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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,
SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
MODULE
To The Learner:

This course focuses on the application of ideas and methods of the social
sciences to understand, investigate, and examine challenges of contemporary
community life. It focuses on community-action initiatives such as community
engagement, solidarity, and citizenship as guided by the core values of human
rights, social justice, empowerment and advocacy, gender equality, and
participatory development. It aims at enhancing students’ sense of shared
identity and willingness to contribute to the pursuit of the common good of
the community. It enables students to integrate applied social sciences into
community-action initiatives.

This module has the following parts and corresponding

icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills
or competencies you are expected to learn in
the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims

to check what you already know about
the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will

be introduced to you in various ways such
as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
Assessment

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand culture, society, and politics. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into 5 :

Lesson 1 – Concepts and Perspectives of Community

Lesson 2 – Community Engagement
Lesson 3 – Core values and principles of Community Engagement
Lesson 4- Methodologies and Approaches of Community Actions and Involvements
Across Disciplines
Lesson 5- Community Action Initiatives: Field Practicum

The Most Essential Learning

Competencies are:

1. Explain the importance of studying community dynamics and community action

in relation to applied social sciences and the learners' future career options.
2.Compare and contrast the definitions of community using various perspective,
e.g. Social science, institution, civil society, and local/ grassroots level
3. Develop/ affirm sense of shared identity and willingness to contribute to the
attainment of the common good
 4. Recognize diversities in communities
5. Analyze functions of communities in terms structures, dynamics, and processes
6. Compare and contrast typologies of communities
7. Recognize the value of undertaking community action modalities
8. Acknowledge interrelationship of self and community in undertaking community
action
9.Identify opportunities to contribute to community development through solidarity
10.Recognize the importance of solidarity in sociopolitical processes in promoting
national and global community development
11.Promote awareness of human rights in communities among the learners
12.Appraise the value of social equity and gender equality in the context of
participatory development
13.Analyze strategies of empowerment and advocacy through community action
14.Develop commitment and conviction to participatory development for
community well-being
15.Appraise the value of social equity and gender equality in the context of
participatory development
16.Explain the processes, methodologies, and approaches in applied social sciences
related to community study
17.Apply systematic social research methods in conducting a community study
18 Develop a community action plan using participatory approaches
19.Implement Community Action Initiatives
20.Appreciate the value of applying social sciences in community action
initiative
21. Synthesize the integrative experience of implementing community action
initiatives

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It is a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic
in common.
a. community b. solidarity c. communism d. issue
2.The community dimension that talks about the ways and means of production
and allocation of scarce and _useful goods.
a. beliefs-conceptual b. political c. aesthetic values d. economic
3. The community dimension that talks about what is good and bad, beautiful and
ugly, right and wrong.
a. beliefs-conceptual b. political c. aesthetic values d.economic

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 4. The community dimension that talks about the various ways and means of
allocating power, influence, and __decision making.
a. aesthetic values c.beliefs-conceptual
b. economic d. political
5. The community dimension that talks about the structures of ideas that people have
about the nature of the universe, the world around them
a. beliefs-conceptual c. aesthetic values
b. political d. economic
6. An approach in applying the term community that is concerned about the social
and spatial formation of social __organizations into small groups.
a. Cultural Studies and Anthropology c. Sociologist and Geographers ______
b. Social Movement d. Influence of Globalization
7.An approach in applying the term community that refers to ideas and belonging of
difference around issues such as
a. Cultural Studies and Anthropology c. Sociologist and Geographers
b. Social Movement d. Influence of Globalization
8. It is a manifestation of a collective grasp and ownership of a situation that generally
has an effect on them.
a. community b. solidarity c. communism d. issue

Chapter
1

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 CHAPTER Concepts and Perspectives
1 of Community

From a systems perspective, a community is similar to a living creature,

comprising different parts that represent specialized functions, activities, or
interests, each operating within specific boundaries to meet community needs.

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1 :COMMUNITY MAPPING

Make an illustrated map that describes your local community. Include in your map,
photos and images that represents people your community. Draw arrows, lines and
symbols to show the relationships between the people in your community.

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Processing Questions:
1. What does the activity say about your idea of a community?

