake. 'hajod v. labor in childbirth.

'hagong v. snore; for a cat to purr. hajun-'hajun v. swing the hands while
walking. Aff: pa-, paN-.
'hagpà n. low flat ground characterised
by tall grass and low trees.
 67

'hakdom v. for the heat of the sun to ha'linghing n. low curb attached to a
diminish. structure to keep s.t. in or out, such as
on the edge of a bed.
'hakhak v. for a pig to attack.
'halus adv. almost. From: Cebuano.
ha'kog adj. greedy.
'hamatuk adj. genuine or pure, of
ha'kup n. double handful; measuring precious metals, antiques, character.
unit, esp. for grain, of two hands cupped
together. 'hambas v. cut grass or shrubs short.

v. scoop s.t. with the hands cupped 'hambog adj. loud; forceful. Aff: ma-.
together.
'hambos v. cut or slash using a
ha'kut n. kind of black ant often seen diagonal downward motion.
carrying food, esp. rice.
'hambug v. boast. From: Cebauno.
'hakut v. haul.
'hambung n. shade.
'hakwad v. for a large mass or number
of objects to be removed, spilled or ha'milò v. knead or work s.t. with the
poured from a container. fingers.

'hakyad v. offer cooked food to the hamo'mos adj. compact; small; handy;
spirits. cute.

n. offering of cooked food. hamud-ha'mud n. kind of small flying

insect that gathers around food and
Hak'yadan n. name of a spirit, the fruit.
goddess of rice and other grain.
ha'mug interj. forbid! exclamation that
'hakyud v. thrust the pelvis. one says towards another who has
cursed one to counteract the curse.
ha'la interj. okay! exclamation to
agree, warn or scare. ka'hamugan might be cursed;
exclamation towards one who has been
ha'langdon adj. respected. From: cursed.
Cebuano.
hamu'yanggon v. suffer hardship
'halì v. come! Imperative expressed to because of another's misdeed.
small ones, usually young children.
'hanagan n. warrior with the lowest
'haligoy sù conj. just because. rank. Refers to a man who has killed
one or two people. See main entry:
'halin v. transfer; pour. ba'gani.

'haling v. build a fire. ha'nagdung n. kind of medium sized

strong softwood tree. Trema orientalis.
Cambium layer is medicinal.
 68

'han-as adj. quickly consumable, esp. 'hangtod Variant: 'hantod. adv. until.
of stored food. Aff: ma-.
v. for s.t. to last, endure.
han'daen-og n. shiny and dark
segmented worm about eight inches 'hang-ut v. bite or gnaw at s.t. fibrous.
long. Lives underground; makes a shrill
noise at night. 'hangyù v. bargain; make a request.

han'dii See main entry: ande'i. ha'nig n. mat placed beneath s.t.

'handom v. commemorate; remember. hani'gan v. cover a surface with s.t.

before placing s.t. on it.
hando'manan n. remembrance;
souvenir. 'han-in Variant: 'han-ing. adj. many.
Aff: ma-.
'handug v. share.
v. increase in number.
'hangaè adj. selfish, not giving to
others. Usage: archaic. 'han-ing See main entry: 'han-in.

v. crave s.t. one has to do without. 'hanip v. get weak from hunger.
Usage: archaic.
'han-ok v. dump or stuff things into a
'hangey v. desire; be interested in s.t. container.

'hanggab v. breathe through the mouth. v. lay blame on s.o. for another's
offense.
'hanggung v. sacrifice to a spirit called
Hanggunganan after a successful 'hanong adj. quiet, of a place. Aff: ma-.
hunt.
hanong'tongan adj. extreme, of
Hanggu'nganan n. name of a spirit to drought, depth, heat, darkness,
which a hunter sacrifices after catching brightness or similar events.
a pig. See: 'hanggung.
hanow-'hanow v. survey a wide area.
'hanghang n. foothold, step or notch
cut in a tree trunk or steep hill. 'han-oy v. arrange a series of items or
processes into a nice order.
v. cut steps into a tree trunk or steep
hill. v. arrange warp threads on the loom.

hangi'lid adj. non-members of a family 'hantag v. put floor joists in place.

around a household.
'hantatayu n. kind of small green
'hangkop v. embrace. caterpillar.

ha'ngop v. be happy due to meeting a 'hantod See main entry: 'hangtod.

loved one.
'hantoy v. feel satisfied after eating.
ha'ngos v. pant, breathe heavily.
 69

ha'nù v. feint a stabbing or hitting v. shorten or tighten a strap-like object;

motion at s.o., but not actually stabbing shorten one's time s.w. Idiom: Hapopok
or hitting the person. to honahona. ‘Impatient.’.

'hanus v. feel hungry or not completely ha'pos v. hit s.t. hard with an object.
satisfied even if eating; crave for variety
in eating, usually of sick people and ha'pow1 n. white mite. Often infests a
lactating mothers. nest after the eggs have hatched.

'haom v. fit together. v. be infested with mites.

ha'pag adj. for a roof to be nearly flat. ha'pow2 v. trim grass, cutting off only
a small amount; skim off the top layer
ha'pey v. accuse s.o. falsely; slander; of grain in a sack if that layer is bad.
lay blame on s.o.
'haptos exis. none.
'hapì v. for s.t. such as wind to flatten
plants. ha'puhap v. stroke or caress with the
palm of the hand.
hapi-'hapi n. anything.
'hapun1 n. late afternoon, getting dark.
ha'pilà n. kind of small, black, biting Aff: ma-.
ant.
'hapun2 v. for flying animals such as
v. for these small, black ants to bite. birds to land, perch or roost.

'hapiluy n. far side, away from the 'hapyang v. squat.

crowd.
'hapyas v. apply s.t. by rubbing into a
pa'hapiluy v. be at the far side, away surface.
from the crowd. See main entry: 'piluy.
n. liniment.
ha'pit v. pause s.w. in the middle of a
journey. 'hapyus v. slip out from grip, as of a
limb from a noose or a snake from its
v. ferry s.o. or s.t. across a river. skin.

'hapit adv. nearly; almost. 'harì n. king.

'haplit v. rub s.t. on the body with the kaha'rian n. kingdom.

fingers.
'hasà v. sharpen.
ha'pon n. fishing line, usually with
hook attached; kite string. hasa'an n. whetstone.

hapo'pok adj. short or taut, of rope like 'hasang See main entry: 'asang.
object; short, of time.
ha'sey v. apply heat to and massage an
area of the skin.
 70

'hasta conj. and. 'hawiy Variant: 'hawil. v. let s.t. down

by rope, hanging.
ha'tae-hatae v. for a male person to
have no covering below the waist. ha'wod adj. leader.
Aff: pa-.
'hayad v. offer s.t. to a spirit or deity.
'hathat v. for pants or skirt to sag or See main entry: 'hakyad.
hang loosely below the waist.
ha'yahay adj. comfortable.
'hatod v. take or bring s.t. or s.o. Syn: maga'woy. From: Cebuano.
somewhere or to s.o.
'hayas n. snake.
manha'today n. messenger.
'hayop Variant: 'ayop. v. for light,
'hatsa n. hatchet. Syn: 'wasoy. From: sound or heat to fade or diminish.
Cebuano.
ma'hayop adj. difficult to burn, of
'haun v. remove s.t. from a cooking firewood.
fire.
ha'yù v. for a dead body to stink due to
'haut Variant: 'hout. n. piece of wood decomposition.
used as a seat in a canoe.
ha'yuan n. mudfish.
v. place pieces of wood across the beam
in a canoe to be used as seats. 'hayub v. roast.

ha'wae-hawae v. for a male person to ha'yughug See main entry: 'heghug.

publicly expose the penis without
covering below the waist. Aff: pa-. heb v. gather nectar from flowers, of
bees and butterflies.
hawa'kan n. waist.
heg v. have malaria.
pan'hawak adv. akimbo.
'heghug Variant: ha'yughug. v. sew by
ha'wan v. weed an area. hand.

ha'was adj. unmarried. n. drawstring around the waist.

'haw-as v. unload or get off a vehicle 'hepà v. calm down, of anger, wind or
or boat. boiling water.

'hawì v. retrieve s.t. that was given to hi'banukli v. for people or messages to
another or thrown away. miss each other unknowingly because
they were enroute to each other's place;
'hawil See main entry: 'hawiy. for people to miss each other when one
arrives just after another leaves.
'haw-it Variant: 'saw-it. v. nick s.t. or
s.o. with the tip of a bolo. 'hibat v. lie down.

v. glance at s.o. hi'batan n. bed; bedroom.

 71

'hibì v. pout; be on the verge of crying. Higa'unon n. name of an ethnic group.

hi'big-hibig v. flabby; fat. hi'gawad v. be disappointed at s.o.,

usually because of being let down; have
hi'bì-hibì n. touch-me-not, kind of hurt feelings; resent s.o.
weed that closes its leaves when
touched. Mimosa pudica. 'higayam adv. habitually.

hibod-'hibod v. for a snake to slither. hig'baekan n. road junction. See main

entry: 'bayak.
v. walk with a swaggering motion,
swinging the upper torso from side to 'higbit v. tear.
side.
hig'biton n. shrub that has edible bitter
hi'bot v. swear to the truth of s.t. branch tips which are roasted.

hi'buk-hibuk v. move like a swarm. 'higdas See main entry: 'higjas.

'hibwan v. repair or replace a roof. 'higdup See main entry: 'higjup.

'hidhid v. apply s.t. viscous on a small 'higin v. sway or move together in one
area. direction, as of a rice field in the wind.

'hidjup n. cabonegro palm. See main 'higjas Variant: 'higdas. v. slip.

entry: 'higjup.
'higjup Variant: 'higdup; 'hidjup. n.
'hidlon v. choke on food or feel that cabonegro or sugar palm tree.
food is stuck in the throat.
'hignalì adv. suddenly.
'hidlop v. retract or pull back from s.t.
'higot n. fighting cock.
hi'gad v. conduct a certain kind of
ritual to counteract a plague of disease. 'higpat v. surprise; for s.t. to happen
Spirits appeased in this ritual are unexpectedly or suddenly.
Yu'mud and Ali'mogkat. Offerings are
placed on a raft which is left to float n. kind of disease characterized by
downriver. sudden death.

'higad n. shore of a sea or lake; 'higtok n. fly. Syn: 'yangow.

riverbank. Syn: 'pangpang. From: Usage: archaic.
Cebuano.
hi'gup n. kind of brown dove.
'higajun n. chance or opportunity to do
s.t. 'higup v. sip.

'higas n. body-dirt around neck or 'higwas v. remove dry leaves from

under arms. standing plants such as sugar cane or
corn.
n. sore which develops along body
creases. 'hikam n. mat.
 72

'hikit v. remove things that stick. maghi'lomhom n. bird that is brooding

on eggs.
hi'kog n. noose.
'hil-on v. for the level of s.t. in a
v. snare with a noose. container to subside or settle.

hi'kot n. rope or string for tying. hi'lonà v. settle down in a living

situation. Idiom: Hi'lonà to gin'hawa.
v. tie. ‘Feel relaxed.’.

'hikoy v. prepare food; settle dispute. hi'low adj. raw or not fully cooked, of
food; unripe, of fruit or vegetables.
'hikyup v. drop off to sleep; fall asleep.
hi'lu n. poison.
'hilabi adv. very.
'hilu n. thread; bubbles streaming on
hila'bot v. disturb, molest or touch s.t. the river.
or s.o.
'hilunu v. molt.
hila'bun v. till and weed a field using a
bolo, burying rice seeds. In shifting hi'lus adj. watery consistency, of root
cultivation only. Done after seed is crops. Aff: ma-.
sown.
'hilut v. massage.
hi'là-hilà n. liver flukes.
v. reform behavior.
hi'lam-us v. wash the face.
'hiluwas v. translate; interpret.
hila'pas adv. very.
hi'maekan v. for pigs and chickens to
hilba'buyna n. mint. From: Spanish call a mate; for fowl to be in heat.
herba buena.
'himagà v. for female animals to be in
'hilbas n. kind of herb used to treat heat.
stomach pain. From: Spanish herba.
hi'mamat v. trace relatives.
'hiling v. examine.
'himanow v. worry.
'hilit n. wilderness.
hima'nu v. confer; discuss; gossip.
'hilog n. stone used to rub dirt from the
body. hi'matoy v. kill. See: pa'toy.

v. rub dirt from the body with a stone or hima'yoy v. rest.

towel with water.
hima'yuy v. jinx s.o. by speaking in
hi'lomhom v. for a bird to brood on jest using names of big animals or
eggs. extreme weather terms, jinxing s.o. who
is hunting. Aff: pan-. May be done on
purpose to jinx s.o.'s hunting trip. Big
 73

animals might scare away smaller ones. hina'jun v. for a plan to succeed.
Bad weather might occur. Syn: 'dajun. From: Cebuano dayun.

'himbot See main entry: 'imbot. hina'ki v. anoint the head with a liquid
such as oil.
'himonow v. worry.
hi'nakmò v. rest the chin in the hand.
'himos v. pack things. See: 'takmò.

ma'himos adj. neatly packed. hi'nampot v. mention a name, wish,

event. See main entry: 'sampot.
hi'motang v. settle down in a living
situation. Idiom: Nahimotang to 'hinanad adv. repeatedly perform an
ginhawa. ‘Feel relaxed.’. activity that has proven pleasureable.
See: a'nad.
v. put in place. See main entry: bo'tang.
'hinang v. make; do.
'himpit See main entry: 'hingpit.
v. conduct a ritual.
'himù v. do; make. Syn: 'hinang. From:
Cebuano. n. work; deed.

'himun v. gather. mag'hinangay n. carpenter; worker;

metal or wood carver.
kahi'munan n. gathering, usually for a
good purpose. hi'nangdang v. warm oneself by a fire.

hi'musak v. for rice grains to be filled, 'hindù v. point; show; teach.

a stage in rice growth.
'hingapin adv. excessively.
hi'muud v. separate the useless from
the good. 'hinggat v. invite.

'himyad v. re-dry dried grain after 'hinggawan adv. unexpectedly;

storage. suddenly.

hi'naat v. prepare early or ahead of 'hinggey v. for a dog to growl.

time.
'hinggot n. mark or scar left on s.t.
hi'nadang v. warm oneself at a heat from being tied tightly.
source. See: 'dangka.
'hingguk v. inhale; sniff; breath; smell.
hi'nagpat v. glean in a field. See: gin'hawa.

hi'nà-hinà v. for a moderately long 'hingis adj. cruel. Aff: ma-.

period of time to pass.
'hinglis adj. slick.
hina'jak v. for a plan to fail to
materialize. Syn: 'buylug. From: hi'ngow v. be drunk.
Cebuano hinayak.
 74

tin'hingow n. drunkard. ma'hisù adj. restless; active.

'hingpit Variant: 'himpit. adj. perfect. hisu'bae v. for people or messages to

miss each other unknowingly because
hi'nguud v. remove bones from cooked they were enroute to each other's place;
fish. for people to miss each other when one
arrives just after another leaves.
'hingyow n. fever. Usage: archaic.

'hinlù adj. clean. From: Cebuano. 'hità n. groin.

'hinok adv. stealthily. hita'bù n. event.

ma'hinok adj. stealthy. v. happen. From: Cebuano.

hi'nongdan n. cause or reason for s.t. hiti'bug v. get along well together.

mahinong'danon important. 'hiwà v. cut s.t. with a slicing motion.

hino'ngod See main entry: to'ngod. hi'wanoy v. finish a job.

'hinoy adj. slow. hi'w-as v. finish a job.

hin'tawa pro. who, used as an 'hiwat n. mosquito larva.

interrogative pronoun in direct and
indirect questions; anyone; anybody. 'hiwì adj. crooked.

hi'nug adj. ripe. hi'yab v. drive away or out; shake out.

'hiobos v. have hurt feelings by actions hi'yup v. blow.

or words of s.o. Syn: 'sawà. From:
Cebuano ubus. 'hobhob v. for earth to cave in.

'hipid v. keep s.t. in a safe place. ho'bog v. be drunk.

'hipos v. keep or put away scattered pala'hobog n. drunkard.

things in their proper place.
ho'bong v. hide.
hipu'wakì v. disagree.
'hobyas v. for s.t. cloth like which is
'hisgut v. discuss s.t. hanging to fall, drop, or be pulled down.

hisgu'tanan n. topic. ho'dong v. decrease the heat of a

cooking fire.
'hisnang v. move.
'hodong See main entry: 'hojong.
hi'soy-ong v. be close together; be
similar; be side by side. 'hodos v. for the wind to blow.

'hisù v. move. 'hogmak v. collapse, of a structure.

 75

ho'got v. tighten; tie s.t. securely. ho'nay n. lover, one with whom one
has extra-marital relations.
adj. firm, of intentions and feelings.
'hondà voc. hi! greeting somewhat
manhumo'got n. one who is firm in equivalent to 'Hi!'.
intentions and feelings.
ho'ngae v. for rice panicles to be empty
'hogpà v. for swarms or clouds of s.t. of grain before harvesting.
to land on s.t. else, such as fog and
locusts. ho'ngahos v. pant.

'hojod v. lessen pain. ho'nod v. clean intestines of a

butchered animal.
'hojong Variant: 'hodong; 'hoyong. v.
for a tree or house to shake rapidly. ho'nok adj. quiet; silent; calm.
Aff: ma-.
ho'jop n. totem animal representing the
body of a person, the owner. The v. be quiet.
animal, usually a chicken or pig, is
made into a totem in a ritual, often a 'honong v. stop.
healing ritual. Said spirit or spirits
causing the sickness are given the 'hoo v. yes.
animal to harm, rather than the body of
that person. That healed person is ho'ot v. be squeezed tightly.
charged with caring for the animal
totem, until the animal dies a natural 'hopas v. lose potency, of wine or
death or is sacrificed and replaced with medicine.
a younger living animal.
v. subside, of anger.
ho'los v. keep for one's own use things
meant to be passed on to others. 'hopong v. swell, of s.o.'s body or part
of a body.
'hombey See main entry: 'humbue.
v. have complete array of some resource
ho'mut adj. fragrant. Aff: ma-. such as money, intelligence, clothes,
food or kindness.
v. smell s.t. fragrant.
'hopot v. have a position of
paho'mut n. perfume. responsibility.

honà-'honà v. think. 'hout See main entry: 'haut.

n. thought. ho'yak v. for animals to learn to avoid

danger from experience or observation.
ho'nas v. polish or scrub s.t. metallic.
'hoyom v. for sunshine to be dimmed
'honat1 v. lift. by thick overcast clouds.

'honat2 v. serve food. 'hoyong See main entry: 'hojong.

 76

ho'yung v. shelter from the rain or the hu'gun v. accept a marriage proposal.
heat of the sun.
'hugut v. pull out s.t. long from a hole,
'hubad v. unfasten. pile or bunch.

hubae-'hubae adj. fickle. hu'jab-hujab v. move up and down, of

soil. Indicates muddy ground beneath.
'hubod adj. inefficient. Aff: ma-. Some plants may grow above.

'hubuk v. for the body to swell. 'hukas v. undress.

hu'dà exis. none. Hinu'kasan n. swan maiden; name of a

mythical person.
'hudat interj. serves you right!
exclamation of rejoicing at s.o.'s 'hukmiy adj. cool; moist. Aff: ma-.
misfortune, accompanied with the
action of pulling down one's lower 'hukmilan v. become cool and moist.
eyelid at the person.
'hukow v. feel lazy or disinclined to do
'hudhud v. dump; pour; spill. s.t.

'hudi v. be behind others. hu'kum v. judge s.o.

ma'hudi adj. last. 'hukut v. for a group to attack or

voraciously eat a victim.
'hudihan n. hind legs.
'hulid v. sleep together.
'hue-us n. snakeskin that has been
shed. 'huligas v. die.

hu'gab n. first catch ever of a hunting 'Hulyu n. July.

dog, hunter, or trap. Must be eaten in
the house of the hunter, or owner of the 'humalin interj. as usual; reply to a
dog or trap. greeting.

'hugad v. remove debris blocking a 'humbue Variant: 'hombey. v. cook

river. bundles of rice wrapped in leaves in
bamboo tube over fire.
v. purify spiritually sin (saè), curses
('sumpà), or taboos (pa'lihon), often hu'moy n. unhusked rice; rice plant.
ritually.
'humajan n. rice field.
'hugak adv. loosely.
'hunak v. for small ripe fruit to fall
'hugas v. wash anything but clothes. from a tree.

'hugnak v. collapse. 'hun-ap n. scales of fish or reptiles.

'hugnus v. pull s.t. downward by force. 'hun-apan v. remove scales.

 77

hu'ngit adj. eager to fight, of an animal 'hupoy v. ease s.o.'s grief or anger.
such as a carabao, dog or fighting cock.
hur'nigas n. small red biting ant.
hu'ngow v. evaporate; dissipate.
'hushus v. drive away a pig.
v. air s.t. out.
interj. shoo! word used to drive away a
v. release emotions. pig.

hi'nungow n. vapor. 'husoy v. settle a dispute.

hu'ngun v. forge or smith articles out 'hutad adj. slow moving. Aff: ma-.
of metal.
hu'tang-hutang v. for a lot of people to
v. make up a story or lie. be lying around dead or sick. Aff: nang-
.
mag'hungunay n. smith; blacksmith;
goldsmith. 'huthut v. hoot of a turtle dove.

'hungus v. for two or more people to 'hutoy adv. freely, of movement.

help one another in work; help
mutually. ma'hutoy adj. freely mobile.

'hungut n. bamboo drinking vessel. 'huub v. gut or remove intestines,

usually from a fish.
'hungyam v. enjoy fruit of others' labor
without exerting effort on one's part. hu'yabut v. suddenly unsheath weapon
Aff: na-, ka-. or tool.

'huni n. sound of birds and certain 'huyad v. for a normally erect object to
insects and animals. lean or incline.

'hun-it v. hold s.t. with the teeth and hu'yakbit adv. say s.t. abruptly.
tear it apart by moving the head and the
object apart. 'huyanà adv. suddenly.

'hunuk v. for insects and animals to 'huyas v. perspire.

gather on s.t. to eat.
n. perspiration.
'Hunyu n. June.
'Huybis n. Thursday.
'hupì n. elephant ear plant, a kind of
tuber; taro. Colocasia esculenta; 'huyhuy v. for shoulders or wings to
Colocasia antiquorum. sag.

'hupit adj. well done, of work. Aff: ma- 'huyop v. have a nightmare.
. Considered as demon attacks during
sleep.
hu'pow v. skim off the top portion of
grain stored in a container.
 78

'huyow v. for the weather to become 'idam v. conceive; experience the early
dry. stages of pregnancy. Aff: paN-.

ting'huyow exis. for it to be the dry pangi'daman n. things a conceiving

season or a time of drought. woman desires.

'huyun v. for insects to swarm around i'dangdang n. song type.

s.t. smelly or sweet.
'idas n. spouse's sibling's spouse, if one
or both are female. If you are a man, the
wife of your wife's brother is your 'idas
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (the husband of your wife's sister is
~~~~~ NOT your 'idas). If you are a woman,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the wife or husband of your husband's
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ brother or sister is your 'idas. The
above definition may be a traditional
view, some men currently call the
husband of their wife's sister 'idas.
Some people consider this latter usage
incorrect usage of the word 'idas.
See: bi'las.

'id-id v. scratch an itch by rubbing the

I - i body against s.t. hard.

'ibà n. kind of tree that bears small 'idla adj. wild; untamed. Aff: ma-.
green sour fruit. Averrhoa bilimbi.
i'dob n. point.
Ibaba'suk n. rice spirit, female.
Believed to take care of agriculture, mai'dob adj. sharp; pointed.
especially rice. Appeased before
planting and at harvest. i'dù n. dog.

'ibak v. participate or interfere in a mai'duidu adj. like dog sexually, of a

group activity. man.

i'bid n. green lizard; agamid lizard. i'dud v. move about on the floor by
scooting; sitting on the floor and
i'bis n. kind of small white freshwater propelling oneself with the arms.
fish.
idu'kar v. educate. Syn: a'nad. From:
i'bog v. want or covet s.t. Spanish.

'Ibu n. name of a female spirit. 'igang n. large rock.

Believed to be the queen of the
underworld (u'bue). i'gatang adv. at least; just enough.

i'dad n. age. 'igda adv. insistently urge s.o. to do s.t.

 79

i'gì voc. girl! term of address to a ila'bù n. kind of freshwater fish that
younger female. looks like a grouper.

i'git v. have diarrhea. I'lag n. name of a mythical person.

bagi'git adj. always having diarrhea, of i'lag adj. translucent; transparent; light
a person or animal. in complexion. Aff: ma-.

'igù adj. enough. ila'id v. scratch an itch by rubbing the

body against s.t. hard.
v. fit; hit a target, usually with a
projectile. i'las See main entry: bi'las.

pai'guon v. accommodate s.o. 'ilas v. have bad luck or be jinxed in an

endeavor because another person made
i'hap v. count. a request based on the presumed success
of that endeavor. For example, when a
'ihì n. urine. man was going somewhere to apply for
a job, his daughter begged him for some
v. urinate. money to buy her some tsinelas with the
money he would get from the presumed
ii'yanon adj. only; unique member of a job. In another case, s.o. was going
certain class. fishing, but before he left a companion
asked for the head of the presumed fish
i'kagi v. say. See: 'kagi. that he was going to catch.

'ikid v. dodge; move away from s.t. 'ilid v. for a small child to walk around
quickly. steadying itself on objects.

i'kow pro. you; your; oblique second 'ilihan n. safe house used in times of
person singular. war.

'iksi adj. active. i'ling v. for s.o. to say s.t. (direct

quotation); for s.o. to call s.t. by name;
'ikug n. tail. for s.o. to direct s.t. (a course of action).

i'kugan n. "tailed-men" who once v. do.

invaded the Agusan river valley. Also
known as 'tidung. See main entry: 'ikug. ili'ngon v. do this; for s.o. to do s.t. as
will be specified or exemplified
'ikyat adj. alert; quick. following (introducing procedural
discourse).
i'la n. mark of identification; mole;
birthmark. v. go.

v. identify; recognize. pai'ling v. go; go this way; for s.o. to

go s.w. as will be specified (introducing
'ilà adj. dirty. Aff: ma-. procedural discourse on movement).
 80

'ilis v. change or replace s.t. with n. mark.

another, as in clothes.
in'digpon n. end.
i'lob v. spit.
'indos v. defecate.
n. saliva; sputum.
n. excrement.
'ilog v. take s.t. away by force.
indosan anus; toilet or comfort room.
ilo'gon n. small intestines.
pa'ngindos to ya'ngosa n. dysentery.
'ilok n. armpit.
'indoy interj. I donÕt know.
i'lokon v. strike s.o. in the armpit.
pa'ngindoy say "I don't know".
iluy'-iluy n. studs of a house.
Usage: archaic. in'dukon n. messenger; errand boy.

'iman v. expect. in'dunu v. donate. From: Cebuano.

'imbita v. invite. From: Spanish. I'neru n. January.

'imbot Variant: 'himbot. v. think s.t. i'ngaè v. for a carabao to bellow.

mistakenly.
'ingey1 See main entry: 'dingey.
'imot v. exhaust; consume.
'ingey2 v. disturb a person or spirit.
'impis n. fish fry. See: o'ngae.

ma'ngimpis n. fish with fry. 'inggad adv. even.

i'mù-imù v. conserve a resource or conj. even if.

commodity by slacking off its
consumption. 'inggad hin'tawa adv. anybody.

adj. thrifty. 'inggad ka'gan-u adv. anytime.

inabo'nan n. crop of a bird. 'inggad 'man-u adv. any quantity.

ina'bot v. interfere. 'inggad no'koy adv. anything.

i'nakad n. contents of the stomach and 'inggad ogka'amonu adv. come what
intestines. may.

i'naon n. aunt. 'inggad 'wadà adj. even if there is

none.
i'nay voc. mother! term of address to
one's mother. 'inggit v. tease.

in'dan v. mark for identification. 'inggok v. make a little sound. Aff: pa-.
 81

'ingkud v. sit. 'intok adj. small.

ing'kudan chair; bench. 'intos n. sugarcane wine.

i'ngod n. under. i'nuenan Variant: i'ninan. n. placenta;

umbilical cord.
i'ngodnon n. people living under the
sky. Idiomatic reference to human 'inyus adj. tapering. Aff: ma-.
beings.
'ipag n. sister-in-law; female related by
'ingog v. be disturbed while doing s.t. marriage; brother's wife; spouse's sister.
private such as defecating, urinating, or Syn: u'jà.
while in maternal labor.
'ipat v. share s.t. with s.o.
ini'but v. do s.t. little by little.
i'pi1 Variant: a'pi. v. cheat in dividing
i'ninan See main entry: i'nuenan. or sharing s.t., giving out unequal
shares.
'init v. heat s.t.
i'pi2 v. for s.t. to be on the side of s.t.
i'ninit no wo'hig n. hot water; hot else. Aff: pa-.
water ordeal used to prove innocence or
guilt, whereby the suspect is made to i'ping n. twins.
pick up an object at the bottom of an
earthen pot of boiling water. 'ipos n. kind of small cockroach.

ino'god v. strain as in childbirth or i'pù-ipu n. whirlwind.

defecation.
irat-i'rat n. kind of edible frog.
i'nom v. drink.
i'sa n. cardinal number one, used only
im'nanon n. drinks; wine. in counting.

i'nomon n. drinks; wine. i'sab Variant: u'sab. adv. also; again.

pala'inom adj. fond of alcohol. v. repeat s.t.; change s.t.

'inoy n. mother. interj. also! expression of sympathy.

in'saktu adv. exactly. From: English. 'isdà n. fish.

'intap adj. wild, of animals. Aff: ma-. mangi'ngisdà n. fisherman.

v. for animals to become untamed, like ma'ngisda v. go fishing.

a wild animal.
'isig Variant: 'isog. v. move a little
'intey v. stick to decision or opinion; sideways.
refuse to negotiate unless demands are
met. Aff: pa-. 'isip v. think. Syn: honà'honà. From:
Cebuano.
 82

'is-is interj. sic! word used to 'itsa v. toss. From: Cebuano.

command a dog to pursue game.
See: a'gis-is. 'itung adj. selfish; unsharing. Aff: ma-.

'islom n. breakfast. 'itus v. boil s.t. to evaporate and reduce

the volume.
'isog adj. brave. Syn: 'buyut. From:
Cebuano isug. 'ityug n. testicle.

'isog See main entry: 'isig. 'iwat v. turn s.t. long on a horizontal
plane.
is'pat n. flashlight. From: Cebuano.
'iyà voc. term of address for younger
is'pihu n. mirror. From: Spanish. female.

is'turya n. story. From: English. 'iyak

i'sù-isu adv. nearly. pa'ngiyak v. scream.

interj. nearly! expressed by someone i'yan part. yes; emphatic particle

who has nearly met an accident. usually of agreement.

'iswak v. for a rice panicle to appear. iyan-'iyan adj. yes it is.

Stage of rice growth.
kaiyan-'iyan adj. daring.
i'ta pro. us; we; our; first person plural
or dual inclusive oblique case pronoun. maiyan-'iyan adj. tricky; fond of
twisting information.
ita'now pro. us; we; our; first person
group or plural inclusive oblique case 'iyas n. maggot.
pronoun.
'iyom v. smile. Aff: pa-.
i'tay voc. term of address for father.
i'yu pro. you; your; second person
i'ti n. bird dung. plural oblique case pronoun.

v. for birds to excrete. i'yut v. copulate.

i'tib-itib adv. do s.t. bit by bit. bagi'yut adj. fond of copulation.

'itik n. muscovy or mallard duck; duck pangi'yutan n. part of the body nearest
that does not brood. See: 'patu; to the anus (between the anus and the
ka'gingking. sexual organs).

'itis v. pour liquid.

'it-it v. nibble.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
i'tom adj. black; dark.
~~~~~
 83

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
K - k
ka1 pro. you (singular); absolutive case
second person singular.

ka2 part. of; linker between a numeral

and a noun.

J - j 'kabae n. flying lemur.

ja'bu v. dump; pour; spill; throw s.t. n. flying lizard.

away forcefully from a container.
ka'bajù n. horse. From: Cebuano.
ja'hot v. feel resent. Aff: na-.
kabà-'kabà n. butterfly; moth.
kaja'hot n. resentment.
ka'baywa n. kind of fragrant lemon
ja'kow n. small red ant. shaped lime with double lobed leaves.

ja'ngò v. nod the head. ka'bean Variant: kabo'yuan. See main

entry: bo'yù.
jawà-ja'wà Variant: yawà-ya'wà. n.
spider. 'kabig v. straighten or steer a boat by
pulling the oar toward oneself.
jo'pot Variant: do'pot. adj. short.
Aff: ma-. v. win s.o. over to one's position.

v. make s.t. short. 'kabiy n. backpack.

ju'bì adj. weak, of a person, house, or 'kabò n. clothes.

faith. Aff: ma-.
kina'boan adj. kind of rank of a warrior
kaju'bì n. weakness. Idiom: maju'bì to with who has killed more than twelve
gin'hawa ‘easily discouraged’. enemies.

jubu-ju'bu n. fine hair on the body; fine kabo'bot-on n. decision.

feathers on a bird, smaller than down.
ka'bog n. large kind of bat.
'jumit adj. soft and springy, such as a
pile of rice straw. Aff: ma-. kabo'tang n. situation in life in terms of
wealth and health. See main entry:
junak-ju'nak v. be soft and springy, bo'tang.
such as fat.
kabo'yù v. scold. See main entry:
bo'yù.
 84

ka'bù n. dipper. Syn: 'boung. From: 'kadu 2 n. kind of skin disease

Cebuano. characterised by scaly skin, possibly
scurvy.
ka'bue v. dry fry starch such as sago
starch. ka'dung n. puppy.

kabug'wason n. morning star. kadung-ka'dung n. mole cricket;

grasshopper-like flying insect that bites.
ka'bunae n. kind of vine used for violet Syn: a'buab.
dye. Vine is boiled to make the dye.
kaè See main entry: 'kae-i.
ka'bus v. be short, not reaching the
other point; be short of provisions. kae'anon n. kind of rattan that grows in
low places.
'kabut v. dig. Syn: 'kadkad.
'kae-at v. pity.
kabu'yà n. hawk.
'kaebaw Variant: 'kaebow; 'karabaw. n.
'kabyang n. enemy. carabao.

