The Impact of the Business Environment

MSc. Arbenita TOPALLI

in Developing an Enterprise - Case Study:
Furniture Manufacturing Tefik Canga
Design

Arbenita Topalli

Abstract

The enterprise is an organization that reconciles the

workforce, real capital, techniques, information and
knowledge to produce and service. The enterprise cannot
control or have any impact on the environment that it`s
surrounded by, only to adjust to it. Despite that, enterprises
can be specialized in a special market segment, yet it will be
subject to competitive pressure. Furniture Manufacturing Tefik
Canga Design has taken over the use of natural and unnatural
resources to promote the development and growth, or to solve
financial and operational problems. With this research, we
propose a growth model of a manufacturing enterprise in
relation to the business environment. Implementation of the
case is described and the profitability and productivity
performance is analyzed using five years of historical data
product. Therefore, by this study is expected to achieve results,
that will improve the input-output relationship in order to
increase the firm's productivity, increase the value of
employees and create opportunities for development in order
to cut production costs.

Key Words: Impact of environment, External environment,

Internal environment, Cost of product and The production
process of the product

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1. Introduction

Firms exist because they generate economies in production and

distribution, provide great benefits for entrepreneurs, workers and other
resources owners. Theory of the firm emphasizes that the main purpose or
objective of the firm is to maximize wealth or firm value. In this way it is
appropriate to know how consumers make choices about different
products and services they need to buy. Therefore, it is possible to predict
the future through available information, the costs and the available skills
of managers who deal with this work. It is important to examine which
early environmental influences have been important in the past, what
changes should be made in the future, and the impact on our firm and the
competitors operating in the same industry. Modern theories see the
organization as an open system that takes resources and sells products and
services in the surrounding environment, adapting and responding to the
opportunities and threats offered by this environment. The objectives of a
firm generally include a specified level of profit, the rate of return on
investment, the pace of market penetration, level of inventory, rates, etc.
The environment influences an organization in many ways, its
understanding is of crucial importance. Environment may be broadly
categorized into two types:
External Environment includes all the factors outside the organization
which provide opportunities or threats to the organization. It may be social,
cultural, political, economical, market, technological environment.
Internal Environment is the environment in which an organization
exists. It refers to all the factors within an organization which impart
strengths or cause weaknesses of a strategic nature.
They can come from within the entity that commits, by any external
organization participating in the project, or from both. These factors may
have positive or negative impact on the project, and some of these factors
can give rise to the obstacles for the project. In other words, the operations
of the firm must be measured in order to be able to apply the principles of
economic theory procedure, the latter, increased global competition and
technological change have forced managers at the business to be in
constant readiness. Although factors coming from the external
environment are difficult to enter the control of the management of the
enterprise, they should be studied.

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2. Characteristics of business

The main characteristics of a business are:

1. Exchange of Goods and Services: A business is an economic
activity which is concerned with exchanging goods and services to
satisfy human desires.
2. Profit motive: The prime consideration in any business is to earn
profit which represents a fair return on capital employed and
reasonable reward for the risk taken.
3. Continuity in Dealings: One single transaction does not constitute
business. The term business refers to series of dealings in regular
sequence.
4. Entrepreneurship and Risk: Business operates in a rapidly
changing internal and external environment. This makes
managerial decision-making a difficult task, the slightest error in
currently foreseeing these changes may expose it to risk.
5. Creation and Utility: In order to make things more useful for a
society, their utility is enhanced by the efforts of businessmen.
From the economic point of view, utility is created in various
ways, like the utility of place, form, time.
6. Customer Satisfaction: The aim of business is profit earning but it
is not possible without customer`s satisfaction. Hence
businessmen should make goods and services according to the
taste of consumers.
7. Innovation and Research: Businessmen have to encourage
innovations and research in their respective fields of activities.
They have to be alert and cautious about the activities of rival
organizations.
8. Human Activity: A business is a human activity because human
resource alone is able to utilize available physical resources of a
business like material, money, machinery.
9. Business is a Social Activity: A business cannot be done without
society. It gets raw material, manpower, capital and other
resources from a society.
10. A business is both Science and Art: It is science because just like
science, it has systematic principles based on experiments, which
establish cause and effect relationship.

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11. Wide Scope: The scope of a business is very large. It includes not
only production but also distribution, transportation, banking,
insurance, storage, communication, advertising, packaging,
research and development etc.

