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    Disease in Coconut

    Uploaded by

    Karthick Sunitha
    This document summarizes the development of an integrated pest management package for the coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis) in Southern India. Key points include: 1) The mite was first reported in India in 1998 and causes 10-30% loss in coconut yields. 2) An IPM package was developed including ecofriendly pesticides, insecticides, biological control agents, and improved agronomic practices. 3) Field testing found the IPM package reduced mite populations by 50.6% and increased coconut yields by 45.1% compared to the control. 4) Residue analysis found the recommended insecticides safe with waiting periods before harvest.

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    Disease in Coconut

    Uploaded by

    Karthick Sunitha
    57 views28 pages
    This document summarizes the development of an integrated pest management package for the coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis) in Southern India. Key points include: 1) The mite was first reported in India in 1998 and causes 10-30% loss in coconut yields. 2) An IPM package was developed including ecofriendly pesticides, insecticides, biological control agents, and improved agronomic practices. 3) Field testing found the IPM package reduced mite populations by 50.6% and increased coconut yields by 45.1% compared to the control. 4) Residue analysis found the recommended insecticides safe with waiting periods before harvest.

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    This document summarizes the development of an integrated pest management package for the coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis) in Southern India. Key points include: 1) The mite was first reported in India in 1998 and causes 10-30% loss in coconut yields. 2) An IPM package was developed including ecofriendly pesticides, insecticides, biological control agents, and improved agronomic practices. 3) Field testing found the IPM package reduced mite populations by 50.6% and increased coconut yields by 45.1% compared to the control. 4) Residue analysis found the recommended insecticides safe with waiting periods before harvest.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views28 pages

    Disease in Coconut

    Uploaded by

    Karthick Sunitha
    This document summarizes the development of an integrated pest management package for the coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis) in Southern India. Key points include: 1) The mite was first reported in India in 1998 and causes 10-30% loss in coconut yields. 2) An IPM package was developed including ecofriendly pesticides, insecticides, biological control agents, and improved agronomic practices. 3) Field testing found the IPM package reduced mite populations by 50.6% and increased coconut yields by 45.1% compared to the control. 4) Residue analysis found the recommended insecticides safe with waiting periods before harvest.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

    PACKAGE FOR THE ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria guerreronis


    KEIFER) OF COCONUT IN SOUTHERN STATES”

    Dr.S. Palanisamy
    Professor & Head
    Dept. of Entomology
    TNAU, Coimbatore
    HISTORY / INTRODUCTION

    India Tamil Nadu (2000 - 01)

    Total area 1.78 m. ha 0.32 m. ha

    Production 13,000 m. nuts 3,158 m. nuts

    Total trees affected 138.3 m. 0.15 m.


    Loss in copra yield 10 - 30 %

    COCONUT ERIOPHYID MITE, Aceria guerreronis K.


    (Eriophyidae: Acari)
    • First report - Guerrero State in Mexico in 1965.
    • In India first report - Ernakulam district of Kerala and Pollachi
    Taluk in Tamil Nadu in 1998.

    Distribution : Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,


    Lakshadweep Islands and Tamil Nadu and all
    the major coconut growing States
    Triangular yellow patch
    Young nuts showing damage symptoms
    Gummy exudation-splits
    Severely infested nuts at harvest
    A colony of eriophyid mite
    Total life cycle : 7-9 days
    Egg period : 2.5 - 4 days
    Protonymph : 2 - 3 days
    Deutonymph : 2 - 3 days
    Adult mite : length 200-250µ
    : width 36-52 µ
    Bio ecology
    • Time of entry of mites into the bracts about
    50 days after the opening of the
    inflorescence

    • Palms of all ages and nut colour were


    infested

    • A few mites were trapped in sticky traps set


    at crown level- Air borne
    Population density of Aceria guerreronis
    80
    in nuts of different age
    73

    70
    61
    60
    Number of mites / 4 sq. mm

    50

    39
    40

    30
    24
    20
    20

    9
    10

    0
    1 2 3 4 5 6
    Age of nuts (in months) (after fertilization)
    Palmyra, Borassus flabellifer
    new alternate host

    Healthy Infested
    Screening of coconut germplasms and
    hybrids against eriophyid mite
    Centre No. of Tolerant Mean
    Genotypes genotypes grade
    Aliyarnagar 27 Kenthali 1.1
    Gangabondam 2.2

    Veppankulam 33 Gangabondam 2.0

    TNAU 30 Philippines 2.0


    ordinary
    Predatory mites

    Amblyseius Bdella sp.


    paspalivorus (Bdellidae)
    ( Phytoseiidae )