'kada adj. every. From: Spanish. 'kaebihid n. kind of tree that bears sour
fruit. Spondias pinnata. Leaves used
'kadae v. grate. medicinally.

ka'dayan n. grater; utensil with a rough 'kaebow See main entry: 'kaebaw.
surface on which to grate camotes,
cassava, young corn or coconuts. kae'gajan n. wealth. Usage: archaic.

ka'dang-ka'dang v. squat with the feet 'kaehà n. frying pan with a handle and
flat on the ground. Aff: paN-. curved sides.

'kadi v. give it to me! 'kaehikas n. rustling sound made by

walking through dry leaves.
'kadiyà n. kind of fragrant herb.
'kae-i Variant: kaè. v. watch out! threat
'kadkad v. dig. Syn: 'kabut. made to a person who is teasing one.

kadla'ganon n. wild animal. 'kaeitan n. barren land charactersied by

reddish clay soils and small trees.
'kadlom n. kind of fragrant herb.
Pogostemon cablin. 'kaeju n. fire.

kado'ngey n. kind of bird, falconet. 'kaeling n. rust.

kado'pang Variant: kodo'pang. n. 'kaemag n. wind.

lower hips or lower back of a person,
below the waist. 'kaemaju v. for a wound to be infected.
Said to be caused by the sun's heat.
'kadu1 See main entry: 'kaju.
 85

'kaembuoy Variant: 'kambuoy. n. kind ka'gan-u interr. when.

of large aquatic snail.
ka'gaskas v. make a rustling noise.
'kaemugad See main entry: 'kamugad.
'kagat v. bite.
'kaengag n. kind of bird similar to
parrot, with a red beak. 'kagi n. word; utterance.

'kaepat n. kind of parasitic tree. Birds v. say s.t.

eat fruit of this tree.
ka'gì n. kind of small bat that lives in
'kaepi n. kind of rattan that bears house ceilings and vine covered trees.
edible sweet-sour fruit and has edible
tops. ka'gidkid v. make a scratching sound.

tingpa'ngaepi exis. be the harvest 'kaging v. dried stiff.

season for 'kaepi rattan fruit (around
November). ka'gingking n. kind of long legged
brown colored water bird with a very
'kaepihon adj. brown and black, of a short tail.
chicken, similar to the color of rattan
fruit. 'kagis v. scrape s.t. off a surface.

'kaes adj. easily consumed. Aff: ma-. 'kagot v. make a grinding sound.

'kaesag n. semi rectangular shield. 'kagow n. germ.

See: ta'ming.
n. kind of white, hairy mite that causes
'kaesagan n. male agamid lizard with scabies.
the high fin.
ka'gue n. bamboo gong. Used as a
'kaetkat v. climb s.t. without a ladder. musical instrument and for signalling.

'kaewaan n. twenty. ka'gùkù n. bell pepper. Capsicum

annuum. Usage: archaic.
'kaewaan mey 'lima n. twenty five.
'kagyas n. kind of palm tree with
'kaewinit v. for a sticky substance to yellow leaves and sheath. Tops are said
spin a thread, such as syrup or mucus. to be good food for lactating mothers.

'kaewit n. pruning blade on a long 'kahig v. rake; scratch.

stick.
ka'himtang n. living situation.
ka'gakae v. make a crashing or Syn: kabo'tang. From: Cebuano.
shattering noise.
kahu'yugan n. meaning.
paka'gakae v. spread out ko'dong
seeds to dry. 'kaja v. fish.

'kagang n. crab.
 86

ka'jad n. basket made of made of ka'li2 n. kind of strong vine used in

bayuy or tabwan leaves, reinforced by weaving fish traps and for tying.
rattan strips and sealed with
tabontabon seeds, used for harvesting ka'libang v. have diarrhea. Syn: pa'igit.
rice. From: Cebuano libang.

kajagas-'jagas n. kind of small brown kali'butan n. world; skies; universe.

bird.
ka'ligà n. harvest festival.
'kajam n. jaundice.
v. hold a harvest festival.
v. for infants to be afflicted with
jaundice. Ka'ligaan n. spirit, said to be
benevolent, that controls the harvest.
ka'jawan n. strong bamboo with See: ka'ligà.
thorns, good as building material.
ka'ligkig v. strain at pulling or lifting
ka'jomotan n. kind of bird. s.t. so that one's body shakes.

'kaju Variant: 'kadu. n. tree; wood. ka'lim-an n. fifty.

kaka'juhan n. forest. ka'lim-an mey 'daduwa n. fifty two.

pa'ngaju v. gather firewood. kali'mug v. gargle.

'kakae v. for fowl or monkeys to kalimu'tow n. dark part of the eye, iris
scratch for seeds on the ground. and pupil; pupil of eye; eyeball.

tigpa'ngakae exis. time of the year ka'lindaan n. old camote field.

where fruit is scarce and fowl and
monkeys scratch for seeds on the 'kaling conj. therefore.
ground.
kali'ngag Variant: kani'ngag. n.
kaka'gaskas See main entry: ka'gaskas. nutmeg.

'kakak v. cluck; for a hen to make a n. cinnamon. Cinnamomum mercadoi.

certain sound to attract a male or when
about to lay eggs. ka'lintuu n. right side.

ka'kali See main entry: ka'li. ka'lipì n. small pouch used to contain
tobacco and betel nut ingredients.
'kakoy n. older sibling.
ka'lisow n. nut chewed with other betel
kal'diru n. cooking pot. Syn: kan'didu. ingredients.
From: Spanish.
kali'watan n. descendents.
ka'li1 v. dig. Syn: ka'puon. From: Cebuano liwat.

ka'kali n. digging stick, pointed at one ka'liyaan n. kind of large tree used for
end, for digging sweet potato. building materials.
 87

kaliyak-'liyak n. kind of bird, the ka'miging n. praying mantis.

graybird. Make a sound like its name.
ka'moy v. call s.o. forward or closer by
ka'liyas n. noose trap for wild roosters. hand sign.

kali'yopò See main entry: 'kopò. 'kampà v. for health, wealth or

livelihood to improve.
ka'lut n. rice header, kind of hand tool
used in harvesting (ko'tu) rice panicles. adj. be better off than the others.

kama'gung n. kind of large hardwood 'kampey v. mold s.t. into a shape.

tree, highly valued dark wood.
Diospyros discolor. n. lump.

'kamahung n. kind of edible beetle kam'pilan n. war bolo.

which is also edible in the larval stage
(a'batod) and breeds in certain palm kinam'pilan n. kind of war dance.
trees.
'kamping v. go camping. From:
kama'jungan n. kind of rattan that is English.
good for tying, reinforcements of
pandan baskets, and for weaving ka'mudla n. kind of medicinal herb,
baskets. stem of which is used to treat
gastrointestinal disorders.
ka'manjang n. kind of tree, resinous
sap of which is burned as incense. 'kamugad Variant: 'kaemugad. v.
frequent a place.
ka'mansi n. breadfruit tree and fruit.
Artocarpus camansi. ka'muti n. camote; sweet potato.

'kamas v. scratch with fingernails or 'kamyas n. claw.

claws.
v. claw or scratch, shallower in
'kamay n. dark brown sugar. From: penetration than 'kambang.
Cebuano.
kan det. the; that; absolutive or oblique
'kambang v. scratch with fingernails or case, definite. Syn: si'kan.
claws, as a weapon, deeper in
penetration than 'kamyas. 'kanak pro. I; me; my; mine; oblique
case first person singular. Syn: 'kanay.
'kambue n. basket made of bayuy or
tabwan leaves that can contain one or ka'nami pro. us; we; our; oblique case
more sacks of grain. first person plural exclusive.

'kambuoy See main entry: 'kaembuoy. 'kanap v. for a person or baby to crawl
on hands and knees.
'kami Variant: si'kami. pro. we; us;
absolutive emphatic first person plural 'kanay pro. I; me; my; mine; oblique
exclusive. case first person singular. Syn: 'kanak.
 88

ka'nayum n. kind of tree the bark of ka'nunoy adv. always; frequently.

which is boiled as a violet dye.
ka'pajas n. papaya.
'kandan pro. they; them; theirs; oblique
case third person plural (also 'kap-atan n. forty.
absolutive).
'kap-atan mey ta'toyu n. forty three.
kan'didu n. cooking pot.
Usage: archaic. ka'pi n. coffee. From: Cebuano.

kan'diis n. kind of tree that bears sour ka'pì n. poultice.

round edible fruit. Garcinia sp..
v. apply a poultice.
kan'dilà n. candle. Syn: 'tadu. From:
Spanish. ka'pila interr. how often? See main
entry: 'pila.
'kandin pro. he; she; him; her; his;
hers; oblique case third person singular kapi'pis n. kind of small basket made
(also absolutive). of pandan leaves, reinforced by rattan
strips, and made waterproof by a paste
'kanding n. goat. From: Cebuano. of tabun-'tabun seeds, slung on the
shoulder like a handbag. Usually used
kan'due Variant: kun'due. n. kind of to carry tobacco and betelnut chewing
cucumber like melon that grows on a ingredients.
vine. Benincasa hispida.
ka'pituan n. seventy.
'kani n. here. Syn: 'dini.
'kapjut v. climb s.t. cylindrical using a
'kanikow pro. you; your; yours; hugging motion with feet and hands.
oblique case second person singular.
Syn: i'kow. 'kapog n. pouches in the cheeks of
monkeys.
kani'ngag See main entry: kali'ngag.
ka'pook n. problem.
'kaniyu pro. you; your; yours; oblique
case second person plural. Syn: i'yu. ka'pun-an n. stem or base of a plant or
stree; stump of a tree.
'kan-oman n. sixty.
ka'puyan n. brass container for betelnut
'kan-oman mey 'lima n. sixty five. chewing equipment and ingredients.

'kanta v. sing. 'karabaw See main entry: 'kaebaw.

n. song. Syn: 'tod-om. kar'sada n. road. Syn: 'dayan. From:

Spanish.
ka'nugun interj. what a waste!
exclamation in regret of the waste or 'kartun n. box. From: English carton.
loss of s.t.
kasa'bagan adj. use.
v. waste. See main entry: a'nugun.
 89

ka'sad-kasad v. shuffle one's feet or kat'-ihan n. backwater. After a dry

walk noisily. spell, fish are trapped in it and are easily
caught.
ka'sal n. wedding. Syn: 'minyò. From:
Cebuano. 'katluan n. thirty.

ka'sem adv. tomorrow. 'katluan mey 'pitu n. thirty seven.

ka'siaman n. ninety. 'katmun n. kind of tree which bears

green sour segmented fruit about the
ka'sili n. eel. size of a golf ball; grows along river
banks or flooded land.
ka'silyas n. toilet. Syn: in'dusan. From:
Cebuano. 'katri n. bed. Syn: hi'batan. From:
Cebuano.
'kasing n. toy top that spins.
ka'tuan n. ecmo vine.
v. play with a top.
ka'tubi n. kind of tree with small white
kasing-'kasing n. heart. Syn: bula'bula, fruit. Related to the 'tambis tree.
pu'sung. From: Cebuano.
ka'tujù n. nocturnal black civet with
'kasku n. boat made for a motor. From: white spots and white rings around the
Cebuano. tail.

'kaslog adj. swift-flowing, of water. ka'tumbae n. small red pepper.

Aff: ma-. Capsicum frutescens.

kas'tigu v. punish. From: Spanish. kauga'lingon adj. one's own.

ka'sugudan n. meander in a river. See 'kawà n. large pan with curved sides.
main entry: 'sugud.
ka'wad n. hook for catching fish, used
katag'bungan n. mosquito bat. with a line.

ka'tagsa n. cousin. 'pangawad v. set a series of fishhooks

in order to catch fish.
'kati v. lure birds into a trap using a
decoy. ka'wae adj. left side.

ka'tian n. decoy bird. ka'wang v. be depleted, less than full.

'katig n. outrigger. 'kawas v. get off, esp. from a vehicle.

katiga'junan n. property. See: tiga'jun. 'kawat v. steal.

ka'tigbu n. kind of small melon about ka'wayuan n. eighty.

the size of an egg.
 90

kayagas-'yagas n. kind of small brown 'kepkup v. cover s.t. three-dimensional

bird about five to six inches from beak with a layer of s.t.
to tail that eats worms and larvae.
ki1 pro. we; us; absolutive case first
'kayas n. fright. person plural or dual inclusive.

ka'yasan v. be frightened. ki2 det. to; oblique case determiner for

singular personal proper nouns.
'kaylu n. beyond or the other side of
s.t. ki'at Variant: ki'dat. v. for an eyelid to
be disfigured by a scar.
v. go to the other side of s.t.
'kibey n. rain clouds.
ka'yog n. worm.
'kibit1 v. predict the health of a
'kayow n. hornbill. newborn child or forthcoming labor by
means of a ceremony conducted by a
'kayoy v. put s.t. away in a high place. shaman using an egg.

'kayù n. hat. 'kibit2 for water to reach the edge of a

container; for a stream to overflow or
ka'yugkug See main entry: 'kegkug. flood its bank.

ka'yung n. empty shell of molluscs, ki'but n. sting of a bee or wasp.

turtles and eggs.
'kibyat v. for light to flash.
'kayus v. claw or scratch, shallower in
penetration than 'kambang, deeper than ki'dat See main entry: ki'at.
'kamyas.
ki'dò v. wink.
kè Variant: ko'yò. v. for cloth to
shrink. ki'duy adj. having one eye smaller than
the other, of a person. See: pi'duy.
kebayba'jan n. hand rail.
'kigaw n. kind of plant used to make
'kegkug Variant: ka'yugkug. n. kind of fish poison.
large basket woven from split bamboo
used to store corn ears. ki'giwon n. kind of shrimp-like
freshwater crustacean about six inches
'kengagù Variant: 'kengegù. n. doe; long with blue stripes along the body.
female deer.
ki'got v. for clothes to fit tightly.
'kengegù See main entry: 'kengagù.
'kìkì n. particles in the teeth.
'kepkep n. kind of small greyish edible
mushroom with scalloped edges and v. pick the teeth.
very short stem that grows on dead trees
during the rainy season. 'kilas adj. unsteady, of a boat or plane.
Aff: ma-.
 91

'kilat n. lightning. kina'tudù See main entry: kina'tujù.

kila'tujù See main entry: kina'tujù. kina'tujù Variant: kila'tujù; kina'tudù.

n. kind of long curved bolo.
'kilid n. side of s.o. or edge of s.t.
'kindae n. skin.
ki'ling n. kind of large bamboo with
spiny branches. Good for building 'kingking n. little digit (little finger or
materials. toe).

'kiling v. tilt. 'kinhod v. decrease.

ki'lò v. wink. 'kinhus v. for things to be slightly short

of being flush, face-to-face or of equal
ki'los v. shrink, not of cloth but of length.
things such as dried leaves.
'kin-ob n. canyon.
'kiloy n. eyebrow.
ki'now pro. we; us; absolutive case
panghi'ngiloy v. pluck one's eyebrows. first person group or plural inclusive.

ki'mud n. youngest child. kinsa'sawi n. kind of small black bird

that eats insects. Presence of this bird
'kimut v. close an opening by bringing indicates presence of monkeys.
edges together. Monkeys are said to disturb insects
which these birds eat.
kina'adman n. wisdom. From:
Cebuano. kinsi'baja Variant: pinakasi'baja. v.
care nothing for s.o.
kina'bajù n. tool for stripping abaca
fiber. kipi'an n. kind of small basket woven
from pandan leaves used to store grain.
kina'boan See main entry: 'kabò.
ki'pos v. for fruits, vegetables, a body
kina'buhì n. life. See main entry: bu'hì. or seeds to shrink in size; for a swelling
to reduce in size.
ki'naebow n. middle finger.
Syn: ting'kaebow, tingga'gabow. 'kiput v. for a wound to close.
Usage: Adgawan dialect.
ki'put adj. narrow, of a path or hole;
kina'hangyan v. need. virgin, of a woman.

kina'iya n. nature; custom. 'kiskis v. scrape. Syn: 'kagis. From:

Cebuano.
kinara'an n. tradition of people who
lived long ago. 'kisngob v. depress an indentation in
the earth.
n. ancestors.
n. depression in the earth.
adj. ancient, of customs.
 92

'kisok v. scream in anguish. 'kiyob v. for s.t. to be concave.

kis'tigus v. testify. 'kiyu pro. you; absolutive case

emphatic second person plural.
n. witness. From: Spanish.
ko conj. if; when.
ki'sue Variant: ku'sue. n. kind of
fragrant rhizome used as a herb to treat 'kobà n. heart palpitation and
colds and cough. insecurity caused by fear or worry of
impending doom.
'kita pro. we; absolutive case emphatic
first person plural or dual inclusive. 'kobasae n. squash.

'kità v. see. ko'bis v. tap s.o. with a plucking

motion.
ki'kità v. meet s.o.
'kobkob v. munch or chew on s.t.
pa'kità v. show s.t. to s.o. crunchy.

pakità'kità v. show off. n. crunching sound made when

munching s.t. crunchy.
pa'ngità v. notice s.t.
'koblit v. tap s.o. with a plucking
'kitanow pro. we; us; absolutive case motion ; pluck a guitar.
first person group or plural inclusive.
Syn: si'kitanow. ko'bong n. leg; lower limb.

ki'ting n. ankle; heel; achilles tendon. ko'bos v. submit to an authority.

Aff: pa-.
v. sever the Achilles tendon.
'kob-os v. lower the level of water,
ki'top v. husk a single grain of rice or fever or price.
melon seed with the teeth and eat the
inside. 'kobot v. pinch.

'kiud v. thrust the pelvis as in ko'dap-kodap v. for eyes or a light to

copulation. blink rapidly in succession or flicker.
Aff: pa-.
'kiwot n. kind of small fly-like bee that
does not sting. Builds black ko'dey v. for a part of the body to ache
honeycombs inside hollow wood with a or feel sore.
very small entrance.
'kodkod v. wind or wrap with s.t. long,
ki'yambù n. mosquito net. as a python.
Syn: 'pabyun.
ko'dog v. stop; for s.t. to fall on s.o. or
ki'yaya v. recognize. s.t.; contact violently.

paki'yaya v. introduce s.o. kodo'mò See main entry: kojo'mò.

 93

kodo'mot See main entry: kojo'mot. 'kò-kò n. chin.

'kodong n. kind of medium sized tree 'kokong v. for one's hand to be gnarled
which bears small sour edible yellow and crippled.
fruit.
'kolis v. for the sun or moon to be in
kodo'pang See main entry: kado'pang. the position of early afternoon; that is,
after it has passed directly overhead,
ko'gà v. startle or shock. about one to two o'clock in the
afternoon.
ko'gae v. dry hard.
kolo'bod v. make a tickling motion.
ko'gang n. scab; scab, coagulated dried
tissue around a wound. v. scribble; write in cursive.

'koghad v. clear mucus out of the ko'long adj. curly.

throat with a loud noise.
komad-'komad v. for small creeping
'kogos v. carry s.t., esp. a child, in the insects to swarm.
arms, hugging it in front of oneself.
ko'mag n. kind of spear, a bit shorter
pa'ngogos v. be a godparent. than a taba'yà, used for spearing wild
pigs.
'kogot n. single stringed violin played
like a cello. 'komò v. clench one's fist.

'kogsik n. squirrel. ki'nomò n. fist.

'kohit v. dish up food from a cooking 'komos v. crumple.

pot and serve.
'komot v. squeeze or grasp by drawing
ko'hus v. for camote or cassava to the fingers inward into a fist.
become overly mature.
kompà-'kompà v. limp; limp severely.
ko'jat v. raise the eyebrows in greeting Aff: pa-.
or affirmation.
'kompò See main entry: 'kopò.
'kojobog n. newborn rodent such as
mice or squirrels. ko'nà adv. no; not.

v. for hands to tremble like newborn 'kongkong v. huddle; draw the

rodents. extremeties close to the body.

kojo'mò Variant: kodo'mò. v. huddle; 'konhà n. step; stage; unit of guards.

hold one's forearms close to one's chest
because of feeling cold or fear. 'konos v. reduce s.t. in size.

kojo'mot Variant: kodo'mot. v. finger ko'not v. wrinkle.

s.t. with a kneading motion.
 94

kontad-'kontad v. shuffle the feet as in ko'tok v. for liquids to solidify, harden

dancing. or congeal.

ko'on v. eat. ko'tong v. stretch out the arm or leg.

koo'non n. staple food such as rice, ko'tu1 n. wart.

corn or camote.
v. have warts on the skin.
pagko'on n. food.
ko'tu2 v. cut rice panicles with a rice
mango'ngoon n. man-eater. header (ka'lut).

ko'pa v. hold one's breath because of kow pro. you; absolutive case second
fear of height. person plural.

ko'pas v. for color to fade. 'kowkow v. spread out or stir small

objects for drying, especially grain.
'kopkop v. embrace; hug.
koy pro. we; us; absolutive first person
'kopò Variant: 'kompò; kali'yopò. n. plural exclusive.
touch-me-not; kind of thorny weed
whose leaves fold up when touched. ko'yas See main entry: 'koyat.

ko'pot v. for an object that is usually 'koyat Variant: 'koyas. n. fright.

suspended to settle on the ground; for a
person to settle in a certain place. v. be frightened.

'koskos v. coil around s.t. like a ko'yaw-koyaw v. be roused from sleep

python. by s.t. urgent, but not yet fully awake.
Aff: paN-.
ko'sog v. stiffen.
'koykoy v. cough till out of breath.
n. muscle.
ko'yò See main entry: kè.
ko'sow-kosow n. sound of water
swishing. ku pro. I; my; mine; ergative case first
person singular.
v. make a swishing motion in the water.
'kubae n. callus.
ko'su n. small biting insect; no-see-um.
v. become calloused.
ko'tik v. beat the gong.
ku'bing n. bamboo Jew's harp.
'kotkot v. for small animals and insects
with sharp teeth, to gnaw at s.t., 'kubra v. collect money that is
especially s.o.'s goods or house. promised or due. From: Cebuano.

'kotob prep. until; as far as. kubu-'kubu v. for a fish to wriggle to

be free.
 95

ku'bung n. tobacco container made curse to void the curse. Curse like vows,
from a bamboo internode. illness or bad luck said to be caused by
evil are also fanned away in this
ku'dae n. fence. manner. The fowl is waved at the
person said to be under the evil
'kudlis See main entry: 'kudlit. influence.

'kudlit Variant: 'kudlis. v. mark. From: ku'japat v. climb or swing across from
Cebuano. branch to branch or structure to
structure.
'kudlung n. single stringed guitar.
kujo'mad Variant: kudo'mad. n. young
kudo'mad See main entry: kujo'mad. hair louse.

'kudon n. clay pot. kujo'pis Variant: kudo'pis. v. for

bananas or seed pods to be nearly
kudo'pis See main entry: kujo'pis. empty, having little or no content.

'kudung v. kneel with the head to the ku'jung v. shake s.t. or s.o. gently.
ground and hands laid forward palms
down. 'kukà Variant: 'kukat. n. kind of small
light-colored frog. Can be heard after
'kuengan n. cage. rain. Name said to be imitative of the
sound they make.
'kues v. be busy doing s.t. when s.t.
else demands attention. 'kukat See main entry: 'kukà.

ku'giot v. make a creaking sound, as of ku'ku n. fingernails; toenails; claws.

a floor or door.
'kù-kù v. cough till out of breath.
'kugpa Variant: 'kugpà. n. breastbone
of a pig; breast of a pig. 'kukugba'nug See main entry:
'kukutba'nug.
v. for a pig to attack by jumping at its
target. 'kukuk n. coucal; kind of dark red
grass bird with a black throat.
v. fall forward onto one's chest. Centropus viridis.

ku'gù v. shake. 'kukutba'nug Variant: 'kukugba'nug. n.

kind of medicinal plant used for
ku'hig v. flick s.t. away using a long strengthening a woman after childbirth.
slender instrument such as a stick. From: 'kuku to ba'nug ‘hawk's claws’.

n. long slender instrument used to flick kula'sisi Variant: kula'lisi; kuli'lisi. n.

things away. kind of small parrot with a red beak and
green feathers. Loriculus philippensis.
'kujab v. fan.
'kulì adj. difficult. Aff: ma-.
pa'ngujab v. conduct a fowl waving
ceremony. Usually done to fan away a
 96

ku'libra n. kind of disease kuli'ngat n. nose-dirt.

characterized by high fever and
reddened, tender skin. pangu'lingat pick one's nose.

v. be afflicted with this disease. A ku'lintas n. necklace.

dangerous disease that attacks children
mostly. The child will have a high kulin'tason n. seed of a kind of bird of
fever. The affected skin is reddish and paradise plant formerly used to weigh
becomes thick and is very hot and very gold dust. Ten seeds make one gold
painful. It is said that if those symptoms necklace.
don't show up the victim will die. If that
is the case, the symptoms will show up ku'lios v. stretch one's body by
too late and will be no longer reddish extending the arms above the shoulders
but black. Convulsions may also occur. and twisting the waist. Usually done
A local remedy for this disease is to mix after sleep, sitting, or when one has a
turmeric juice with lime and rub it fever.
repeatedly onto the reddened and
thickened part of the skin. pangu'liosan adj. for the direction of
the whinnying sound of the turtle-dove
ku'ligbing n. hips. to come from the direction three to four
o'clock or eight to nine o'clock to the
ku'ligi n. mouse eagle; kind of brown right or left from the perspective of a
and white bird. Makes a sound like its traveller (just behind the shoulders).
name. Considered a bad omen. Belief is the the
traveller will become sick before or
ku'ligsik v. scream in fear, especially upon arrival to the destination.
for women.
kuli'papa n. kind of hardwood tree
'kulika See main entry: 'kulikag. with light colored wood good for
building materials.
'kulikag Variant: 'kulika. v. swirl
around a rod shaped object inside a hole 'kulis n. line; stripe.
such as the ears or nostrils.
n. lines of the palm; fate.
v. pester or influence s.o. to do s.t. by
persistence. ku'lisan adj. striped.

kuli'kitok n. kind of very small frog ku'lisak v. shout.

about two inches long with large edible
tadpoles. Tadpoles are said to be good kuli'tok v. stimulate the vagina; for a
food for lactating mothers. female to masturbate. OvSyn: ya'sì.
See: li'tok.
ku'likut v. bore a hole or squeeze
through with a twisting motion. kuli'tut n. part of the body located just
above the anus at the base of the hip
kuli'lisi See main entry: kula'sisi. bone; anus; crack between the cheeks of
the buttocks.
'kuling v. pet or rub an animal pet such
as a dog or pig. ku'liyà v. scream.
 97

v. cheer, esp. in games. 'kumput v. wrap a cloth around a

person or oneself, usually for warmth.
kumae'sanon Variant: kume'sanon. n.
wild pig. n. piece of cloth used as a warm body
wrap.
ku'mari n. relationship between a
mother and the godmother of a child. kumu-ku'mu v. wad up or wrinkle s.t.
From: Spanish comadre.
ku'musta interj. greetings! Syn: 'hondà.
kumba-'kumba v. for a deer to buck From: Spanish como esta?.
(may be applied to the bucking of other
animals such as horses, goats and kun1 part. reportedly said.
carabao).
kun2 part. please; polite particle.
n. kind of dance which imitates the
bucking of a deer. 'kunat v. stretch.

kum'biti n. wedding feast. From: kun'due See main entry: kan'due.

Cebuano.
'kun-isa n. day after tomorrow.
kum'bitoy v. hang like a monkey by
the outstretched arms above the head 'kunisi v. check on or inspect s.t.
holding on to s.t. See: 'bitoy.
'kunit v. peel sugarcane with the teeth
kume'sanon See main entry: by biting the peelings and pulling with
kumae'sanon. the teeth.

'kumitan n. poison which is intended ku'nongkun adv. reportedly. See: kun.

for the purpose of killing or causing
illness to a person; sorcery. Includes 'kuntoon adv. today; now.
substances such as ground human bones
mixed with hair. 'kuntra n. enemy. Syn: 'kabyang.
From: Spanish contra.
v. poison a person intentionally.
ku'nu adv. probably.
kumi'tanon n. person who possesses a
poison to be used intentionally against a kun'yajun adv. always.
person.
ku'payna n. basin.
kumpa'niya n. business company.
From: English. 'kurta n. pocket knife. Syn: 'badì.
From: Cebuano.
kum'pari n. relationship between the
father and the godfather of a child. ku'sabung v. sound of heavy object
From: Spanish compadre. splashing when dropped into water.

kum'plitu adj. complete. Syn: 'tapus. 'kusbut adj. ignorant; uneducated.

From: English. Usage: derogatory.
 98

ku'sina n. kitchen. Syn: 'abuhan. From: 'kuyahaw n. kind of small black bird
Spanish cocina. smaller than a crow. Calls only during
the dry season. Name sounds like its
kusi'sang n. kind of large, black, flying call.
insect which can give off a bad odor.
Tingpa'nguyahaw exis. for it to be the
makukusi'sang adj. bad-smelling, like dry season, when the 'kuyahaw bird
the kusi'sang. calls. Time to start the ta'ligobà field.

ku'soy Variant: kusoy-ku'soy. v. for a 'kuyang v. lack.

person to struggle or twitch vigorously.
ku'yawin n. thorny rattan end. Used for
ku'su v. rub s.t. between the palms, as making fish traps ('saen-ow).
in washing clothes.
'kuykuy v. for birds, especially
ku'sue1 n. bedbugs. roosters to mate.

ku'sue2 See main entry: ki'sue. kuyung-'kuyung n. spear-rattle; semi-

tubular brass ring containing iron balls
'kutà n. bunker; underground dwelling placed near the spear tip that rattles
dug by s.o. when the spear is shaken.

'kutkut v. dig. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~
kut'sara n. spoon. From: Spanish. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
kutsa'rita n. teaspoon. From: Spanish.

kut'silyu n. table knife. Syn: 'badì.

From: Spanish.
L - l
'kutu n. louse.
la'ba v. launder. Syn: 'dakdak. From:
'kuut v. reach one's hand into a hole. Spanish lavar.

'kuwà n. whatsit; whatchamacallit; 'lahì n. kind of small bamboo. Used to

substitute word for another that does not make arrow shafts.
readily come to mind or as a
euphemism. 'lamag See main entry: 'yamag.

v. do s.t. (esp. go). la'mì Variant: ya'mì. n. taste.

ku'waepot interj. rubbish! exclamation mala'mì adj. delicious.

of disbelief.
la'misa n. table. From: Spanish.
kuwà-'kuwà v. hurt the feelings of s.o.
lam'pasu v. mop. From: Cebuano.
ku'warta n. money. Syn: 'saepì. From:
Cebuano. 'lansa n. riverboat. From: English
launch.
 99

'largu v. proceed s.w. Syn: pa'dajun. 'libtu v. spring upward.

From: Cebuano.
'libu n. thousand.
'lata n. can. From: Spanish.
'libu ka 'libu n. million.
li'ad adj. reverse side of s.t.
li'bu no li'bu no ka libu n. billion.
v. fall backwards.
'libut Variant: 'ligbut. v. surround.
'liat v. roll eyes backward, so that the
whites are seen. kali'butan n. world.

'libad v. appease; comfort. li'buuk v. build the framework of a

building.
libà-'libà adj. joker; fond of making
jokes. 'lidgid v. walk by steadying oneself on
object.
li'bang v. cut the other side of a tree
higher than the first cut on the opposite lidik-'lidik v. circle around s.t. in the
side when felling a tree. air, as a hawk.

'libas n. kind of tree with sour fruit li'du adj. cross-eyed, but not severely
which stains the teeth yellow. Tarry so.
yellow stains difficult to remove.
'lidù n. problem.
'libat adj. cross-eyed.
'lidung v. deny; lie; deceive.
'libkag Variant: 'libkas. v. spring back
into normal shape. Maka'lidung n. name of the spirit
believed to have built the pillars
'libkas See main entry: 'libkag. supporting the world.

li'bod v. coil or wind around s.t. 'ligad v. roll.

'libod Variant: 'libog. v. be puzzled. 'ligas v. slip out; disagree.

'libog See main entry: 'libod. 'lig-at v. for a person to be dehydrated.

'libong v. surround. 'ligbos n. mushroom that appears

during the stormy season (habagat).
li'boy-ung v. for water to stand in
puddle. 'ligbut See main entry: 'libut.

'libru n. book. From: Spanish. 'ligdong adj. honorable.