3. Internal Environment

Internal environment includes internal factors of the business which can

be controlled by business. It refers to environment within the organization.
It includes the business objectives, managerial policies, different
departments relationship; brand image and corporate image, physical
resources including infrastructure available for the business, vision and
thinking of top management, research and development activities of
organization, working conditions in the organization, morale and
commitment of human resource etc. The components of internal
environment are usually within the control of business. The responsibility
of studying changes in internal environment lies with the managers,
directors, top officials. If directors of any business have broad vision and
creative thinking, then they can foresee the changes that are going to occur
in the environment and can frame appropriate policies well in time.
Marketing activities, including research and development activities, are
also part of internal environment. If the company is good at research and
marketing activities, it can take an edge over competitors and get larger
market share. The most important of all the factors constituting internal
environment is the human asset the organization has acquired over time.
The attitudes, skill sets and expertise, commitment and morale of a firm`s
work force count enormously for the success or otherwise of a firm 1.

4. External Environment

Firms cannot directly control the general environments segments.

Accordingly, what a company seeks to do is recognize trends in each
segment of the general environment and then predict each trend`s effect on
it 2. External Environment includes factors outside the firm which can
provide opportunities or pose as threats to the firm. The success of a

1 Fernando A.C, (2011), ”Business Environment”, New Delhi, 7th Edition.

2 Hitt et al. (2014), “Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases; Competitives and Globalization,
Canada, 11th Edition.
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business enterprise depends to a great extent on its awareness about its

surroundings, environment and adaptability to changes in the
environment.
The external environment of a business can be divided into micro- and
macro-environment.
The micro-environment includes the general public, customers,
suppliers of input, workers along with trade unions, market intermediaries,
competitors and the public whose decisions and actions have a direct
impact on the functioning of a company.

4.1. Micro /Operating Environment

The forces which are close to the company and affect its ability to work
constitute micro environment. It includes suppliers, customers, market
intermediaries, competitors and public.
According to Philip Kotler, “The micro environment consists of factors
in the company`s immediate environment which affect the performance of
the business unit. These include suppliers, marketing intermediaries,
competitors, customers and the public”.
According to Hill and Jones: “The micro environment of a company
consist of elements that directly affect the company such as competitors,
customers and suppliers.

4.1.1. Suppliers
Businesses need various inputs to operate, for example capital from
financial institutions, raw materials, services and labor. To operate
effectively the business needs to obtain these inputs at the right time,
quantity, quality and price. It should be remembered that businesses are
also suppliers of goods and services to other business and there should be a
healthy relationship between the suppliers who provide inputs and the
business that buys them 3.
Every business enterprise requires a number of suppliers, who supply
raw materials and components to the company. The following points
should be kept in mind regarding suppliers:

3 Nieuwenhiuzen C., (2007), “Business Management for Entrepreneurs”, Cape Town South
Africa.
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1. Reliability: If our supplier is reliable, our business will run

smoothly. If our supplier is not reliable, we may have to maintain
high inventories which will increase our cost.
2. Multiple Supplier: It is very risky to depend on a single supplier
because a strike, lockout or other problem with that supplier will
seriously affect the company.

4.1.2. Customers
The customer is the central point of any business. The success of a
business organization depends upon identifying customers, their needs,
tastes, linking etc. and enhancing the level of customer-satisfaction.
Customers may be of different types:
a. Wholesale customers
b. Retail customers
c. Industrial customers
d. Government and other institutions
e. Foreign customers

For different types of customers, business units will have to design

different types of products. So that different classes of customers can be
attracted towards company`s products. Different customers have different
levels of income, tastes and preferences. A person with higher level of
income will buy costly product and the person with low level of income
will buy cheap product. So it is a must that the business firm makes
products according to the demands of customers.
It should identify the differences in customer characteristics and
segment to the demands of customers 4.

4.1.3. Market Intermediaries

Market Intermediaries include the following:
1. Middlemen: It includes wholesalers, retailers, departmental stores
etc.
2. Marketing Agencies: It includes advertising agencies, consultancy
firms, media firms, market research firm etc.
3. Financial Intermediaries: It includes banks, insurance companies,
financial institutions, money markets, capital markets etc.

4 Mukesh et al. “Business Environment”, (2009-10), New Delhi, 2rd Edition.

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4. Physical Intermediaries: It includes warehouse, transport agencies

etc.

