Mod 9 Introduction To CISCO IOS ICCNIOS003

CETTM MTNL
Introduction to Cisco IOS

Module Id :ICCNIOS003
Introduction to Cisco IOS 1

CETTM
Topics Covered MTNL
➼ Router
➼ Router IOS
➼ Bringing up Router
➼ Configuring CISCO IOS
➼ Basic commands
➼ Setting passwords
➼ How to assign IP address
➼ Setup mode of Router

CETTM
Router MTNL
 Router is a device that performs

 Controlled movement of packets
 Selection of best path

CETTM
Router… MTNL
Cisco Router Series

CETTM
Router… MTNL
Router in Lab : Cisco 2811 Router
#show flash

CETTM
Router… MTNL
A Cisco 2501 router
The 2501 router has two serial interfaces:

one for WAN connection and one
Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection
for a 10Mbps Ethernet network connection.
This router also has one console and one
auxiliary connection via RJ-45 connectors.

CETTM
Router… MTNL
A Cisco 2600 router

CETTM Cisco Router IOS MTNL
Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating

System) is the software used on the vast
majority of Cisco Systems routers and all
current Cisco network switches.
The Cisco Internetwork Operating System

(IOS) is the kernel of Cisco routers and
most switches.

CETTM
Cisco Router IOS… MTNL
Functions of Cisco Router IOS
• Carrying network protocols and functions.

• Connecting high-speed traffic between
devices.
• Adding security to control access and stop
unauthorized network use.
• Providing scalability for ease of network
growth and redundancy.
• Supplying network reliability for connecting
to network resources.
CETTM
Cisco Router IOS… MTNL
Latest Cisco IOS Version today is 15.0

Cisco skipped version 13.0 and 14.0
Cisco Lab 2811 Router has IOS version

12.4(3f)
IOS Image name is : c2801-ipbasek9-
mz.151-1.XB.bin

CETTM Cisco Router IOS… MTNL
IOS file stored in flash memory

c3725-entbase-mz.124-6.T.bin
Hardware
Feature set
Memory location
Compression format
Maintenance release
Individual release
T-release

CETTM
Connecting to a Cisco Router MTNL
The Cisco IOS can be accessed
Out-of-Band
through the console port of a router,
from a modem into the auxiliary (or Aux)
port
In-Band
through Telnet
Web Based
– SDM( Security Device manager)
– Cisco Network Assistant

CETTM
Bringing Up a Router MTNL
Software Components in Memory

CETTM
Bringing Up a Router… MTNL
Router Boot Process – At a Glance

1. ROM
1. POST 1, 2
2. Bootstrap code executed
3. Check Configuration 3
Register value (NVRAM)
0 = ROM Monitor mode 4
1 = ROM IOS
2 - 15 = startup-config in NVRAM
2. Check for IOS boot system commands in startup-config file (NVRAM)
If boot system commands in startup-config
a. Run boot system commands in order they appear in startup-config
to locate the IOS
b If boot system commands fail, use default fallback sequence to
locate the IOS (Flash, TFTP, ROM)

CETTM
• Locate and load IOS, Default fallback sequence: No IOS

boot system commands in startup-config
a. Flash (sequential)
b. TFTP server (netboot) - The router uses the configuration
register value to form a filename from which to boot a
default system image stored on a network server.
c. ROM (partial IOS) or keep retrying TFTP depending upon
router model
- If no IOS located, get partial IOS version from ROM
4. Locate and load startup-config

a. If startup-config found, copy to running-config
b. If startup-config not found, prompt for setup-mode
c. If setup-mode bypassed, create a “skeleton” default
running-config (no startup-config)

CETTM
Router Power-on Boot Sequence

CETTM
Router Power-On/Bootup Sequence

➼ Summary
● Perform power-on self test (POST).
● Load and run bootstrap code.
● Find the Cisco IOS software.
● Load the Cisco IOS software.
● Find the configuration.
● Load the configuration.
● Run the configured Cisco IOS software

CETTM
Configuring Cisco IOS MTNL
➼ Cisco IOS can be configured in two

ways
● Setup mode
● Command line Interface (CLI)

CETTM
Overview of Router Modes MTNL

CETTM
CLI Prompts MTNL
Router>
Router# privilidge mode
Router(config)# config mode
Router(config-if)# Interface mode
Router(Config-subif)# Sub-interface mode
Router(config-controller) # controller mode
Router(config-line)# line mode
Router(config-router)# Router prompt
● ? at the CLI prompt gives list of all the command

available from that prompt
● You can complete a command string by entering the
unique character string, then pressing the Tab key
CETTM
Editing and Help Features MTNL
Router# clok
Translating "CLOK"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router# cl?
clear clock
Router# clock
• Symbolic Translation
% Incomplete command.
• Command Prompting
Router# clock ?
set Set the time and date • Last Command Recall
Router# clock set
Router# <Ctrl-P>clock set ?

hh:mm:ss Current Time

CETTM
Editing and Help features… MTNL
Router# clock set 19:56:00

clock set 19:56:00 ? • Command

<1-31> Day of the month
MONTH Month of the year
Prompting
clock set 19:56:00 04 8

• Syntax Checking
^
% Invalid input detected at the '^' marker
• Command
Prompting
clock set 19:56:00 04 August
clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?