'libsug adj. fleshy, full-fleshed, of a v. maintain high moral standards.

banana or person. Aff: ma-.
'ligi v. be bedridden.
Lib'takan n. name of the spirit of the
weather. li'gid n. wheel. From: Cebuano.
 100

'ligid v. rape a woman. 'likanan v. put a ferrule on a handle.

li'gis v. crush by rolling. 'likat prep. from.

lig'kumun adj. luxuriant foliage, of a li'koy v. evade.

tree. Aff: ma-.
'likù v. curve.
'ligò v. for water to stand in puddle.
likud-'likud n. kind of war bolo with a
'ligot v. rotate; spin. straight back.

'lig-ot adj. narrow. Aff: ma-. li'kun v. for a rope to loop.

'ligpak n. chip of wood; physical scar. li'ma n. five.

'ligpit Variant: 'lipit. v. clamp. 'limas v. drain.

'ligsok See main entry: 'digsok. li'matok n. leech.

'ligsom adj. dirty. 'limbas n. metal file.

'ligtas v. make releasing stroke; make 'limbay n. kind of indigenous song.

final blow in felling a tree; cut rope
holding logs together; free s.o. of bonds. lim'botug v. have small swells or
bumps on the skin such as those caused
'ligtim adj. dirty and wet. Aff: ma-. by mosquitos or ants.

'ligtob v. pinch. limbu'bungan See main entry:

binu'bungan.
'ligu n. winnowing basket.
'limbung v. deceive. From: Cebuano.
'ligub v. spread all over the body, of a
disease. lim'butung n. disguise; s.t. that
represents the real thing.
'ligwat n. lever.
v. disguise; represent s.t. else.
li'hid v. smear or rub s.t. onto a small
area of skin. 'limbutung n. long sleeved abaca armor
shirt. Woven from abaca fiber and
'lihok v. move. cotton. Mainly to resist arrows at long
range.
kali'hokan n. activity.
'limid v. be smeared with one's own
'likà n. sheath or layered stalk of plants feces. Usually applied to babies or
like banana and abaca. animals.

v. cut sections of a banana stalk to be li'mong v. make s.t. invisible.

used as plates.
li'mos-limos v. keep s.t. valued for
li'kan n. ferrule of metal implements. one's own use.
 101

'limpas v. make an animal sacrifice to 'linas n. bark of a tree (removed, not on

clear evil infuence on a person; ransom the tree). Syn: pa'lis.
a person from disease by making a
sacrifice in lieu of the person. 'lindog n. trunk of a tree; carriage of a
person.
n. sacrificed animal offered to spirit as
substitute for person being attacked by v. erect s.t. long and vertical (e.g. a
that spirit. post).

'limpiyu adj. clean. From: Spanish. 'lingag v. preoccupy maternally; for a

mother to feel an urgency to return to
'limpuguk adj. round. her child.

li'nimpuguk adj. oval. li'ngagngag n. pharynx; pharyngeal

cavity of a person, what one can see at
'limpuug adv. for s.t. to thud when the back of a gaping mouth.
falling.
li'ngap adj. alert, of women; turning
'limu v. mistake the identity of s.o. or the head from side to side as if looking
s.t. for another; say s.t. unintentionally for s.o.; often implies flirtatiousness.
as a slip of the tongue.
'lingat v. remove certain things such as
hi'limu v. unknowingly marry a close hooks or nails, which are stuck; release.
relative.
'linggow v. for a dove to coo.
palimu-'limu v. assume the identity of
another. 'linghag v. peep.

'limuk n. woman. 'lingì v. glance; turn the head to the

side to look.
li'mukon n. turtledove.
na'lingian v. be glanced at by a spirit,
'limun adj. circular; round. Aff: ma-. and thus fall ill.

limun'situ n. kalamansi. From: 'lingig v. catch fish by slashing

Cebuano. floating water plants in a lake during the
dry season with a bolo. Aff: pan-.
li'mus n. alms.
'lingkad v. turn or flip a heavy object
li'musan n. begger. such as a rock or log to look at what is
beneath.
'limut v. surround.
'lingon v. coil a rope like object.
li'muut v. worry.
li'ngow v. forget.
linam'bosan n. warrior with the third
highest rank. Refers to a man who has li'nombong n. kind of small round
killed about fifteen people. See main rattan basket sealed with the pulp of
entry: ba'gani. tabun-'tabun seeds.
 102

'linop v. engulf with rising water. 'lipit See main entry: 'ligpit.

'linow adj. peaceful. Aff: ma-. lipo'dong v. sleep.

'linow n. wider and deeper section of a 'lipong adj. dizzy.

river, often characterised by large eddys
flowing in the opposite direction. 'lipot v. wrap s.o. tightly as a shield
against exposure.
li'nubù v. for leaves of the nipa palm
or sugar cane shoots to flourish. 'lipus n. warrior with the highest rank.
Refers to a man who has killed more
li'og n. neck. than twenty-five people. See main
entry: ba'gani.
'liot v. weave or walk through
obstacles. Aff: pa-. 'liput n. treachery.

li'ow v. leave a house. v. attack at the back; attack

treacherously.
'lipad v. mislay s.t.
li'sag n. drumstick for beating the
'lipagos adj. active, lively in drum or gong.
movement. Aff: ma-.
'lisag v. beat a drum or gong.
n. industriousness. Aff: ka-.
lisa'hà n. louse egg; nit.
'lipak v. for split bamboo to clap when
shaken. 'lisang v. terrify.

n. clapper made of split bamboo. Placed 'lisig v. expand distance, time or space.
in a field to drive away birds. Activated
by strings from the clapper to the watch li'sit n. clitoris.
house.
lisi'ton adj. big, of a clitoris.
'lipang v. for corn to reach the robust Usage: derogatory. Used by women of
stage of growth, about two months after women.
planting.
pali'sit interj. exclamation at s.o.
lipa'ra v. notice. From: Cebuano indicating that that person got the
dipara. deserved punishment, often
accompanied with the action of pulling
'lipas v. make a detour. down one's lower eyelid at the person.
Usage: derogatory.
'lipay v. be happy.
'liskog adj. stiff.
'lipid adj. flat.
'lislis v. scrap skin.
li'pit adj. small, of a vagina; virgin, of
a woman. Usage: derogatory. Used by Lis'ngadan n. name of a mythical man.
women of women.
li'sod adj. difficult. Aff: ma-.
 103

kali'sod difficulty. li'wat n. offspring.

'lista v. list. ka'liwat n. descendant.

listahan n. list. pali'watan n. ethnic group.

From: English. 'liwog See main entry: 'liwag.

'lisu n. seed of a plant; clitoris. li'yabi n. key. Syn: 'yabi. From:

Spanish la llave.
li'suhon adj. seedy, of a plant.
li'yag v. want; like; love.
adj. large, of a clitoris.
Usage: derogatory. Used by women of nali'yagan n. beloved.
women.
'liyu n. other side of a wall.
lisu'han n. core of certain fruits such as
pineapple and banana. v. go to the other side of a wall.

'litad v. lose sight of s.o. or s.t. 'liyù n. whirlpool; eddy.

'lit-ag n. noose trap. v. be caught in a whirlpool.

li'tok n. clitoris. li'yuan n. place where there is a

whirlpool.
li'tratu n. picture. From: Cebuano
ritratu. lu'gar n. place. Syn: 'banwa. From:
Spanish.
'litsi n. semen; milk. Syn: 'gatas. From:
Cebuano. 'lugaw n. rice porridge. Syn: bi'nibug.
From: Cebuano.
lit'sun n. roast whole pig; roast fowl by
extension. From: Cebuano. 'Lunis n. Monday.

li'tuk v. articulate. 'luyluy n. noose trap for small animals.

li'ud v. sprain; dislocate a bone.

'lius v. for s.o. to arrive after s.o. else

has left; for s.o. to have left and be
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
already out of sight.
~~~~~
'liwag Variant: 'liwog. v. travel ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
circuitously by river. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ma'liwag adj. long winded, of speech.

li'wak v. have time to do s.t.

'liwas v. for an event to be over. M - m

 104

ma'ama n. brother; brother of a maghi'hiyup Variant: manghi'hiyup. n.

woman. kind of snake, perhaps a spitting cobra.
Enlarges its neck and spits. See: hi'yup.
'maan v. know; inform.
magti'ajun n. married couple.
'madang n. marang; kind of fruit tree. Syn: mag-a'sawa. From: Cebuano.

'madmad v. know s.t. ma'gù v. for puppies or kittens to play.

madu'kilom n. nighttime. See main ma'gubay n. kind of tree that bears red
entry: du'kilom. seeds for making necklaces.

mae- affix. as small as the object/noun ma'hae Variant: ma'hal. adj. expensive.
being affixed. See: maga-.
ma'hal See main entry: ma'hae.
'Maegunut n. name of a mythical
woman. maha'tongod See main entry: to'ngod.

maga- affix. as big as the object/noun 'mahay v. feel hurt. Syn: na'sawà.
being affixed. See main entry: mae-. From: Cebuano.

'magahat n. outlaw. mahi'tongod Variant: maha'tongod.

prep. about. See main entry: to'ngod.
mag-a'sawa n. married couple.
Syn: magti'ajun. From: Cebuano. Mai'buyan See main entry: Mau'buyan.

Magba'bajà n. name of the creator 'maja n. rice bird.

spirit.
ma'jumù n. brown sugar. From:
mag'bangkug interj. rubbish! Cebuano mayumu.
exclamation belittling the ability of s.o.
Usage: derogatory. maka'amung n. son-in-law who lives
with wife's parents and serves them in
magda'hinì n. kind of very small lieu of the bride price.
aromatic dry rice with a yellow husk.
Smaller and sweeter than mag'dejù. Maka'hagtong n. kind of evil spirit.
About 3mm long and 2mm in diameter. Kills people. See: 'hagtong.
Usually used as an offering in rituals.
maka'libri n. cassava. Syn: 'manggala.
magda'yujù See main entry: mag'dejù. From: Cebuano.

mag'dejù Variant: magda'yujù. n. kind 'Makay n. name of a mythical giant.

of very small aromatic dry rice with a
yellow husk. About 4mm long and 3mm 'makina n. machine; engine. From:
in diameter. English.

Magdi'wata n. name of a mythical ma'kupa n. kind of fruit tree with red

giant. heart shaped fruit. Syzygium
samarangense.
n. name of a certain mountain.
 105

ma'ligae n. excuse. manambu'kawa See main entry:

tambu'kawa.
ma'ligayan v. make up excuses in
order to get out of doing s.t. unpleasant. mana'nag-an n. prophet. Syn: manag-
'anay. See main entry: 'tag-an.
ma'litan n. bitch; female of certain
animals, esp. dogs. mana'nap n. animal.

ma'ma voc. brother! term of address ma'nanggat n. kind of tree, the leaves
from man to man. of which can cause severe skin
irritations. Syn: sa'goy. Grows in virgin
ma'mà v. chew betel nut quid. forest or uncultivated land. It is said that
the leaves quake when a person
ma'maktin n. sow with piglets. See approaches it.
main entry: 'baktin.
mana'ngilan adj. decaying, of a pig,
'mamamang v. copulate. from two to four days after its death.
Only of pigs killed in a trap, not from
'mamang n. bug; any small undesirable natural death.
insect, reptile, or other crawling
creature. n. decaying pig. Roasted with spices in
a young bamboo tube and eaten as a
Ma'manwa n. name of an ethnic group. delicacy. If two to three days old, it is
called ma'yombù no mana'ngilan,
ma'maon n. betelnut palm tree and 'young'. If four days old, it is called
fruit. Areca catechu. ma'guyang no mana'ngilan, 'old'.
After four days, it is no longer called
'mamue v. feel a sense of loss, having mana'ngilan, but du'nut, 'rotten' and
lost s.t. that one is depending on. not eaten.

man part. emphatic particle. ma'natad n. kind of bird, green-winged

ground dove or bleeding heart pigeon,
man no conj. since. See: man; no. with green wings, red beak, and red
breast. Chalcophaps indica.
'manag exis. be related. 'manag si'kata
we are related. 'manag si'kiyu you all mana'-ue See main entry: mano'-ue.
are related.
Ma'naug n. kind of spirit: house
managam'honay See main entry: guardian. Guards the house against
pana'gamhon. intruders. Said to cause sore eyes if
maligned.
manag-'anay n. prophet.
Syn: mana'nag-an. See main entry: 'tag- n. wooden idol carved from a pole
an. representing the house guardian spirit.
Placed conspiciously in and around the
manag'suun exis. be related. house. A single house may have several.
See: 'manag. Only shamans ('baylan) may carve and
possess this idol.
mana'kuay n. breeder. See: ta'kù.
 106

ma'nay voc. term of address for an ma'ngamoy n. father. Usage: archaic.

older woman. See: 'amoy.

'mandà adv. again; also. See: man; dà. 'mangga n. mango. From: Cebuano.

man'daegit n. hawk. 'manggad n. cloth. From: Cebuano.

Man'dae-it Variant: Man'dait. n. name 'manggala n. cassava plant.

of a spirit who cares for babies.
manggi'anak See main entry: 'anak.
'mandagit n. kind of ritual undertaken
before war. manggo'lod-go'lod adj. wavy, of a line.

Man'dait See main entry: Man'dae-it. manggu'yangan n. forest people. See

main entry: gu'yangan.
manda'jaepì See main entry:
anda'jaepì. manghi'hiyup See main entry:
maghi'hiyup.
manda'japì See main entry: anda'jaepì.
mangi'ngisdà n. fisherman. See main
'mandar n. rule; command. From: entry: 'isdà.
Cebuano.
ma'nginoy voc. mother! term of
'Mandaya n. name of an ethnic group. address for mother. Usage: archaic.
See: 'inoy.
Manda'yangan n. name of a harmless
giant spirit. ma'ngoy-oy n. wild sow with piglets.

'mandù v. order. mangu'nguma n. farmer. See main

entry: u'ma.
n. instructions.
ma'ngunsuy See main entry: 'unsuy.
mandu'mogkot n. person who acts as a
go between for feuding parties. See 'manhak n. kind of small bird with a
main entry: 'dogkot. loud cry. Sings when it is dark. Its song
is hak! hak! hak!
mandu'wewan n. kind of migratory
water bird. manhumo'got See main entry: ho'got.

Mandu'yapit n. name of the spirit said ma'ni n. peanut. From: Cebuano.

to ferry dead souls to the land of the
dead. See main entry: ha'pit. Man-i'buyan See main entry:
Mau'buyan.
mangajo'oy adj. sever, of famine or
epidemic. Usage: archaic. mani'gaon Variant: manigo'on. n. old
man.
ma'ngajow n. killer; one who kills,
loots and captures women and children manigo'on See main entry: mani'gaon.
to be sold or made into wives and slaves
of the captors.
 107

ma'nika n. ecmo vine; leaves of the manug-'ayom n. kind of medium sized

ecmo vine which is an ingredient of the softwood tree the bark of which is used
betel nut quid. to produce blue dye. Wood good for
building materials.
'manitingon See main entry:
pani'tingon. 'manuk n. chicken.

mani'yà Variant: man'yà. interr. why? manukma'nukon n. crosseyed person.

Syn: no'koy.
'minanuk n. rooster head. Carving in
manja'jaepì See main entry: anda'jaepì. the form of a rooster head usually on
war bolos, sacred trays (bangkasu) and
manja'japì See main entry: anda'jaepì. rooftops.

ma'nogbok n. snipe; kind of worm manuk-'manuk n. bird.

eating bird with a long beak. See main
entry: 'togbok. ma'nu-manu v. investigate.

ma'noksok adj. armlength, measure of manu'ngot-sungot v. for a face to age

the length of a pig from the fingertips to and become ugly.
the armpit.
'manuy voc. term of address for an
mano'-ue Variant: mana'-ue. n. kind of older man.
fish eating eagle with brown wings and
white breast and yellow talons. Lives man'yà See main entry: mani'yà.
near lakes.
ma'ojow v. refuse strongly, usually of
Man'saka n. name of an ethnic group. a woman refusing to marry s.o. See
main entry: o'jow.
man'sanga Variant: mon'sanga. interj.
expression of surprise. mar'gusu See main entry: amar'gusu.

man'sasaw interj. expression of ma'ri voc. term of address by a woman

surprise. for her child's godmother. From:
Spanish madre.
manti'anak See main entry: 'anak.
'marku n. house stud. From: Cebuano.
'manu voc. sir ...! term of address for
older males followed by the name. mar'tilyu n. hammer. From: Spanish.

'man-u interr. how much? 'Martis n. Tuesday.

Ma'nubù n. member of the Manobo ma'sem n. morning. See: 'soyom.

ethnic group who speaks the Manobo
language. masig- See main entry: asig-.

Man-u'buyan See main entry: mas'yadu adj. serious. Syn: ma'tigdà.

Mau'buyan. From: Cebuano.

'mata n. eye.
 108

sagu'mata n. sore eyes. 'Mayu n. May.

tag'maemata adj. for corn grains to be mayu'banga adj. half ripe, of fruits.
as big as the eyes of a fish.
'mayus adj. good, only of words
Matan'hagà Variant: Natanhagà. n. spoken by shamans in trance, words
mythical land populated by the spirits. which are attributed to the spirits.

mati- affix. fond of. 'megmeg v. know the facts. Aff: ka-.

'matoy adj. dead. kameg'megan n. knowledge.

pa'toy v. die. 'memow n. kind of vine. Cambium

layer of roots used to dye the teeth
ma'matoy v. die. black. Roots used as material for tying
and weaving.
mi'natoy n. corpse.
me'ngalit adj. sticky, of squash or yam.
hi'matoy v. kill.
'menhow n. yellowish green palm
ka'matoy v. will die. leaves. See main entry: 'yunhow.

kama'tajon n. death. 'Merkules n. Wednesday.

pa'kamatajon v. on the verge of death. 'metù n. food carried for a journey.

paka'matoy v. commit suicide. mey Variant: moy. exis. existential;

there is; there are; have. Syn: 'meyduon.
'matris n. uterus. Syn: a'nakan. From:
English mattress. meydu'on exis. existential; there is;
there are; have. Syn: 'mey.
Mau'buyan Variant: Man-u'buyan;
Mai'buyan; Man-i'buyan. n. 'meygù v. mourn for a period of time,
Underworld; place of the dead. usually of women. See: 'mey-og.

n. name of the one in charge of the 'mey-od See main entry: 'mey-og.
place of the dead.
'mey-og Variant: 'mey-od. v. mourn
'maya n. many kinds. for a period of time, usually of women.
See: 'meygù.
'mayas adj. spicy hot, of chili peppers.
Aff: ma-. mgo See main entry: 'mongo.

ma'yogang adj. red, of cloth. mig- affix. inceptive aspect intransitive

prefix; refers to action begun.
v. wear red clothes. Only warriors
(ba'gani) of the kina'boan rank are mili-'mili v. worth; for an effort to in
allowed to wear the red cloth of the no way compare to the relatively small
jacket, headgear, trousers and red belt of benefit produced. Aff: maka-, paka-,
his war bolo.
 109

kona ogpakamilimili, wada monga'toyug n. hen that lays eggs.

makamilimili. See: ato'yug.

mi'lò n. civet sp., brown in color. 'mongo Variant: mgo ‘usual spelling’.
adj. pluralizer.
'mì-mì v. compact s.t. lightly.
'monmon v. stick to a resolve, purpose,
mi'mihà v. be soggy, watery, of or work.
overripe fruit.
mo'noey n. kind of bird, crane.
'mina det. 'the late', placed before the
name of a deceased person. mon'sanga See main entry: man'sanga.

mi'nagkilaw v. for a dying person to 'mosmos v. fall face first to the ground
have a fit, babbling in delirium or in a sliding motion; thrust the face of a
exerting uncanny strength. person or animal into the ground or s.t.
on the ground.
mina'ilu n. orphan. See: 'mina.
moy See main entry: mey.
'mingaw adj. lonely.
mu'kuy n. chick of the tabun bird.
'minuna n. former inhabitants of a See: 'tabun.
place who died long ago. Shamans will
appease them when conducting rituals. 'mundù n. ant hill.

'minus adj. few. From: Spanish. 'mutjà n. gem.

'minyò v. marry. mu'tur n. motor; motorboat;

motorcycle. From: English.
'miting n. meeting. From: English.
'muya v. die.
'mitrus n. meter. From: English.

'mognà v. organise a group of people.

'mojow on conj. or else; otherwise.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'mokmok v. be extremely drunk. ~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mo'mon v. close the mouth. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mo'nang1 part. only. phrase: mo'nang

dà.

mo'nang2 v. leave s.o. alone, not

interfering; stay at home, not go out.
Aff: ka-, paka-.

mamo'nang adj. staying at home, not N - n

going out, of a person.
 110

na1 part. 'now...'; particle designating a 'nandà adv. merely; only; just; of
transition to a new paragraph. leaving behind only a little bit of s.t.

na2 part. 'okay!'; particle of affirmation 'nangkà n. jackfruit.

or determination.
'nangnang v. for a wound to ooze fluid.
na3 conj. so.
'nangon v. tell s.t. to s.o.
'naa part. 'not yet'; polite particle used
to request s.o. to wait or do s.t. else for a 'nawnangonon n. story.
short time, before another activity.
Syn: 'naay. 'nanoy adj. soft; sweet, of a sound such
as a voice or music. Aff: ma-.
'naan part. 'really!'; particle of surprise
or confirmation. 'nasì part. instead.

man 'naan part. really! Natan'hagà See main entry:

Matan'hagà.
'naay part. 'not yet'; polite particle.
Syn: 'naa. na'ti n. calf; young of certain animals
such as carabao, cow, deer or horse.
'naga n. narra tree; Philippine national
tree. Red hardwood which is used for na'toghaw voc. fool!
furniture and house construction. Usage: derogatory.

'nagam adv. repeatedly. 'natok n. starch, esp. of the sago palm.

na'gas n. kind of medium sized tree ma'natok adj. starchy.

with broad leaves. Causes an itchy skin
disease if one stands under the tree na'wà adj. few. Aff: ma-.
during rain.
'nawnangonon n. story. See main
v. get itchy skin disease from standing entry: 'nangon.
under a tree of the same name during
rain. Other trees which give the same na'yog n. shrub; young tree.
effect are 'benù and 'pahù.
'ngadan n. name.
na'gomnom adj. delicious. Aff: ma-.
hi'ngadan v. name s.o. or s.t.
'nalig v. take discipline lightly because
s.o. sides with one. 'ngadog n. smell.

'namu n. long bundle made out of dry v. smell.

palm leaves in the middle rolled with
fresh leaves outside and tied with rattan ngaè v. for a carabao to call, usually
used to smoke out ('puhag) bees. when calling for a mate or for the
young.
'nanà n. pus.
'nganga v. gape; open the mouth.
na'nam adj. delicious. Aff: ma-.
 111

'ngangang v. cry. no det. that; which; when; relativizer

or linker.
'nganì part. even.
no'hut adj. slim; fine; small; of a fibre
'ngasngas v. rub the face violently, or s.t. long, thin and flexible.
perhaps on the ground.
no'kam-nokam v. smack the lips and
'ngayod adj. dull, of a cutting roll the tongue as when seeing or
instrument. Aff: ma-. thinking about delicious food. Aff: pa-.

'ngidam v. conceive; be in the early no'kani adv. formerly; long ago.

stage of pregnancy.
no'koy interr. what; why.
'ngilò n. gums, where teeth emerge.
'nongnong v. warn s.o. of possible
'ngipon n. tooth. danger.

'ngisi v. laugh. 'nò-nò v. knock the front of the head of

a person or animal against the ground.
ngi'yaw v. for a cat to meow.
no'tagnà prep. in the beginning; once
ngo'aw-ngoaw v. feel lonely. upon a time. See main entry: 'tagnà.

'ngobngob v. for a path to rut or wear no'toduon adv. formerly.

deeper from constant use.
now pro. you; your; ergative case
'ngogngog v. cry prolongedly. second person plural.

'ngosngos v. for a dog to whine. noy pro. we (not you); our (not your);
ergative case first person plural
'ngosò v. grimace; contort the face. exclusive.

'ngoyat v. stare wide-eyed at s.t. nu pro. you (sing.); your (sing.);

ergative case second person singular.
'ngoyngoy v. cry prolongedly.
Nu'bimbri n. November.
ni det. of; by; ergative case determiner
for singular personal proper nouns. 'numeru n. number. Syn: ika'pila.
From: Spanish.
nin det. of; by; ergative case
determiner for plural personal proper 'nuyù v. observe s.t. or s.o.
nouns (names). Syn: 'onni.
Usage: archaic. See: ni.

ni'pis adj. thin, usually of flat objects. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~
'nitù n. kind of vine used to make ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
baskets. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ni'yug n. coconut.
 112

o'hug v. mix s.t. with water.

O-o
o'jabang See main entry: a'jobang.
o'bey Variant: o'boy. n. smoke.
o'jobang See main entry: a'jobang.
'obò v. lower the body.
o'jow Variant: o'dow. adv. no (refusal);
'ob-ob v. eat a raw egg. don't; do not give way; do not agree;
refuse; leave s.t. behind.
o'bos n. under.
o'jow pa prep. according to.
'paobos v. humble oneself.
o'jow din pa according to him.
'hiobos adj. humble; down hearted;
lowly. o'kang n. owl.
o'boy See main entry: o'bey. 'ok-ok v. retract, as of a turtle's head or
as a snake. Syn: 'onyok.
o'bu See main entry: u'bu.
okon-'okon v. hesitate.
o'bù v. gut; remove internal organs.
o'maw adj. mentally retarded; stupid.
'od-od v. retrogress.
Usage: derogatory. 'omey v. mold, usually lumps of rice or
clay.
o'dok v. sow rice.
'omot adj. diligent. Syn: ma'bakas.
'odomà Variant: 'udamà. adv. later.
'ompok n. nape; back of the neck.
o'dow See main entry: o'jow.
'ompù n. kind of small, edible, long-
'o-ey v. ache. legged frog.
adj. achy. Aff: ma-. on part. already.
og- affix. Action Not Begun Aspect, 'ondang v. stop doing s.t. Syn: 'sigkon.
Intransitive Verbs; will; shall.
o'ngae Variant: o'ngaya. v. disturb s.o.
'ogom v. put s.t. inside the mouth. See: 'ingey.
o'gos v. strain and push as in maternal o'ngaya See main entry: o'ngae.
labor or in defecating hard stool.
'ongki See main entry: 'onki.
o'got v. commit suicide.
'ongob adj. toothless; gap-toothed.
'ohi voc. woman! term of address
between female friends. ongod-'ongod v. estimate s.t.
o'hò interj. look! 'ongot v. for the jaws to lock or clench.
 113

'onki Variant: 'ongki. det. to; oblique 'opus v. melt away like a candle; wear
case determiner for plural personal away to a stub.
proper nouns (names). Usage: archaic.
See: ki. n. cigarrete stub.

'onni det. of; by; ergative case opus-'opus n. leprosy.

determiner for plural personal proper
nouns (names). Syn: nin. 'osey adv. persistently; diligently; as in
Usage: archaic. See: ni. increasing an activity in reaction to
someone trying to stop it.
o'nom n. six.
'osmad v. fall headlong, face first.
'on-on v. be in the defecating position,
sitting or squatting. 'osok v. grill; question s.o. forcefully.

o'noon v. stop in one's tracks. o'son v. tighten a drumskin; compact

the weft threads with a beater or reed in
'onop Variant: 'yonop. v. flood weaving.
severely, worse than go'ob, covering
things. o'son-oson v. persuade; encourage.

o'nos n. cicada. 'osop v. for bees to eat their honey.

'onos n. storm. o'tak n. short bolo with a blunt end

used in weeding.
'onsi det. messrs.; mrs.; misses;
absolutive case determiner for plural 'oti1 n. swift, kind of bird.
personal proper nouns (names).
Syn: sin, oy. Usage: archaic. See: si. 'oti2 v. subside; for water to evaporate
as in a pond or subside as in boiled rice.
'ontig See main entry: 'antig.
o'tok v. for a curse to take effect.
'onyok v. retract an appendage of the
body, such as the tongue, penis, or neck o'tow n. person.
of the turtle. Syn: 'ok-ok. Retraction of
the penis is considered a disease and v. be born.
some men tie the glans with a string
around the waist to prevent such i'sigkaotow n. fellowmen.
retraction.
gio'tawan n. human.
o'pas v. fade, of color.
kao'tawan n. the people.
'opon v. dam s.t.
otow-'otow n. figurine; statue; idol.
n. dam. Syn: 'tambon.
o'tut v. fart; break wind.
'op-op v. for plants to grow close to the
ground. oy det. messrs.; mrs.; misses;
absolutive case determiner for plural
 114

personal proper nouns (names). pa- affix. causative affix, meaning

Syn: 'onsi, sin. Usage: archaic. See: si. "cause to ...".

o'yad n. sheet; single layer of flat pa'a n. bunch of betelnuts.

items.
pa'abut v. anticipate the arrival of s.o.
'oyang n. barrier. or s.t. See main entry: a'but.

o'yod Variant: ed. v. soak. pa'-aeg See main entry: 'ayag.

'oyog1 Variant: eg. v. value s.t. highly; pa'-aewan See main entry: pa'ayow.
endear s.o. or something; feel sad for
the loss of s.o. or s.t. very dear. pa'agi n. method of performing an
activity; means of solving a problem.
i'noyog v. value. From: Cebuano.

o'yogon v. feel sad for the loss of s.t. pa'alin Variant: paalin'-alin. v. transfer
to another kind of work when one kind
'oyog2 Variant: eg. v. fit. of work has been finished.

'oyok v. for a chicken to make a v. have multiple sexual partners.

growling noise when it senses danger.
paalin'-alin See main entry: pa'alin.
o'yot See main entry: et.
pa'aput v. take refuge from danger.

'paawoy v. be alone.

paa'yawi See main entry: pa'ayow.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ pa'ayow adv. contingently; do s.t. just

~~~~~ in case; make extra allowance as a
contingency. Infl: pa'-aewan, paa'yawi.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pa'bae-an v. leave s.t. or s.o. alone. See
main entry: 'bay-an.

pa'baga v. incite. See main entry:

'baga.

'pabyun n. mosquito net.

pad part. yet; still.

P - p 'padali v. approach s.o. who has s.t.
that one desires in order to obtain that
pa part. for; subjunctive particle, used
s.t.
with a preceding 'if' (ko) and existential
or negative to denote an irrealis state of
possibility, a 'could have been' state; if
not for; if I had...
 115

'padamà v. for an evil spirit (usually 'paganap adv. presumptiously, of

taeg'busow) to incite a person to action.
uncontrollable rage.
v. act presumptiously in attempting to
pa'da-pada n. sole of the foot. undertake s.t. that one is incapable of
Syn: da'pa-dapa. doing.

pa'digus See main entry: 'digus. 'pagang n. boulder; huge rock.

'padpad v. shake off or out s.t. pa'gat n. crack in s.t. breakable; scar.
powdery; for s.t. powdery to be blown
or floated away. pagigi'hajan adj. for the direction of
the whinnying sound of the turtle-dove
pa'dumpue See main entry: 'dumpue. to come from the directions two to three
o'clock and nine to ten o'clock on the
'paeguy See main entry: 'yaguy. right and left, alternately in sequence,
from the perspective of a traveller.
'paepag n. bamboo raft with a shelter. Considered a good omen.

paes Variant: 'payas. v. paint; smear pa'gikpik n. wing.

with a sticky substance such as blood.
pa'gis v. have scabies.
pa'maes v. paint; smear. There is a
stage in rituals where the blood of the n. scabies.
sacrifice is smeared on the candidate.
pag'kaejun n. full moon.
'paesan n. rattan sp., commonly used
for tying and weaving. 'pagkey v. endure pain; stifle, as a
sneeze or love; control an urge such as
paespasa'nan n. roof eaves; lowest to urinate or defecate.
edge of roof.
'pagkoon n. food. See main entry:
'paetina n. bead necklace with a brass ko'on.
or wooden breastplate.
pa'gokpok v. make a knocking sound.
'paewod v. go downstream. See: 'pokpok.

pag- affix. when. pa'gotpot adv. well, of work.

'paga n. shelf above the firetable. pa'gow adj. have a hoarse voice.

pa'gaed v. guard an entrance. na'pagow v. be hoarse.

n. sentry. 'pagsing adj. shrill. Aff: ma-.

pa'gak v. for a hen to cluck, esp. after 'paguhà n. kind of wild banana with
laying an egg. seedy fruit that grows along river banks.

paga'majan adj. huge; extremely big. 'pahag v. drive bees from their hive.
Usage: archaic. See: 'puhag.
 116

pa'hamtang v. inflict punishment on 'pajib n. sentry.

s.o. From: Cebuano.
pa'jotpot v. for rice heads to be small
pa'hat n. scar. with few grains.

pa'hid adj. effective immediately, of n. small rice heads. See: jo'pot.

medicine.
pa'jow n. kind of inedible yam-like
'pahid v. wipe s.t. plant with broad leaves used to wrap
dried tobacco for storing.
'papahid n. rag.
'pajung n. umbrella. See: 'todung.
pahi'muyus v. take advantage. See From: Cebuano payung.
main entry: pu'yus.
'paka n. whole leaf or branch of palm
pa'hiyom See main entry: pa'iyom. or banana trees.