4.1.4. Competitors
Business has to adjust its various activities according to actions and
reactions of competitors.
Competitor means other business units which are marketing or
producing similar products or a very close substitute of our product.
The business unit should also identify the weaknesses of its competitors,
and use such weaknesses of competitors to strengthen its own business.
Globalization is further promoting competition, and it is creating threat to
the domestic industrial units.
The following are the important elements of a competitive environment:
1. Seller and buyer agree to transact at a particular price of a product.
2. Nature of the commodity is known to both parties.
3. Price of the product is determined under conditions of the market.
4. Competition depends on the increase in buyers and sellers.
5. If there is an increase in number of buyers, the price will increase
and it is treated as seller`s market.
6. If there is an increase in number of sellers, the price will decrease, it
is treated as buyer`s market.
7. Free communication between the buyers and sellers.
8. Size of the market is not restricted, it may be a certain city, a region,
a country or even the entire world.
9. Product is homogenous in case of perfect competition, and the
product may be differentiated in case of other markets 5.

4.1.5. Public
“Public is any group that has actual or potential interest in the business.
To achieve this interest, it has its impact on the business.
Examples of public are:
1. Media public: It includes all newspapers, magazines, journals
which may publish favorable or adverse remarks about company.
2. Local Public: refers to people living in the area where business unit
is set up. Actions of local public on this issue have forced some

5 Sekhar S., (2010), ”Business Policy and Strategic Management”, India.

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companies to suspend operations or to install pollution control

equipments.
3. Financial Public: It includes banks, investors, stakeholders etc.
They influence the company`s ability to obtain funds.
4. Government Public: It includes Government departments and
agencies. Marketers, often consult with the lawyer and experts on
the issues of product safety, truth in advertisement and other
matters 6.

4.2. Macro Environment/General Environment

Macro Environment means general environment of business. The
growth and survival of a business depends upon its adaptability to macro
environmental factors which include economic environment, political
environment, socio-cultural environment, technological environment,
natural environment, international environment, demographic
environment.
According to Philip Kotler, “Macro Environment includes forces that
create opportunities and pose threat to the business units. It includes
economic, demographic, natural, technological, political and cultural
environment”.
According to Hill and Jones: “The macro environment consists of the
broader economic,
social, political, legal, demographic and technological setting within
which the industry and the business units are placed”.

4.2.1. Economic Environment

Economic environment of a business is very complex in nature. It is very
dynamic.
It keeps on changing with change in government policies, change in
political situations etc. It mainly has three elements. These are economic
conditions, economic policies and economic system.
These are as follows:
1. Economic conditions of the economy affect the business: Economic
conditions include: income level, distribution of income, demand
and supply trends and various phases of trade cycles.

6 Jain A., (2009-10), “Principles of Marketing”, New Delhi.

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2. Economic policies: These policies establish relationship between

business and government. The effect of these policies may be
favorable or unfavorable. Important economic policies are as
follows:
(a) Monetary Policy
(b) Fiscal Policy
(c) Export-Import Policy
(d)Foreign Investment Policy
(e) Industrial Policy
(f) Industrial Licensing Policy.
3. Economic System: In different countries, different economic
systems prevail.

The economic system of a country may be:

1. Capitalism: Such economy is dominated by private sector. Here,
private sector has much important role in economic activities.
2. Socialism: Such economies are state owned economies. Government
plays major role in economic development of such economies.
3. Mixed Economy: In such economies both private and public sector
co-exist.
Nowadays, there is a shift from socialism to capitalism and that is
also taking place in the economy.
4. Other Economy Factors: Economic environment also includes
infrastructure facilities like roads, railways, other transport
facilities, power, communication etc.
It also includes banks, insurance companies, money markets, capital
markets etc.
The nature of an economic system relies on the agencies which are
permitted to own and put to use the productive resources, extent of
individual`s initiatives offered to employees and the process of price
determination.

4.2.2. Political Environment

A stable and dynamic political environment is indispensable for
business growth. Political environment mainly includes the following
components:
a. Political ideology of Government
b. Political stability in the country
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c. Relation of our nation with countries

d. Defense and military policy
e. Welfare activities of Government
f. Centre State relationship
g. Thinking of opposition parties toward business.

Political ideology of Government refers to the political thinking,

approach and vision of Government towards various economic and social
activities of the country. Laws and regulations covering all aspects of
business are enacted by the government.
The government is responsible for providing the rules of game, which
make the business system function smoothly and which help maintain
competition or if monopolies develop, to regulate them by government
intervention. A political system which is stable, honest, efficient, dynamic
and which ensures political participation of the people and assures
personal security to the citizens, is a primary factor for economic
development. Relations of a government with other countries also affects
business. If a country enjoys cordial and friendly relations with other
nations, then that has a favorable effect on foreign trade. If the government
allocates a very large amount for defense budget, it will adversely affect the
business and economy, as the government may impose more taxes,
withdraw incentives and spend less on economic infrastructure.