2. Based on the activity, who makes -up your community?

3. Do you see yourself as a part of this community? How do you say so?

What’s New

You are required to study, give an emphasis, and analyze the words
or phrases listed in the box as you study the lesson. It will allow you
to gain deeper understanding with the lessons ahead of you.

Anthropology Social Psychology

Political Science Sociology

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ACTIVITY 2 : BUBBLE MAP

Try to come up with your own definition of the word community using 15
words.

COMMUNITY

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 What is It

DEFINING COMMUNITY
A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such
as norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense
of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood)
or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable relations that extend beyond
immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to their identity,
practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, society,
or humanity at large.

COMMUNITY IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE

1.SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

Political Science •Conceptualized the ideal (political) community •Polis (city-state) –
composed of various classes, each performing roles and functions in pursuit of communal
goals (Plato) •Aristotle – emphasized the role of political institutions in maintaining and
sustaining order within a community

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GEMEINSCHAFT GESSELSCHAFT
- ‘community’ - Is a community
with a tighter and more
comprehensive social entity
brought about by ‘variety of will’ -
‘society’ or ‘association’ - Is a group
where individual participate as
members driven solely by self-
interest SOCIOLOGY:

2.INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Social Institutions – arise from voluntary shared agreements among individuals
that generally also shape their behaviors as collective; perform functions of community
Institutions – established rules that ensure the regular and predictable behavior.

CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

Think about the country that you live in - what does it take to make that country
operate smoothly? The government takes care of law and order and businesses offer goods
and services in exchange for money, which both help to keep a society moving. But what
about other groups, like churches or the PTA, how do they contribute to your society? These
other groups actually play a very big part in how your country operates, and they fall into a
category known as civil society.

A civil society is comprised of groups or

organizations working in the interest of the
citizens but operating outside of the
governmental and for-profit sectors.
Organizations and institutions that make up
civil society include labor unions, non-profit
organizations, churches, and other service
agencies that provide an important service to
society but generally ask for very little in return.
Civil society is sometimes referred to as
the civil sector, a term that is used to
differentiate it from other sectors that comprise
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a functioning society. For example, the United States is made up of three sectors: the public
sector, which is the government and its branches; the private sector, which includes
businesses and corporations; and the civil sector, which includes the organizations that act
in the public's interest but are not motivated profit or government.

The term civil society has a range of meanings in contemporary usage. It is

sometimes considered to include the family and the private sphere, and referred to as
the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business.

The term civil society was used by writers such as Locke and Rousseau to describe
civil government as differentiated from natural society or the state of nature.

ORGANIC SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE (SOCIAL GRASSROOTS)

It refers to local or grassroots groups within a

particular locale that are driven and organized
because of community issues and concerns They
are referred to us GRASSROOTS because of their
local and capacity-building characteristics and
generally conceptualized as the formation of
neighborhood organizations ,rural or urban,
convened to pursue local development goals or
address particular issues such as crime prevention,
environmental protection or waste management.

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ACTIVITY 3 : ESSAY WRITING

_Guide question:
What is your role in your community?
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RUBRICS FOR WRITTEN WORK (ESSAY)

RAW SCORE INDICATORS
5 Write the essay nicely and it has appropriate content related to the topic.
4 Correct and appropriate but lack of neatness.
3 Wrong use of capitalization , punctuation marks, indention, etc.
2 Incomplete work.
1 Obviously copied the work of others.
0 Not submitting any work.

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COMMUNITY DYNAMICS and PROCESSES
The dominant analytical approaches in studying community dynamics and
processes focus on community power relations, leadership, and social change.
There are two kinds of Power Structure:Formal power is given to someone
related to the job and position held in the organization. Depending on the position,
authority varies and decision making power can be more or less. In other
hand, informal power is something a person earned himself.
In examining power relations within a community, it is necessary to investigate
the critical actors, stakeholders, and the resources they control. These actors can
broadly be distinguished as :
Legal-Authoritative decision –makers- are individuals or bodies whose
authority is based on formal rules and institutions.
Influencers on the other hand, are individuals or groups who do not have
direct authority, but capable of shaping decisions that affect the community. Thus,
influencers and propose, pressure and affect decisions made by legal – authoritative
decision makers.

