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Lecture 15

This document discusses fluorescence and phosphorescence. It explains that fluorescence occurs when electrons in excited states return to lower vibrational states within the ground electronic state on a nanosecond timescale. Phosphorescence occurs on a longer timescale of minutes or hours as it involves a transition between triplet states. It also describes fluorescence quenching which is the decrease in fluorescence intensity due to molecular interactions, and how lasers generate light through stimulated emission requiring a population inversion.

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Maria Zvolinskaya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Lecture 15

This document discusses fluorescence and phosphorescence. It explains that fluorescence occurs when electrons in excited states return to lower vibrational states within the ground electronic state on a nanosecond timescale. Phosphorescence occurs on a longer timescale of minutes or hours as it involves a transition between triplet states. It also describes fluorescence quenching which is the decrease in fluorescence intensity due to molecular interactions, and how lasers generate light through stimulated emission requiring a population inversion.

Uploaded by

Maria Zvolinskaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vision

π-to-π
π*

rhodopsin

n2h2
En = Nils Walter: Chem 260
8mL2
Fluorescence
Jablonski diagram
Dissipation in
environment as
heat = internal
conversion
Vibrational states
Excited
electronic state

fsec nsec
If colliding
molecules cannot
accept this larger
energy
Vibrational states

Ground Nils Walter: Chem 260


electronic state
Fluorescence quenching
→ M + hν
ν2(fluorescence, kf)
internal ν1 → M* → M + heat (internal conversion, ki)
M + hν
conversion + Q → M + Q*
→ M + Q + heat (quenching, kQ)

fsec Molecular species


(e.g., H2O, I-) with
suitable energy
gaps can take up 1
this energy kf + ki = k f + ki + kQ [Q ]
Þ quenching τ
of fluorescence
Nils Walter: Chem 260
Fluorescence quenching:
An example from actual research
6
6 R0
1 æ R0 ö E ET = 6
kT = ç ÷ r + R0
6
τD è r ø Efficiency
Rate of energy transfer

ß
The molecular dynamics of a
single biomolecule can be
observed by modern
Green: Donor fluorophore
Red: Acceptor fluorophore fluorescence techniques
Nils Walter: Chem 260
Phosphorescence
radiationless

fsec min, hours

→Singlet state transition


Triplet→
is NOT allowed Þ takes long

Nils Walter: Chem 260


Lasers: Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation
equilibrium population

inverted population pumping

Population
inversion
laser effect

Nils Walter: Chem 260

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