4.2.3. Technological Environment

Technology is a systematic application of scientific or other organized
knowledge to practical tasks. Technology is the most dramatic force
shaping the destiny of people all over the world. Some of the technological
inventions are wonders, some are horrors and some have mixed reactions.
The benefits of technology are numerous, affecting living standards, more
free time and intellectual potential alternative products and services. The
impact of technology on the environment of the organization has
considerable influence in the process of establishing management.
Technological changes bring about changes in products, services, lifestyles
and living conditions 7. Technological adaptations may create incentives for

7 Kume V, (2010), “Strategic Management; theory, concepte, cases”,Tiranë.

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manufacturing new products for the improvement of existing products or

production of marketing techniques 8.

4.2.4. Socio-Cultural Environment

Socio-cultural environment refers to influence exercised by certain social
and cultural factors which are beyond the control of business units. Such
factors include: attitude of people to work, family system, caste system,
religion, education, marriage, habits and preferences, languages,
urbanization, customs and traditions, value system, business ethics, social
trends, social responsibility of business etc. Family system has started
changing from joint family system to nuclear and small family. It has led to
increase in demand of consumer durables. With the spread of education,
family traditions and customs are changing. This has led to the growth of
women-entrepreneurship and role of women in society. Religion also has
considerable effect on business. The social environment greatly influences
the nature of consumer demand, the consumer decision-making etc. The
success of a business entity significantly depends on its social relevance.
Therefore, it is important for the entrepreneur or the strategic planner of a
business organization to be familiar with the prevalent and emerging social
trends and concerns 9.

4.2.5. Natural Environment

It includes geographical and ecological factors such as natural resources,
weather and climatic conditions, part facilities, topographical factors such
as soil, land forms, sea, rivers, rainfall; environmental pollution, etc.
The business enterprise must keep in mind geographical factors,
pollution factors and government enactments in this regard. In brief it
includes:
a. Size of population and population growth
b. Age composition
c. Sex composition
d. Education level
e. Family size and structure
f. Economic satisfaction of population
g. Urban-rural population.

8 Kuke I, Pula J and Krasniqi K, (2006), ”Management and Deployment”, Pristina.

9 Ghuman K., (2010), ”Management: Concepts, Practice&Cases”, New Delhi.
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4.2.6. International Environment

International environment is very important for certain types of
business. It is particularly important for industries directly depending on
imports or exports. A recession in foreign market or protection policy by
foreign nations may create difficulties for industries depending on
exports.
With the free flow of foreign technology, foreign investment and
increase in foreign trade, the significance of study of international
environment has further increased. In short, following factors of
international environment affect business:
a. Globalization
b. Oil price hike
c. International Agreement and Declarations
d. International terrorism
e. Cultural exchange.

5. Case study: Furniture Manufacturing ” Tefik Canga Design”

Tefik Canga Design is Oxa Group chair furniture company, specializing

in solid wood chair and table manufacturing for residential and
commercial market.
Furniture manufacturing Tefik Canga, is the biggest furniture
manufacturer in Kosovo, which was founded in 1947, by few craftsmen
from Ferizaj.
The factory at that time was small but with huge potential in this
industry, therefore constant growth resulted in 1600 workers in 1980.After
the destruction of Yugoslavia in the 90`s, the factory began to degrade with
the lack of investments and fired all Albanian workers in that year. After
the war in `99 the factory returned around 350 workers and started
production in few units until 2006, when it was privatized by OXA Group,
and was re-named Tefik Canga Design, which again remains a leader in
furniture manufacturing in Kosovo.
Expanding of units happened as follows:
• January 2007- restart of division for chairs and tables production
• March 2008- started cutting and drying of wood
• January 2009-Production of bedrooms called DIVANI.
• February 2010- started contract manufacturing called TEDES
• June 2011- started production of bedrooms called DECO.
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In near future, the company plans to expand production in other profiles

and to reach a number of 400 workers by 2014. Manufacture products
which Tefik Canga Design produce are: Chairs, Armchairs, Dining Tables,
Stools, Bar Chairs, Hotel Furniture, Contract Chairs, Contract Furniture.
Tefik Canga is a leading furniture manufacturer with five plants,
including solid wood chair plant, sofa bed and sectionals plant, bedroom
and flat pack furniture plant, contract furniture plant, leather sofa and
sectionals plant. With exports in European Union and the region, Tefik
Canga has grown its customer portfolio with quality and respect 10.