'pahù n. kind of wild mango with small pa'kamatajon v. be on the verge of

sour fibrous fruit that grows in death. See main entry: matoy.
lowlands. Mangifera altissima.
'pakdan n. sugarcane top. Used for
pa'huway v. rest. Syn: 'himayoy. From: propagation.
Cebuano.
'pakdue v. hurt one's foot by coming in
pa'huy adj. weak, of personality, violent contact with s.t.
letting others take advantage of one.
'pakgae adj. hard, of ground. Aff: ma-.
'pahuy See main entry: 'bahuy.
paki- affix. affix denoting pleading;
'paid adj. skilled. requesting help.

pai'ling v. go s.w. See main entry: 'pakì v. make fun of s.o.

i'ling.
pa'kiki n. kind of thorny palm about
pa'iyom v. smile. four inches in diameter. Used for
flooring.
pa'jà n. shell of a mature coconut.
Often usd as a dipper. 'pakjow n. work by contract; buy in
quantity or wholesale; hire a whole
pa'jabu adv. impulsively; impetuously; vehicle for a trip.
do or say s.t. without thinking first. See
main entry: ja'bu. 'paklis v. scrape skin.

'pajag adj. clear to see and hear. 'pakot n. large wild boar.
Aff: ma-.
'pakow n. handle of a rice pot,
pa'japas v. for wind to blow a flame saucepan, or ladle.
under a pot so food is improperly
cooked.
 117

pakpakpo'gak v. for a hen to cluck, v. peel.

esp. after laying an egg. See main entry:
pa'gak. pali'sit See main entry: li'sit.

pa'ku n. edible fern that grows on river palu-'palu n. laundry bat used in
banks. Roots of this fern are boiled and washing clothes.
used as medicine.
v. bat clothes when laundering.
'pakun v. be the cause of trouble.
Aff: na-. pa'mae-as v. for rice heads to begin to
form, a stage in rice growth. See: 'bae-
'pakuy v. club; hit a person or animal as.
with a club, usually with an overhead
motion. pa'maes See main entry: paes.

'papakuy n. club. pa'maetas v. for clouds to break up.

'pakyas v. fail. pa'maetik See main entry: 'baetik.

'pala n. shovel. From: Spanish. pa'mahaw n. breakfast.

pa'lì n. wound. Pama'iyà n. name of a spirit associated

with blood. Retainer of Taeg'busow.
'palib v. soar; glide; fly.
Pama'iyang n. name of a spirit
'palid v. for the wind to blow away s.t. associated with blood. Messenger of
Taeg'busow.
pa'lidpid v. for rain to be blown into a
sheltered area; for rain to wet s.t. in a pa'majà See main entry: ba'jà.
sheltered area.
pamajag-'pajag adv. early dawn, when
pa'lihon exis. be taboo, of certain acts. first light appears. See: 'pajag.
Infringing these would lead to
misfortune and illness. pa'makut adv. strive at s.t. in order to
achieve.
pali'kog v. have s.t. stuck in the throat.
pama'lihi n. taboo; bad omen.
pa'lina n. incense.
pa'manghà v. search. See main entry:
pa'ling-paling adj. fickle, not sticking a'hà.
to one's decision.
pa'mangkas n. decorative handle of
v. be fickle. spear made of flattened brass wound
around the stem.
pa'liot n. necklace; beads such as are
used to make necklaces, bracelets, and pa'mayhon n. appearance of a person,
such. See: pae'tina. usually a woman.

pa'lis n. skin; bark; hide of the animal.

 118

'pamgu v. eat greedily, not satisfied good catch during a hunting or fishing
even after being served a lot of food. expedition
Usage: derogatory.
pana'gaeju v. cook.
pa'midjù See main entry: 'bidjù.
panaga'ham v. clear the throat.
pamilin-'bilin n. remaining
instructions, usually of a dying person. pana'gamhon v. assist delivery of a
See main entry: 'bilin. baby.

pa'milya n. family. From: Spanish. managam'honay n. midwife.

pa'minog v. listen. See main entry: pa'nag-an See main entry: 'tag-an.
'dinog.
pana'gà-sagà v. approach s.o. whom
pamis'lion n. kidney. one is not familiar with to ask for s.t.

'pam-od v. hold. Usage: archaic. pa'nagda v. scold. See main entry:

'sagda.
'pamodong v. frown.
panag'jawan v. scream; make a war
pamo'od v. for an animal, esp. a dog, cry.
to prey on another animal.
pa'nagnà See main entry: 'tagnà.
pa'mubung v. travel over hilly or
mountainous terrain. See: bu'bungan. pana'hon n. season; weather; climate;
time.
pa'mujù v. ask for s.t. See main entry:
'bujù. pana'jò-sajò Variant: panga'jò-sajò;
panga'dò-sadò. v. use a term of address
pa'mùpù See main entry: 'pùpù. that is less prestigious than might be
considered proper.
pamu'wayas See main entry: pu'wayas.
pa'najug v. foretell the future using the
pa'muyus v. wear red headgear. swing omen. One will sit with the knees
up, or squat, and lean the back against
pan n. bread. From: Spanish. the wall. A piece of string is held at
both ends with the hands resting on the
'panà n. bow and arrow. knees. A small piece of metal or burnt
wood is suspended on the string. The
v. shoot an arrow with bow. suspended object is consulted about the
future and is requested to swing or to
panabi'yà v. say farewell to s.o. stop swinging in response to questions
about the future. Movement or stopping
pa'naengin n. religious act of blessing; of the object is attributed to the spirit
for God to bless; religious act of who owns the object. The object may be
thanksgiving. Thanksgiving ritual to the threatened if it does not respond to the
spirits of sugujon, umaegad and questions. For example, one may
taebubung (spirits of hunting) for a threaten to burn the piece of wood.
See: ti'mayà. See main entry: 'sajug.
 119

pa'nakin v. for a young man to serve or 'pandihas n. purifier used after the
help the parents of the girl he wants to burial of a dead person. Made from an
marry. infusion of water and the juice of the
ulì'-ulì grass. People present at a burial
pa'nakmey v. be speechless because of wash their hands and feet with this
an unexpected event. water before entering a house to remove
any evil influence.
pana'langin n. religious act of blessing;
for God to bless; religious act of 'pandog v. put s.o. in stocks.
thanksgiving. Syn: pa'naengin. From:
Cebuano. 'pandoy n. craftsman; blacksmith,
jeweler, carpenter.
pana'likud v. depart. See main entry:
tali'kud. ma'pandoy adj. skilled.

pa'nanglit example. n. provider (in religious contexts).

panang'litan n. example. pa'ngadloy n. swelling on the groin

accompanied by fever and chills.
pa'nang-ow See main entry: 'tang-ow.
v. have a swelling on the groin
pa'napow See main entry: 'sapow. accompanied by fever and chills.

pa'napton n. cloth. From: Cebuano. panga'dò-sadò See main entry: pana'jò-

sajò.
'panapu v. for a woman to cover the
private parts by folding the skirt into the pa'ngaelin v. move residence taking all
lap between the thighs. possessions.

'panas v. erode or collapse, of the side pa'ngaem v. have a good appetite.

of a mountain.
panga'jò-sajò See main entry: pana'jò-
n. eroded side of a mountain without sajò.
vegetation.
pangalig'kigan v. for the body to
pa'nata v. call one's dogs to follow. tremble from exertion. See main entry:
ka'ligkig.
pa'naulì v. bring food home from the
farm, usually camote. panga'limug v. gargle.

pa'nayang v. appear suddenly and panga'mudan v. conduct a ritual before

miraculously. Usage: archaic. an activity.

'pandà adj. short-legged, usually of panga'mujù v. ask forgiveness. See

rooster used as a decoy bird. main entry: 'bujù.

panda'wahon v. cobra; kind of pa'nganoy n. eldest; first born child in

venomous snake. a family.
 120

pa'nganud n. cloud, esp. white fleecy n. excrement. Usage: coarse.

cloud.
'pangkoy adv. excessive, of action.
panga'nup n. hunt with dog and spear.
pango'jat See main entry: ko'jat.
'panganup n. hunting spear.
pa'ngot v. chew up or chew through s.t.
pangasa-ka'sa v. be dusk, early
evening, or twilight, when sunlight is pango'tob n. tattoo.
fading and forest sounds can be heard.
'pangpang n. steep riverbank; cliff.
panga'sawa v. make arrangements for
marriage. See main entry: a'sawa. na'mangpang adj. for a river to be be
flooded to the level of the riverbank.
pa'ngasu v. hunt with dogs. See main
entry: 'asu. 'pangue n. kind of freshwater shark.

pa'ngehoy v. moan or whine due to pangu'lilang exis. be the rice planting

pain or sorrow. season that occurs during the dry
season. See: go'bang.
'panggad v. reach a boundary.
pa'ngumbilin n. remaining instructions,
kapang'gadan n. boundary. usually of a dying person. See main
entry: 'bilin.
panghi'ngiloy See main entry: 'kiloy.
pa'nguyu n. leader.
pang'hulibot v. swear to the truth of s.t.
See: hi'bot. pani'angat See main entry: si'angat.

'pangi n. kind of medium sized pani'hapun n. supper; evening meal.

hardwood fruit tree with brown oval
shaped fruit the size of a football. pa'niid v. observe; spy.
Yellow flesh of the fruit is sweet but
causes hallucinations if eaten unripe and pa'niki n. small bat that lives in
excessively. Seeds also edible. colonies inside hollow trees.

ting'pangi exis. season for 'pangi fruit. pani'kop See main entry: si'kop.

pa'ngidam v. conceive; be in early panima'yoy n. household. See main

stage of pregnancy. entry: 'bayoy.

pangina'mut v. eat leftover scraps and pa'nimboot v. strive.

crumbs.
panin'dakow v. steal. Usage: archaic.
pa'ngiyak v. shout. See main entry: 'dakow.

'pangkag v. for rice that is sown to paning'kamot v. strive.

become parched. Syn: pa'nimboot. From: Cebuano.

'pangkot v. defecate.
 121

pa'ningkut v. claim a promise. 'pantig v. for s.t. brittle to break; guess

Usage: archaic. the answer to a riddle. Coll: bo'kog,
ga'sang ‘bones, twigs’.
pa'ningsing n. ring finger. See main
entry: 'singsing. 'pantug n. urinary bladder.

paning'singon n. person possessed by a panu'dì n. skin ulcer.

spirit who, when shaking hands with
another person transfers the spirit to that v. have a skin ulcer.
person also. Usage: archaic. Associated
with a religious movement said to pa'nudù See main entry: pa'nujù.
originate during World War II, with a
person called Pina'law-an. panu'gawà n. curse.

'panit n. skin of an animal or person. v. call down a curse from a supernatural

Syn: 'kindae. From: Cebuano. power.

pani'tingon v. hunt by stalking. panu'hik-suhik See main entry: su'hik-

suhik.
'manitingon n. hunter.
pa'nujù Variant: pa'nudù. v. battle.
pani'udtu n. lunch; noon meal.
panum'bilang See main entry:
'panlimas v. catch fish by draining the tum'bilang.
water. See main entry: 'limas.
pa'nutdut See main entry: 'dutdut.
'pannayog v. cut shrubs after cutting
the underbrush. See main entry: na'yog. pa'nutue See main entry: 'tutue.

pa'nogkad v. tempt. See main entry: 'panuun n. kind of sweet edible

'togkad. rhizome with seedy fruit.

'panon n. group of people or animals; panu'yadyad v. walk along exposed

flock; herd. sandbars.

'panow v. go hunting. panyo'mogan v. have tears in the eyes

Usage: idiomatic. but the tears are not running out; have
glazed eyes.
pag'panow v. depart.
pa'on n. bait.
pa'noytoy v. walk along s.t. that is
long, narrow and raised (bridge, 'pà-pà v. chew. See: ma'mà.
mountain ridge).
'papas v. erase.
n. mountain ridge. See main entry:
'toytoy. pa'pil n. paper. From: Spanish.

'pantalan n. wharf. 'para conj. for; so that. Syn: a'gun.

From: Spanish.
'pantat n. catfish.
 122

pa'ri voc. term of address for one's pa'silom v. for an emerging shoot to
kumpari. From: Spanish compadre. become green.

'parì n. priest. From: Spanish padre. pasing'katue v. expand one's body.

'paris n. pair. From: Spanish. pa'sinsya n. patience. From: Spanish.

pasa'iton v. do s.t. well. pasi'paya v. mistreat. From: Cebuano

pasi'pala.
'pasajà v. for a woman to flirt with a
man. See main entry: 'sajà. pa'siyu v. stroll. From: Spanish paseo.

pa'sak n. earth; ground; land. pas'litan n. shell bracelet.

gipa'sakan adj. rich earth. pas'ngow v. treat an illness by

steaming the head under a vaporizer
pasa'lamat v. give thanks. See main tent. Often used to treat 'pasngu fever.
entry: sa'lamat.
'pasngu n. illness characterized by
pa'salig v. assure. See main entry: fever, vomiting, and/or chills, said to be
sa'lig. caused by either bathing after having
sweated profusely because of hard work
pasan'diloy n. parable. Usage: archaic. or by missing a meal or having one's
See main entry: san'diloy. mealtime delayed.

pasa'patan n. top of a stairway or pasomo'yan v. blame s.o. or s.t.

ladder.
pa'songa Variant: po'songa; pu'songa.
v. go to the top of a stairway or the next v. sneeze.
fork of a tree. See main entry: 'sapat.
'paspas1 v. hurry. From: Cebuano.
pa'saylu v. forgive.
'paspas2 v. dust or brush off s.t.
pasi'bagkae v. be suddenly and
unexpectedly angry. 'pasù adj. hot.

pasi'daan v. warn. See main entry: v. heat; scald.

'daan.
pa'sù n. sunburn.
pasi'di v. winnow; separate unpolished
rice and polished rice with side to side pasu'ban v. be ungrateful to s.o.
motion of the winnowing basket (ligu).
'pasung n. wooden edge of a firetable.
pasido'ngog v. honor s.o.
pa'tadjung n. wrap-around skirt sewn
pasi'donggan v. do s.t. in honor of s.o. as a tube.
See main entry: do'ngog.
pa'tae-anak n. relationship between
pasika'danan n. foundation. See main parent and child. See main entry: 'anak.
entry: 'sikad.
 123

pa'taebilas v. for people to be related pa'tung n. thick bamboo used as

through their spouses who are siblings. building material, has sweet edible
See: 'bilas. shoots.

pa'taenak v. for people to be related to pat'yukan n. bee that produces edible

each other. honey.

'patag adj. level, of a place; flat; even. paum'pukan n. obstacle to be

overcome before a man can marry a
kapatagan n. plain; wide valley. certain girl.

pa'tahan v. warn. See main entry: 'paus v. for a voice to fade away.
'tahan.
'pawà n. yard around a house; clearing.
pa'tiawat adv. thriftily, of an action
such as collecting. See: 'awat. ma'pawà adj. devoid of grass and trees;
clear.
'patihan n. handle of an ax.
pa'wing n. shriveled up part of the
pa'tikdu v. say inciting words to s.o. body.

pati'papas v. disappear. See main 'payà v. remove; erase.

entry: 'papas.
'payad n. palm of the hand; fate.
pa'tiwang v. appear suddenly.
hi'mayad v. tell fortune by reading the
'patiy n. house built on a tall stump. palm.

pa'tod v. cut down lengths of vines. tighi'mayad n. palm reader.

pa'tok1 n. kind of short snake. mae'payad adj. as big as the palm, of

size.
pa'tok2 n. any wooden projectile
especially used for knocking down fruit ma'payad adj. lucky.
from a tree.
pa'yangot See main entry: 'yangot.
v. throw a wooden projectile, especially
to knock down fruit. 'payas See main entry: paes.

pa'toy See main entry: 'matoy. 'payok n. sand, esp. the mixture of
coarse to fine gravel found in or at the
'patu n. royal duck; duck that broods. side of a stream.
See: 'itik; ka'gingking.
pa'yondag See main entry: 'pendag.
pa'tù v. fall over from a sitting
position. pa'yong adj. untidy in personal
appearance.
'patugu v. attempt to do s.t. one is
incapable of doing. adj. discolored from age or stain.
 124

'payu n. sole of the foot. pi'gid-pigid v. shudder because of

revulsion or something else that sets
'payù n. whip. one's nerves on edge. Aff: pa-.

payù-'payù n. kind of game trap which 'pigok n. kind of black freshwater fish.
includes a tripwire set to cause a heavy
load to fall and scare the game into pi'gon v. restrain, of animate objects.
running into a trap.
'pigpig v. hammer s.t. flat.
'pebag Variant: pa'yobag. v. for a
mammal to be in heat. See main entry: 'pihit adj. scarce.
'yobag.
kapi'hitan n. necessities.
ped See main entry: po'yod.
'pihu adj. sure. From: Cebuano.
'pendag Variant: pa'yondag. n.
common bamboo flute with five holes. 'pikas v. cut lengthwise.

'pengaping n. pectoral fin of a fish. 'pikat n. ragged or faded clothing.

'pepotokan See main entry: 'peputukan. v. wear ragged clothing.

'pepotukan See main entry: 'peputukan. 'pikit v. adhere together; by extension,

guiding a person by the hand.
'peputukan Variant: 'pepotokan;
'pepotukan; 'puputukan. n. summit of 'pikpik v. pat.
the mountain or hill. Syn: utu'kan.
pi'kuy n. kind of green parrot with a
perta'han n. doorway. Syn: 'yawangan. white beak that can be trained to talk.
From: Spanish.
'pila adj. few.
'piang adj. lame.
interr. how much? how many?
Pi'breru n. February.
pipi'lahon adj. just a few.
'pidi v. give s.o. less of s.t. than what
others receive. 'pilak v. thrust a spear.

pidi-'pidi Variant: 'pidi. v. pick on s.o. 'pilang n. cave.

Usage: slang.
'pildi v. lose in a contest. Syn: 'daog.
'pidpid v. tremble. From: Cebuano.

n. malaria. 'pili n. kind of tree with edible nuts,

and sap which is used medicinally and
pi'duy adj. partially closed, of s.o. for sealing. Canarium ovatum.
whose one eye remains partially closed.
See: ki'duy. 'pilì v. choose.

pi'gì n. buttocks. pili-ay n. election.

 125

pi'ligru n. danger. From: Spanish. pi'nutì n. white bolo; bolo polished and
greased with pig fat. See main entry:
pi'lit v. stick. pu'tì.

n. sticky rice. 'pinya n. pineapple.

'pilit v. force s.o. to do s.t. 'pipi n. kind of tree with purple fruit
that large birds eat.
v. for a spirit to oppress s.o. Usually,
when a spirit causes s.o. to be ill so that pi'risu v. imprison. Syn: 'bayod. From:
that person will give in to the spirit and Spanish.
become a medium for that spirit; or, if
s.o. is ill because of doing s.t. which pi'ritu v. fry. Syn: 'sangyag. From:
threatens a spirit. Spanish.

pi'lok n. eyelash. 'pirma n. signature.

v. blink. v. sign s.t. From: Spanish.

'piluy n. far side. pirma'ninti adj. permanent.

Syn: ma'tilon. From: English.
'pina v. warn or prohibit s.o. against
doing s.t. 'pirmi adv. always. Syn: ka'nunoy,
'nagam. From: Cebuano.
pina'jag n. hut.
'piru conj. but. Syn: dì. From: Spanish.
pinakasi'baja Variant: kinsi'baja. v.
care nothing for s.o. 'pisà v. squeeze or pinch lightly,
testing the softness or hardness of s.t.
pinali'ngì n. kind of V-shaped design
in embroidery. 'pisgà v. hatch.

'pindit v. measure by pinch. v. squeeze s.t. out of s.t. else.

n. pinch measure. pi'sì v. pick up s.t.

'pingaping n. fish gill. 'pisì n. rope.

'pinggan n. plate, usu. porcelain. pi'sing n. kind of small bird that rides
on floating debris.
'pingot adj. having small eyes, of a
person. pisi-'pisi v. for a fish to wriggle when
out of the water.
pi'nig v. separate.
'pisnga v. blow mucus from the nose.
'pintaas n. mezzanine floor.
'pisngi n. cheek.
'pintik n. slingshot.
pi'sok1 adj. blind; without eyeballs.
 126

pi'sok2 v. squeeze gently to test pi'yapis n. caudal; tail fin of a fish.

firmness. Usage: Surigao dialect.
pi'yas n. young monkey.
pi'sow1 n. mudfish fry.
'piyong v. close eyes.
pi'sow2 small knife. Usage: Surigao
dialect. piyo'us v. for a voice to fade away.

'pispis1 n. insect sp. 'plaka n. phonograph record. From:

Spanish.
v. for this insect to make its sound. Said
to signal bad news. 'plansa v. iron. From: Spanish.

'pispis2 v. pluck or uproot, such as 'platu n. plate. Syn: 'pinggan. From:

grass or feathers. Spanish.

'pista n. fiesta; Spanish. 'pliti n. fare; rent. Syn: 'bajad. From:

Cebuano.
pi'sut adj. uncircumcized.
'podlos n. kind of small rattan.
n. young betelnut, which looks like an
uncircumcized penis. See: pu'sut. po'dom part. supposedly; particle
expressing frustration or desire.
pi'tik v. flick.
po'dos adj. sour, of taste; stinging, of
v. pulsate; for the heart or pulse to beat. pain. Aff: ma-.
Syn: 'tubuk.
po'gà v. squeeze to extract juice.
pit'pitaw n. quail; pugu bird; kind of
bird with a call like its name. 'pogdey v. force.

'pitsa n. date. From: Spanish fecha. 'pogis n. yoke trap for pigs.

pi'tu n. seven. 'pogkot v. be crippled.

kapi'tuan n. seventy. 'pognot1 adj. grassy; weedy. Aff: ma-.

kapitu'an mey pitu n. seventy seven. 'pognot2 n. kind of vine that is woven
into bracelets.
pinitu n. sevenths.
n. kind of bracelet made from this vine.
'pityok v. strangle. From: Cebuano See: 'pugnut.
'pitluk.
po'gong v. restrain; hold; abstain.
pi'yà n. cat.
po'gos v. force.
pi'yagit v. scream from pain.
po'gue n. laziness.
'piyak v. for a chick to make a
cheeping sound. adj. lazy. Aff: -on.
 127

po'hà adj. mute; dumb. 'posik v. fling oneself.

'pohon v. stop s.t. such as an attack, po'sok v. extinguish a fire; put out a
trouble, bleeding, or water flow. light; turn off an electrical appliance.

po'it adj. bitter. Aff: ma-. po'songa See main entry: pa'songa.

'poit n. kind of small fish. 'pospos v. hit s.t. or s.o. with a

horizontal motion using a stick; swat.
'poka adj. broken, of a bolo handle.
'pot-an v. have a blocked nose;
po'key v. strangle. experience nasal congestion.

'pokpok v. knock s.o. on the head with pot'lò n. crease or folds in the skin.
s.t.
'potos1 v. hike.
'polis v. unsling a strap like thing
which is hanging; cause a strap like 'potos2 adj. of one who uses
thing to slip. abbreviated speech.

po'nga v. complete a project. po'tow v. for lightning, to flash.

po'ngog adj. mischievous. 'poyò n. bangs.

v. act naughty or mischievous. v. cut the hair short across the forehead
into bangs.
po'ngot n. mustache; facial hair
(beard). See: bo'ngot. po'yod Variant: ped. v. cut down a
tree.
'ponhik v. climb up.
'poyok v. worry.
'ponok v. be quiet (imperative).
See: ho'nok. pri'meru adv. first. Syn: 'una. From:
Spanish.
'ponpon v. dam; obstruct the flow of
water. pri'sintar v. present; for the parents of a
young man to make a marriage proposal
po'nù adj. full. to the relatives of their prospective
daughter-in-law; offer one's services to
v. fill. another. Syn: 'saka. From: Cebuano.

'pon-ug v. climb down. pru'binsiya n. province. Syn: 'banwa.

From: Cebuano.
'pook v. worry. Aff: na-.
'prutas n. fruit. Syn: 'bogas to 'kaju.
po'sà v. for s.t. hard to crack; for eggs From: Spanish.
to hatch.
pu'asa v. fast; abstain.
po'sik n. flea; kind of insect that
throws itself when disturbed.
 128

'pubri adj. poor. Syn: u'yayod. From: pa'muhag v. gather honey, the whole
Spanish. process from the smoking to the actual
collecting.
'pudpud v. plant seeds too close
together. v. dance a kind of dance in mimicry of
gathering honey.
'pudu adj. all, usually of mass nouns.
pu'hil v. push s.t. which is on the edge
'pudung n. cloth worn on the head. over the edge so that it falls; fire s.o.
from a job.
'pudut v. get.
pu'jù n. backpack usually woven out of
puè See main entry: pu'yù. abaca. Often used to carry betelnut
ingredients and personal belongings.
pues See main entry: pu'yus.
pu'jungut v. gather the top of a bag
puet See main entry: pu'yut. together as to tie it.

'pugad n. bird nest. puju-'puju n. kind of green fish about

six inches long, sometimes with yellow
'pugawa n. warp threads, long threads spots.
of the loom.
'puki n. triangular pubic shield carved
pu'gayà n. branches left in piles from coconut shell. Traditionally worn
unburned on newly cleared land after a by girls below seven years old.
field is burned.
'puklid v. push s.t. which is on the
'pughà n. roe; cluster of fish eggs edge over the edge so that it falls,
found in the belly of a fish; fish ovaries. stronger than pu'hil; fire s.o. from a job.

ma'mughà adj. gravid, of a fish full of 'pukow v. awaken s.o.

roe.
pu'koy v. have an epileptic seizure.
'pugnut n. kind of bracelet, perhaps
made from a vine. See: 'pognot. 'pukajon adj. sick with epilepsy, of a
person.
pu'gow v. hole in the ground which is
dug as the nest of the green lizard 'pukpuk n. kind of bird, perhaps the
(i'bid). creeper or nuthatch. Dendrocopus sitta,
and/or rhabdornis. Name sounds like its
pu'gud-pugud v. for a fish to wriggle in call.
the hands.
pu'kù 1 v. break the neck.
'pugus v. wind hair into a bun.
pu'kù 2 v. squat; squat, sit or put s.t. or
'puhag v. drive bees from their hive. oneself on a log or stump.
See: 'pahag.
'pukut n. fishnet.

'pukyu n. pubic hair.

 129

pu'li part. just. 'pungug v. for a branch of a tree to fall.

pu'li kay part. just. 'punoy n. kind of greenish-yellow dove

that is found along riverbanks.
pu'ligkot adj. short, of sections of a
segmented plant such as bamboo or 'punpun Variant: 'pumpun. v. gather
sugar cane. s.t. which was put out to dry.

'puling n. foreign body in the eye. 'puntu v. decide on an action.

napu'lingan adj. of a person who has a pu'nù n. plant unit; unit of plant or
foreign body in the eye. tree; hill of plants as camote or corn.

pu'lipis v. rub s.t. between thumb and 'pùpù v. wash the vagina.
finger.
pu'pue adj. maimed, of limbs or digits.
pu'lipus v. make s.o. poor, exhausting
that person's resources by constant v. amputate limbs or digits.
begging.
'puputukan See main entry:
pu'liputan adj. small, of the hole of 'peputukan.
bamboo.
'pusgù n. kind of ant.
'pulsu n. pulse; wrist. From: English.
pu'siy Variant: pu'sil. n. gun.
'pumpun See main entry: 'punpun.
v. shoot with a gun. From: Spanish fusil.
'punduk n. group; pile.
pu'sod n. arrow flight; feather placed at
'pungguk n. edible snail; kind of cone the tail end of an arrow as an arrow
shaped freshwater gastropod about half flight.
inch in diameter.
v. fit a flight onto an arrow.
'pung'kù adj. disabled in the legs, of a
person. 'pusod n. navel; umbilical cord.

pi'nungkù n. kind of dance where the 'pus-ok v. bury.

dancer mimics a disabled person.
'pus-on Variant: 'pus-un. n. lower
pu'ngos v. get the face dirty. abdomen.

'pungos n. cluster of lansones fruit. pu'songa See main entry: pa'songa.

See: 'ungus.
'pusu n. heart.
'pung-ow adj. mentally retarded, of a
person. Usage: derogatory. 'pusù n. blossom of banana or palm
trees.
pung'pungan n. cocoon.
'pus-un See main entry: 'pus-on.
pu'ngue n. ragged clothes.
 130

pu'sung n. heart. pu'yut Variant: puet. n. sticky sap of

the to'gop tree used for catching birds.
pu'sù-pusù n. heart.
v. for a bird to be caught and stuck with
pu'sut n. young betelnut. See: pu'sut. this sap.

'puthow n. metal (iron or steel).

pu'tì adj. white. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~
'puting See main entry: 'buting. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pu'tus v. wrap.

pu'putus n. wrapper.

pu'tusay n. wrapper.
R - r
'puu v. destroy; exterminate.
'raspa v. cut (s.o.'s) hair short. From:
pu'ud n. thigh. Cebuano.
pu'un v. originate. ri'lu n. timepiece; watch; clock. From:
Spanish.
ka'puun n. origin.
ri'pulyu n. cabbage. From: Spanish.
'puwas v. pull down s.t. such as a
shoulder strap or hat; for s.t. such as a ri'tunlan n. kind of yellow banana.
strap to fall down. From: Cebuano.

pu'wayas n. virgin forest.

pamu'wayas v. clear virgin forest. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~
'puy-a v. doze; sleep lightly. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'puyog v. smear with a sticky
substance such as blood. See: paes.

'puyow v. have a sleepless night.

S - s
'puyu n. handle of a tool.
sa'ab v. overtake s.o. or s.t.; catch s.o.
pu'yù Variant: puè. n. island; area in an action.
surrounded by a clearing.
'saad v. promise; reserve the right to
pu'yus Variant: pues. n. value; benefit. claim s.t. in the future.

v. make use of s.t.; obtain benefit from sa'ba part. since; the reason why.
s.t. Phrase: sa'ba man.
 131

'Sabadu n. Saturday. 'sabu v. extinguish fire with water.

'sabak v. carry or hold in the lap. sa'buan adv. coincidentally.

'sabakan n. lap. v. for an action to occur repeatedly with

s.t. because the action occured
'sabanas n. blanket. From: Spanish. coincidentally at the first use of that
thing. The thing may be a new house,
sa'bandae n. slave. new dog, new trap, or s.t. similar. The
coincidental action may be a death in
sa'bang v. for a river to branch into a the new house, or a good catch with a
bigger river. new dog or trap.

saba'ngan n. river confluence. sa'bud v. plant by sowing. See: 'sawod.

'sabey v. do s.t. which which will lead 'sabuk v. loose; set a person or animal
one to be punished. free; escape.

sa'bi v. call to s.o. sa'bun n. soap. From: Spanish.

sa'bid adj. rapid; often. sa'but v. understand.

sa'bing n. ulcer on the corner of the 'sabut v. agree.

lips.
kasa'butan n. agreement.
sa'binit n. clothes, usually formal
clothes worn during rituals. pa'sabut v. explain; make s.o.
understand.
'sabit v. set a trap.
'sabya See main entry: 'sabja.
'sab-it v. hang s.t. as on a hook or nail;
get snagged on s.t. that sticks out. 'sabyok v. be hungry for meat or fish.

'sabja Variant: 'sabya. v. throw out 'sabyoy v. drape or hang s.t. flexible
water from a container. over s.t. else.

'sablig v. splash or throw water on s.t. 'sada See main entry: 'saja.
or s.o. with an underhand motion.
'sadà See main entry: 'sajà.
sa'bod v. for wind to blow s.t.
'sadae v. for a water vehicle to run
sabo'ka adj. one of a group. aground.

v. unite. v. for a land vehicle to become high-

centered.
sa'bow n. soup; broth.
v. for s.t. suspended such as a pig's
sa'boy n. tripwire for a trap. stomach or hammock to sag to the
ground.
'sabsab v. for animals to graze.
 132

sa'dangay Variant: a'dangay. interj. 'saekat n. woven bamboo platform on

please! oh no! oh yes! used in pleading posts used in threshing rice. Rice is
for help or relief. placed on the raised platform and
threshed. The chaff will fly away while
sa'dop See main entry: sa'jop. rice grains fall through the platform to a
mat underneath.
'sadow See main entry: 'sajow.
n. woven bamboo platform hung from a
'sadsad v. grope around for s.t. with the bamboo pole used in child dedication.
feet. Offerings of food, betel nut quid, eggs
and other things are placed on the
v. feel s.o. out about a matter. platform.

'sadug See main entry: 'sajug. saem'pigoy v. stagger or walk with a

swaying motion, as a sick or drunk
sa'duk n. kind of conical hat made out person.
of the sago sheath.
'saempu v. overflow; for a river to
saduki'lom v. travel at night. break its banks.
See: du'kilom.
saen n. sugar palm wine made from the
sa'dun See main entry: sa'jun. cabonegro ('higjup) palm.

saè1 See main entry: sa'yà. saeng Variant: 'sayang. v. break a

pattern of activity.
saè2 See main entry: 'sayà.
sae'nganan n. kind of large rattan that
'saedub v. for a flame to reach and grows in swampy places.
burn s.t. not intended to be burned.
saeng'kugi Variant: sang'kugi. v. kind
'saegajow v. for a mixture to be of tree, the bark of which is used to
watery. neutralize to poison of the 'baay tuber.

adj. watery; thin, of a mixture. Aff: ma-, 'saengoyngoy Variant: 'sengoyngoy.

Idiom: saegajow to utok ‘dull, of adj. for the head to droop to the side
intelligence (lit. watery brain)’; because of sleep, drunkenness, or death
saegajow to yangosa. of a loved one. Aff: na-, ka-.

adj. 'saen-ow n. kind of fish trap made out

of thorny rattan ends.
sae'gapun n. rainstorm.
'sae-ot v. mix.
'saegsag n. kingfisher. Halcyon and/or
Pelargopsis. saep See main entry: 'sayap.

