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    Classwork 4 Naming Alkanes

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    clara
    This document provides instructions for naming alkanes and drawing their structural formulas. It describes a multi-step process: 1) Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and name it based on the number of carbons (e.g. butane, pentane). 2) Name branches based on the number of carbons (methyl, ethyl, propyl) with a "-yl" ending. 3) Number the carbons to give branches the lowest numbers. 4) Indicate multiple branches with prefixes (di, tri, tetra). To draw structures, identify the main chain and number carbons to give lowest numbers to branches, then attach branches according to their names and positions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the process.

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    Classwork 4 Naming Alkanes

    Uploaded by

    clara
    50 views3 pages
    This document provides instructions for naming alkanes and drawing their structural formulas. It describes a multi-step process: 1) Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and name it based on the number of carbons (e.g. butane, pentane). 2) Name branches based on the number of carbons (methyl, ethyl, propyl) with a "-yl" ending. 3) Number the carbons to give branches the lowest numbers. 4) Indicate multiple branches with prefixes (di, tri, tetra). To draw structures, identify the main chain and number carbons to give lowest numbers to branches, then attach branches according to their names and positions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the process.

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    This document provides instructions for naming alkanes and drawing their structural formulas. It describes a multi-step process: 1) Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and name it based on the number of carbons (e.g. butane, pentane). 2) Name branches based on the number of carbons (methyl, ethyl, propyl) with a "-yl" ending. 3) Number the carbons to give branches the lowest numbers. 4) Indicate multiple branches with prefixes (di, tri, tetra). To draw structures, identify the main chain and number carbons to give lowest numbers to branches, then attach branches according to their names and positions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    50 views3 pages

    Classwork 4 Naming Alkanes

    Uploaded by

    clara
    This document provides instructions for naming alkanes and drawing their structural formulas. It describes a multi-step process: 1) Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and name it based on the number of carbons (e.g. butane, pentane). 2) Name branches based on the number of carbons (methyl, ethyl, propyl) with a "-yl" ending. 3) Number the carbons to give branches the lowest numbers. 4) Indicate multiple branches with prefixes (di, tri, tetra). To draw structures, identify the main chain and number carbons to give lowest numbers to branches, then attach branches according to their names and positions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Naming Alkanes Name: __________________________

    Classwork 4: Naming Alkanes

    Step 1. Find the longest continuous chain of carbons (it doesn’t have to be straight). (Draw a line through
    these carbons if it’s helpful.) Assign an “alkane” name according to the number of carbons in this
    chain (such as “butane,” “pentane”).

    Step 2. All carbons not in this main chain are “branches” connected to the main chain. Name each branch
    using the corresponding prefix with a “–yl” ending.
    1 carbon - “methyl” 2 carbons - “ethyl” 3 carbons - “propyl”

    Step 3. Number the carbons in the main chain so that the branch(es) have the lowest possible numbers
    assigned to them. Assign each branch a number corresponding to where it attaches to the main chain.
    Step 4 If there is more than one of a type of branch, add a prefix:
    2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = …don’t worry about five groups.

    Drawing Alkanes
    Step 1. Draw the main chain (the last word on the right side of the name). This should be the longest
    continuous path of counting carbons. You can go in many directions.

    Step 2. Number the carbons from left to right or right to left depending on where you will get the lowest
    numbers.

    Step 3. Attach branches according to the number of carbons in each branch (“___yl” words) and their
    position on the main chain.

    *** it might be helpful to ignore any “di” or “tri” type prefixes in the branch names. “n-“ means normal and is
    representing the straight chain. ***

    Example: 4-ethyl -2,2,5 trimethyl octane


    Alphabetize the prefixes like ethyl, methyl, propyl.
    If there is more than one indicate with di, tri, tetra, penta, etc.
    Then figure out which like groups locations on carbon numbers. Match it to the name above and you got it
    right.
    1. Name the following branched alkanes:
    2. Draw the structural formula for the following molecules. Remember the following:
     Carbons on the end of a chain are attached to three hydrogens
     Carbons in the middle of a chain are attached to two hydrogens
     Carbons that have one branch attached are also attached to one hydrogen
     Carbons that have two branches attached are not attached to any hydrogens

    4-ethyl-octane

    2-methyl-nonane

    3,3-dimethyl-pentane

    3-ethyl-pentane

    3-ethyl-2methyl-heptane

    2,2,3-trimethyl-butane

    3-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-hexane

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