5.1. The production process of the product

1. Initial stages of planning: The firm has received product designs

and quality characteristics of the consumer, to draft a proposal for
the method of production and the overall schedule, and based on
this information, to calculate and give a rough estimate of the cost.
The enterprise has decided to put in place all resources ranging
from raw materials, capital, labor and financial resources to
achieve the production of the product effectively.
2. Product development stage: After establishing project feasibility,
definite product specifications are defined in more detail, working
in the design and manufacture to the end, and selecting and
obtaining the necessary processing machinery.
3. Evaluation of the product production: Based on product designs
and quality specifications received from the consumer, as well as
product specifications and product production plans set out in the
Product Development Stage, the firm produces one prototype.
Than it works with the consumer to determine if the product
meets the required quality standards. The firm repeats the process
of product development and product evaluation until it reaches
the required quality standards.
4. Commercial production of one prototype: Based on the design and
layout of the proposed production at commercial stage, the firm
decides to build a production line and produce one commercial
prototype. He collaborates with the consumer to determine if the
product meets the required standards of quality commercial

10 Tefic Canga Design. Available from: www.teficcangadesign.com

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manufacturing line. The firm reiterates its product development

process in a commercial large-scale, until it meets the consumer's
desires.
5. Commercial production: When all the preparations are completed,
commercial production starts.
Even at this stage, modifications and improvements have been
made on the production line, and the firm's engineers are
constantly trying to improve their performance. The entire team
actively collaborates to make high quality products.
6. Inspection, shipment, delivery (launch): Finished products are
closely inspected manually and by machines to make sure there
are no defects or flaws. Only those products that pass inspection
are delivered to the consumer, carefully packed to prevent
contamination or damage.

6.1. Indirect costs during product manufacturing process

Table 1 presents the calculation of cost overheads during the production
process of a product. The average wages of workers are 230 euro. At the
first column of the long lines are presented wages of workers who are
caused as a manufactured product costs in the long term, while short lines
are presented salaries of worker as manufactured product costs in the short
term. With a set of factory space and a certain amount of equipment,
production process will eventually become less efficient and workers'
productivity will start to fall. In the event that the firm increases production
of the product then it will manage to minimize production costs that will
provide the level of production.

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Table 1: Indirect cost of producing of product

Source: Furniture Manufacturing "Tefik Canga Design", Production

Department.

5.3. The total cost of the product

We have shown through table 2, the cost of products produced during
the period 2009-2013.
On the table we presented the product ‘s cost dividing in the direct cost
of which is fix and does not depend on the production, as well as indirect
cost which depends on the amount of production, which varies from 4-8
Euros per unit. calculating all expenses. Business management set the price
basing on these indicators to come up with a price which shall not only
cover the expenses of the product but also will create incomes for the
company.

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Table 2: The cost of production of the product

Direct
Quantity Indirect cost Total cost of
Period cost per Sale price
produced per unit the product
unit
2009 378 5.843 10.67 16.513 18
2010 828 5.843 10.67 16.513 18
2011 3183 5.843 10.67 16.513 18
2012 5430 5.843 10.67 16.513 18
2013 324 5.843 10.67 16.513 18
Source: Furniture Manufacturing "Tefik Canga Design", Department of
Production.

5.4. Realization of sales

As we notice, more product sales are oriented toward selling products to
commercial business. It is so, precisely because the demand to buy these
products is higher in businesses that deal with the sale of the firm. One of
the most important decisions of managers is precisely determining the
price of the product. Given that the firm aims to maximize profits it has
decided to set product prices in line with market realities and economic
environment within the enterprise that operates as well as the interaction of
supply and demand for the product enterprise.
To influence the selling price of the product the enterprise has chosen to
notify consumers through advertisements of product features. On the other
hand, through this mixture the manager reaches the decision on constant
sales price, thereby maintaining its competitive position in the market.

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Table 3: Realization of sales

Realization of product sales during the period 2009-2013
Production Retail Wholesale
Years Sales Inventory Sales Inventory Sales Inventory
2009 378 32 328
2010 828 75 753
2011 3183 289 2894
2012 5430 493 4937
2013 324 28 282
Source: Furniture Manufacturing "Tefik Canga Design", Department of
Sale.