    • Predatory potential low


    Effect of Ecofriendly agents against Mite
    (Spot application)
    Mean % reduction in
    Treatments mite population after
    3 rounds
    Neem oil 3 % 65
    Neem oil + Garlic 63
    Emulsion 2%
    Azadirachtin 1% 66
    (5 ml/lit.)
    FORS( 40 g/litre) 59
    Effect of Azadirachtin against Mite
    (Root feeding)
    Mean % reduction
    Treatments in mite population
    after two rounds
    Neemazal 5% 63
    (7.5 ml+7.5 ml.)
    Econeem plus 1% 54
    (7.5 ml.+ 7.5 ml. water)
    Econeem plus 1% 60
    (10 ml.+ 10 ml. water)
    Effect of Insecticides against Mite
    (Spot Application)
    Acaricide / Insecticide Mean % reduction in
    (ml. or g / lit) mite population after
    3 rounds
    Dicofol 18.5 EC (6 ml ) 62.0
    Monocrotophos 36 SL(5ml) 70.6
    Triazophos 40 EC (5ml) 73.7
    Carbosulfan 25 EC (5 ml) 68.9
    Wettable Sulphur 80 WP (6g) 61.8
    Ethion 50 EC (4 ml) 58.0
    Effect of Insecticides against Mite
    (Root Feeding)

    Mean % reduction in
    Acaricide / Insecticide mite Population after
    two rounds
    Monocrotophos 36 SL 73
    (15ml +15 ml water/ tree)
    Triazophos 40 EC 71
    (15ml +15 ml water/ tree)
    Carbosulfan 25 EC 79
    (15ml +15 ml water/ tree)
    Hirsutella thompsonii infected mite
    Effect of mycohit against mite
    (after 5 rounds*)
    Mite Damage
    Treatment population/ grade index
    4 sq.mm.** at harvest
    Mycohit 29.32 2.25
    Control 30.20 2.15
    *Five sprays at 7 days interval ;
    ** 15 days after last spraying
    IPM Package
    (Agronomic practices)
    • Application of recommended dose of N (urea – 1.3 kg) and P (Super
    phosphate- 2kg) and increased dose of K (MoP-3.5kg) /tree/year

    • Application of FYM 50 Kg and neem cake 5 Kg/tree/year

    • Soil application of micronutrients as per local recommendation


    Borax 50 g/tree/year
    Gypsum 1.0 Kg/tree/year
    Magnesium sulphate 0.5 Kg/tree/year
    (or)
    TNAU Micronutrient solution – 200 ml / tree

    • Basin cultivation of a green manure crop like sunnhemp, cowpea,


    calapagonium etc. and incorporating insitu.

    • Judicious irrigation management and inter crop cultivation


    Mulching of coconut leaves and husk in the basin
    Recycling of bio-mass generated in the coconut ecosystem.
    IPM Package
    (Plant protection)

    • Spot (Topical) application of any one of the following ecofriendly


    agents preferably during non rainy season (three sprays/year).

    Azadirachtin 10000 ppm (1%) 5.0 ml/lit. of water


    Neem oil 3% -30m1/lit of water
    Neem oil (2%) + garlic extract (2%) /lit of water

    • Root feeding can be adopted wherever spraying is difficult.

    Azadirachtin 5% 7.5 ml.+7.5 ml. of water/ tree


    (or)
    Azadirachtin 1% 10 ml.+10 ml. of water/ tree
    Mite population
    Pooled mean of 3 locations

    Mite Population
    (after two years)
    Treatments
    No./4 sq. % reduction
    mm over control
    IPM
    package
    15.6 50.6
    Control 31.6 -
    Per cent green nut damage
    (Pooled mean of bunch 4,5 and 6)

    % damage
    Treatments After II
    Pre
    year
    IPM
    64.5 42.6
    package
    Control 71.6 79.9
    Damage grade at
    harvest
    MGI
    Treatments After 2
    Pre
    yrs
    IPM package 4.1 2.7
    Control 4.2 4.5

    G1: No damage G2: 1 – 10% G3: 11-25% G4: 26-50% G5: >50 %
    Nut Yield
    Yield
    (nut/palm/year) % increase
    Treatments in yield over
    Pre II year control

    IPM
    package
    98 148 45.1

    Control 100 102 -


    Benefit Cost
    Analysis
    After two
    Treatment
    years
    IPM
    3.9
    package
    Residue
    Residue profile
    profile of
    of insecticides
    insecticides applied
    applied by
    by
    root
    root feeding
    feeding @@ 15
    15 ml
    ml +
    + 15
    15 ml
    ml of
    of water
    water

    Max. Residue observed


    (µg/g)- days Waiting
    MRL
    Insecticide Location period
    (µg/g)
    Water kernel (days)
    30 45 30 45
    Monocrotophos Aliyarnagar 0.05 BDL 0.28 BDL
    45 0.01

    Triazophos Aliyarnagar 0.06 BDL 0.28 BDL


    60 0.01

    Profenophos Bhavanisagar 0.04 BDL 0.19 BDL


    60 0.01

    BDL – Below Detectable Level

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