'saegunting n. rafter or truss of a 'saepì n. money; silver.

house.
sa'pian adj. rich.
saek See main entry: 'sayak.
 133

'saepid Variant: 'sapid. v. braid or plait 'sagisi n. kind of black dove with red
s.t. such as hair. beak, eyes and feet.

v. trip the legs. 'sagkiang v. limp heavily because of a

foot injury.
'saepit n. excrement left on anus of a
person following a bowel movement. 'sagkop adj. low; short; of vertical
objects.
sae'piton adj. of a person with
excrement still left on the anus. 'sagkot adj. thick, of a mixture or
syrup. Aff: ma-.
'saewig n. rainstorm. Usage: archaic.
'sagman v. question or comment on
'sagad1 v. implicate s.o. in a crime. s.o.'s extraordinary actions.

'sagad2 v. encounter a trap or ambush. nasag'manan v. have one's name

mentioned by a spirit and thus fall ill.
v. ambush a person; attack an animal by
surprise. 'sagnuy v. pull a boat or raft upstream.

sa'gang v. block a blow by raising the sa'gopu See main entry: sa'kopu.
arms or an instrument.
sa'goy n. kind of tree, the leaves of
saga'pà adj. leafy and having many which can cause severe skin irritations.
branches, of a tree. Aff: ma-. Syn: ma'nanggat. Grows in virgin forest
or uncultivated land. It is said that the
'sagbey v. impede smooth water travel. leaves quake when a person approaches
it.
'sagda v. scold s.o.
'sagpì v. harvest corn.
'sagey v. strain a liquid.
'sagping v. cut off part of the body,
'sag-id v. for a vehicle to sidesweep s.t. usually the ears, perhaps also the lips.
or s.o.
'sagpù v. for a branch to break off from
v. for a rope or s.t. similar such as a a tree. Can be due to wind or the weight
snake to rub against s.t. of its fruit.

sagi'ling v. cry or throw a tantrum 'sagu n. fluid that flows from the
when someone is leaving, usually of respiratory tract of a corpse.
children.
sagu'badbad n. tree sp.
sa'giloy v. sling s.t. over the shoulder.
sa'guksuk n. coucal (Philippine,
'saging n. banana. Rufous, lesser, and/or Steere's); kind of
dark red grass bird that lives in tall
sa'ging-saging n. kind of edible grass.
mushroom with wide cap. Grows on
decaying banana and abaca stalks and sag-u'li Variant: sau'li. v. go s.w. and
leaves. return the same day. See: 'ulì.
 134

saguli'pot Variant: sagupi'lot. n. sore sa'japow n. kind of softwood tree with

eye; conjunctivitis. an aromatic bark. Good for building
materials.
v. have a sore eye.
sa'jop1 Variant: sa'dop. v. err; make a
'sagulit v. mimic a person or animal; mistake.
parrot s.o.
n. error; mistake.
'sag-ulit v. parrot s.o., repeating what
is spoken. sa'jop2 v. arrive s.w. late.

'sagumata n. sore eye. sa'jow n. swift; kind of bird. Collocalia

spp.
v. have a sore eye.
'sajow Variant: 'sadow. v. dance.
sagu'nahù n. splash; sound of rushing
water as of a waterfall. sa'ju adv. early. Syn: 'soyom. From:
Cebuano sayu.
sa'gundae v. be affected by another's
misdeed, as the parents of a criminal. 'sajug Variant: 'sadug. v. swing.
See: 'daehig.
sa'jun Variant: sa'dun. adj. easy.
sagun'dina See main entry: sigun'dina.
pangin'sajun v. take advantage of s.o.
sa'gupapa v. over-commit; overextend or of a situation.
oneself, trying to do more than one can
handle. Usage: archaic. sa'juti Variant: sa'yuti. n. vegetable sp;
chayote. Sechium edule. From:
sagupi'lot See main entry: saguli'pot. Cebuano sayuti.

sag'-uyu v. memorize. 'saka n. visitor.

'sagwae v. stop s.o. from doing s.t. or v. propose marriage. First attempt for
going s.w. parents of an intended bridegroom to
visit the household of the intended bride
'sahà n. shoot or sucker of plants like with a spokesperson to present a
bananas, abaca and bird of paradise. marriage proposal to the parents of the
intended bride.
'sahag v. for a liquid to leak.
'sakaaw n. person or animal who
sa'ilap v. glance at s.o. or s.t.; see. snatches food without authorization.

sa'ilow n. vision. 'sakbat n. house beams; beams on

which floor joists are placed; girder.
v. see a vision.
'sakbu v. peel sugar cane.
'saja Variant: 'sada. n. woman's skirt.
'sakdap v. for a bird of prey to catch its
'sajà Variant: 'sadà. v. praise. prey with a swooping dive.
 135

'sakgow v. snatch, esp. of s.t. to be cutting of the tree to the collecting of

given to s.o. else. the processed starch.

sa'kiki v. for a rooster to dance around 'sakup n. member.

a hen in a mating dance.
pa'sakup v. join a group.
sa'kì-kì v. hop on one foot.
ginsa'kupan n. subject people;
'sakit v. get sick. members of a group under a leader.

n. pain. sa'kupu See main entry: sa'kopu.

sa'kit n. sickness; illness. 'sakyop adj. twilight.

masa'kit adj. sick. sa'la n. kind of indigenous song.

ma'sakit adj. painful. sala'butan n. knowledge. See main

entry: sa'but.
'sakiy v. topple an animal or person by
pulling on a lower limb. sa'lamat interj. thanks!

'sakmit v. snatch s.t. while the owner is 'sali v. disturb s.t. supposedly put in a
not looking. safe place; disturb or interrupt s.o. doing
an activity. Aff: pa-.
'sakodu Variant: 'sokodu. n. bamboo
water container. sali'botbot n. kind of medicinal shrub
used to treat open wounds. Cambium
v. fetch water with a bamboo container. layer is scraped, wrapped in banana
leaves, and roasted. Warm juice is
sa'kognat v. move suddenly. Aff: pa-. squeezed from the cambium pulp onto
the wound.
sa'kopu Variant: sa'gopu; sa'kupu. v.
hold or carry s.t. in both arms, esp. a sa'libwa v. for a liquid to boil up or
child. boil over.

'sakot v. mix ; mingle. sali'dongdong v. throw s.t. flat with a

side-arm motion, as in skipping a stone.
sa'sakot n. ingredients.
'salig1 v. trust s.o. to do s.t.
sa'koy v. ride.
sa'lig v. irresponsibly depend on s.o.
'sakpan v. overtake; catch. else.

n. egg found in the body of a bird that insa'lig v. for s.o. to entrust s.t. or s.o.
has been killed. to the care of s.o.

'saku n. sack. 'salig2 n. blunt edge of a bolo.

'sakue v. extract starch from a palm sa'ligan v. strike s.o. with the blunt
tree. The whole process, from the edge of a bolo.
 136

sa'likot n. kind of tree, the sap of pa'salipod v. seek shelter behind or

which is used as an adhesive. under s.t.
Syn: 'tagkan.
pana'lipod v. defend or protect s.t. or
n. sap of the tree of the same name. s.o. from danger.
Used as an adhesive, esp. to seal the
tang of a blade to the handle. sa'lisid n. house extension.

v. seal a blade tang to the handle with v. build a house extension, add another
this sap. room onto a house.

sa'liling v. make an offering for s.o. sali'yow n. small bell worn as

afflicted by spirits. necklace, etc.

n. sacrificed animal offered to spirit as sa'mà n. leftovers.

substitute for person being afflicted by
that spirit; animal given by one party as v. save part of s.t. (usually food) for
a blood substitute to another party in later or for s.o.
place of the first party. Blood substitute
is given as in the case when two people sa'man adv. completely, of actions
fight and one is killed. A judging 'datù such as taking or eating so that nothing
will require that the killer give an is left.
animal to the family of the killed person
in place of his own body. The aggrieved 'sambag v. advise.
family usually pours out their wrath on
the animal by violently stabbing the n. advice.
animal repeatedly with a spear and
calling the animal by the name of the 'sambay v. mention.
killer.
samba'yunut See main entry:
sa'limbae n. golden house. sam'benut.

sali'ngit v. place s.t. in the fork of a sam'benut Variant: samba'yunut. n.

tree or s.t. similar, such as the horns of a kind of yellow green snake.
deer.
'sambung n. kind of medicinal plant
sa'lingsing n. new branch which used externally to treat body pains and
sprouts out of an old branch. taken internally to treat stomach
ailments and malaria.
v. for a new branch to sprout out of an
old branch. sa'mi-sami v. for a liquid to fill to the
brim of a container; for a river to reach
mana'lingsing n. tree that grows new the top of its banks. Aff: mana-.
branches.
sa'mì-samì adv. messily, esp. of eating
sa'lipad v. fly unsteadily. and drinking, when one spills the food
or drink all over.
sali'pit-sipit n. scorpion.
sa'moy v. decorate a cloth being
sali'pod n. shelter. woven with colored thread.
 137

n. decorative thread or design used in 'sandà v. give s.t. as security for a

weaving. borrowed item.

'sampak v. slap s.o. on the mouth. 'sandae v. be upset by the

inconsiderate acts of s.o.; become tired
sam'palu v. slap s.o. on the face. of or bothered by the habitually
inconsiderate acts of others.
'sampig v. for the beam of a boat to
strike an obstacle protruding up from san'dayon v. have a reputation for
the river while the boat is travelling upsetting others by inconsiderate or
downstream. antisocial acts.

v. for a stranger to come and live in a 'sandag n. decorative tubular brass

community. Usage: idiomatic. anklet containing iron balls which rattle.
Syn: 'dutus. Worn by women, esp. when
sam'piling n. thick cheeks of a wild dancing.
boar.
sanda'yung n. gutter at the edge of a
'sampinit See main entry: 'sapinit. roof. From: Cebuano.

'sampit v. call s.o. or attract attention. 'sandì v. lean against s.t. See: 'sandig.
From: Cebuano.
'sandig v. lean against s.t. From:
'sampong v. cover an opening with s.t. Cebuano. See main entry: 'sandì.

'sampot v. yearn for s.o. See: 'sangpot. san'diloy v. speak indirectly by

addressing to s.o. what is really
'sampow n. waterfall. intended for another's ears. Aff: pa-.

sam'poyong v. lay the palm of the hand 'sandog v. for s.t. or s.o. to be stranded
on s.o.'s head. or run aground.

sam'puyù n. number ten. 'sanduk n. ladle; wide cooking spoon.

Syn: 'yuwag.
sa'mug v. splash or throw water on s.t.
or s.o. with an underhand motion. san'dukù n. kind of large bolo,
formerly used in combat.
'samuk v. disrupt a peaceful or quiet
situation. 'sanga n. branch of a tree.

n. disruption; trouble. sangasa'ngahan adj. full of branches.

ka'samuk n. disruption; trouble. 'sangab v. burn a large area or structure

with a high flame evident.
ma'samuk adj. noisy.
sanga'ban n. land or kaingin that was
sa'mulig n. kind of rattan like material. burnt.

'sanap v. overflow with water; flood. sa'ngay v. name s.o. after s.o. else;
have the same name as s.o. else.
 138

'sanggat v. hang s.t. as on a hook or sang'kugi See main entry: saeng'kugi.

nail; get snagged on s.t. that sticks out.
'sangod n. one nickname used by
sangga'tanan n. place with a hook friends for each other. From: Cebuano
where personal belongings are hung. sangud.

sang'golot See main entry: go'lot. 'sangpot v. yearn for the presence of
s.o. who has been away; rejoice at
'sanggot n. small curved bolo. Used for meeting s.o. who has been away.
cutting palm blossoms for the sap See: 'sampot.
('tobà).
sangu-'sangu n. snout of a pig.
'sanggue v. cut off the comb of a
rooster; cut off part of s.o.'s ear. n. face of a person. Usage: derogatory.

'sangì n. kind of small bolo with a 'sangyaw v. proclaim.

curved blade. Syn: 'nawnangonon. From: Cebuano.

'sangkà v. insert the red hot tang of a 'sani n. thatch; nipa roofing.
bolo into the handle by striking the
handle against s.t. hard. 'san-ok v. dump; put things in a place
without arranging.
sangka'anan n. hard thing against
which the bolo handle is struck. 'santing n. kind of war dance.

'sangkad n. dwarf post; post placed san'titù n. kind of game played with
beneath a beam to support it. marbles or da'gaaw seeds where the
object of the game is to strike a
v. place a dwarf post beneath a beam to designated marble with a striker marble.
support it.
'sanyag v. dry fry in a pan; roast by dry
'sangkag v. drop or fall to the ground frying.
bottom first; compact the contents of a
container by repeatedly dropping the sa'ob n. lid; cover.
container on the ground bottom first.
sa'og Variant: so'og. n. floor.
'sangkap n. equipment.
sa'pà n. creek.
v. be equipped.
'sapà v. swear an oath or vow upon
kasang'kapan n. equipment and oneself; take an oath.
materials, or ingredients, for making s.t.
pa'napà n. curse.
From: Cebuano.
'sapad v. stop s.o.; advise s.o. to stop
'sangkod v. for people or animals to an antisocial act.
mature.
sa'pae n. bagasse; dry pulp of things
'sangkub v. crown; put s.t. on the head. like suger cane and grated coconut after
the juice has been extracted.
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'sap-ang v. carry s.o., esp. a child, on sa'put-saput n. body membrane, as the

the shoulders, with the neck between membrane covering the abdominal
the legs of the one being carried. cavity; tendon; ligament.

'sapat v. bring s.t. up to an elevated 'sapya adj. for food to be coarse in

structure. texture so that it it difficult to swallow;
bland, not tasty, like rice which has
sa'patus n. shoe. From: Spanish. been allowed to become damp before
re-drying and cooking, or like old corn
'sapid See main entry: 'saepid. which has been pre-digested by weevils,
or like 'baay cooked in a lot of water.
sa'pigid v. pass near to s.t. or s.o. Aff: ma-.

sa'pilya n. wood plane. From: 'sapyad adj. of a person who lisps.

Cebuano.
sa'rabya n. kind of cooking banana.
sa'pimpin v. segregate from a mixed From: Cebuano.
group in order to group together the
same kind; separate. sa'sae n. piece of bamboo cut through
lengthwise before flattening for use as
'sapinit Variant: 'sampinit. n. kind of panelling.
thorny vine. Caesalpinia nuga.
'sasaw v. interrupt noisily.
'saplid v. skim off the top portion of
grain stored in a container. 'sastri n. tailor. Syn: mano'nohì. From:
Idiom: Saplid ka! ‘Go die! (Lit. 'You be Cebuano.
skimmed from the world!', a curse)’.
'satue v. for things that thrown to
sapo'ding n. kind of small yellowish- bounce off, not things that are dropped.
green stinging insect larva that looks
like a caterpillar. sa-u'li See main entry: sag-u'li.

'sapoy v. finish weaving the edges of sa'up v. give a mix of medicines.

mats, baskets, bags and hats (not cloth).
'saut v. do a war dance with a weapon,
'sapsap v. cut grass or weeds with a such as a spear or bolo, and often with a
blunt tipped bolo at ground level. shield. Done before and after battle.
Only danced by men.
sa'pu v. brush s.t. off a surface.
'sawa n. snake.
'sapù v. butcher a carcass, cutting it
into pieces. sa'wà v. be disappointed at s.o.

'sapue v. exacerbate a bad situation; 'sawae v. blame.

make matters worse than they already
are; take s.t. away from s.o. even though 'saw-ae n. trousers.
it is not enough for that person; waste a
scarce resource. sa'wagkae adv. awkwardly, of action
such as in using an instrument due to
 140

lack of training, or as in using the non- 'sayop v. for the sun or moon to set.
dominant hand in an activity.
sa'yopan n. west.
sawa'ing adj. of a person who has
inappropriate behaviour. Such sa'yoy n. lemon grass. Andropogon
behaviour includes marrying a close citratus.
relative, or a respected person being
drunk and shouting in the streets. sayoy-'sayoy n. kind of plant similar to
lemon grass used as fish poison.
'sawan v. have convulsions.
'sayu v. eat together from one plate or
sawan-'sawan n. kind of medicinal other serving dish.
herb. Juice used as a cure for
convulsions. Heated leaves used as a 'sayù n. bark of a tree (removed, not on
head poultice for fever or a poultice for the tree).
aching bodyparts
sa'yù v. strip bark from a tree.
'saw-it See main entry: 'haw-it.
'sayud v. collect with a container s.t.
'sawod v. plant rice by sowing. flowing downwards such as water, rice,
See: sa'bud. palm sap or blood.

sa'woy v. criticize. sa'yud n. container used to collect s.t.

flowing downwards, often a bamboo
saw'sae-ot conj. by-the-way. tube.

sa'yà Variant: saè. n. sin; fault. sa'yuk v. fetch water.

v. commit sin. sa'yukan n. place to fetch water from.

adj. guilty. 'say-ung v. carry s.t. on the back with a

tumpline slung from the head. Method
'sayà Variant: saè. v. seive or strain a of carrying used by women more
liquid. commonly than men.

'sayad prep. under. sayu'ngag n. kind of stake trap where

numerous bamboo stakes are staggered
'sayak Variant: saek. v. shoot or spear in a pit or base of a jump point with the
a moving target such as a running tips covered with leaves to hide the
monkey or flying bird. stakes.

'sayang See main entry: saeng. sayun'kajan n. bird sp.

'sayap Variant: saep. v. observe or n. crest of a bird.

watch out for s.t. or s.o.; spy on s.o.
sa'yuti See main entry: sa'juti.
'sayong n. sap of the 'yawaan or
a'pitung trees. Used as glue and is sa'yuyu v. carry s.t. by slinging across
pulverized and used for lighting fuel. the chest, such as babies or a broken
arm.
 141

sed Variant: so'yod. prep. in. 'sibà v. for insects and rodents to
destroy a crop.
v. enter.
'sibad v. for a fish or crocodile to catch
n. inside; contents. prey.

'segsug v. be pricked by s.t. sharp, si'bit v. sew nipa shingles.

such as splinter.
ma'nugsibit n. nipa sewers.
v. sew s.t. by hand.
'sibog v. retreat; move backward;
'sei Variant: se'ini; 'soi. pro. this; these; remove offerings from an altar.
proximal demonstrative.
'sibù adj. fitting.
se'ini Variant: 'sei; so'ini. pro. this;
these; proximal demonstrative. 'sibug v. for people of animals to be
stirred up.
'semsem v. rain briefly in the early
morning. Aff: paN-. sibu'ling n. kind of small onion like
plant, perhaps kind of leek or chives.
'sengoyngoy See main entry:
'saengoyngoy. si'buyas n. onion. From: Cebuano.

Sep'timbri n. September. sida-'sida v. shoo! used to drive away

dogs.
'sepu v. die, used only in cursing s.o.
Usage: derogatory. 'sid-ok v. hiccup.

set v. never mind. 'sidsid n. bottom edge of clothing or

cloth; hem.
si det. mr.; mrs.; miss; absolutive case
determiner for singular personal proper 'siga n. flame.
nouns (names).
v. shine.
si'ak pro. I; me; first person singular
absolutive case emphatic pronoun. ma'siga adj. bright.
Syn: si'akon.
'sig-ab v. burp or belch when one is
si'akon pro. I; me; first person singular not full and not eating.
absolutive case emphatic pronoun.
Syn: si'ak. pa'nig-ab v. for a person to belch when
the tutelary spirit enters the person.
si'am n. number nine.
'sig-ang n. grate on a firetable.
kasi'aman n. ninety. See: 'sug-ang.

kasi'aman mey i'sa n. ninety one. 'sig-anit v. break the 'Anit taboo and be
liable for punishment. See main entry:
si'angat v. ambush; lie in wait for prey, 'Anit.
esp. to shoot fish with bow and arrow.
 142

siga'rilyu n. cigarette. From: Spanish. si'hud v. kick s.t. aside with the foot or
shove it aside with the knee.
'sigbin n. kind of dog-like spirit.
'sikad v. push with the feet.
'sigi interj. okay! go ahead! From:
Spanish. 'sikadan n.

si'gid v. tie nipa roofing. panikad-'sikad make motions

preparatory to an action, esp. fighting.
n. roofing ties of rattan.
si'kalig n. kind of tree the roots of
'sigid adv. do s.t. systematically. which are used for orange dye.

'sigkon v. stop doing s.t. Syn: 'ondang. si'kalima adj. one-fifth. See: li'ma.

'sigkue n. kind of bird. si'kami Variant: 'kami. pro. we; us;

absolutive emphatic first person plural
'sigmot v. plot to secure s.t. or s.o. exclusive.
elusive.
si'kan det. the; that (near); those;
'sig-ob v. burp. Syn: a'gob-ob. absolutive or oblique case, definite.
Syn: kan.
'sigong v. whir with a whizzing sound.
si'kandan pro. they; absolutive case
'sigoy v. for a river to flood and swell third person plural pronoun.
but not break its banks.
si'kandin pro. he; she; absolutive case
'sigpang v. for secondary shoots third person singular pronoun.
(singin) of rice to grow beside a main
shoot. OvSyn: 'singin. si'kanom adj. one-sixth. See: o'nom.

sigun'dina Variant: sagun'dina. n. kind si'kanow pro. we all (incl.); us all

of medicinal plant. (incl.); absolutive case emphatic first
person group or plural inclusive.
'sigupan n. pipe for smoking. See: si'kitanow.

sigu'radu adv. certainly. From: si'kapat adj. one-fourth. See: u'pat.

Cebuano.
si'katlu adj. one-third. See: tato'yu.
'sigwit n. flycatcher; kind of bird.
Ficedula cyornis, culicicapa, or si'kawayu adj. one-eighth. See: wa'yu.
muscicapa, culicicipa.
'sikbung v. kick while swimming.
'sihak v. for a small stream of water
from a sea or river to flow back inland. 'sikdu v. elbow.

'sihì n. kind of round brown edible si'key Variant: so'key. v. withhold s.t.;
aquatic snail. refuse to share with another.
 143

si'kita pro. we; absolutive case pa'nilag v. guard s.t. or s.o. jealously.
emphatic first person plural or dual
inclusive. 'sil-ap v. glance at s.o.

si'kitanow pro. we all (incl.); us all 'silat v. for the sun or moon to rise.
(incl.); absolutive case emphatic first
person group or plural inclusive. si'latan n. east.
See: si'kanow.
'silhig n. broom.
si'kiyu Variant: si'kuyu. pro. you;
absolutive case emphatic second person v. sweep.
plural.
'silib v. peep.
'sikmat v. for a disease or bad behavior
to recur; relapse. si'ling adj. contrary, of a person.

si'kò v. hesitate. silisi'lihan n. kind of brown aquatic

bird with a long-neck and short webbed
si'kop v. grope for and catch feet.
submerged water animals such as fish or
shrimp. si'longdong v. expose oneself to rain or
sun.
'sikop n. black-winged kite; kind of
small brown kite. Milvus migrans. 'sil-ot v. insert s.t. between others.

si'kot adj. spaced closely together. 'silow adj. bright.

'sikow n. shame. v. dazzle by brightness.

ka'sikow v. feel ashamed; feel shy. 'silupin n. cellophane; thin plastic;

plastic bag. From: English.
balin'sikawon adj. shy; bashful.
'silut v. punish. From: Cebuano.
'siku n. elbow of a person.
'simag v. shine; glow.
v. elbow s.o.
si'mana n. week. From: Cebuano.
mig'siku v. curve sharply, of a road.
'simba v. worship; go to church.
si'kuan n. shuttle of a weaving loom
which is passed from side to side. simba'han n. place of worship; church.

si'kuna pro. you (singular); absolutive From: Cebuano.

case emphatic second person singular.
'simbug v. mix, esp. solutions; dilute.
'sikung v. echo.
si'milya n. seedling. Syn: tu'tudì.
si'kuyu See main entry: si'kiyu. From: Cebuano.

'silag v. covet; envy. 'simoyad See main entry: 'simyad.

 144

sim'pana if it was me. phrase: sim'pana 'singkab v. for a fish to come to the
ku. surface of the water in order to catch
food.
si'mud n. nose.
'singkaliyag v. for two or more people
'simyad Variant: 'simoyad. v. expose to like each other. See main entry:
oneself to the heat of the sun. See main li'yag.
entry: bo'yad.
'singsing n. ring.
sin det. messrs.; mrs.; misses;
absolutive case determiner for plural 'singwoy v. for a hen to wean her
personal proper nouns (names). chicks, leaving them on their own.
Syn: 'onsi, oy. Usage: archaic. See: si.
v. for a child to move away from home
si'nabong n. room, esp. a bedroom. and dependence upon family.
Usage: humorous.
si'nadab v. singe the hair of an animal.
'singyas v. signal by gestures. From:
si'naengsang n. altar for offering eggs Cebuano.
and betelnut chew to spirits of the air.
Made from a bamboo pole which is si'niku n. triangle.
planted in the ground upright. The top
end of the pole contains the eggs and adj. triangular. See main entry: 'siku.
betelnut chew.
si'nikwe adj. trapezoid.
si'nagjap n. woven bamboo walling.
si'nilas n. slippers. Not bedroom
si'nangkad v. place or wear a comb in slippers, but made of rubber with a
the hair. thong-like strap over the foot From:
Spanish.
si'nangyoy v. carry with a pole on the
shoulder with the objects hung at both 'sinlaub n. charm worn around the
ends of the pole. neck.

singa'bin v. give a small amount of si'nogow v. cry.

money to the owner as a deposit for the
right to lay claim to an animal after it 'sinow v. shine.
has been born. See main entry: 'abin.
adj. shiny.
si'ngaedow adv. by day, of activity
done during the daytime. sin'silyu n. change (money). From:
Cebuano.
v. work for pay.
siob-'siob v. backbite; talk about s.o. in
'singaman adv. sometimes; once in a a derogatory manner when not in that
while. person's presence.

'singin n. scondary rice shoot. 'siot n. wrist.

OvSyn: 'sigpang.
v. have wrist pain.
 145

'sipà v. kick. n. nick in a blade.

'sipdug Variant: 'sipduk. v. 'siya n. chair. Syn: ingku'danan. From:

accidentally kick s.t. resulting in an Spanish.
injured foot.
si'yauk v. for a chicken to squawk.
'sipduk See main entry: 'sipdug.
so adj. one.
'sipit v. pinch with pincers.
'sobey v. dam; for water to be hindered
si'pit n. pincer of a shellfish. in its flow.

'sipnga v. blow mucus from the nose. 'sobsob n. water that collects from a
spring.
sipo'un n. cold; mucus.
so'bu v. for liquid to boil or bubble.
v. have a cold/runny nose.
v. temper metal.
'sipsip v. wedge.
'sobuuk adj. one.
n. wedge.
'sobuukon adj. only; alone.
si'ra v. close s.t., as a door or window.
From: Spanish. so'dà n. viand, food eaten with rice.

si'radu v. secure a door shut. From: 'sodlop See main entry: 'sodyop.
Spanish.
'sodon v. persist in doing s.t. in spite of
si'si v. detach a honeycomb from a tree danger or difficulty.
branch.
so'dop v. enter a trap or closed
sisi'bian n. waterline, line where the building.
water level meets the riverbank.
OvSyn: bagibi'tan. 'sodop See main entry: 'sojop.

'sisim v. for birds to drink. 'sodyop Variant: 'sodlop. v. enter the

forest.
v. for light rain to fall after a drought.
Birds drink this rain that collects on so'ga n. sun.
cupped leaves.
ma'soga adj. sunny.
'sista n. guitar. From: Cebuano.
so'gà n. lamp; artificial light.
'sitaw n. string beans, kind of green
bean about 30cm long. Syn: 'baetung. soga-so'ga adj. smell of dried sweat.
From: Cebuano. Aff: ma-. See main entry: so'ga.

'sitsit v. hiss at s.o. to get attention. 'soghoy Variant: 'sughuy. v. for long
hair to be worn loose.
'siwang v. nick a blade.
 146

'sogkaen Variant: 'sogkayan. n. yard 'somang v. nullify power by means of

around a house. a greater power. Examples: A
diwatahan cannot be possessed by his
'sogkayan See main entry: 'sogkaen. diwata because the smell of burning
hair or feathers is in the air. Measles
'soglay n. comb. doesn't emerge because of medicine.

so'god v. for an insect to sting; for an 'somod adj. fatty or oily, of food.
insect or snake to bite. Aff: ma-.

so'hug v. mix s.t. liquid such as broth 'somong v. for plants to drown or be
or sauce with food such as cooked rice over-watered.
or camote.
'somot v. connive; plot evil against s.o.
'soi See main entry: 'sei.
'sompuk adj. blunt-tipped.
'soing v. sit close (touching) beside s.o.
'somu adj. rich or heavy, of foods such
so'ini See main entry: se'ini. as durian, honey, glutinous rice and ice
cream. Aff: ma-.
'sojop Variant: 'sodop. v. suck or soak
up s.t. such as air or liquid; absorb; v. feel unable to eat any more of a
draw in. certain food which is too rich.

so'key See main entry: si'key. 'son-ad v. cook staple food such as
rice, corn or camote.
so'kò adj. angry. Syn: ma'boyù. From:
Cebuano suku. n. cooked staple food.

'sokod v. measure; be the same. so'ngak Variant: su'ngak. v. talk

nasally.
'sokodu See main entry: 'sakodu.
'songgod n. unsharpened part of a
so'kog v. for a part of s.t. solid to catch blade between the cutting edge and the
on s.t. else, hindering movement. handle.

so'koli v. take turns with s.o. else, such 'songkoy v. be stunted.

as in the performance of a certain
activity. ma'songkoy adj. stunted.

'sokolid n. other side of s.t. blocking. so'ngo adj. one unit of s.t.

'soksok v. hide a small object; slip a so'ngot n. bad odor.

small object in between s.t. like a
waistband to hide it; for a small animal maso'ngot adj. odorous.
to crawl into a hiding place.
'songsong v. plug a hole.
so'lib n. area under a house or tree.
n. plug.
 147

so'nob v. dive under water. so'yò v. for water that is being heated
to be about to boil.
paso'nob v. make s.o. dive underwater.
Also a kind of ordeal which parties are so'yod See main entry: sed.
subjected to if there are two main
suspects for a crime. The one who 'soyod n. roommate.
surfaces first is considered guilty while
the one who stays the longest is v. lodge; for s.o. to stay together with
considered innocent. s.o. else in the same room or house.
See: so'yod.
'sonson v. tighten or move closer
together things such as floorboards, 'soyom adv. early in the morning.
roofing, fencing, seedlings; tighten a
drumskin. v. do s.t. early in the morning.
See: 'doyom.
so'og See main entry: sa'og.
'soysoy v. narrate; tell s.t. to s.o.
so'ong v. obstruct; hinder the free
movement of s.t. su See main entry: sù.

so'pà v. chew. sù Variant: su. conj. because.

sopak-so'pak v. eat s.t. noisily, su unu ko conj. lest. See: unu; ko.
smacking the lips. Aff: pa-.
su unu kud man conj. because I know.
so'pì n. hand of bananas. Contraction: su unu ku dà man.

'sopok v. cut s.t. short. 'suan n. pointed stick for digging

camote. Syn: ka'kali.
'sosey v. blame s.o. or s.t.; blame
oneself for s.t.; regret bad deeds; feel 'suat v. imitate or mimic sounds or
remorse over s.t. bad. actions.

in'sosey blame s.o. or s.t. for s.t. 'suba v. travel upstream or upriver in a
water vehicle.
so'sò adj. aggressive; persistent.
'subak v. for the bride's family to
sow'sebù v. except. reciprocate gifts from the grooms
family. Aff: -in--ay. Always less than
part. save; only. the bride price given to the bride's
family. After the wedding feast that is
'sowsow v. stir water with the hands or given by the bridegroom's parents, the
feet. bride's parents will give a feast equal to
or even not equal to the feast given by
'soya n. stem of the elephant ear plant. the bridegroom's parents.

'soyag n. strand; unit of fibrous objects 'suban v. for a situation or mood to

such as hair. change drastically.

su'bida n. upgrade.
 148

v. ascend. Syn: go'mow. From: Spanish. su'gi v. feel pain in removing a thorn.

'suboy v. follow. sugi'ban n. kind of small basket woven

out of pandan leaves attached to the
'subra n. surplus. From: Spanish. waist in front of the body. Used in
harvesting rice panicles.
'subsub v. burn s.t. to ashes, of grass,
wood, or medicinal ingredients. su'gilon n. traditional type of story.

'subuk1 soft core of palm trees. v. tell a traditional type of story.

'subuk2 v. plant cuttings of certain 'sugjang v. be pierced by sharp

plants such as sugarcane or cassava. bamboo prongs planted in the ground.

subuk-su'buk v. enter an area with 'sugkad n. comb.

thick vegetation such as tall grass or
thick forest undergrowth without cutting 'sugnap v. for fish to forage in shallow
a path. Aff: paN-. water, usually at night. This is the time
fish are caught by spearing.
'sub-ung v. place a baby in a
hammock. 'sugnu v. roast a large chunk of meat
over a fire.
'sudà See main entry: 'sujà.
'sugnud v. ritually offer things such as
su'due v. re-open an old wound. food or drink to the soul of a dead
person. Offering consists of what were
'sud-uk v. for water from a flooded the favorite consumables of the person
river to flow back up into a lake. while that person was still living. Items
offered may be consumed by anyone in
'sudyat v. injure the eye by poking. the household after the ritual is over.

suè Variant: su'yù. n. torch. 'sugoy v. suffer a relapse of an illness.

sueng n. part of roof covering the 'sugpà v. vomit blood or suffer from
gable. tuberculosis.

su'gang v. head directly into or go 'sugpat v. join two long objects end to
against s.t. impeding progress. end.