LEADERSHIP

SOCIAL CHANGE

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ACTIVITY 4 : COMPARE AND CONTRAST

DIFFERENTIATE A BOSS FROM A LEADER

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TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITY
 Urban community is something which an individual thought as, an area with
high density of population, an area with the availability of basic requirements,
an area of good resources, the area has lots of opportunity of employment and
such an area which can be considered as life-giving for luxurious desires of
human.

 A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings,
and not very many people. A rural areas population density is very low. Many
people live in a city, or urban area. Their homes and businesses are located
very close to one another.

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  Suburban areas are lower density areas that separate residential and
commercial areas from one another. They are either part of a city or urban
area, or exist as a separate residential community within commuting distance
of a city. As cars became the dominant way for people to get to work, suburbs
grew.

ACTIVITY 5 : SKETCH AND STRETCH

Draw a picture of each type of community.

URBAN COMMUNITY

RURAL COMMUNITY

SUBURBAN
COMMUNITY

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 CHAPTER
2
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

What’s in

In this Chapter, you are expected to understand the importance of community engagement
as a citizen of your community. And try to answer the following questions as you go further
in this lesson:
Why community action is important within a community?

Community Engagement
It is the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people
affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues
affecting the well-being of those people It is a powerful vehicle for bringing about
environmental and behavioral changes that will improve the health of the community and
its members It often involves partnerships and coalitions that help mobilize resources and
influence systems, change relationships among partners, and serve as catalysts for
changing policies, programs, and practices (CDC, 1997).
'Community engagement' is therefore a strategic process with the specific purpose
of working with identified groups of people, whether they are connected by geographic
location, special interest, or affiliation to identify and address issues affecting their well-
being.
The linking of the term 'community' to 'engagement' serves to broaden the scope,
shifting the focus from the individual to the collective, with the associated implications for
inclusiveness to ensure consideration is made of the diversity that exists within any
community.

In practice, community engagement is a blend of science and art. The science

comes from sociology, public policy, political science, cultural anthropology, organizational
development, psychology, social- psychology and other disciplines. It also comes from
organizing concepts drawn from the literature on community participation, community
development, constituency building, and community psychology. The art comes from the
understanding, skill, and sensitivity used to apply and adapt the science in ways that fit the
community and the purposes of specific engagement efforts. The results of these efforts may
be defined differently and can encompass a broad range of structures (e.g., coalitions,
partnerships, collaborations), but they all fall under the general rubric of community
engagement and are treated similarly in this in our discussions (Adapted from ATSDR,
2011)

What’s More
You are required to study, give an emphasis, and analyze the words or
phrases listed in the box as you study the lesson. It will allow you to gain
deeper understanding with 16the lessons ahead of you.
  CITIZENSHIP
 SOLIDARITY
 ISSUE
 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

What I know
ACTIVITY 1: CONCEPT MAP

citizen

Processing Question:
What Is Your Idea Of The Word Citizen?

Core component of community engagement

SOLIDARITY IS DEFYING BOUNDARIES
These boundaries that get in the way can be race, nation, gender, wealth, indeed
anything upon which a segregation can be created. These walls create several effects. First,
that people on one side cannot experience the privileges that are largely arbitrarily
awarded to people on the other side. Second, that those on the latter side cannot
appreciate life on the first side, and therefore feel they are justified in their current
position. Third, it creates resentment, often both ways.
SOLIDARITY IS FROM COMMUNICATION TO ACTION
So Solidarity can flow from communication, but it requires action to become
a real and present force. Sometimes that action needs to be confrontational, to
improve the lot of one group relative to another, and sometimes it needs to be
conciliatory, taking down the walls and bringing people together as equals. I can’t
claim to be an expert in deciding which is which. What I do know is that without
Solidarity, without considering the needs of the other, without looking at what I
have and realizing there are few valid reasons that I should have so much when
others have so little, is a necessary step towards creating a more civilized world.
The endless pursuit of profit at the expense of others, or the maintenance of these
divides simply prevents us from relating to each other properly as humans. As
such, they prevent us from experiencing life in all its fullness.

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  Solidarity
Any time you express support of a group or the people in it, you're showing solidarity
with them. The word is used most often to describe a sense of unity with a political group,
a group of striking workers, or people who have been deprived of their rights in some way.
 Citizenship
It is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law of a sovereign state
as a member of or belonging to the state. ... Recognition by a state as a citizen generally
carries with it recognition of civil, political, and social rights which are not afforded to non-
citizens.

