ELEC1010 Homework 5

ELEC1010 Homework 5[20] Deadline: 10pm on 4 Dec 2020 (FRI)
Please submit ONE soft copy (pdf only) of your assignment to Canvas
(Assignments) before the deadline. NO LATE Submission! (Zero marks!)
1. [6] We have two binary symmetric channels 1 & 2.

Channel 1 has an error probability of 0.21 and channel 2 has an error probability of 0.11.
a) [4] If we want to transmit a bit sequence of eight bits, for each channel, what is
the probability (with four decimal places) that:
i. A two-bit error occurs?

ii. A three-bit error occurs?
b) [2] If the source can transmit at 123 kbit per second for each channel (channel 1
and channel 2), what is the maximum number of information bits per second that
we can transmit through each channel (channel 1 and channel 2) if we want to be
able to transmit the information bits reliably? Please give your answer with the
unit in kbit per second (with four decimal places). (k =10 )
Solution:
a) i.
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 1: 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 2: 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟒
ii
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 1 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟔
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 2: 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟏𝟔
b) 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 1:
= 𝟑𝟏. 𝟕𝟗𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝒃𝒊𝒕/𝒔

or 31.7955 kbit/s
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 2:
= 𝟔𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝒃𝒊𝒕/𝒔

or 61.5123 kbit/s
2. [4] Assume that we need to design a 2G mobile system. The frequency band is shared by
3 different service providers. The frequency band is divided into 240 kHz channels for
either uplink or downlink. Each frequency channel can support 6 different time slots
which can be used for voice or data services.
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a) [2] Suppose each service provider can have 39 uplink channels and 39 downlink
channels, what is the total bandwidth (uplink + downlink) of the frequency band
we need?
Solution:
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟔 𝑴𝑯𝒛
b) [2] Suppose every service provider applies frequency re-use in the cellular
network, and divide its available frequency channels into three groups for the re-
use. Also, 4 out of the 6 time slots are used for voice calls. If the total number of
mobile subscribers that can be supported at the same time by all 3 service
providers is 873600, how many cells exist in the cellular network?
Solution:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔
3. [6] Assume that we want to transmit the 4-bit sequence 1001 to user A, and 0111 to user
B. Assume that the system uses CDMA with code length of 8. The system assigns the
PN code 10010110 (PNA) to user A and the PN code 00110011 (PNB) to user B.
Please note that ZERO marks will be given to correct answers without showing
all the steps for all the parts in this question!!!! (No steps, No marks!)
a) [1] Are the two PN codes PNA and PNB orthogonal?

Solution: Find the dot product of PNA • PNB
= (+1-1-1+1-1+1+1-1) • (-1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1) = -1+1-1+1+1-1+1-1 = 0
Since the dot product is zero, they are orthogonal.
b) [2] Show the encoded messages to user A and user B. (in (+1, -1))
Solution:
Message to user A: +1-1-1+1
Encoded A: message A  PNA = (+1-1-1+1)  (+1-1-1+1-1+1+1-1) =
+1-1-1+1-1+1+1-1 -1+1+1-1+1-1-1+1 -1+1+1-1+1-1-1+1 +1-1-1+1-
1+1+1-1
Message to user B: -1+1+1+1

Encoded B: message B  PNB = (-1+1+1+1)  (-1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1)
= +1+1-1-1+1+1-1-1 -1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1 -1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1 -1-1+1+1-1-
1+1+1
c) [1] If we use PNB to decode the encoded message to user A, what is the output?
Solution: PNB  Encoded A = (-1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1)  (+1-1-1+1-1+1+1-1
-1+1+1-1+1-1-1+1 -1+1+1-1+1-1-1+1 +1-1-1+1-1+1+1-1)
= -1+1-1+1+1-1+1-1 +1-1+1-1-1+1-1+1 +1-1+1-1-1+1-1+1
2 of 4
0 0 0
-1+1-1+1+1-1+1-1
0
Nothing is decoded
d) [1] Now, combine both encoded messages A and B as they would be transmitted
together by the base station. What is the combined encoded signal?
Solution: Encoded A + Encoded B:
= ( +1-1-1+1-1+1+1-1 -1+1+1-1+1-1-1+1 -1+1+1-1+1-1-1+1 +1-1-1+1-
1+1+1-1 ) +
( +1+1-1-1+1+1-1-1 -1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1 -1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1 -1-1+1+1-
1-1+1+1 )
= +2 0-2 0 0+2 0-2 -2 0+2 0 0-2 0+2 -2 0+2 0 0-2 0+2 0-2 0+2-2 0+2 0
e) [1] If we use PNB to decode the combined signal in d), what is the output?
Solution: PNB  combined signal:
= (-1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1)  (+2 0-2 0 0+2 0-2 -2 0+2 0 0-2 0+2 -2 0+2 0 0-2 0+2
0-2 0+2-2 0+2 0)
= -2 0-2 0 0-2 0-2 +2 0+2 0 0+2 0+2 +2 0+2 0 0+2 0+2 0+2 0+2+2 0+2 0
-8 +8 +8 +8
-8 +8 +8 +8 → The output is 0111.
4. [4] Hosts A and B are connected to each other via switch S. S is a store-and-forward
switch. The transmission rate from A to S and from S to B is 30 Mbps. Assume host A
sends a 24 kB file to host B in one packet. (Assume k = 1000 and M = 10 )
Host A Switch S Host B
a) [2] How long does it take the packet to arrive at Host B?

Solution:
The transmission time of the packet from A to B:
×
× 2 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎𝒔
b) [2] If the transmission rate from S to B is reduced to half of the transmission rate
from A to S, how long will it take the packet to arrive at Host B?
3 of 4
× ×
+ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐 𝒎𝒔
4 of 4

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ELEC1010 Homework 5[20] Deadline: 10pm on 4 Dec 2020 (FRI)

1. [6] We have two binary symmetric channels 1 & 2.

i. A two-bit error occurs?

= 𝟑𝟏. 𝟕𝟗𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝒃𝒊𝒕/𝒔

= 𝟔𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝒃𝒊𝒕/𝒔

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟔 𝑴𝑯𝒛

a) [1] Are the two PN codes PNA and PNB orthogonal?

Message to user B: -1+1+1+1

-8 +8 +8 +8 → The output is 0111.

Host A Switch S Host B

a) [2] How long does it take the packet to arrive at Host B?

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