Pelton Turbine: ME 337 Fluid Mechanics Lab

Pelton
Turbine
ME‐337 Fluid Mechanics Lab
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of E&ME, NUST Pakistan
Pelton Turbine
Objective:
• To determine the torque and the power

produced by a pelton turbine.
Pelton Turbine
Application:
• Calculation of available electrical power?
• Turbines in Power Plants?
• Coupling linkage of turbine with alternator?

Pelton Turbine
Pelton Turbine
Theory:
• The unit is designed for training and experimentation. It is used for
demonstration purposes relating to the principle of functioning of a
pelton turbine. The orifice of the injection nozzle can be altered by
axial adjustment of the nozzle valve. Load can be placed on the
turbine with an adjustable, mechanical braking device.
• The main parts of the pelton turbine are;
1. Nozzle and flow regulating arrangement

2. Runner and buckets
3. Casing
4. Braking jet
Pelton Turbine
1. Adjustable braking
device
2. Spring balance
3. Nozzle valve
4. Nozzle inlet
5. Turbine housing
6. Nozzle adjustment
7. Outlet through open
housing
8. Pelton wheel
9. Base plate
Pelton Turbine
Theory:
• Hydraulic machines are defined as those machines which
convert either hydraulic energy (energy possessed by water)
into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into hydraulic
energy.
• Turbines are defined as hydraulic machines which convert
hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
• Hydraulic turbines are of different types according to
specifications and pelton wheel is one of the types of hydraulic
turbines.
Pelton Turbine
Pelton wheel turbine:
• The pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine.

The water strikes the bucket along the tangent of the runner.
The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic
energy.
• The pressure at the inlet and outlet is atmospheric. The turbine

is used for high heads.
Pelton Turbine
Nozzle and flow regulating arrangement:
• The amount of water striking the buckets of the runner is
controlled by providing a spear in the nozzle. The spear is a
conical needle which is operated by moving a adjuster screw
in an axial direction. When the spear is pushed forward into
the nozzle the amount of water striking the runner is reduced.
On the other hand, if the spear is pushed back, the amount of
water striking the runner increases.
Pelton Turbine
Runner with buckets:
• It consists of a circular disc on the periphery of which a number of buckets
evenly spaced are fixed. The shape of the buckets is of double
hemispherical cup or bowl. Each bucket is divided into two hemispherical
parts by a dividing wall which is known as splitter.
Casing:
• The function of the casing is to prevent the splashing of the water and to
discharge water to tail race. It also acts as safeguard against accidents. As
pelton wheel is an impulse turbine, the casing of the pelton wheel does not
perform any hydraulic function.
Pelton Turbine
Operating Principle:
• The water from the reservoir flows through the penstocks at the outlet of
which a nozzle is fitted. The nozzle increases the kinetic energy of the
water flowing through the penstock by converting pressure energy into
kinetic energy.
• At the outlet of the nozzle, the water comes out in the form of jet and
strikes on the splitter, which splits up the jet into two parts. These parts of
the jet glides over the inner surfaces and comes out at the outer edge.
• The buckets are shaped in such a way that buckets rotates, runner of turbine
rotates, and thus hydraulic energy of water is converted into mechanical
energy on the runner of turbine which is further converted into electrical
energy in a generator/alternator.
Pelton Turbine
Power Calculation:
1. Connect the apparatus with the hydraulic bench.
2. Switch on the hydraulic bench pump.
3. Open the valve slowly so that water begins to flow through the turbine.
4. Adjust the flow rate in turbine by nozzle adjuster screw.
5. Load the turbine by turning the adjustment braking device.
6. Note down the speed of turbine in rpm with the help of tachometer. Note down the
braking power F and compute the torque.
Pelton Turbine
Calculate the turbine power from the experimental data.
1. Plot the graph of turbine power against rotational speed.

2. Plot the graph of turbine torque against rotational speed.
Pelton Turbine
Experimental Data
Rotational Rotational Net Turbine Turbine
Force, F1 Force,
Ser No speed, n speed, ω Force, Fb Torque, T Power, P
(N) F2 (N)
(rpm) (rad/sec) (N) (Nm) (Watts)
1 1600 10.5 4.4
2 1400 11 4.8
3 1200 11.8 5.2
4 1000 12.8 5.6
5 800 13.2 5.9
6 600 13.7 6.8
7 400 14.1 7.1
8 200 16.8 9.2
Pelton Turbine
Lab work:
1. Compute the turbine power from the experimental data.
2. Plot a graph between the 1. turbine power and rotational speed, 2.
turbine torque against rotational speed.
3. What are your results and conclusions from the experiment? What can
you say about the turbine power and torque?
4. What will be the power and torque values if vane profiles are changed
to flat plate?

Pelton Turbine: ME 337 Fluid Mechanics Lab

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Pelton

• To determine the torque and the power

• Calculation of available electrical power?

• Turbines in Power Plants?

• Coupling linkage of turbine with alternator?

• The main parts of the pelton turbine are;

1. Nozzle and flow regulating arrangement

• The pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine.

• The pressure at the inlet and outlet is atmospheric. The turbine

Calculate the turbine power from the experimental data.

1. Plot the graph of turbine power against rotational speed.

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