<1993-2035> Year

CETTM
Enhanced Editing Commands

CETTM
Router-Command History

CETTM
Gathering Basic Routing information MTNL
•show version command

•show diag command

CETTM
Gathering Basic Routing Info… MTNL
Router#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-JS-M), Version 12.0(7a),
RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Feb-02 01:48 by pwade
Image text-base: 0x80008088, data-base: 0x80B0404C
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE

SOFTWARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 1 minute

System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:c2600-js-mz.120-7a.bin"
CETTM
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision

0x300) with 53248K/12288K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD06090BMD
(2719249260)
M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
SuperLAT software (copyright 1990 by
Meridian Technology Corp).
TN3270 Emulation software.

CETTM
Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.1.

1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration
memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash
(Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102

CETTM MTNL
Router and Switch

Administrative Functions

CETTM
Hostname & Banners MTNL

CETTM
Setting Passwords MTNL
 There are five passwords used to secure

your Cisco routers:
 Privilege Mode Password
– enable password
– enable secret.
 User Mode Password
– console
– auxiliary
– telnet (VTY)

CETTM
Enable Passwords MTNL
• enable and secret passwords must be

different for security reasons.

CETTM
Auxiliary Password MTNL
Router#config t
Router(config)#line aux ?
<0-0> First Line number
Router(config)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)#password mypassword
Router(config-line)#login

CETTM
Console Password MTNL
Router#config t
Router(config)#line console ?
Router(config)#line console 0
• Prevents console session timeout
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
• Redisplays interrupted console input

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

CETTM
Telnet Password MTNL
Router#config t
Router(config)#line vty 0 ?
Router(config)#line vty 0 4

CETTM
Encrypting Your Passwords MTNL
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#service password-encryption
Router(config)#^Z
✔ Note:- If you set your passwords and then

turn on the service password-encryption
command, you’ve got to perform a show
running config before you turn off the
encryption service, or your passwords will
not be encrypted
CETTM
Description MTNL

CETTM
Router Interfaces MTNL
Router(config)#interface type number

Router(config-if)#
• type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi,

loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, tunnel, and so on
• number is used to identify individual interfaces
Router(config)#interface type slot/port

Router(config-if)#
• For modular routers, selects an interface

Router(config-if)#exit
• Quits from current interface configuration mode

CETTM
Bringing Up an Interface MTNL
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface serial 0
Router(config-if)#shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to
administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0,
changed state to down
Router#configure terminal
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0,
changed state to up
Enables an interface that is administratively shut down
Configuring IP Address on an Interface
CETTM MTNL
router01#configure terminal
router01(config)#interface ethernet 0
router01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
router01(config-if)#no shutdown
router01(config-if)#exit

CETTM
Serial Interface Commands MTNL
Enter Global Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#
Configuration Mode
Specify Interface Router(config-if)#
Set Clock Rate Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000

(on DCE interfaces only) Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64
Set Bandwidth
Router(config-if)#exit
(recommended) Router(config)#exit
Router#

CETTM
Determining Serial Cable type MTNL
Router#show controller serial 0

HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
. V.35 DTE Cable
• Shows the cable type of serial cables

CETTM
Viewing Configuration MTNL
In RAM In NVRAM
router01#show running-config
router01#show startup-config
Building configuration...
Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes
!
Current configuration:
version 12.0
!
!
version 12.0
-- More --
!
-- More --
• Displays the current and saved

configuration
CETTM
Saving Configuration MTNL

CETTM
Verification MTNL
 By checking connectivity : ping, traceroute,

telnet
 Show command
● show interface
● show interface fastethernet0/0
● show interface serial 0/0
● show ip interface brief
● show protocols
● show controllers
CETTM
Interpreting the Interface Status MTNL

Verifying a Serial Interface Configuration
CETTM MTNL
Router#show interface serial 0

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely
255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set
(10 sec)
Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Verifying a Serial Interface Configuration
CETTM MTNL
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0

Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
(output omitted)

Serial Interface show controller Command
CETTM MTNL
Router#show controller serial 0

HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
.
• Shows the cable type of serial cables

CETTM MTNL
Setup Mode

Setup: The Initial Configuration Dialog MTNL
CETTM
Router#setup
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: yes
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity

for management of the system, extended setup will ask you
to configure each interface on the system
Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: no

CETTM
Setup Interface Summary MTNL
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
BRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Interfaces Found During Startup

CETTM
Setup Initial Global Parameters MTNL
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Router]:router01
The enable secret is a password used to protect access to

privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after
entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
Enter enable secret: mtnlsec
The enable password is used when you do not specify an

enable secret password, with some older software versions, and
some boot images.
Enter enable password: mtnlpass
The virtual terminal password is used to protect

access to the router over a network interface.
Enter virtual terminal password: mtnltel
Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:

CETTM
Setup Interface Parameters MTNL
BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured

Valid switch types are :
[0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI.
[1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany
[2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada
[3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada
[4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe
[5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type
[6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia
[7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan
[8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France
Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:
Configuring interface parameters:
Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:
Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: yes
Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes
IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33
Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0
Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24
Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:

CETTM
Cisco Routers Series MTNL
 Cisco 12000 Series Routers

 Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers
 Cisco 3700 Series Multiservice Access Routers
 Cisco 3600 Series Multiservice Platforms
 Cisco 3200 Series Wireless and Mobile Routers
 Cisco 2600 Series Multiservice Platforms
 Cisco 1700 Series Modular Access Routers
CETTM
A Deployment Scenario MTNL

CETTM
Router Startup Sequence MTNL
 The purpose of the router power-on/bootup sequence is

to not only verify the operation of hardware but also load
the correct IOS and configuration file.
 The router follow a predefined set of steps when
booting, listed below:
– When the router is first powered-on, it executes the

Power-on self test or POST
• These diagnostics are located in ROM and verify
the proper operation of the router’s hardware
– If the router passes the POST, the bootstrap loader in

ROM executes
• The bootstrap loader provides capability to load the IOS
CETTM
Router Startup Sequence MTNL
– Now the router is ready to load the operating

system, Cisco’s IOS
• The IOS can be found in several different
places, flash, TFTP, or ROM. The boot field of
the configuration register will indicate the
location of the IOS image
– After the operating system is loaded and
operational, the configuration file from NVRAM is
then loaded and executed
• If you erase the configuration from NVRAM you
can observe the process of first checking for a
TFTP server and then entering a question driven
setup menu when the TFTP server is not found
• Use Control <C> to exit the setup menu
CETTM
Default Sequence MTNL

CETTM
Setting Passwords MTNL

CETTM
Console Password MTNL
Router(config)# line console ?

Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)# password mypassword
Router(config-line)# login
• Prevents console session timeout

Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
• Redisplays interrupted console input

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

CETTM
Summary MTNL
➼ We came to know that how a router look like and its

booting sequence .
➼ Network devices are configured using CLI mode.
➼ To save the configuration running-config is saved to
startup-config.
➼ There are enable, console, telnet , Auxiliary and
secret passwords.
➼ IP address are always assigned to an interface.
➼ When the router is new there is only one way to
configure it is using console.
➼ Basic commands to view the configuration.

CETTM
Reference MTNL
➼ en.wikipedia.org
➼ cisco.com
➼ http://www.ccnaguru.com/bringing-up-a-
router.html
➼ Sybex CCNA 640-802 6th Edition.pdf

CETTM MTNL
THIS SLIDE IS KEPT INTENTIONALLY BLANK

CETTM MTNL

CETTM MTNL

Mod 9 Introduction To CISCO IOS ICCNIOS003

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CETTM MTNL

Introduction to Cisco IOS

Introduction to Cisco IOS 1

Introduction to Cisco IOS 2

 Router is a device that performs

Introduction to Cisco IOS 3

Cisco Router Series

Introduction to Cisco IOS 4

Router in Lab : Cisco 2811 Router

Introduction to Cisco IOS 5

A Cisco 2501 router

The 2501 router has two serial interfaces:

Introduction to Cisco IOS 6

A Cisco 2600 router

Introduction to Cisco IOS 7

Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating

The Cisco Internetwork Operating System

Introduction to Cisco IOS 8

Functions of Cisco Router IOS

• Carrying network protocols and functions.

Latest Cisco IOS Version today is 15.0

Cisco Lab 2811 Router has IOS version

Introduction to Cisco IOS 10

IOS file stored in flash memory

Introduction to Cisco IOS 11

The Cisco IOS can be accessed

Introduction to Cisco IOS 12

Software Components in Memory

Introduction to Cisco IOS 13

Router Boot Process – At a Glance

Introduction to Cisco IOS 14

• Locate and load IOS, Default fallback sequence: No IOS

4. Locate and load startup-config

Introduction to Cisco IOS 15

Router Power-on Boot Sequence

Introduction to Cisco IOS 16

Router Power-On/Bootup Sequence

Introduction to Cisco IOS 17

➼ Cisco IOS can be configured in two

Introduction to Cisco IOS 18

Introduction to Cisco IOS 19

● ? at the CLI prompt gives list of all the command

Router# <Ctrl-P>clock set ?

Introduction to Cisco IOS 21

Router# clock set 19:56:00

clock set 19:56:00 ? • Command

clock set 19:56:00 04 8

clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?

Introduction to Cisco IOS 22

Enhanced Editing Commands

Introduction to Cisco IOS 23

Introduction to Cisco IOS 24

•show version command

Introduction to Cisco IOS 25

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE

Router uptime is 1 minute

cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision

Introduction to Cisco IOS 27

Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.1.