'sug-ang n. grate on a firetable; n. joint.

cooking tripod. See: 'sig-ang.
kasinug'patan n. knot that joins two
'sugba v. roast or broil by placing in a ends.
fire.
'sugù v. order or send s.o.
'sugbahan v. dedicate s.t. to a spirit.
kasu'guan n. orders; laws.
sinug'bahan n. s.t. dedicated to a spirit.
sugu'onon n. servant.
'sughuy See main entry: 'soghoy.
 149

'sug-ub v. insert a blade into its sheath. 'sukà n. vinegar.

su'gud n. meander or curve in a road or 'sukat v. confront s.o. regarding

river; land surrounded by a meander and allegations or gossip.
almost cut off.
su'kib n. pain in the rib area.
v. for land to be surrounded by a river
meander and almost cut off. 'suklip v. insert s.t. small in between
flat things such as nipa shingles.
'sugud v. begin an activity.
'suklip to 'mata v. turn the eyeballs up
Su'gujon n. hunting spirit; kind of under the upper eyelids.
spirit in charge of game. See main
entry: su'guy. 'sukoli v. take turns with s.o. in the
performance of a certain activity.
su'gung n. bamboo tube made from
one internode open at one end and v. wear s.o. else's clothing.
closed at the other, longer than sa'yud.
Used as a container or a percussion 'suksuk v. insert s.t. small in between
musical instrument. Rhythm is obtained flat things such as nipa shingles.
by thumping the closed end of the tube
on the ground with the open end facing su'kud v. measure.
up.
'sukud n. measurement.
sugu'onon n. servant.
su'kue n. young mushroom that has not
su'gut v. consent; obey. opened its cap.

masinug'tanon adj. obedient. 'sukue n. cooking tripod.

'sug-ut n. gift; reward. 'sukun v. talk about s.t.

'sug-utan v. give a gift or reward. 'suk-ung See main entry: 'sukyung.

su'guy v. offer a sacrifice before su'kut v. collect a debt; demand

hunting to spirit called Su'gujon. payment.

su'hik-suhik v. search systematically manu'kutay n. debt or tax collector.

s.w.
'sukyung Variant: 'suk-ung. v. carry s.t.
v. take s.o. on a circuitous path. Aff: ig-. on the head.

'suhue n. wage. su'lisud v. get only a little of s.t.

because others got there first and
v. hire s.o. already got most of it.

'sujà Variant: 'sudà. det. that (distant); 'sul-ub v. put on a garment. From:
absolutive or oblique case, definite. Cebuano.

sujan-'sujan v. tease or mock s.o.

 150

'sulung v. attack. Syn: 'bukad. From: 'sungit v. feed s.t. into the mouth.
Cebuano.
sung'kayog v. brace s.t. to strengthen
'sumad n. anniversary. it.

'sumbag v. punch s.o. with fist. n. brace.

sinum'bagay v. box each other; have a 'sungkub n. kind of fish trap made of
fistfight. bamboo strips.

sum'bayoy n. neighbor. See main v. catch fish, or attempt to do so, by

entry: 'bayoy. means of a 'sungkub fish trap.

'sum-ok v. overreact to another's v. set a body of water with 'sungkub

actions by carrying that same action to a fish traps.
ridiculous extreme.
'sungsung v. go against the wind or
'sumong v. suffocate, esp. babies. current.

'sumpà1 n. beard; hair on chin. sung'yà v. make eye contact with

another; happen to look at s.o.; signal
'sumpà2 n. charm to counteract with the eyes.
witchcraft.
'sunù v. be next.
sum'paki v. disagree.
su'nud v. follow; imitate.
'sumpit n. blow-pipe, a kind of
weapon. sunu'danan n. example.

v. perform witchcraft; work sorcery insu'nud v. name s.o. after s.o. else.
against s.o. using a blow-dart.
sumu'sunud n. follower; heir.
'sundayu n. soldier. From: Cebuano
sundalu. 'supà n. bamboo container with a
fitting lid both made from a bamboo
'sundù1 v. sacrifice in order to appease internode. Syn: 'yokà.
a spirit.
'supak v. oppose.
'sundù2 v. go fetch s.o. from s.w.
masinu'pakon adj. disobedient.
'sundue v. follow. Usage: archaic.
'supas n. crackers; cookies. From:
'sungad n. snout of animals such as Cebuano.
pigs.
'supnit adj. rough, of a surface.
su'ngaengag v. rebel; oppose; disobey; Aff: ma-.
go against s.o.
'supsup v. suck s.t. out.
su'ngak See main entry: so'ngak.
 151

su'pu v. rebuke s.o. insultingly, n. letter.

roughly; insultingly make a statement
disagreeing with what s.o. else has just kasu'yatan n. documents.
said.
manu'nuyat n. writer.
'supu v. resemble s.o., esp. for a child
to resemble a parent. sinu'yat n. writings.

suru'on n. young coconut. su'yayak v. for a pig to grunt.

v. harvest young coconuts. su'yayong v. recognize s.o.

su'sù n. kind of edible freshwater snail. 'suyu n. fingernail; toenail.

su'ub v. for a spirit to possess s.o. su'yù See main entry: suè.

'suun n. relative; sibling. 'suyud n. comb like beater or reed used

to compress the weft thread in the loom.
kasu'unan n. relatives.
n. fine comb with teeth on both sides
v. be related. used to scratch out lice from the hair.

'suut v. squeeze into s.t. narrow. 'suyuk n. far corner; distant place.

su'wà n. kind of citrus tree that bears 'suyun v. for people to live together in
sour yellow fruit. one house; for birds to use the same
nest; for animals to lie together.
su'wag n. horn of an animal.

v. for animals with horns to fight with

each other. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~
su'wayak v. for a pig to squeal like ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
when it's caught and tied. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

su'woy v. part ways; go on another

route.

su'wajan n. junction.
T - t
ta pro. we; our; ergative case first
suyak-'suyak v. walk through tall
person plural or dual inclusive.
grass.
'taak v. walk through an open area
'suyam v. embroider cloth.
such as a grassy plain, farm with low
crops, or bare land.
sinu'yaman n. embroidered cloth.
ta'bà n. fat.
su'yambì n. house extension.
mata'bà adj. fat.
su'yat v. write.
 152

ta'baè See main entry: taba'yà. tabi'loy n. small shiny green lizard;
tree lizard.
ta'bagang n. rhinoceros beetle; kind of
insect with three horns that destroys tabi'yow n. coward.
coconut trees.
tabi'yuyu n. kind of freshwater fish
'tabak v. answer. about two inches in length.

tig'tabak n. one assigned to answer 'tabla n. sawed lumber. Syn: 'bahan.

questions. From: Cebuano.

tina'bakay v. argue. 'tablun n. squared log ready to be cut

into boards. From: Cebuano.
ta'baku n. tobacco.
ta'bog n. kind of tree that bears fruit
v. smoke. eaten by deer. Water can be collected
from the tree by punching a sharpened
ta'banak v. for rain to come down with stick into the trunk.
driving force.
'tabong v. be drugged or have
'tabang v. help. hallucinations from consuming s.t.

mana'nabang n. midwife. 'taboyan n. kind of high flying red

hornbill with a white neck.
katabang n. helper.
'tabug v. sink; drown.
hi'nabang n. aid for the needy.
ta'buhan n. large bee with a poisonous
matina'bangon adj. helpful; generous. sting, builds nests under logs or dried
leaves.
tina'bangan n. beneficiaries of aid.
tabu'kow v. have a kind of disease
'tab-ang adj. tasteless; fresh, of water characterised by large skin ulcers.
(not salty).
ta'bun n. kind of fish trap built beside
'tabas v. cut s.t. flat, esp. cloth. the riverbank with a trapdoor that falls
shut.
taba'yà Variant: ta'baè. n. spear used in
hunting and formerly in warfare. 'tabun1 n. kind of large bird like a
chicken that lays eggs in holes in
ta'bì v. gossip. decaying tree stumps.

ta'bì-tabì n. gossip. 'tabun2 n. eyelid.

ta'bidak n. camote soup. tabu'ngow v. cut off or shave all the

hair from the head.
v. cook camote soup.
tabun-'tabun n. kind of tree that bears
ta'bigi n. kind of tree that bears an seeds used for sealing containers.
aromatic pod used for storing incense.
 153

Mindanaense perkins. Seeds are also 'taebubung n. people living in the

used as an ingredient with raw fish. mountains. See: bu'bungan.

tabu'yug v. shave the head completely. 'taebugak n. kind of medicinal vine

with wide white leaves and a non-sticky
'tadas See main entry: 'tajas. white sap. Sap is used as a laxative.

'tadjow n. earthen water jar. 'taedigon n. brace or foundation of a

structure. See main entry: di'gon.
'tadò v. for s.o., esp. babies, to stand
independently. 'taegboy n. broadbill; kind of bird.
Eurylaimus spp.
'tadok v. stand a candle upright by first
dripping wax where it is going to be Taeg'busow Variant: Tag'busow. n.
placed. evil spirit; name of an evil spirit
reputedly the most vicious. Likes to
'tadong Variant: tu'yadong. v. behave drink blood. Causes people to do things
well. that will bring about bloodshed.

'tadtad v. chop or slice into small taegbu'sawan n. warrior (ba'gani)

pieces. possessed by an evil spirit
(taeg'busow). A taegbu'sawan has at
'tadu n. beeswax. least five to seven deaths to his credit,
and is recognized as a full fledged war
ta'dù v. for a spirit to care for plants. chief (ba'gani a'gayon or pa'nguyu)
Usage: archaic. through a ritual investiture (yug'natan).

tadu'dak See main entry: tadu'jak. 'taegkos Variant: 'tegkos. n. kind of

low flying hornbill, the male of which is
tadu'jak Variant: tadu'dak; taju'dak. v. gray and the female black. Syn: ta'liktik,
have an itchy, painful foot disease ti'lis.
where the skin peels and the toes are
covered in sores. Caused by stepping in 'taegsob v. guess.
mud, water, carabao urine.
'taekop n. kind of long, slender fish
'taduk v. walk through an area where trap used in a big river.
there are plants.
'taekoy Variant: 'takoy. n. water lily.
'tadung n. comb of birds such as
roosters. 'taengas n. locust. Syn: 'tangus.

ta'du-tadu n. ear wax. 'taengtang v. hang a length of bamboo

around a dog's neck to hinder free
'tadwoy v. hand, pass or give s.t. to s.o. movement.
who is out of reach of the thing.
n. length of bamboo tied around dog's
taè See main entry: ta'yà. neck to hinder free movement.

'tae-an v. for s.t. to be found. Aff: na-. taep v. feel overwhelmed by too many
things needing immediate attention.
 154

'taephag v. make a ritual animal ta'gahan n. kind of large black

sacrifice to a spirit where the animal is freshwater fish that looks like a shark
killed. Common ritual used in expiation, and has a long snout like a saw.
meditation, petition, cleansing of sin,
and before some activities are started tagai'nop Variant: tag-i'nop. v. dream.
such as rice planting, corn planting,
hunting, fishing, or any endeavor. It is ta'gak v. join abaca fiber end to end to
usually officiated by a priest ('baylan or make thread for weaving.
babay'lanon).
ta'gakan n. kind of small, round, short
Taep'hagan n. name of a benevolent basket woven from pandan leaves and
female spirit. used to contain a single coil of abaca
thread. Sand is placed with the thread to
'taepos v. hit s.o. or an animal with a prevent tangling.
rigid instrument such as a stick.
ta'gali Variant: ta'galhi. v. for s.o. to
'taetamong n. baby sitter. See main resemble s.t. or s.o. Belief is that if a
entry: 'tamong. conceiving woman continually looks at
s.t., the child she births will resemble
'tae-un adv. coincidentally. that thing.

tag- affix. each. ta'gama v. reserve or save s.t. for s.o.

or for future use. Syn: ta'limà.
ta'ga- affix. from; native place of
origin; occupation. taga'maja See main entry: taga'maju.

'taga v. notify. taga'maju Variant: taga'maja. n.

midget. Usage: archaic.
ka'taga v. know; be notified.
Taga'maling n. name of the female
pangin'taga v. verify; obtain spirit of agriculture.
information.
'tag-an v. predict the future.
Taga'bayow n. name of the female
spirit of love and marriage. manag-'anay n. prophet.

'tagad v. wait. ta'gaod adv. while.

ta'gadtad v. sound of chopping things v. while away time.

such as wood or meat. See main entry:
'tadtad. ta'gaslod v. hollow out a boat.

ta'gaemu n. amulet worn by pregnant taga-'taga interj. good! exclamation to

women. May be a piece of bark express contentment at s.t. bad that has
(ta'gaemu to a'mù), lizard eggshell happened to s.o., esp. an enemy.
(ta'gaemu to i'bid), or python fat
(ta'gaemu to bakosan). Believed to tagau'dà v. care for a baby.
ease delivery.
n. infant; baby; one's youngest child
which is still a baby. Always with a
 155

possessive, the possessor being the ta'gisi n. yellow-breasted fruit dove.

mother. Ptilinopus occipitalis.

ta'gauk v. for a cock to crow. tag-'iya n. owner.

takta'gauk n. cock-a-doodle-doo. 'tagkan n. kind of tree, the sap of

which is used as an adhesive.
ta'gaylu v. exchange work; for s.o. to Syn: sa'likot.
work one day with s.o. else and that
other person to work another day with 'tagkas v. cut down s.t. high with a few
the first person. See: 'baylu. strokes, such as banana leaves.

tag'banwa n. resident, esp. spirit. See 'tagkip n. sharpened piece of bamboo

main entry: 'banwa. which may be used as an arrowhead,
spearhead, or in a spear trap.
'tagbaw v. satisfy.
'tagkò v. make a notch in a tree by a
tag'bayoy n. owner of a house. See striking it with a bolo.
main entry: 'bayoy.
v. make a notch in the bark of a tree like
'tagbu v. meet. to'gop to collect sap.

Tag'busow See main entry: 'tagkos n. short piece of rope tied in a

Taeg'busow. loop used in climbing trees. Both feet
are placed inside the loop before
'tagdù v. for liquid to drip; for tears to climbing. The loop braces the feet
be shed. against the tree as one climbs.
See: ta'ligkus.
ti'nagdù n. drops of liquid.
'tagnà adv. start; begin to do s.t.
'taghom adj. fresh, refreshing, cool, of
drinking water. Aff: ma-. 'tagnok n. mosquito.

'taghuy v. whistle. 'tag-ob v. for a boat to be overloaded.

See: to'gob.
'tag-i n. kind of small hunting bolo.
ta'gok n. plant sap.
tagi'bayuy n. s.t. given as a retribution
for wrongdoing towards s.o; animal ta'goktok v. make a thudding sound.
given as a substitute body of the giver
for the giver's wrongdoing, usually 'tagon v. hold.
beaten or killed by the receiver. Animal
substitute is usually given to the family 'tagoy v. serve drinks, usually
of a killed person by the one who killed alcoholic.
the person, may be the result of a fight
between two people. 'tagpis adj. thin. Syn: 'nipis.

tag-i'nop See main entry: tagai'nop. 'tagpok v. stop bleeding.

'tagpos n. bow string.

 156

'tagsa adv. seldom. Aff: ma-. ta'haw n. nightjar; kind of bird that
flies in the evening. Caprimulgus,
tagsa-'tagsa n. each one. batrachostomus, and/or eurostopodus.

'tagù v. place s.t. inside a container. ta'hay adj. dry. Aff: ma-.

ta'gub n. sheath; scabbard. ta'hod n. spur of birds.

tagu'dae See main entry: tagu'daya. 'tahom v. expect s.t. to happen.

tagu'daya Variant: tagu'dae. n. ta'hop v. winnow.

baggage. See main entry: da'ya.
n. chaff.
'tagum n. indigo; kind of tree from
which black dye is extracted. Indigofera 'tahud v. respect.
suffruticosa.
matina'hudon adj. respectful.
tagun'daen Variant: tagun'dayan. n.
trail or path of wild animals. See main tala'hudon adj. respectable.
entry: 'dayan.
taja'buk v. drink in one shot; skull a
tagun'dayan See main entry: drink, usually alcoholic.
tagun'daen.
ta'jak n. testicles; scrotum.
ta'gungtung n. hardened lymph nodes.
'tajak v. expose s.t. to direct sunlight.
v. for s.o. to be afflicted with hardened
lymph nodes. ta'jakù n. kind of brown land snail
about three inches in diameter.
ta'gun-un v. dedicate a child to the
spirit Man'dae-it in a ceremony. ta'jangow n. kind of insect that sucks
the milk of rice grains when rice plants
'tagutad v. chop s.t. like meat or fish are in the milking stage.
into pieces. See: 'tadtad.
v. for rice plants to be attacked by this
tagu'yambung n. representation; s.t. or insect. Syn: tana'ngow.
s.o. that represents s.t. or s.o. else, esp.
objects that represent s.t. in the spirit 'tajas Variant: 'tadas. v. slit s.t. with
world. little effort needed.

ta'hà adj. shy. ta'jubù Variant: ta'yubù. n. kind of

edible fungi with a cap and stem that
v. hesitate to do s.t. because of a feeling grows on dead wood.
of inferiority.
taju'dak See main entry: tadu'jak.
'tahan Variant: 'daan. adj. old.
ta'ka v. get tired of s.t.; lose appetite
'tahap v. worry; doubt. for s.t.
 157

'taka v. toddle, of a baby learning to ta'kod2 n. kind of fragrant herb worn

walk. on the ritual belt (ba'gakis) of shamans.

taka'daw n. stilts for walking. tako'dog v. go uphill.

panaka'daw v. walk on stilts. ta'kom v. pole a boat upstream.

See: to'kon.
'takang v. walk a step.
ta'kombò n. kind of eight-stringed
n. step in walking. bamboo harp.

'takas v. stop doing s.t. ta'kos v. wear a bolo by tying the

sheath on a belt around one's waist.
'takbà adj. frank in speaking. Aff: ma-.
pana'kos v. for corn to reach the stage
'takdang v. stamp down one's foot. when ears begin to appear. So called
because the ears appear on the side like
'takhoy adj. dry and mealy-textured, of a bolo on the waist.
food such as yams, cassava and
potatoes. Aff: ma-. 'takoy See main entry: 'taekoy.

ta'kì n. kind of grassy weed which is 'taksi adj. fast. Aff: ma-.
difficult to remove.
'taksì v. strip the outer layer of abaca.
taki'ding v. for a person or animal to
show the side view; for a person or 'taktak v. shake out a powdery
animal to lay on the side. substance.

taki'dingan n. side of the body. ta'kù v. copulate.

'takig v. have malaria. ta'kup v. for s.o. to provide s.t. for s.o.
else.
'takmag v. bite like a dog.
'takyub n. cover of a container.
'takmey v. bite one's lower lip (not
until it bleeds) in a show of anger or v. cover a container. Syn: 'tak-ob. From:
because s.t. bad happened. Cebuano taklub.

tak'migid n. kind of rattan used for tak'yubu n. shell bracelet.

weaving and tying.
Tala'ingod n. name of an ethnic group.
'takmò v. bang the chin or mouth on
s.t. hard. 'talaw v. fear.

'tak-ob n. cover of a container. tala'wan n. coward.

ta'kod 1 v. suffer rheumatic pains in the From: Cebuano.

joints.
ta'lib n. body dirt.
 158

ta'lidong Variant: ta'lidung. n. altar; 'tal-is v. slice bamboo.

small open table on which offerings for
spirits such as betelnut and food are n. sliver of bamboo, often used as a
placed. utensil for forking or cutting food, for
cutting the umbilical cord, or for
ta'lidung See main entry: ta'lidong. circumcising.

ta'ligkus n. short piece of rope, vine or ta'lì-tì n. mildew on clothes.

rattan tied in a loop used in climbing
trees. Both feet are placed inside the 'Tamà n. name of a forest spirit said to
loop before climbing. The loop braces lead people to get lost in the forest.
the feet against the tree as one climbs.
See: 'tagkos. tamà-'tamà n. salted fish intestine.

tali'gobà n. clearing made from the 'tamay v. belittle; underestimate.

slash and burn method.
'tambabasi See main entry: 'timbabasi.
tali'han Variant: toli'han. n. crocodile
tooth worn as a charm. 'tambae n. medicine.

ta'lik v. copulate. v. treat an illness; apply medicine.

ta'liktik n. kind of low flying hornbill, mana'nambae n. doctor; healer.

the male of which is gray and the
female black. Syn: 'taegkos, ti'lis. tam'bajag v. offer s.t. especially
valuable to s.o., such as a job or land.
tali'kud v. turn the back towards s.o.
'tambak v. cover over s.t., esp. with
taliku'dan n. back. dirt.

ta'limà v. reserve or save s.t. for s.o. or 'tambang v. trap birds using a decoy
for future use. Syn: ta'gama. bird.

tali'moghat n. medicinal herbs; herbs tamba'ngungu n. kind of fresh water

given to avert relapse, esp. after fish.
childbirth. See main entry: 'boghat.
'tambilakà n. kind of edible freshwater
ta'linga n. ear. bivalve shell.

taling'hogot See main entry: tambina'san n. young agamid lizard.

taling'hugut.
'tambingaen n. kind of palm tree.
taling'hugut Variant: taling'hogot. v.
tie s.t. with a loop knot that is easy to tambinga'san n. female agamid lizard.
untie. See: 'hugut; ho'got.
n. young agamid lizard.
ta'lip n. peel or skin of certain fruits
and vegetables. tambinu'kawa n. kind of large spider
with a venomous bite that kills.
ta'lipan v. peel fruits or vegetables.
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'tambis n. kind of tree that bears small ta'miluk n. beeswax of the small 'kiwot
red or white bell shaped fruit; generic bee, resembling guava jelly in
name of similar trees and fruit. Eugenia consistency.
aquea.
ta'ming n. circular shield. See: 'kaesag.
'tambod v. wind a rope around s.t.
'tam-is adj. sweet.
tam'bodan n. place around which rope
is wound. ta'mod v. obey, take or keep words.

tinam'bodan n. warrior with the third tamo'ing Variant: tomo'ing. n. yellow

lowest rank. Refers to a man who has honey bee with honeycombs inside tree
killed five to seven people. See main hollows.
entry: ba'gani.
ta'mong v. babysit.
tambo'gasan n. freshwater halfbeak;
kind of small fish with a long lower jaw 'tamong adj. teats in line with the
that swims near the surface. navel, of a hunting dog. Sign that the
Dermogenys pusillus. dog is not a good hunting dog.

'tambon n. dam. Syn: 'opon. tamò-'tamò adj. pretty; pleasing to look

at.
tambu'buan n. large wasp with earthen
nests underground or on walls or trees. 'tampà v. beat the drum with one hand,
with the other hand beating the drum
tambu'bulig n. medium sized green with a stick.
wasp that bores holes in sandy ground.
'tampisow v. stamp the feet in shallow
tam'bubung n. rice granary. water.

tambu'buyog n. large black wasp with 'tampod v. sever; cut off a part of s.t.
nests in the ground.
tam'pudà n. peace pact between two
tambu'kawa Variant: manambu'kawa. parties.
n. large spider which carries a white
nest on the thorax. manam'pudà n. person who acts as a
go between for feuding parties.
tam'buli n. musical horn made out of
an animal horn, a large shell or a 'tampus n. end of s.t.
bamboo internode.
v. come to the end of s.t. long; finish;
'tambung v. attend an activity or complete.
meeting.
tam'pusù adv. make s.t. (usu. by
tam'buwà n. splash; heavy sound of s.t. embroidery) with a diamond pattern.
falling into water.
tinam'pusù adj. diamond patterned, of
'tamì n. sugarcane syrup. embroidery, beadwork, and tattoos.
See: 'pusù.
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'tamsi n. titmouse, sunbird or 'tangag v. elope.

hummingbird; kind of small dark green
bird with a yellow breast which sucks 'tang-ey v. for s.t. long to lay crosswise
nectar. Parus, or Anthreptes, nectarinia, on another; for the end of s.t. long to lay
and/or aethopyga. Builds a hanging crosswise on another.
nest.
'tanggà n. notch in a log or tree used
'tamuk v. catch s.t. that is falling or for climbing; rung of a ladder; step of a
that has been thrown. stairway.

'tamusow v. play in water with hands v. notch s.t. to assist climbing.

or feet.
'tanggung v. carry s.t. hung on a pole
'tanà n. scaffolding used in with people on both ends of the pole.
constructing large buildings.
ta'ngili n. kind of softwood tree. Wood
v. build scaffolding. often used for carving.

'tanak v. drop or lose s.t. 'tangkae n. portable cage for a pig, dog
or chicken.
'tanam adv. always; frequently.
tang'kagà n. sandpiper; kind of bird.
'tan-anan See main entry: 'taon. Numenius limosa, tringa, xenus, and/or
arenaria.
tana'ngow n. kind of insect that sucks
the milk of rice grains when rice plants 'tangkap v. spread over a large area.
are in the milking stage. Similar to the
kusi'sang. Can give off a bad odor. tang'kawae adj. long legged. Aff: ma-.

v. for rice plants to be attacked by this tang'koag adj. long necked.

insect. Syn: ta'jangow.
'tangkoy n. handle of a ladle.
tan'dawan n. window.
'tangkù v. gore s.t. Syn: 'tingkù.
'tandì v. compare; contrast.
'tangkug v. disturb, touch, shake or
'tandò v. agree or give consent to s.t., move s.t. Idiom: 'tangkug to gin'hawa
esp. marriage. ‘be moved emotionally’.

'tandow v. stand and look from a high 'tangkung n. vegetable sp. Ipomoea
place or window. aquatica.

'tandoy v. place s.t. long and narrow on 'tangob v. bury a body under the house
or across s.t. else long and narrow, such because of love for the dead one.
as a leg across s.o. else's leg.
'tangon v. for s.t. like a spear to be
'tandung n. crest feathers on a bird's embedded or stuck in the flesh.
head.
'tangow n. venom.
'tangà v. carry s.t. in the mouth.
 161

n. tusk-like appendage from the 'taon v. set up a trap, bait a hook, etc.
abdomen of the 'yaposung snake, said
to be poisonous. tao'nanan Variant: 'tan-anan. n. place
where a trap is usually set.
'tang-ow v. light; illuminate.
'tapa n. dried meat.
pa'nang-ow v. catch fish at night with a
light. ta'pajà v. hold s.t. up with the palms
facing upward.
'tangtang1 n. lime container, part of
betelnut chewing equipment. 'tapak1 v. patch up a hole. From:
Cebuano.
'tangtang2 v. remove; disengage.
'tapak2 v. be stuck in s.t. such as mud.
ta'ngu n. tusk; fang; canine teeth.
ta'pat adv. should have done s.t.
'tangus n. locust. Syn: 'taengas.
'tape n. sugarcane wine.
'tanlus v. step on a thorn or nail that
does not remain in the foot. 'taphun v. for a bird to perch or roost.

'tanob v. stay out late. Aff: pa-. tapi'an n. arrow with metal arrowhead.
Usage: archaic.
'tapid v. arrange.
ma'tanob late at night. Usage: archaic.
ta'pik v. include.
ta'nok v. boil and dry newly harvested
unhusked rice. Usually done in the rainy ta'pilak n. centipede.
season. Reason is so that grains will not
be broken when pounded for husking. ta'ping n. dirt on the face.

ta'nom n. plant. v. have dirt on the face.

v. plant s.t. ta'pingi n. cheek; dimple.

ta'tanom n. seed, seedling, cutting for 'taplì v. fasten s.t. to a surface; in grass
planting. weaving, to fold back the loose end and
fasten into the weaves.
'tamnanan n. cultivated field.
ta'podì n. kind of insect like a
ta'now Variant: taw. pro. we; us; our; grasshopper with a pointed head.
ergative case first person group or plural
inclusive. 'tapoy n. mixture of ingredients used to
ferment wine. Ingredients: rice flour,
'tanud v. miss s.o. ginger and sometimes sugar cane juice.

'tanug n. sound. v. make this wine mixture.

mata'nug adj. loud. 'Tapugak n. name of a mythical

woman.
 162

ta'pun v. for s.o. to infect another with taw See main entry: ta'now.
a disease or sickness.
'tawad v. lose hope; be discouraged.
'tap-ung v. pile s.t. up.
ta'wae v. for a healer to blow on a sick
'tapus v. end. person after chewing herbs to promote
healing.
kata'pusan n. end.
'tawag v. call s.o. or spirits.
'tapus n. feast offering for the dead.
Participants partake of this feast to cut 'tawagon n. generic term for spirits.
off relationship with the dead person. At
the end of this feast, a winnowing 'taw-ang v. open a space in a solid
basket is filled with the favorite food of area, such as when clouds part and one
the deceased and carried into the center can see the sun.
of the house of the deceased by those
who carried the coffin. Others will be ta'was v. for a young man to serve or
standing aside. At a signal, the tray is help the parents of the girl he wants to
tossed upwards and the carriers rush marry.
aside for fear that the food might touch
them. The belief is that if that food ta'woy n. end or extremity of a
touches them, bad fortune would come physical or geographical object.
upon them.
taw'tanoy n. scarecrow placed in a
'tarong adj. upright; well behaved. field to scare away birds; figurehead
who is supposed to represent authority
kata'rongan n. reason; verbal defense. but in reality does not hold any
authority or power.
'tasa n. cup.
ta'yà Variant: taè. v. meet or find s.t. or
ta'sì v. be weak or thin from lack of s.o. accidentally.
nourishing food.
'tayà v. traverse or pass through an
'tastas v. cut a cord suspending s.t. by open area such as a field.
hacking it with knife.
tayà-'tayà v. walk mindlessly.
ta'sù v. for the handle of a bolo to
loosen. 'tayam v. walk or talk in one's sleep.

'tatanang v. for a wound to ooze fluid. 'tayhup v. for a healer to blow on a

sick person after chewing herbs to
tato'yu n. number three. See main promote healing.
entry: 'toyu.
'tayod v. be late.
'taud v. engage; fasten; set.
ma'tayod adj. late in the night; long
ta'up v. clap hands. time, of holding the breath or staying
underwater.
tau-ta'u n. pupil of the eye.
 163

'tayom v. for the sun or the world to 'tenohù See main entry: 'tenahù.
darken as when clouds block the sun.
'teon v. postpone a journey.
'tay-ow v. for hunting dogs to continue
barking at a game animal after it has 'teru v. shoot. From: Cebuano tiru.
stopped running.
'tesik n. grasshopper.
ta'yoytoy1 adj. fluent or articulate in
speaking. Aff: ma-. 'teson v. warn a loved one about doing
s.t.
ta'yoytoy2 n. mountain range.
'tetaka n. kind of magical drug which
tay'tajan n. bridge. See main entry: causes a person to lose interest or love
'toytoy. for another. See main entry: ta'ka.

ta'yù v. touch s.t. or s.o. cute or pretty 'tiang v. carry s.t. on the shoulder.
because of admiration.
'tias v. wipe anus after defecating.
ta'yubang Variant: 'tebang. n.
headscarf worn by men. n. thing used to wipe the anus after
defecating.
ta'yubù See main entry: ta'jubù.
ti'bag v. split lengthwise as bamboo, or
'tayun v. for s.t. sharp to be embedded into halves as coconuts; break s.t. into
in the skin or flesh, such as a thorn, pieces such as rock.
splinter, spear or arrow.
'tibi v. for a person or object to be at
'tebaktin n. section of durian seeds (not the edge of a steep drop-off.
a section of husk). Looks like a set of
piglets in the uterus. See: 'baktin. tibi-'tibi adj. easily moved to tears, of a
person.
'tebang See main entry: ta'yubang.
ti'bò adj. all.
'tebatu v. weight s.t. down underwater.
'tibow v. check traps.
'tebù n. kind of edible fungi, whitish
with a cap shaped like an inside-out ti'bug v. for s.t. to be whole, such as
umbrella, that grows on dead wood. fruit; for a baby to be born, esp. if the
mother has had a history of miscarriage;
'tedtod v. cut off excess from a block do s.t. without interruption.
of wood before carving it.
tibu'uk adj. whole.
'tegkos See main entry: 'taegkos.
n. chunk of s.t.
'tegpatoy v. stand vigil or participate in
a wake for a recently deceased person. ti'buyus adv. completely;
wholeheartedly.
'tenahù Variant: 'tenohù. adv. for s.t. to
completely unexpectedly happen. 'tidang v. pierce an earlobe.
 164

'tidlong v. put s.t. in mind. 'tigpok v. stop bleeding.

ma'tidlong adj. keen-minded. 'tigpù v. cut sugar cane.

'tidow v. reach s.t.; arrive s.w. 'tigtig v. use a small instrument to beat
and flatten metal, esp. gold and copper.
'tidung n. "tailed-men" who once Idiom: tig'tigan to 'ngipon ‘beat the
invaded the Agusan river valley. Also teeth’. Threat made to children when
known as i'kugan. they are naughty.

tig- affix. time or season when an 'tiig adj. squeamish, cannot stand dirty
event usually occurs. things. Aff: ma-.