COMMUNITY ACTION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Community engagement is expressed through community action. Community

action is about putting communities at the heart of their own local services. Involving
communities in the design and delivery of services can help to achieve a number of
objectives, including: Maintaining and creating wealth – for example helping people into
employment or developing community enterprises.

COMMUNITY ACTION IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

PERSPECTIVE
Every social science discipline emphasize a particular view toward an action.
Anthropology is the study of human beings and their ancestors through time in
terms of physical characteristics, environmental and social relations, and culture.
On the other hand, sociology is the study of human society at a given period in
time. Anthropology covers all characteristics of humanity, including physiology and
evolutionary origins while sociology focuses on social relationships. While,Political
science, occasionally called politology, is a social science which deals with systems
of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts,
associated constitutions and political behavior.[

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Community development is a process where people come together to take

action on what's important to them. At its heart, community development is rooted
in the belief that all people should have access to health, wellbeing, wealth, justice
and opportunity.
Some of the characteristics of the community development process are
as follows: community member involvement in problem-solving and decision-
making; a learning process that is geared towards a change in behaviour and
requires learning by doing; participants who increase their competence and capacity
to manage their own affairs; and a grass-roots approach to social action (Draper,
1971). The success of the community development process can be judged in terms
of the community=s capacity building, group development and empowerment, and
the achievement of social, economic, cultural and environmental targets and objects
(Lovett, 1997).

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ACTIVITY 2: PUTTING MYSELF IN THE SITUATION

Instead of role playing, which is not possible to perform during his time of
pandemic try to put yourself in a situation of someone. Continue the statement
below using the given guide questions:

IF I am one of the Barangay officials of our community, I will

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GUIDE QUESTION:

1. As one of the barangay officials, what are my community goal/

plans regarding the following issues related to covid 19
Pandemic:
Livelihood
Safety
Scarcity

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ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF COMMUNITIES

What Is Community Issue? An issue is a subject matter that people argue

about or discuss. Examples are: community health, waste disposal, public safety and
livelihood. On the other hand, community problems are conditions or qualification of
issues that are undesired by members of communities.
Below are examples of community problems:
Example Community Problems: Adolescent pregnancy, access to clean drinking
water, child abuse and neglect, crime, domestic violence, drug use, pollution,
mismanagement of resources, lack of funding for schools and services, ethnic
conflict, health disparities, HIV/ AIDS, Covid 19- pandemic(the latest),hunger,
inadequate emergency services, inequality, jobs, lack of affordable housing,
poverty, transportation, violence, racism and police brutality.

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 3: What’s the latest? (essay writing)

What is the latest Community problem in your community and how can you be
a part of the solution?(200 words essay)
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Assessment

I. TRUE OR FALSE. Read each statements carefully. Write T if the statement is

true and F if it is not.
1. Community is a collection of people in a particular territory.
2. Collection of people is always synonymous with community.
3. The daily operations in the community constitute to a feeling of
isolation.
4. Society is another term for community.
5. Being a part of a community develops a sense of belongingness
among individuals.

II. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being asked in each statement. Write your
answer on the space provided.
1. It is defined as collection of people in a
geographical area.
2. It is the study of society and social interactions.
_____ 3. An element of a community which pertains to a
geographical area which pertains to a

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 geographical area which can be under the
jurisdiction of the government.
4. It is the study of man.
5. It is defined as an established organization.

III. MATCHNG TYPE. Match column A to Column B. Write the letter of your answer
on the space provided.

A. Terms B. Description / Definition

a. Slums 1. Pertains to highly industrialize

b. Urban communities.
c. Social Status 2. Consists of agricultural lands, also
d. Rural referred as pre-industrial
e. Subdivision f. Community communities.
3. A densely populated area usually
crowded and has dirty run-down
housing.
4. An area of land that has been divided on
smaller areas on which houses were built.
5. Refers to the social standing of an
individual.

IV. ESSAY (5 pts. each)

1.As a student how can you help lessen the diversity issues now in our society?

