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    90 views13 pages

    MMW Chapter-3

    Uploaded by

    Al-waleed Julkanain

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13
    Mattress the Medom Wots —— 30, Iti raining, then the sun is not shining, 231, It is raining and the ground is wet. ‘32. The ground is wet if and only if is raining and the ‘sun is shining. 3, The sun is shining oF iti raining 34, The ground is not wet 35. The ground is not wet iF and only if the sun is shining. For Exercises 36 to 40, give the converse, inverse, and ccontrapositive ofthe following implications. 136. If is an irrational number then itis a number that ‘goes on forever. 7. If x is the height of a box then it is a positive number. 38. I the year 2020 is 366 days in that year. 99, f i is a complex number then it is not a real umber 40, If xis lees than 0 then it is negative to be leap year then there hi CHAPTER Problem Solving and Reasoning @® kevworvs 3.2 Deductive Reasoning 3.3 Problem Solving with || Inductive Reasoning Patterns 3.4 Polya’s Problem- Solving Strategy Deductive Reasoning Fibonacei Sequence Pascal's Triangle Binet’s Formula LEARNING. ‘OBJECTIVES Sse eee At the end ofthe chapter, | CANYOU ANSWER the student is expected to: ‘THIS FAST? 1, apply inductive and deductive reasoning to salve problems; solve problems Savolving patterns and recreational problems following Polya’ strategy; and organize one's methods and ‘approaches for proving ‘and solving problems, 3.1 Inductive Reasoning Have you seen the movle Die Hrd! with « Vengeance (1995) starring Bruce Wills and Samuel Jackson? In one the action scenes, MeClane and Carver (portrayed by Wis fand Jackson, respectively) were caught in a breathtaking. Scenario where they needed to keep a bomb from exploding, SEnd the only way to prevent the explosion is to put exactly four gallons of water on a sale. How would they doi if they fonly have a five-allon and a three-gallon jug? Please see [Beercise 35 of this section. C16 = Im the movie, the bomb did not explode, thanks to MeClane’s ‘quick reasoning ability and mathematical strate. ‘A good problem solver is one who can find a resolution of whieh the path to the answer Is not immediately known. McClane epitomizes a good problem solver by using & ‘Strategy which cannot be learned through school drills 1m the real world, decision-making and problem-solving are two Key areas that one should be good at in order to survive. In this chapter, you will learn to organize your ; Problem Soling on Reosceing ‘own methods and approaches to solve mathematical problems. Inductive Reasoning ‘The type of reasoning that uses specific examples to reach a general conclusion of something is called inductive reasoning. ‘The conclusion formed by using inductive Teasoning is called a conjecture. A conjecture is an idea that may or may not be correct Example 1: Use inductive reasoning to predict the next ‘number in each ofthe following lists 1 5,10, 15, 20, 25, 2 b.1,4,9, 16, 25,2 Solution: Each successive number is § units larger than the preceding. number. Ths, it can be predicted that the next number in the list is S units larger than 25, which . Observe that all the numbers are perfect squares 1-1, 4-28, O=3, 1642, 2505), Thus, it can be predicted that the next number to be 36-6 Example 2: Use inductive reasoning to make « conjecture fut ofthe following process Consider the folowing procedue: 1. Pick a number. 2. Multiply the number by 10 3. Add 8 to the product. 4. Divide the sum by 2 ‘5. And subtract 4, Repeat the procedure for several diferent numbers, Make a conjecture between the relationship of the size of the esulting number and the size ofthe orginal number using Inductive reasoning. a Mathematics the Medem Wotd — ‘Suppose we pic 3 sous original number, Original number: 3 Multiply 3 by 10: 30, [Add 8 tothe product: 8+30 =38 38 Divide the sum by 2: 38-19 ‘Subtract the quotient by 4: 19-4-=15 featured wth 3 andthe procedure produces 15 starting with 4 as our orginal umber andthe procedure sentt."to. stating wit 10° an oor ogo number Boa the procedure produces 50. Staring wath 50 a8 ur iia! umber sid the procedure produces 280 In each Often cache proere proces a number hat se Mines the orginal number Ie conetared that the gen foci paduces a munber hat ve times he ora mabe Example 3: Use the data in the table and by inductive reasoning, answer the following questions below. ‘aif the earthquake magnitude is 8.5, how high Gin meters) ean the tsunami be? ‘Can a tsunami occur when the earthquake magnitude ig less than 7? Explain your answer. —— Protiem soving ond Reasoning Solution: ‘In the table, for every 0.1 increase in earthquake ‘magnitude, the maximum tsunami height increases bby 4 meters. Thus itis conjeetured that the maximum ‘tsunami height forthe earthqualee magnitude of 8.5 1s 45 meters, . No, because when the earthquake magnitude is 7.4, the maximum tsunami height ia only 1 meter. Hence, ‘© tsunami does not occur when’ the earthquake ‘magnitude is less than 7. Conclusions based on inductive reasoning may not ‘always be true. In other words, @ conjecture formed by Using inductive reasoning may be incorrect. To illustrate consider the results below, n

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