'tiga n. kind of hardwood tree that 'tiing v. pour water from a bamboo
grows in swampy places. Good for tube.
building materials.
'tikang adj. tall; high. Aff: ma-.
ti'gajun v. prosper. From: Cebuano
tigayun. 'tikas v. finish an activity.

tig'babow v. for things such as truth, 'tikdow v. for rain to stop.

negative aspects of character and bad
deeds to be revealed or come out into 'tikhon v. step on s.t.
the open. See main entry: ba'bow.
ti'nikhonan n. foot prints.
'tigbaè adv. very.
ti'kì n. house lizard.
'tigbak adv. buy s.t. completely; pay
s.t. in a lump sum; collect a large 'tikin v. leave a place.
quantity of some commodity.
ti'kò n. kind of insect that bounces by
'tigbas v. hack, cut or slash with striking its head on the ground.
swinging movements and a sharp edged
instrument. ti'kod n. heel of the foot.

'tigbow n. kind of plant which grows 'tikog n. reedy grass. Fimbristylis

along riverbanks which looks like globulosa. Syn: ana'hiwan. Used for
sugarcane. weaving mats, bags and hats.

'tigdà adj. seriously ill. Aff: ma-. 'tikos n. calf band; decorative band of
beads or woven vine worn by men just
'tigdù adj. accurate, of marksmanship below the knee.
or speaking to the point. Aff: ma-.
v. for bees to store pollen or nectar in
'tigom n. riddle. leg sacs.

'tigpod adv. carefully or steadily, of 'tikosan n. kind of edible fungi with a

riding water craft so that one does not cap and stem that grows on dead wood.
capsize, or of speaking, so that one will Considered more tasty than ta'jubù.
not hurt s.o. else.
 165

'tikwil n. foreskin of the penis. ti'mayà v. foretell the future.

'tikyad v. slash with a bolo, esp. to kill. pani'mayà v. for a shaman to conduct a
ceremony to foretell the future.
ma'nikyad n. warrior with the second
lowest rank. Refers to a man who has ti'mayà to mama'on betelnut omen
killed three or four people. See main used in foretelling the future. Shaman
entry: ba'gani. offers betelnut to the tutelary spirit in
return for information about s.o.'s
'tikyas n. rash caused by a fever. future.

ti'lad v. split s.t. open with a bolo, esp. ti'mayà gi'namit to ta'baè spear omen
betelnut. used in foretelling the future. Shaman
commands his spear to increase or
ti'lan-ang v. for rain to stop. decrease in length in response to yes/no
questions about s.o.'s future, esp.
'tilap v. lick up s.t. concerning the success of intended war
expeditions
ti'là-ta v. for rain to let up.
ti'mayà to 'atoyug egg omen used in
ti'lauk n. windpipe. foretelling the future. Shaman offers
eggs to the tutelary spirit in return for
ti'lis n. kind of low flying hornbill, the information about s.o.'s future.
male of which is gray and the female
black. Syn: 'taegkos, ta'liktik. ti'mayà to 'agipu burnt firewood omen
used in foretelling the future. Same as
tili-'tili v. for rain to fall lightly. the swing omen (pa'najug). Used esp.
to find out about the return of s.o. who
'tilon v. keep still. has travelled away.

ma'tilon adj. permanently live in one ti'mayà to 'puthow metal omen used in
place. foretelling the future. Same as the swing
omen (pa'najug).
'tilud v. get every bit of s.t., such as
grains of rice on a mat or fruit on the 'timbabasi Variant: 'tambabasi. n. kind
ground. of watery plant used medicinally.

'tilujud v. go together as a group to a 'timbae Variant: 'timbaya. v. tempt.

place for a purpose.
'timbag v. throw s.t. with one hand.
'tiluk adv. be unwilling to do s.t.
because of some reason; fuss about 'timbang v. weigh.
some physical discomfort.
n. weight.
ti'lukan v. make s.o. unwilling to do
s.t. timba'ngan n. weighing scale.

ma'tiluk of a person who is unwilling 'timbaya See main entry: 'timbae.

to do s.t.; of a person who is quick to
complain about discomfort.
 166

'Tim-ow n. name of a spirit who lives 'tinduk n. kind of large cooking banana
under the ground. about a foot long. Musa paradisiaca var.
magna.
'timpla v. season food; mix ingredients
in certain proportions. Syn: pana'kotan. ting- affix. season or time an event
From: Cebuano. regularly occurs.

'timpug v. cut off the end or tail of s.t., ti'nga n. food stuck between teeth.
such as camote, papaya, or a dog's tail.
'ting-ae v. for a dog to whimper.
'timpuk v. cut off the end of s.t., such
as camote or papaya. ti'ngaya v. be surprised.

'timtim v. taste (usually s.t. liquid). tingga'gabow n. middle finger.

Syn: ting'kaebow, ki'naebow.
ti'mù n. grain of cooked food; little bit Usage: Adgawan dialect.
of food.
ting'gasow n. kind of small orange
v. eat just a little. colored ant.

ti'musug n. brass bracelet or anklet. n. kind of small black biting ant which
carries away newly planted rice.
tiN- affix. expose; affix which refers to See: ha'kut.
intentional exposure to s.t. harmful.
'tingkae n. top shaped spindle for
'tinà v. dye. spinning thread.

ti'nà n. dye. v. spin thread.

ti'naeng n. comb of a rooster. ti'ningkae n. homespun thread.

'tinag- affix. each; numeral affix ting'kaebow n. middle finger.

meaning each one will have X, where X Syn: ki'naebow, tingga'gabow.
is the numeral affixed.
'tingkù v. gore s.t. Syn: 'tangkù.
ti'nagsa Variant: tinag'-isa. adv. one by
one. 'tingog n. voice; sound.

tina'linga v. cook 'baay tubers by 'ting-ow adj. clear, of a liquid (also of

slicing and boiling them. This method glass and the sky).
of cooking only applies to 'baay tubers
as they look like ears after cooking. ti'nguhà n. desire. From: Cebuano.
See: 'baay. See main entry: ta'linga.
tini'dur n. fork. From: Spanish.
tin'dahan n. store. Syn: baligja'anan.
From: Cebuano. tino'i n. intestine.

'tindog v. stand. 'tinok n. corn or rice flour left over

from milling.
 167

tinokak n. tarsier; species of monkey. 'tipwak v. for rice to splash out of a

Syn: a'mag. Nest is either in tree or mortar when pounded.
ground. Jumps like a monkey. Eyes like
a cat. Ears like a human. An animal 'tisà n. fired clay.
with big eyes. Form is like a monkey.
People say it eats charcoal and when it 'tisis n. tuberculosis. From: Cebuano.
walks, will not walk forward.
'tì-tì v. drain or consume s.t. to the last
ti'nood adj. true. bit.

tinino'od adj. sincere. 'titik1 n. corn or rice flour left over

from milling.
'tintal v. tempt. From: Cebuano.
'titik2 v. quiver or tremble with
tinu'hanan adv. ignorantly. emotion or under the influence of
See: tinu'hani. spirits.

tinu'hani adj. ignorant; of a person ti'tilan n. flint and steel used to start a
having no knowledge about s.t. fire.
See: tinu'hanan.
tiwa'kas v. for a group of people to
ti'ow v. for s.o., usually elderly, to disperse and go home.
behave strangely or obsessively perform
some activity that was part of their 'tiwis v. drain liquid out of s.t.
younger life. Sometimes, this behaviour
is said to be caused by the soul of a pa'tiwis v. drain s.t. of liquid.
dead family member. One reason is that
the person with strange behaviour did 'tiwoy v. move a short distance away.
not behave correctly towards a person in
the household who is now dead, when ti'yahù v. cry.
that person was still alive.
ti'yog n. earthquake.
tipa'ka n. unhusked rice.
ti'yuk v. skewer food for roasting with
'tipdas n. measles. a stick; thread pieces of meat or fish
together with a strip of rattan for
'tipjung v. gather s.t. on a mat or sheet carrying.
into a neat pile by lifting the edges of
the mat. n. skewer for roasting; piece of rattan
used to thread pieces of meat or fish
'tipsoy adj. full-grained, of rice. together.
Aff: ma-.
to det. a; of; indefinite non-specific
'tipù v. extract s.t. solid from s.t. determiner.
larger, as teeth or horns; shell corn; pick
s.t., as fruit; pluck out a tooth or kernel 'toak v. sing louder.
of corn.
to'bà1 n. palm wine; palm juice or sap
tipu'sù n. ear of corn. produced by the bud of palms such as
the coconut or cabonegro.
 168

'tobaon adj. reddish color, of a cock. v. curse s.o. so that he or she dies
suddenly.
to'bà2 v. harvest bananas by cutting
down the tree. 'togkad v. measure the depth of s.t.
such as water or a hole.
to'bas v. for a fruiting season to be
over. v. test or feel out s.o.'s thoughts.

to'bey v. be constipated. tog'koling See main entry: 'tugkoling.

v. for plants to be choked by weeds. 'tognà v. cook rice to its regular

consistency.
'tobok v. fight with spear and shield.
to'gob v. be full of s.t.; for a boat to be
'tobong v. speak indirectly by fully loaded. See: 'tag-ob.
addressing another person.
togon-'togon adv. shortly; frequently;
'tobtob v. chew root of 'tubli plant in after a while.
attempt to commit suicide.
to'gop n. kind of tree whose sticky sap
to'bu n. sugar cane. (puet) is used for catching wild birds.

'tod-om v. sing a native song. 'togpa See main entry: 'tugpa.

n. native song. Style of singing with 'togsad v. reach the bottom of a river
abrupt phrases and long slurs covering or hole with a long object held at one
as much as an octave. end.

to'dos v. crush lice with the thumbnail. 'togsob See main entry: 'tugsob.

todo-'todo v. divide s.t. and distribute to'hì v. sew.

it.
to'hob v. saturate with a liquid, usually
to'dung v. shade oneself from sun or of cloth.
rain with s.t. portable.
'tohon v. remain, of resources or
'todung n. s.t. portable used as a shade people not staying put (used only with
in the outdoors. negative).

'togbang v. travel from a remote place to'kab v. for a fish to come to the
to a less remote place; go downhill; go surface of the water in order to gulp air.
to the river; go to town.
'toknob v. dip s.t. briefly in a liquid.
'togbok v. prick or pierce s.t. with a
small, sharp, pointed object. to'kod v. guess or answer a riddle;
guess a puzzle, such as the identity of
'togdan n. handle or shaft of a spear. s.o. covering one's eyes while standing
behind one.
'toghaw v. die suddenly.
to'kon v. pole a boat.
 169

n. bamboo pole used in moving a boat. 'tongak v. break the neck of a fish.
See: ta'kom.
'tonggak v. raise one's head from a
to'kow v. surprise s.o. bowed position, esp. to look at s.t.

'toktok v. chop or cut s.t. such as wood to'ngod conj. because.

by hacking it relatively slowly.
mahi'tongod; maha'tongod conj.
toli'han See main entry: tali'han. because of; about.

to'ling v. disturb s.o. by constantly pahino'ngod v. do s.t. in honor of s.o.

touching the person. else.

to'longgon n. generic term for a to'ngog n. certain ingredient used in

musical instrument. making tuba which comes either in its
original form as bark of a certain
to'lò-tolò adv. speak haltingly or with a mangrove tree or ground bark.
stammer. Aff: ka-, na-.
to'ngop adv. take or do enough for
'tombu v. for the top segment of a tree one's needs, not in excess.
to topple over due to natural causes.
to'ngos v. wrap s.t. up tightly as for
to'mog v. fuel a fire; add firewood to a cooking or carrying.
fire.
to'nong v. stare blankly in stunned
to'tomog n. fuel for a fire (wood, immobilized silence usually due to
charcoal, etc.). shock.

tomo'ing See main entry: tamo'ing. to'od v. realize (a plan); for an event or
plan to materialize.
'tompag v. for the bank of a river to
crumble into the river; for a landslide to 'topad v. for s.t. or s.o. to be located
occur; for a hill or mountain to be aligned with s.t. or s.o. else; side by
levelled. side; just in front; just behind; just
below; just above.
'tompid v. for people or plants to be
positioned next to each other. topa-'topa v. vacilitate; have difficulty
choosing between alternatives.
'tomsan n. coconut seedling, not yet
planted. to'pong v. measure length, weight, and
quantity of mass nouns.
'tondag v. for a boat to sink. From:
Cebuano tundag. 'topong v. be the same length or
height.
'tondok v. guess the location or origin
of s.t. or s.o., esp. such as a sound or to'pos v. chew s.t. such as sugarcane.
smell, without going there.
'totey v. for water to stop rising or
to'ngà n. half of s.t.; middle of s.t. recede.
 170

'totod v. spin. 'tuba n. croton; kind of small tree

which bears fruit used as a fish poison.
mato'tod adj. spinning.
v. poison fish using 'tuba. Croton
to'tok v. train an animal to get used to tiglium.
and follow one around.
tu'bad v. invoke a spell on s.o.;
'to-ue v. for a dog to howl. perform magic to cause s.t., such as rain
or disease, to occur or disappear; pray to
'towe adj. foolish, of a person God or the spirits to do s.t.; ask for s.t.
considered lacking common sense. supernatural to happen. Aff: paN-.
Usage: derogatory.
tuba-'tuba n. kind of medicinal shrub.
to'yak n. pharynx. Jatropha curcas. Leaves used for
poultice, seeds dried and burned for
'toyos n. semen. light, bark and cambium layer used a
medicinal rub.
'toytoy v. walk across s.t. long, narrow
and raised (bridge, mountain ridge). 'tubli n. kind of plant whose roots are
used as fish poison.
pa'noytoy v. walk across a bridge.
v. poison fish with 'tubli roots.
tay'tajan n. bridge.
'tubod n. young shoot or growing part
'toyu n. number three, used in of a plant, esp. palm trees.
counting.
'tubtub1 make a knocking noise such as
to'yuk v. dry s.t., esp. food, over a fire; by knocking on a hollow tree or a
store dried meat over a firetable. buttress root.

to'yung v. for s.t. to shade plants. 'tubtub2 n. kind of spotted gray bird
found in swampy areas. Makes a cry
tra'bahu v. work. Syn: 'hinang. From: that sounds like knocking on a hollow
Spanish. tree.

'trumpu n. kind of toy top made 'tubù v. grow.

without a nail.
tu'bud n. spring of water.
'trusu n. log. Syn: 'batang. From:
Cebuano. tu'bug v. for birds to peck at food; for
fish to nibble or bite at bait on a hook.
'tuad v. for s.t. which stands upright to
topple or fall over. 'tubung v. feed animals, esp. birds.

tu'adon n. kind of large white camote. 'tubuy v. nominate s.o. From:

Cebuano.
'tuang v. tilt bamboo water container to
pour out liquid. tu'dà v. pierce food, esp. camote, with
a skewer to test for doneness.
 171

n. skewer, usually bamboo, used to test v. erect a post.

food for doneness.
'tugdoy adv. normal, esp. for spirits to
tu'dak v. plant seeds by dropping them do s.t.
into holes made in the ground, esp. in
planting corn. adv. proper; behave in a manner
considered improper.
tu'dì v. touch s.t. with one finger.
v. for spirits to grant or give s.t.
v. plant or transplant small seedlings by
making a hole with the finger. v. behave in a manner considered
wronging s.o.
'tudlì v. avenge s.o.'s death; take
revenge for s.o.'s death. 'tugkoling Variant: tog'koling. n.
coleto; kind of small black bird with
ka'tudlian n. vengeance or feud white skin on the head and a cry like a
between two parties. May extend ringing bicycle bell.
through generations.
'tugpa Variant: 'togpa. v. land or alight,
'tudlù Variant: 'tudyù. n. finger. as a bird or aircraft.

v. point; teach. From: Cebuano. tugpa'hanan n. airfield.

'tudtud adv. sleep soundly. 'tugpù v. for a person to use hunting

dogs to chase and find a wounded
'tudyù Variant: 'tudlù. n. finger, animal.
especially index finger; toe.
'tugsak v. hit s.t. high above with a
v. point. pole, as in harvesting fruit from a tree;
use a spear to thrust at the floor of a
tued See main entry: tu'yud. dwelling while standing beneath the
floor.
'tuegtueg n. young agamid lizard. Can
run across the surface of water. n. pole used to harvest fruit from tall
trees.
tu'gais n. kind of snake that commonly
eats eggs whole. 'tugsik See main entry: 'tugsip.

tu'gak n. kind of brown heron with 'tugsip Variant: 'tugsik. n. kind of

long legs, a long neck and a long beak bedbug.
that is found in swampy areas.
v. be infested with bedbugs.
'tug-an v. reveal s.t. verbally. From:
Cebuano. 'tugsob Variant: 'togsob. v. for s.t.
pointed to pierce or prick into a soft
'tugdà n. shoot of cogon grass. Used as surface.
an aid in teething.
'tugtug v. knock s.t. in order to crack it.
'tugdok n. post.
 172

tu'gu adj. beautiful, of a woman or pretending that it happened. Aff: na--an,

child. Aff: ma-. ka--an.

'tugu v. for s.t. to take effect, such as 'tukà n. beak.

medicine or poison; for crops planted to
grow well. v. peck.

'tugun n. message. tu'kabang n. kind of camote with a red

skin and white inside.
v. send a message to s.o.
tu'kag v. hit s.t. high above with a pole,
panugun-'tugun v. for a dying person as in harvesting fruit from a tree.
to convey their last words.
n. pole used to harvest fruit from tall
'tugut v. permit s.o. to do s.t.; release. trees. Syn: 'yugsak.

'tugwad v. for a person to fall into the 'tukdang v. steer a boat using a pole.
water from a standing position on a
water craft, usually from lack of 'tukdu v. brace up s.t. in danger of
balance. falling down, esp. a house.

'tugwak v. puncture a hole in n. s.t. used as a brace.

something so that it penetrates to the
other side; for s.t. to spring a leak; for 'tukhow v. be happy; be delighted;
s.t. to have a hole in it such that its rejoice.
contents leak out or s.t. outside leaks in.
tu'kibong n. pit trap.
tu'hiy v. remove a thorn or splinter
using a pointed instrument. 'tukmu n. kind of brown turtledove.
Streptopelia bitorquata.
'tuhug v. skewer. From: Cebuano.
'tukoy v. raise s.t. above the head.
'tuig n. year.
'tuktuk1 n. forehead.
'tujang v. act freely, without restraint.
Aff: pa-. 'tuktuk2 v. knock; for birds to peck.

'tujuk v. lead an animal by rope; lead a tu'kù n. kind of lizard larger than the
person like an animal. house lizard.

'tujun1 v. for s.t. animate to not move 'tukud v. push a boat away from the
or to stay still even when expected to bank or s.t. similar with a pole.
move. Aff: pa-. Aff: paN-.

v. allow dogs to eat a killed animal 'tukyuy v. stop a while to get s.t. or s.o.
before removing the carcass. while travelling.

'tujun2 adv. for s.t. to really happen to v. wash down dry food in the throat
one, esp. if one has been playing at or with liquid.
 173

tu'lay n. bridge. Syn: tay'tajan. From: 'tumbak n. kind of hunting spear with a
Cebuano. short spearhead and stout shaft used
esp. for hunting pigs.
'tulì v. circumcise.
tum'bilang v. sit cross legged.
'tul-id v. fix; straighten.
'tumbù v. for clouds to build up.
ma'tul-id adj. straight.
tu'mina v. offer s.o. to a spirit or
'tulin1 v. grow. person.

'tulin2 adj. fast. Aff: ma-. 'tum-od v. pucker one's lips downward
to drink or to bite.
tu'liog v. catch s.t. or s.o. with a noose
or lasso. 'tumpì v. mold food into lumps.

'tulipas v. for s.t. to swerve, such as a tu'muy n. tip; end; top.

bolo bouncing of the surface it was
intended to cut, or as a piece of rattan 'tunà v. wallow.
splitting unevenly when it was supposed
to be split into equal sections. 'tundug v. eat.

tuli'pig v. for bananas to be nearly tu'nga v. surface from under water to

empty, having little or no content. breath.

tu'lisok v. press s.t. into a small n. s.t. sticking out from a surface of
opening or stick it in where no hole water such as a stick or rock.
exists.
tu'ngag n. tooth cavity.
v. poke s.o. in the eye with a finger.
v. get a cavity in one's tooth.
'tuma n. body louse.
tu'ngagon adj. having tooth cavities.
'tuman v. obey instructions; comply See: atu'ngag.
with; carry out obligation.
tu'ngajow v. utter a curse on s.o.; wish
'tumanon n. obligation. for s.o.'s destruction or misfortune.

matinu'manon adj. obedient. n. curse.

tu'mangì n. first born piglet in a litter. 'tunggang n. tuba extracted from the
Ant: gi'pis, Syn: tu'manod. fishtail palm. Extracted by first
chopping down the tree; next cutting off
tu'manod n. biggest piglet in a litter. all the leaves and removing some of the
Ant: gi'pis, Syn: tu'mangì. sheath; finally cutting the end of the
growing tip and collecting the tuba
tu'mawan n. good hunting dog (may which flows from the cut tip.
perhaps be extended to animals which
are good hunters). tung'kakù v. for a hornbills to cry.
 174

n. cry of hornbills. 'tutue v. search for or trace one's

relatives.
'tungkuk v. hit s.o. on the head with
s.t.; bump the head on s.t. 'tutung v. burn.

tungo'nu n. dead tree still standing tu'tuu adj. true.

with no branches.
tu'tuy n. clitoris.
tu'ngow n. kind of very small red mite
that sucks blood. Attacks armpits, 'tuu v. believe.
groins and nipples and causes itchiness
and swelling. pag'tuu n. faith.

v. be attacked by these red mites. matuu'tuuhon adj. believing.

pang'hinungow v. remove these red 'tuud1 n. purpose; intention; objective.

mites from the body.
adv. purposely.
'maetungow adj. very tiny.
'tuud2 adj. true. Aff: ma-.
'tungue n. stomach of a person or
animal, not birds. 'tuun v. for people to get married.

'tunow v. melt. 'tuus v. leave behind.

'tuntu v. deceive, cheat or fool s.o. tu'wad v. bend the body forward so
that the rump is higher than the head.
manun'tuhay n. deceiver.
tu'wa-tuwa n. mountain peak.
ti'nuntu n. foolishness.
tu'ya v. boil viand.
'tuntun v. lower s.t. by means of a
rope. tu'yadong adj. well behaved. Aff: ma-.
Usage: archaic. See: 'tadong.
'tunù v. for soil to erode.
'tuyag v. stir s.t. cooking in a pot.
'tunud n. arrow to be shot from a bow.
'tuyan adv. exactly.
tu'od n. stump of a tree.
'tuyas v. feel sore in the mouth from
'tuoy v. stand or walk without holding eating sour fruit, esp. pineapple.
onto anythings, esp. on a bridge.
'tuyon v. stay close to one's work, esp.
tu'sak v. mix chopped camote cubes on a farm.
with rice before cooking.
tu'yud Variant: tued. v. push.
'tutud v. aim a projectile weapon at a
target. 'tuyuy v. pick up or take s.t. easily
accessible along the way.
 175

v. be carried along with a current or ubus-'ubus n. kind of black ant usually

crowd. seen with wings at the beginning of the
rainy season.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~ 'ubya adv. frequently.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'udabang See main entry: a'jobang.

'udak adj. much; many; plenty.

U - u Aff: ma-.

u'bag part. diminutive particle. v. feel like one has an abundance of s.t.
so that he wastes, scatters, or gives it
eh 'ubag exclamation of appreciation away.
of success made by s.o. small.
'udamà See main entry: 'odomà.
'uban n. gray or white hair.
'udan v. rain.
'ubi n. yam; kind of root crop.
Dioscorea alata. n. rain.

'ubin conj. or. 'ting-udan n. rainy season.

u'boy-uboy v. converse with s.o. u'dayu n. kind of softwood tree good

for building materials.
u'bu Variant: o'bu. n. cough.
u'dipon n. slave.
v. cough.
v. enslave.
'ub-ub v. fall face first.
'udlin See main entry: 'uldin.
'ubud n. soft heart or top of plants like
palms, rattan and banana. 'udobang See main entry: a'jobang.

u'budon v. clean the soft heart or top of udo'hik v. wade upstream. Ant: 'yadas.
such plants.
'udsà interr. why.
U'bue n. ruler of the underworld or
place of the dead. u'due1 v. pressure s.o. to move on;
walk fast behind s.o. to pressure the
u'bue n. underworld; place of the dead; person into walking faster; hint strongly
place where the soul goes after death. that s.o. leave.

ubun'-ubun n. coucal; kind of brown u'due2 v. have a strong urge to

bird that usually calls during the rainy defecate.
season. Song is a melancholic and built
on a minor scale. See: ugun'-ugun. v. be affected by a curse causing
cholera; curse s.o. to have cholera or
'ubus v. consume. diarrhea. Usage: derogatory.
 176

uduk-'uduk v. for smoke to rise ugi'hap v. have a kind of skin disease

continuously. characterised by large crusty sores on
the skin. Said to be caused by the ya'ya
u'dupa n. cassava plant. caterpillar.

udù-'udù v. attempt to arouse u'gis adj. white feathered, of a chicken.

sympathy, esp. by crying.
u'gong n. old sow.
'uenan See main entry: 'uy-an.
U'gow n. name of a mythical man.
'uengan n. fire-bank; piece of firewood
or ember kept smoldering under a heap 'ugpà v. reside s.w.
of ashes on the firetable so that a fire
can be easily started anytime from that ug'paan n. residence.
piece.
umi'nugpà n. resident.
v. build a fire-bank.
'ugsud v. for long things such as spears
u'gà n. chick; baby bird (not of fowl or ropes to lengthen; for rank,
such as chickens and ducks). knowledge or political power to
increase; for living things to increase in
ma'ngugà n. bird with chicks. weight.

u'gaan n. bird with chicks. 'ugtu n. noon.

u'galing conj. because; only because; inug'tuhan n. above the dome of the
in case; just because. sky.

u'gam n. whitish substance on tongue u'gud n. skin ulcer.

and palate; palate, roof of the mouth.
'ug-ug n. excrement.
v. have a whitish substance on the
tongue and palate. u'guk n. runny ear mucus of infected
ears.
'ugang n. parents-in-law; mother-in-
law; father-in-law; parents of a person's ugun'-ugun n. coucal; kind of black-
spouse. faced bird. Centropus sp. See: ubun'-
ubun.
u'gangan n. children-in-law; daughter-
in-law; son-in-law; spouse of a child. 'ugwad v. for a person, typhoon,
See main entry: 'ugang. difficulty or s.t. similar to go to the
worst extreme.
u'gat n. blood vessel; vein; artery.
u'haw v. thirst.
u'gaton adj. full of blood vessels;
varicose; fibrous, of plant food. u'hoy n. rice panicle.

'ugbus n. top of certain trees and 'uhud n. secondary shoots of rice.

plants.
'uhug v. nose mucus.
 177

'uhut n. rice panicle after the grains 'paulì v. return.

have been removed.
pag-u'lion v. reconcile.
u'jà n. sister-in-law; female related by
marriage; brother's wife; spouse's sister. 'ulib n. seed.
Syn: 'ipag. Usage: archaic.
uli'mug v. gargle. Aff: paN-.
u'jabang See main entry: a'jobang.
'ulin n. stern of a boat.
'ujag voc. wife! term of address for the
wife used by the husband. v. steer a boat from the stern.

'ujap n. tiny shrimp. u'lingit v. for a pig to squeal.

'ujun v. for long objects to be parallel 'ulingon n. kind of hardwood tree.

with one another on a horizontal axis.
u'lingot v. ask persistently; insist.
v. for s.o. to agree with another.
u'lisi n. kind of rattan.
'ukad v. unwrap; open a container with
with a lid that easily opens upwards. 'ulit v. provoke by persistent action;
wear down s.o. by persistent action;
u'kap n. peelings or skin of fruits, tease s.o. persistently.
vegetables and roots.
uli'tau n. bachelor; unmarried man.
'ukba v. open a lid with a little effort.
manguli'tau v. court a woman.
'ukdu v. bulge.
ulì'-ulì n. kind of grass like plant used
'uki n. kind of small oval basket used medicinally to treat teething, fever and
to carry a decoy rooster. diarrhea. Also used in ritual purification
after burials. Hands and feet are washed
u'kis v. unveil or uncover s.t. which with water mixed with this grass
drapes across or over s.t. ('pandihas) before entering the house
of the buried person.
'ukjang v. hold s.t. while in water in
order to keep afloat. u'ma n. farm; field.

Uk'tubri n. October. mangu'nguma n. farmer.

u'kù v. be sick with chicken pox. uma'ayù n. generic term for evil spirits,
such as those that cause people to
'ukud v. stuff one's mouth full of food. become prostitutes or murderers.
Aff: na-.
v. give bad advice.
'uldin Variant: 'udlin. v. exhort;
instruct s.o. in proper behavior; preach. U'maegad n. guardian spirit of wild
animals. He is said to accompany wild
'ulì v. return home; regain health. animals and warn them of danger.
See: u'yagdok. See main entry: 'aegad.
 178

u'mag n. animal wounded by a hunter Can result from breaking the 'Anit
or trap that has not been found by that taboo.
hunter or owner of the trap which
caused the wound. Must be Umu'wiwi n. cloud spirits.
grammatically possessed by the hunter
who wounded the animal or the owner 'una adj. first; ahead.
of the trap, but may be physically
claimed by anyone else who finds the v. do s.t. first.
animal.
na'nguna n. leader of a group.
'umagad n. soul of a dead person.
pa'nguna n. foreleg.
u'magak n. hen.
'unag v. exert time and effort,
u'mamon v. be controlled internally by especially if it seems in vain.
sin, shyness, anger, grudge, etc.
u'ngas adj. malicious, foolish, of a
mau'mamon adj. homebody; of one person who lies, creates sympathy for
who likes to stay at home. oneself, creates malicious rumors.

'umang v. aim a projectile weapon at a 'unggas n. swamphen; kind of long

target threateningly at close range. legged brown water bird. Amaurornis
sp.
'umbak n. layer of banana sheath
obtained from the stem of the banana 'ungkag n. teat or nipple, excluding the
plant, usually used as a plate; sheath of areola.
similar plants like abaca. OvSyn: 'yuak.
u'ngus n. cluster of lansones fruit.
'umbud n. kind of weevil. See: 'pungos.

'umey n. gums (part of mouth). u'noy1 v. do s.t. harmful or socially

unacceptable to oneself or a close
'umid v. be silent in shock or anger. relative or friend, such as commit
suicide or incest.
umi'nugpà n. resident. See main entry:
'ugpà. u'noy2 adv. personally, do s.t. by
oneself.
'Umlì n. name of a spirit considered
higher in rank than tutelary spirits. v. stay close to one's work, such as a
farm.
'umod v. fall face first.
u'noy3 v. build a structure on a natural
v. thrust the face down into s.t. feature, such as a house on a tree or
stump (such that one does not need
um'pawak n. kind of kidney infection. additional posts), or a defensive
structure in a high rock (with natural
v. have a kidney infection. defenses).

'umue v. experience weakness in the 'unsuy n. chick of fowl such as

legs such that one cannot stand well. chickens and ducks.
 179

ma'ngunsuy n. fowl with chicks. usa'hay adv. sometimes. From:

Cebuano.
'untud v. put s.t. on top of s.t. else.
'usaug v. wade.
untu'danan n. pedestal.
usi'bà v. play.
unu part. may. See: unu ko; su unu ko.
kau'sibà n. playmate.
unu ko conj. lest.
usiba'anan n. playground; auditorium.
u'nud n. flesh of an animal, person or
fruit; meat. usi'baan n. plaything; playground.

ma'unud adj. fleshy. u'siman n. kind of grass used for pig

feed.
u'nug v. follow closely; trace a path.
'usip v. question; ask.
'unuk adj. chubby. Aff: ma-.
'uslat v. for plants to emerge or sprout
v. for an infant to become chubby and from the ground.
full fleshed.
v. for voice to come forth, in contrast to
'upà n. chewed betelnut. hoarseness.

u'pat n. number four. 'usmad v. fall face first.

kau'pat adj. four times. 'usngow v. for vapor or smell to rise.

tinag'-upat adj. by fours. u'sue n. bedbug.

inu'pat adj. one fourth. v. be infested with bedbugs.

'uplit adj. cohesive or sticky, such as 'usuk adj. for s.o. to lie down such that
'hupì or clay. Aff: ma-. the head is inclined or tilted
downwards. Aff: ma-.
v. for substances such as 'hupì or clay
to cohere. v. be upside down; for long things to be
tilted downwards.
u'pow adj. bald headed.
'us-us v. move backward horizontally
'upu n. kind of edible white gourd. or vertically; decrease.

'uras n. hour; time. From: Cebuano. 'uswag v. move forward horizontally

or vertically; increase.
u'sa n. deer.
'utang n. debt.
u'sab See main entry: i'sab.
v. borrow; owe a debt to s.o.
'usad adv. walk slowly.
 180

'utok n. brain or bone marrow of a pauya'gaan v. let hunting dogs eat

person or animal. parts of a killed animal before collecting
the carcass; for a person, usually a
uto'kan adj. smart. 'datù, to get one party to pay an animal
to another party as a blood substitute
'utong v. for a tool or weapon to (sa'liling) of the first party.
penetrate s.t.
u'yagdok v. conduct hunting ritual
u'tu v. heap s.t. over the top of a requesting the spirit U'maegad to give
container. a good catch. Usually done before a
hunt. Main element of ritual is the
u'tù voc. term of address for killing and offering of a red rooster to
significantly younger males. U'maegad in the forest. The rooster
must be completely consumed by the
'utue n. excrement. hunter or hunters.

utu'kan n. summit of the mountain or uya'ging v. sing a kind of native song.

hill. Syn: 'peputukan.
n. native song. Style of singing with a
'u-ue v. suck on s.t. solid. high pitch and distinct staccato.

u'waejan n. kind of tree. u'yahù v. shout.

u'wag n. kind of very hard vine, u'yajan n. kind of hardwood tree that
sometimes used as a whip. bears pods. Good for firewood.