2. What type of leadership do you think is suitable in your community? And why did
you choose that type of leadership?

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ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES:

Survey Questionnaire for the Involvement of Students in Community Action*

Dear Student,

This survey intends to determine your initial level of involvement as students in community
engagement.
In view of this, your utmost honesty, cooperation, and participation by answering all the
items the
needed information in this questionnaire are hereby requested. Rest assured that your
answers will be treated confidentially and will be used solely for enriching the lesson.
Your cooperation will be highly appreciated.

Truly yours,

Teacher

Part I. Reasons for Involvement

Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your reasons for prospective involvement in a
community action by encircling the appropriate score. Choose your answer from the listed
alternatives:

Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Interpretation

Rating
4.21 – 5.00 5 Highly Considered
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often
Always Considered
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Considered
Less Considered
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Considered

Indicators Scale
1. Make important networking contacts 5 4 3 2 1
2. Learn or develop skills 5 4 3 2 1
3. Teach your skills to others 5 4 3 2 1
4. Enhance your résumé 5 4 3 2 1
5. Gain work experience 5 4 3 2 1
6. Build self-esteem and self-confidence 5 4 3 2 1
7. Improve your health 5 4 3 2 1
8. Meet new people 5 4 3 2 1
9. Feel needed and valued 5 4 3 2 1
10. Express gratitude for help you may have received in the past from
an organization 5 4 3 2 1
11. Communicate to others that you are ambitious, enthusiastic and
care about the community 5 4 3 2 1
12. Make a difference in someone’s life 5 4 3 2 1
13. Improves the likelihood you’re your children will volunteer as an 5 4 3 2 1
14.
adultOther 5 4 3 2 1

Part II. Interests

Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your interests for having a prospective
involvement in a community action by encircling the appropriate score. Choose your answer
from the listed alternatives:

Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Interpretation

Rating
4.21 – 5.00 5 2 Highly Interested
3.41 – 4.20 4 3 Often
Always Interested
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Interested
Less Interested
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Interested
Indicators Scale
1. Politics 5 4 3 2 1
2. Energy / Environment 5 4 3 2 1
3. Advocacy 5 4 3 2 1
4. Education 5 4 3 2 1
5. Health Care 5 4 3 2 1
6. Housing / Homeless 5 4 3 2 1
7. Veterans 5 4 3 2 1
8. Children 5 4 3 2 1
9. Animals 5 4 3 2 1
10. Conservation 5 4 3 2 1
11. Safety and Security 5 4 3 2 1
12. Other 5 4 3 2 1

Part III. Skills

Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your skills beneficial in conducting a
prospective involvement in a community action by encircling the appropriate
score. Choose your answer from the listed alternatives:

Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Interpretation

Rating
4.21 – 5.00 5 Highly Skilled
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often
Always Skilled
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Skilled
Less Skilled
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Skilled

Indicators Scale
1. Computer literate 5 4 3 2 1
2. Typing 5 4 3 2 1
3. Sales 5 4 3 2 1
4. Construction 5 4 3 2 1
5. Teaching 5 4 3 2 1
6. Proficient in American Sign Language 5 4 3 2 1
7. Engine Repair 5 4 3 2 1
8. Management 5 4 3 2 1
9. Artistic 5 4 3 2 1
10. Athletic 5 4 3 2 1
11. Cooking 5 4 3 2 1
12. Other 5 4 3 2 1

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Part IV. Special Needs
Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your special needs in conducting a
prospective involvement in a community action by encircling the appropriate
score. Choose your answer from the listed alternatives:

Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Interpretation

Rating
4.21 – 5.00 5 Highly Needed
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often
Always Needed
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Needed
Less Needed
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Needed

Indicators Scale
1. No crowds/ loud noises 5 4 3 2 1
2. Accessibility 5 4 3 2 1
3. Medical Needs – equipment, medicines, etc. 5 4 3 2 1
4. Stamina 5 4 3 2 1
5. Other 5 4 3 2 1

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References:

Community Engagement , Solidarity And Citizenship

Jalton G. Taguibao et. Al
Copyright 2016

DK, (2015). The Politics Book. Retrieved from

https://wyattfyde.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/the-politics-book-
big-ideas-simply-explained.pdf

History of Anthropology (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-
documents/5717528c8ae36ce69422587d_INFIEP_304/2/ET/304-2-
ET-V1-S1 file1.pdf

Kuper, Adam. (2007). Anthropology. In P. Bauer (5th Ed.), Encyclopedia

Britannica. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology

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