5.5. Revenue realized during the period 2009-2013

There is a trend of growth in revenues from sales of products in the
period from 2009 to 2013 and occurs during the life cycle of this product,
from launch until the decline, which is shown in tabular form.
On the other hand, cutting the price of the product has been consistently
productive enough to sell all the products with the production price which
is set at the beginning.
This enables the enterprise to reallocate productive resources and allows
it to utilize the existence of economic profits of the enterprise.
One of the most important managers decisions taken is exactly to
determine the price of the product, concerning the company aims to
maximize profits, it has decided to set the price of the product with the
reality of the market and enterprise economic environment. The enterprise
has set a constant price of the product‘s selling, saving in this way its
competitive position in the market.
First year is an introductory period of the product on the market and
sales volume is small because it is a stage where the client is informed with
the product.
In the second year the buyers of these products are better informed and
are aware of the attributes contained in the product and we see an increase
in sales.
In the years 2011 and 2012 the enterprise reaches not only to cover costs
but also creates significant revenues from product sales, while in the fifth
year of the product’s life, sales are falling as a result of changes in
consumers’ tastes and needs.
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In the last year we have a decrease in product sales since customers are
fed up.
Therefore one should think for an innovative product in order to
continue to keep the pace of sales.

Table 4: Presentation of revenues in tabular form during the 2009-2013

period
Period Quantity produced Price Sale Revenues from sale

2009 378 18 6804

2010 828 18 14904
2011 3183 18 57294
2012 5430 18 97740
2013 324 18 5832
Source: Furniture Manufacturing "Tefik Canga Design", Department of
Sale.

6. Conclusions and Recommendations

An unstable economy and unfavorable policies may reflect negatively

on the activity of manufacturing enterprises, especially in a country in
transition.
Manufacturing enterprises are influenced not only by internal factors
such as finance, marketing, operations that determine the direction of the
firm, but obstacles arise during the journey which operate outside the firm
and may be a risk for the firm but at the same time can be opportunities for
the firm to realize its objectives.
Prediction of external factors on the activity of the enterprise is not an
easy process.
For the mere fact that there may be an increase in sales during the
economic boom, creating higher income than during the economic fall,
implies that these changes in the economy may also cause changes within
the enterprise.
The uncertainty of the external environment is as complex as dynamic.
Environmental changes facing business today are:

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1. Inability to control energy sources and use of energy as a political

and economical weapon.
2. Increase of the role of technology in production, causing the
reduction of product life cycle.
3. Increasing demands in terms of social responsibility in areas such
as environmental protection and enhancement of quality of life.
4. The government's role in the enterprise activity.
5. Adjusting government policies for exporting products abroad.

Enterprise makes considerable efforts to develop new models of

products.
The main issue requiring institutional attention are as follow:
1. Creating a safe environment by improving physical infrastructure,
electricity and water which for manufacturing enterprises are the
main sources of product manufacturing process that can cause loss
or profit for the company.
2. The abolition of customs duties and value added tax (VAT) on raw
materials and production technology imported from other
countries.
3. Reducing the interest rate for manufacturing enterprises based on
the fact that nearly 60% of funding sources are used by commercial
loans.
4. Prevention of unfair and illegal competition.

Enterprises not only exercise their activities according to the policies

within it, they are destined to satisfy the requirements of their customers in
accordance with the business environment.
From this study, we believe that implementation of these
recommendations will positively affect the growth of the number of
manufacturing enterprises, that will contribute to economic growth,
reducing unemployment and improving the social welfare of citizens.

List of References

Fernando A. C., (2011),”Business Environment”, New Delhi, 7th Edition.

Ghuman K., (2010), ”Management: Concepts, Practice & Cases”, New Delhi.
Hitt M., Duane R., Hoskisson R., (2014), “Strategic Management: Concepts and
Cases; Competitives and Globalization, Canada, 11th Edition.
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112 MSc. Arbenita TOPALLI

Kume V., (2010) “Strategic Management; theory, concepte, cases”,Tiranë.

Kuke I., Pula J., and Krasniqi K., (2006), ”Management and Deployment”,
Pristina.
Jain A., (2009-10),“Principles of Marketing”, New Delhi.
Mukesh T., Jain TR., Trehan R., (2009-10), “Business Environment”, New
Delhi, 2rd Edition.
Nieuwenhiuzen C., (2007), “Business Management for Entrepreneurs”, Cape
Town South Africa.
Sekhar S., (2010), ”Business Policy and Strategic Management”, India.
Tefic Canga Design. Available from: www.teficcangadesign.com

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Iliria International Review – 2015/2
© Felix–Verlag, Holzkirchen, Germany and Iliria College, Pristina, Kosovo