'uwag v. lust sexually; have strong u'yak v. waste.

sexual urge.
uya'kit v. for s.o. with a disease to
uwa'gan adj. person with constant infect s.o. else; for a contagious disease
strong sexual urges. to spread; for s.o. with a bad habit to
contaminate s.o. else and influence the
u'wak n. crow. person to pick up the bad habit.

uwa'kon adj. black color, of birds. 'uy-an Variant: 'uenan. n. pillow.

See: u'wak.
u'yangag v. for a pig to cry in pain,
u'wat n. scar. lower pitched than u'lingit.

u'yagà v. eat or devour meat u'yang-uyang v. waste.

voraciously, as dogs do after killing a
pig. u'yayod adj. poor.

uya'gaan v. ritually sacrifice an animal 'uyod n. worm; snake; caterpillar.

or person to a spirit, esp. Taeg'busow;
give an animal to an injured party as a 'uyow n. kind of rambutan tree that
blood substitute (sa'liling). Sacrifice bears black colored fruit.
was previously done before and after
war expeditions. 'uyu n. head.
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ka'uyu n. headwaters. v. for a household to break up.

u'yù v. for one's head to point in a v. for a person to become thin.

certain direction when lying down.
wah Variant: wa. interj. huh!
'uyug v. drop or fall from a high place. exclamation of surprise or shock at
hearing at sudden loud sound or when
'uy-uy v. step on s.t. or s.o. with both startled.
feet and bounce up and down without
lifting the feet. 'wahwah n. pitta; kind of little black
bird of the forest. Pitta sp. Hops around
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ on one foot, crying "wah!" on each hop.
~~~~~ Common myth is that the bird is afraid
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ that the ground might collapse if it
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ places both feet on the ground.
See: wah.

'waka v. scatter things around.

'wakdas v. throw down s.t. to the side.

'wakwak n. bird which calls at night,

believed to be a vampire.

W - w wak'wakoy n. kind of small black

forest bird similar to the crow.
wa See main entry: wah.
'wali v. preach. From: Cebuano.
'wadà exis. none; no; not; nothing.
'walihow See main entry: 'balihow.
'wadwad adj. of a person who has a
wa'ling-waling n. kind of violet orchid.
pronounced, fat and broad lower lip.
Vanda sanderiana.
wa'gak v. throw s.t. aside carelessly.
wa'liwos v. wave s.t. around with wide
vigorous arm movement.
wa'gas n. brass.
v. circumlocute; beat around the bush.
'waging v. rotate on a horizontal axis
s.t. long and lying horizontally, such as
'wangat v. spread open s.t. like a
a log.
wound.
wa'giwos v. for a fast flying object to
make a whizzing sound. 'wanggae v. tear s.t. like cloth.

'wagkas v. destroy, demolish or 'wanggas n. thorny end of rattan

dismantle a structure. leaves. Woven to make a fish trap.
Thorns grow backward.
v. for a structure to be in a state of
v. get caught by the thorny end of rattan
disrepair.
leaves.
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'wangwang v. enlarge a hole as in wo'tey interj. wow! exclamation

clothes or a wound (not a hole in the concerning s.t. that takes a long time.
groung).
'wotwot n. bird which calls at night,
wa'sa v. demolish, especially houses, believed to be a vampire.
dismantling it and not using the
materials again. woy pa conj. whether.

'wasoy n. axe. wu'ti adv. long time ago or long time

since s.t. was or has been done.
'waswas v. rinse clothes.

wa'tog-watog v. for a male person to

publicly dangle the penis from side to
side without covering below the waist.
Aff: pa-. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~
'wawae v. stick out the tongue. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OvSyn: 'diwae. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

wawa'gongwong v. for airplane

propellers to make a throbbing sound.

wawa'goswos n. for a strong wind to

make a rustling sound blowing through
leafy branches.
Y - y
wa'yu n. number eight.
ya'ag v. wander around; walk around
kawa'yuan n. eighty. aimlessly; go astray; for s.t. or s.o. to
lead s.o. astray; get lost. People who get
kawa'yuan mey 'siam n. eighty nine. lost in the forest are said to be led astray
by the spirits 'Tamà or An'yasing.
'wili v. preoccupy s.o. so that that
person cannot do s.t. 'yaang n. noose.

'wintong v. for guests or crying ya'aw adj. feral, of a wild animal that
children to hinder s.t. was once domesticated.

'wiswis v. for young birds to make a v. for a domesticated animal to run

chirping sound. wild.

'witwit n. cuckoo bird. Cuculus 'yabà v. utter; make an oral sound.

clamator and/or chrysococcyx. Usage: archaic.

wo'hig n. water; body of water such as 'yab-ag n. welt; wide mark or

a river. impression on skin.

wo'ling-woling n. kind of pink orchid. v. have welts or wide marks on the skin.
 183

'yab-ak n. welt; wide mark, May be only temporary as occurs during

impression, bump or splotch on skin; some illnesses.
skin irritation.
ya'buk v. for fowl to attack an enemy.
v. have rather large welts, bumps or
splotches on the skin. 'yabunus v. climb down a tree rapidly.

'yabgab Variant: 'yobgab. v. yawn. 'yabyab n. large wild boar; male wild
pig.
ya'bi adv. more.
'yadang See main entry: 'yajang.
pina'yabi adv. favorite.
'yadas v. wade downstream.
ya'bi pad adv. especially. Ant: udo'hik.

'yabi Variant: li'yabi. n. key. From: 'yadgad v. walk along a side such as a
Spanish. riverbank or wall.

'yabjug v. swing s.t. suspended on a yad'gadan n. trail along the bank of a

very long rope or s.t. similar. river.

'yabni v. snatch. 'yadog n. membrane that covers

muscles.
ya'bod n. large, segmented millipede
whose secretion can produce painful ya'dung n. tutelary spirit. Human like
welts. spirit that selects a favorite mortal as
their medium of communication.
'yabot v. include.
'yadungan n. person who has a tutelary
n. relationship. spirit.

ka'yabotan v. understand. ya'dus v. climb down a tree rapidly.

ya'bow adj. highest, of rank or 'yadyad v. walk along a side such as a

elevation; excellent. riverbank or wall.

v. excel. 'yagà v. boil food like root crops.

ya'boy v. pass by. yaga'ak n. cracking or creaking sound.

yuma'yaboy n. passerby. v. make a cracking or creaking sound.

'yabtig v. whip with s.t. small. 'yagak v. lose; be lost.

'yabtoy v. for leaves to wither; become ya'gakyak v. make a slurping or

weak from hunger. sloshing sound such as when putting a
limb in and out of thick mud, or when
'yabud v. for eyesight to be blurred sucking the meat out of a large shell.
because of a white film on the eyes.
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ya'gangdang adj. bright, of colors. knowing for sure whether his answer is
Aff: ma-. correct.

yagan'sanan v. for large fruits to fall ya'gobyob v. for a water container to

from a tree in large quantities. make a gurgling noise when being filled
with water. See: a'gob-ob.
'yagas v. for leaves to fall from
branches. v. fetch water with a bamboo water
container.
ya'gat adj. wide-eyed.
'yagod n. sediment which settles from
v. open eyes wide. a liquid solution, such as that produced
when maturing palm wine.
'yagbas v. for s.t. to pierce through or
penetrate to the other side. ya'gom v. bruise a part of a body.

v. hurt s.o.'s feelings. maya'gom adj. be bruised; be the color

of a bruise; blue or purple colored;
'yagboy adv. really; very; exactly. dingy colored.

'yagdong v. look intently at s.t. 'yagong n. voice.

'yaghung adj. low-pitched, of a voice. 'yagos n. rattan strip.

Aff: ma-.
ya'gos v. tie cross pieces together,
v. for a voice to be low-pitched. usually with rattan strips, as found in
bamboo flooring and walling, and in
'yagi voc. term of address between fish traps.
male friends of the same approximate
age. ya'got n. tobacco quid.

v. for males to make friends. 'yagotik v. for breaking twigs to make

a snapping sound.
ya'giit n. kind of yellowish clayey soil.
yago'tom n. generic term for fishing
yagi'nà n. aunt. equipment such as traps, nets, hooks
and lines.
yagkat-'yagkat v. stride; walk with
long steps. Aff: paN-. n. generic term for animal or fish traps.

'yagkos v. mix; put s.t. in with other ya'goyloy n. kind of tall weed with a
things. Usage: archaic. sticky stem and grain-like seeds.

'yagmak v. do s.t. randomly; perform 'yagsik v. for a stone, stick, or s.t.

an activity without first thinking similar to accidentally flick aside, such
through a viable plan for its as stones thrown up by wheels of a
performance. For example, work vehicle or a chip of wood flying out
without any particular plan of order; or, while chopping wood.
for a student to answer a teacher, not
 185

'yagsok v. for a plant to die or be ya'huy v. be loose.

stunted because of too much water.
'yain adj. different; separate; various.
'yagtang n. kind of vine which bears
fruit used as fish poison. Fruit dry fried, v. separate; sort.
pounded and mixed with earthworms
for use as fish poison. For catching 'poit sagun'yain v. misconstrue; think
fish. otherwise.

'yagting adj. high-pitched, of a voice. 'yajag1 adj. shiny.

Aff: ma-.
n. brilliance.
v. for a voice to be high-pitched.
'yajag2 n. sail.
ya'gubyub v. for a large fire to make a
roaring sound; for a machine to make a v. sail.
similar roaring sound.
'yajang Variant: 'yadang. v. fly.
ya'gudyud v. for animals or people to
stampede. 'yajap v. for the wind to blow s.t.

ya'gutu v. cook rice or camotes until ya'jas v. complete prematurely; for a

soft. process to be forced to an early
completion. For example, force fruit to
ya'guwat v. struggle to be free from ripen prematurely; force an airplane
bonds or a grip. landing; give birth early because of a
fall.
'yaguy v. run; go away; flee.
ya'jat v. tease s.o., esp. by calling
'paeguy v. drive away. names.

'linaguy v. run. ya'jon n. dead banana leaf.

ya'guyad v. go around the ya'jow adj. free range, of domesticated

circumference of s.t. such as a lake. animals which are allowed to roam
freely.
ya'gu-yagu n. windpipe; trachea.
paya'jow v. allow a domesticated
'yagyag v. destroy. animal to roam freely.

ya'hag adj. yellow color; translucent. 'yajug v. wrestle.

ya'hì adj. different in comparison. 'yajun adj. for s.t. to be continuous,

without interruption; for a dress to
ya'hù v. miss a target. consist of only one piece.

'yahung v. carry s.t. between two or v. for s.t. to be on the same bank of a
more people, at least one on each end. river, without an intervening tributary;
for sunny or rainy weather to continue
ya'hus See main entry: yo'hus. without a break.
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'yakad v. be in excess of normal 'yama adj. vigilant, especially of

badness. possible enemies.

ya'kas v. for water to recede. 'yamag Variant: 'lamag. v. hunt wild

pigs by waiting in an ambush in a tree
adj. for water level to be shallow. for them to pass, esp. at night.

'yak-at adj. widely spaced. ya'manon adv. really. ya'manon man

ko... if it is really true that...
'yakbà v. have a wide, thick, red, itchy
rash on the skin. 'yamat v. for a spirit to reveal a
flashing vision to s.o.
'yakbang adj. wide.
'yambag v. meet.
n. width.
'yambid v. cross the legs.
'yakdoy v. traverse; go over a
mountain or log. OvSyn: 'yap-ang. yam'bitan n. kind of war bolo.

ya'kip v. include. Syn: ya'pik. 'yambog adj. stout; fat. Aff: ma-.

ya'kis v. expose s.t. by pulling it up. v. grow stout or fat.

ya'kobkob v. make a munching or 'yambug n. kind of medium sized tree

crunching sound when chewing s.t. that bears small black sweet-sour fruit.
crunchy. See main entry: 'kobkob.
'yambung n. shadow; reflection;
'yaksu v. jump. supernatural vision of a being.

'yaksuy n. nipa wine. v. be able to find a trace of s.o. or s.t.

See: 'yandung.
'yaktod v. take a shortcut; omit details
in telling a story; skip over a portion of yam'bungan n. mirror.
work while performing a task.
yam'buu n. kind olive colored
yaku-'yaku v. poison fish with the bark freshwater crayfish or lobster about a
of certain trees. foot long.

'yakyak v. shake an edible snail shell yambu'uhon adj. olive or greyish green
to remove the meat, esp. the color, used to describe the color of a
'kaembuoy snai. certain variety of chicken.

'yalin v. move or transfer residence. ya'mì See main entry: la'mì.

'yalinan n. portable makeshift hut used 'yam-od v. swallow.

while working in a field.
yam'-odan n. throat.
'yalis v. debate; discuss; quarrel; argue.
'yamok v. be soaked with a liquid
substance, esp. oil.
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yamo'tik Variant: yomo'tik. n. kind of ya'ngì n. medium sized women's

large red biting ant. basket. Woven from dried pandan
leaves (ba'yuy) and reinforced with
'yampag n. tobacco quid of young rattan strips.
tobacco leaves.
'yangit n. sky; heaven. Traditional
'yamping n. diaper. From: Cebuano conceptualization of the sky is of a
lampin. dome.

'yampos v. whip or lash an animal or ya'ngitnon adj. heavenly.

person with a flexible instrument.
ya'ngit-yangit n. egg white.
'yampot v. immigrate; wander; go to a
place where one is a stranger. 'yangkat n. secondary camote plant
growing from a runner.
n. stranger; immigrant.
'yangkob v. prostrate; lay face down
ya'mut-yamut n. kind of very small on the belly.
flying insect known for entering
peoples' eyes. 'yangkotow v. jump when startled.

'yana n. coconut oil. 'yangkuas n. kind of rhizome similar to

ginger used to flavor and ferment sugar
'yanak v. fall, of small ripe fruit from a cane wine.
tree.
'yangkung v. coil s.t. such as wire or
ya'na-yana n. kind of very small, red rope.
ant.
ya'ngog adj. crazy; foolish.
'yandab v. run away.
Maka'yangog n. name of a spirit said
'yandan v. for a female to miscarry; for to incite madness and bravery.
a fetus to be aborted.
'yang-og adj. stale, musty or acidic,
'yandog adj. slippery. Aff: ma-. esp. of water, also of wood soaked in
water. Aff: ma-.
ya'ngag n. skull. Syn: 'baengog.
v. for s.t., esp. water, to become stale,
'yangan v. delay. musty or acidic, as when wood or dead
leaves are soaked in it for a long time.
yanggi'sawan n. variety of 'tambis tree
that bears black bell shaped fruit. 'yangosa n. blood.

yang'gotong v. struggle to free oneself. ya'ngosa v. bleed.

'yangguy v. lead. paya'ngosa v. ritually apply blood on

posts of a new house.
'yanghag v. look upward.
'yangot v. be very angry.
 188

pa'yangot v. incite s.o. v. plan more activities than one can

accomplish.
'yangow n. housefly.
'yap-ang v. walk or step over s.t.,
'yangsa adj. smelly, like fish or blood. without stepping on it.
Aff: ma-.
n. step or stride of a person.
'yangub v. dare to do s.t.
nayap'-angan v. fall ill because the
ya'nguy v. swim. spouse is in an adulterous relationship.

ya'nipgà n. kind of tree good for 'yapdos v. whip.

building material and for making
dugout boats. Toona calantas. 'yapid n. layer of s.t. thin and flat.

ya'nit v. strip off s.t., such as grass, v. make a double layer of s.t.
skin or a covering.
ya'pik v. include. Syn: ya'kip.
ya'nos v. for plants to wilt or wither.
ya'ping n. kind of edible fungi that
'yanot n. long plant fibers. grows on dead wood and looks like
ears.
'yansang n. nail.
adj. of a person with a deformed ear.
v. nail s.t.
ya'pinig n. small yellow-green wasp
yan'taaw n. orchid. with a painful sting.

'yantap v. for birds to fly away when ya'pogsak v. for an object to make a
scared. splatting noise upon impact.

'yanting v. float a heavy log by tying n. splatting noise.

bamboo or light wood to it.
'yaposung Variant: 'yoposung;
'yantug v. spread a rumor. 'yusopong. n. cobra, kind of venomous
snake.
'yantuy n. flute.
ya'poy v. for water to overflow; flood.
'yanut n. abaca fiber.
'yapù v. cut down stalks of bamboo.
'yaob v. wilt leaves by placing over a
fire. 'yapug v. burn a big bonfire; burn a big
pile of wood.
'yapà v. cut meat into chunks;
slaughter an animal. n. bonfire.

'yapag v. flood; for water in a lake to 'yapugad v. position oneself in

spread beyond the shore. preparation for an attack on oneself;
prepare an offensive defense.
 189

yapu'gud v. struggle to be free. 'yatag v. spread objects out in a single

layer.
'yapung adj. thick, of a bushy plant or
hair. Aff: ma-. yata'gan n. purlin; horizontal beams
above rafters.
adj. large, of a family.
ya'tokang v. for an object make a sharp
ya'pus v. penetrate; pierce through. thudding or clanging noise upon impact.

'yapwas v. for water to overflow. 'yatug n. sexual lust.

'yasa n. kind of sauce made from v. for the penis or clitoris to become
vinegar, salt and chili peppers. erect.

v. eat food with a sauce of vinegar, salt yatug-'yatug v. vacillitate; be

and peppers. alternately encouraged and discouraged
about a plan.
ya'sad v. for s.t. such as a pole to reach
the bottom of a river or hole; for a spear ya'tus v. whip.
or arrow to hit bone.
ya'uja v. stew; cook tough things till
ya'sat adj. of a penis with an exposed tender.
glans.
'yaus v. cut s.t. through with one
'yasat v. expose glans of an stroke.
uncircumcized penis.
v. spend a sleepless night.
ya'sì v. pull back the foreskin of a Usage: metaphorical.
penis to attempt to reveal the glans;
stimulate the penis; for a male to 'yawa n. body of a person or animal;
masturbate. OvSyn: kuli'tok. stem or trunk of a plant.

maya'sì adj. giggly, flighty or pan'yawa n. health.

flirtatious, esp. of women or effeminate
men. 'yawaan n. kind of large tree good for
building material. Monkeys commonly
ya'sing v. for a buck deer to howl or reside in these trees.
call for a mate, esp. during the full
moon. 'yaw-ag n. lard.

'yasoy v. pound rice left unhusked yawa'gan n. banana stalk where the
after winnowing. fruit is attached to.

'yasù n. penis. 'yawang v. pass through an opening;

enter; exit.
'yaswa v. scald; burn with hot liquid or
food. ya'was n. one internode, section or
segment of a segmented plant such as
ya'ta v. for a tree to lose its leaves. sugar cane or bamboo.
 190

ma'tilawas adj. having long internodes, yo'bog adj. murky, of a liquid, glass or
of segmented plants. similar substance.

yawà-ya'wà See main entry: jawà- yo'bong v. bury.

ja'wà.
n. grave of a person.
'yawig n. large hook and line.
yobo'nganan n. graveyard.
v. fish with a large hook and line.
yo'but n. bottom of s.t.; anus.
ya'wis v. have diarrhea, esp. from
eating too much fatty food. Aff: -an. yo'das v. dislocate a joint.
OvSyn: yo'pù.
'yawod v. be late in doing s.t.
'yod-oy adj. listless; inattentive.
'yawoy n. saliva. Aff: ma-, OvSyn: 'yomhoy, 'gobyoy.

'yaw-oy adj. sexually immoral; yo'gas n. single particle; single grain of

obscene; morally offensive. Aff: ma-. sand, rice or s.t. similar; single strand of
fiber.
v. be offended by sexually obscene
things. 'yogbak adv. get or buy s.t in bulk or in
quantity; pay for s.t. in one lump sum.
ya'ya n. caterpillar.
'yogda v. refrain or avoid doing s.t.
'yay-ang v. recline; lie on the back. because of a bad personal experience of
doing that thing.
'yayas n. venom.
'yogdang v. sink.
ma'yayas n. venomous.
'yogdangan n. foot of a ladder or
yo'bad v. fade. mountain.

'yobag v. for a part of the body to na'yogdangan v. for s.o. who was ill to
swell. become seriously ill.

n. boil; swelling. v. for s.w. to be the place where s.t. or

s.o. was sunk.
pa'yobag v. for the vagina to swell; for
an animal to be in heat. 'yogdog adj. red. Aff: ma-.

yo'bas n. fallow ground; second v. become red; for s.t. smoldering to

growth forest which has been formerly turn into a flame or to burst into flame.
cultivated.
'yogkò v. contract; shrink.
'yobas v. undress. Syn: 'yogkon.

adj. naked. 'yogkon v. contract; shrink.

Syn: 'yogkò.
'yobgab See main entry: 'yabgab.
 191

'yognas v. for a house, vine, or s.t. li'nogwà v. going in and out.

similar to collapse.
yo'hà n. home; residence.
yo'gob v. for s.o. to do s.t. such that
every instance is covered; go every v. reside s.w.
place; be enough for everyone to have
one. yo'hing adj. mature coconut or corn.

yo'god n. greed; voraciousness. yo'hus Variant: ya'hus. v. proceed s.w.

directly; penetrate s.t. through to the
'yogodon adj. greedy; voracious. other side with a sharp pointed
instrument.
'yogod v. press down.
'yoig v. be weakened from a prolonged
'yogong v. wrestle. sickness from which one has recovered.

'yogos v. force oneself to do s.t. in 'yokà n. bamboo container with a

spite of difficulty. fitting lid both made from a bamboo
internode. Syn: 'supà.
yo'got v. poison with venom by biting
or stinging; poison with a puncture 'yok-ang v. for a layer of s.t. to
wound. separate and peel off.

yo'goy v. be jinxed with bad luck; be 'yokat v. redeem; bail out; pay
cursed; suffer bad spiritual influence, mortgage price; pay ransom.
esp. from offending the spirits.
'yokbò v. lower the body; kneel on one
'yogpang v. scoop s.t. up in big knee before s.o. or s.t.; bow the body
chunks, such as soil or rice. before s.o. or s.t.

'yogsad v. touch ground after v. for a bird to brood over eggs.

disembarking from a vehicle.
yo'kob1 v. cover.
n. foot of a hill or mountain.
yo'kob2 n. kind of fish trap in the form
n. yard of a house, esp. a house raised of a bamboo fence put across a stream
on stilts. to catch fish.

'yogtan v. be in a state of continual v. fish using a fence.

sleepiness due to fever.
yo'konan Variant: yoyo'konan. n. joint
'yogtay v. harvest rice. of the body. See: yokon-yo'konan.

'yogtok v. die. yokon-yo'konan n. hock; back of the

knee. See: yo'konan.
'yogwà v. emerge.
'yokyok v. remove the esophagus and
n. porch of a house. windpipe from the throat.

yog'waan n. exit; entrance; door.

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v. choke or strangle by gripping the 'yon-ok v. stuff or push s.t. downward

throat with the hand. into a confined area. Aff: in-.

'yomat v. aggravate skin disease. v. thrust s.o. downward while fighting.

'yombis n. mat that has been torn. v. condemn s.o.

'yombong n. kind of rhizome with 'yonong adj. till or currentless, of a

edible seedy underground fruit. Wild body of water. Aff: ma-.
pigs usually feed on it.
v. for a stream to be still.
'yombù adj. young, of fruit and grain.
Aff: ma-. 'yonop See main entry: 'onop.

'yomhok adj. soft. Aff: ma-. 'yonyon v. roll up sleeves or pant legs.

'yomhoy adj. listless; inattentive. yo'op v. for people, news, locusts,

Aff: ma-, OvSyn: 'gobyoy, 'yod-oy. disease or s.t. similar to spread over or
cover an area.
yo'mog v. cry with unshed tears.
Aff: pan--an. 'yopa n. operculum; membrane
covering the shell opening of a snail.
yo'mos v. drown.
yo'pà v. cross a river, road, or s.t.
yomo'tik See main entry: yamo'tik. similar.

yomoy-'yomoy adj. slow-moving, of a yo'pon v. barricade a channel of

person. Aff: ma-. movement of people or animals, usually
a gate or road.
yo'nà v. for s.o. to be in a trance; for a
spirit to possess s.o. n. barricade; s.t. that obstructs the
movement of people or animals.
yo'ngak v. raise the head to face
upward. 'yoposung See main entry: 'yaposung.

'yonggad n. fellow; adult man. 'yopot v. wrap s.t. in banana or anahaw

leaves.
yong'gion n. kind of large edible larva
found in 'paesan rattan tops. Used as 'yopow v. jump over s.t.
baby food.
yo'pù v. sprain a joint. OvSyn: yo'das.
yo'ngod n. area directly in line with s.t.
else above or below. v. make a cracking noise in the joints
such as in the knuckles.
v. be directly in line with s.t. else above
or below. yo'put v. for s.t. to emerge from a
natural or unnatural hole in the body;
'yongyong v. stare. for a new shoot to emerge from a plant
or seed.
yo'nod v. sink; drown.
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'yosang n. breach in a wall or defense 'yuak n. layer of banana sheath

where s.t. bad can enter. obtained from the stem of the banana
plant; sheath of similar plants like
'yosngò v. break the neck of a fish. abaca. OvSyn: 'umbak.

yo'sob n. kind of small edible 'yuat v. for a person to bend backward.

freshwater crab found in swampy land.
yu'atan n. lower back of a person.
'yosok v. bury s.t. shallowly.
yu'bajan n. string used to spin a top.
n. kind of venomous snake that buries
itself. n. string used to start a motor.

'yosong v. brave danger in order to 'yubas n. hard inner core of certain

accomplish a purpose. trees.

yo'sung n. mortar, used for pounding. 'yubid n. twine; rope; string.

'yotik v. for a seed pod or tree bark to v. twist fibers together to make twine.
split open to allow seeds or shoots to
emerge. yubid-'yubid n. spermate cord of male
mammals.
'yotò v. for a river or stream to flow
backwards or to back up. yu'bid-yubid n. penile cartilage and
tubular urinary tract of male mammals.
yo'tow v. float on water or in the air.
yu'boy adj. pliable or flexible, such as
v. for facts to become evident upon bamboo. Aff: ma-.
investigation.
yu'bug adj. pure, of a color or blood.
'yotoy adj. weak physically; tired;
slow. yu'buk v. for fruit to become overripe.

'youy v. visit a place or person, esp. to 'yubuk v. walk through thick

check and see how plants or a person is vegetation without following a path.
doing.
yu'bus v. turn against or give away s.o.
'yow-ag Variant: 'yuag. adj. wide. or s.t. that is dear to one.
Aff: ma-.
yudow-'yudow adj. light yellow color.
ka'yow-ag n. width. Aff: ma-.

yoyo'atan n. joint of the body. yu'du v. for fowl to molt; for pigs to
shed hair.
yoyo'konan Variant: yo'konan. n.
hock; back of the knee. 'yudus v. climb down from a tree.

'yu'ag See main entry: 'yow-ag. 'yugajow v. roam around without

restraint. See: ya'jow.
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'yugdù See main entry: 'yugjù. 'yugung n. thunder.

'yugì n. small hole. 'yugyug v. thrust s.t. long into a hole,

once such as to measure its depth, or
yu'gian v. make a small hole. back and forth repeatedly, such as to
drive s.t. out of the hole.
'yugit v. dig s.t. out using pointed
instrument. 'yuhà n. teardrop.

'yugjù Variant: 'yugdù. n. bolo. yu'haan n. teargland.

'yugjuay n. small bolo. See main entry: yu'hù n. coconut shell.

'yugjù.
yu'hud v. kneel.
yug'natan n. induction ritual to make
s.o. a chief. yu'hug v. skewer things together with a
vine or rattan strip for carrying.
'yugom adj. black color.
n. piece of rattan or vine used to skewer
li'nugom v. wear black. Warriors who things together for carrying.
wear all black are of the highest rank.
'yuja adj. weak, of the body.
'yugoy adj. long, of a stretch of time.
Aff: ma-. yuja-'yuja n. kind of ginger like
rhizome used medicinally to treat
v. do s.t. or be s.w. for a long time. gastro-intestinal disturbances.

kayu'gajan adv. after a long time. 'yujud v. for a large group of people or
animals to go somewhere together.
'yugsad v. go down from a house.
'yujung v. kidnap s.o. away to murder
'yugsak v. hit s.t. high above with a the person secretly.
pole, as in harvesting fruit from a tree.
'yukà n. layer of banana sheath
v. spear with an upward motion. obtained from the stem of the banana
plant; sheath of similar plants like
n. pole used to harvest fruit from tall abaca.
trees. Syn: tu'kag.
n. piece of banana sheath used as a
'yugsung v. go downhill. plate.

'yugtom adj. dark color. Aff: ma-. v. cut and peel off a section of banana
sheath.
'yugtus v. for a trap to become useless.
'yukas adv. quickly; immediately.
'yug-uk v. for a deer to make its
characteristic noise. 'yukat v. dig out or pry out s.t. from the
ground with a levering action.
n. noise a deer makes.
'yukjab n. undercut bank of a river.
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'yukos n. male person or animal; man; 'yumut v. for a child to play in or a pig
boy. to wallow in the mud.

'yuku v. for four legged animals to curl 'yumyum v. stuff food into the mouth.
up and lie down as when sleeping.
'yunas n. kind of tree, the bark and root
yu'kub v. for s.o. to be in a trance. of which is used as an antidote for
Aff: -an. venomous bites.

payu'yukub v. pretend to be in a v. treat s.o. with this medicine.

trance.
'yungat v. stop sucking or biting s.t.
'yukut v. roll up s.t. flat, as a mat.
yung'gajab adj. wide, expansive, of
'yukyuk v. stuff a stick into a bamboo cleared land. Aff: ma-.
pole to knock out the inner divisions of
the internodes; stuff food into the 'yungun n. coffin.
mouth.
'yunhow Variant: 'menhow. adj.
Yuma'bot n. name of a mythical man. yellow-green; green; color of young
palm leaves. Aff: ma-.
yu'mansad n. rooster; cock; adult male
fowl. n. young palm leaves yellow-green in
color. Coconut leaves, esp., of this
yu'mawig n. thin fiber believed to be color, are used to decorate altars
attached to the placenta after it is (angkawan and angkae), sacred trees
expelled. See: 'yawig. (bangkasu), and other sacred
paraphernalia.
yu'mayow v. for a fruit tree to remain
fruitless during the normal fruit-bearing 'yunow v. for soil to erode due to
season. heavy rain.

'yumbiya n. sago palm. n. landslide.

yu'mow n. soft portion of the head of a 'yunoy adj. flexible. Aff: ma-.
new born baby.
'yunsì adj. pale, of a person's
'yumpu v. stay away too long. complexion. Aff: ma-.

'yumpù n. section of finger or toe 'yunsoy adj. all the same kind.
between the knuckles.
'yunsud n. settlement of more than one
n. unit of measure of the length of the extended family, recognised by the
first section of the middle finger from government; town; city; village.
the tip of the finger to the first knuckle. Traditionally, the Manobo live in a
single house in the forest containing an
Yu'mud n. name of a male spirit. extended family.
Believed to cause plagues.
yu'nù adj. smooth. Aff: ma-.
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'yunyun adj. homogenous; one kind; 'yutas v. wean.

pure.
'yuthang v. shoot s.t., esp. to kill.
'yupad v. spit out s.t. from the mouth.
n. gun.
yu'pì v. fold.
yu'tu v. carry s.t. on the head.
kalinu'pian n. hem.
yu'tù n. blister.
kayu'pian n. hem.
'yutù v. cook.
'yupig v. overpower; oppress; take
advantage. n. cooked food; provisions for travel.

adj. cruel. 'yutub n. hill.

yu'pis n. outer portion of abaca sheath 'yutyut v. cook in bamboo tube.

removed from the plant.
'yuub v. cover s.t. wide and flat.
'yupnis n. outer portion of abaca sheath
removed from the plant. 'yuuy adj. pitiful. Aff: ka-.

'yupot n. larva of a certain kind of makayu'yuuy adj. pitiful.

insect found on floating twigs on the
river. Used as bait when fishing with 'yuwag n. ladle; large spoon for
hook and line. cooking.

yu'pow n. kind of small grained, dark yu'wag v. stir.

colored, aromatic dry rice.
'yuwan v. load.
'yupug v. pursue s.t. or s.o.; follow.
yu'was n. outside.
'yusopong See main entry: 'yaposung.
v. go outside; bring out s.t.; save s.o.
'yusud v. for several birds to lay eggs
in one nest. manyu'yuwas n. savior.

'yus-ug v. descend or go down from kayu'wasan n. freedom.

s.t. like a house or mountain, or to a
river. yu'wat v. depart; wean.

'yusung v. launch or slide s.t. like a 'yuy-a n. ginger.

boat down from the shore into the river.

yu'sut v. pass s.t. throgh a small hole.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'yusyus n. knee cap. ~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'yutang v. kill on the spot. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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