Facilitate Learning Sessions

Competency
-
Based Learning Mat
Facilitating Learning
Sessions
Printed by:
National TVET Trainers Academy
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
ISBN 978-971-95388-1-3 000-0000-00-0
April 2012
All rights reserved

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Date Developed: Document No.
CBLMs on Trainers
July 2010 Issued by:
Methodology I Date Revised:
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March 2012 NTTA
Facilitating Learning Developed by:
Sessions Redilyn C. Agub Revision # 01
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING
MATERIALS
Welcome to the module in Facilitating Learning Sessions. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency "Facilitate Learning Sessions" contains
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for TRAINERS METHODOLOGY
LEVEL I.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. Information Sheets
consists of learning contents that you need to learn. Each Information sheet
has a learning objective that you need to attain while reading the
Information Sheets. After each Information Sheet is a Self-Check that will
help you test yourself if you have attained the learning objectives.
Task Sheets and Job Sheets are activity sheets that will help you
practice the skills previously discussed in the Information Sheets or
demonstrated by your trainer. A Performance Criteria Checklist is provided
with the Task Sheets and Job Sheets which will allow for self evaluation or
peer evaluation. This Performace Criteria may be used by your trainer to
evaluate your performance. Follow these activities on your own. If you have
questions, don’t hesitate to ask your trainer for assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminology. For the most
part, you'll get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA
Website, www.tesda.gov.ph
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in "Facilitating Learning Sessions".
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own
pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident that
your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that
follows the sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your facilitator
for evaluation and recording in the Accomplishment Chart. Outputs
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March 2012 NTTA
shall serve as your portfolio during the Institutional Competency
Evaluation. When you feel confident that you have had sufficient
practice, ask your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your
assessment will be recorded in your Progress Chart and
Accomplishment Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this
competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation.

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TRAINERS METHODOLOGY LEVEL 1
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
1. Plan Training Planning Training Sessions TVT232301

Sessions
2. Facilitate Learning Facilitating Learning TVT232302

Sessions Sessions
3. Supervise Work-Based Supervising Work-Based TVT232303

Learning Learning
4. Conduct Competency Conducting Competency TVT232304

Assessment Assessment
5. Maintain Training Maintain Training Facilities TVT232305

Facilities
6. Utilize Electronic Utilizing Electronic Media in TVT232306

Media in Facilitating Facilitating Training
Training

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Table of Contents
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL .............................................................................. i
List of Competencies ..............................................................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................................v
MODULE CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................vi
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Prepare Training Facilities/Resources ............................................................................. 1

Learning Experiences ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Information Sheet 2.1-1 The Principles of Competency Based Training ........................................................... 4
Self-Check 2.1-1 ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Answer Key 2.1-1......................................................................................................................................... 8
Information Sheet 2.1-2 Characteristics of CBT ............................................................................................... 9
Self-Check 2.1-2 ..........................................................................................................................................12
Answer Key 2.1-2........................................................................................................................................13
Information Sheet 2.1-3 Principles of Adult Learning .....................................................................................14
Self-Check 2.1-3 ..........................................................................................................................................16
Answer Key 2.1-3........................................................................................................................................17
Information Sheet 2.1-4 Delivery Plans ..........................................................................................................18
Self-Check 2.1-4 ..........................................................................................................................................24
Answer Key 2.1-4........................................................................................................................................25
Information Sheet 2.1-5 Learning Stations .....................................................................................................26
Self-Check 2.1-5 ..........................................................................................................................................28
Answer Key 2.1-5........................................................................................................................................29
Information Sheet 2.1-6 Training Activity Matrix ...........................................................................................30
Self-Check 2.1-6 ..........................................................................................................................................33
Answer Key 2.1-6........................................................................................................................................34
Task Sheet 2.1-6 Prepare Training Matrix ......................................................................................................35
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-6...........................................................................................................36
LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Conduct Pre-assessment ................................................................................................37

Learning Experiences ............................................................................................................................................38
Information Sheet 2.2-2 Recognition of Prior Learning ..................................................................................39
Self-Check 2.2-1 ..........................................................................................................................................42
Answer Key 2.2-1........................................................................................................................................43
Information Sheet 2.2-2 Pre-assessment ........................................................................................................44
Self-check 2.2-2...........................................................................................................................................49
Answer Key 2.2-2........................................................................................................................................50
Job Sheet 2.2-2 Conduct Pre-assessment........................................................................................................51
LEARNING OUTCOME #3 Facilitate Training Session .............................................................................................54

Learning Experiences ............................................................................................................................................56
Information Sheet 2.3-1 Competency Based Training Delivery .......................................................................58
SELF-CHECK 2.3-1........................................................................................................................................63

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Answer Key 2.3-1........................................................................................................................................64
Job Sheet 2.3-1 Prepare a Demonstration-Performance Method Training Session .........................................65
Information Sheet 2.3-2 Feedback Mechanism ..............................................................................................66
Self-Check 2.3-2 ..........................................................................................................................................73
Answer Key 2.3-2........................................................................................................................................74
Information Sheet 2.3-3 CBT Monitoring Tools...............................................................................................76
Answer Key 2.3-3........................................................................................................................................81
Task Sheet 2.3-3a Prepare Progress Chart......................................................................................................82
Task Sheet 2.3-3b Prepare Achievement Chart...............................................................................................84
Performance Criteria 2.3-3b........................................................................................................................85
Information Sheet 2.3-4 The Competency Based Training Procedures............................................................86
Self-Check 2.3-4 ..........................................................................................................................................91
Self-Check 2.3-4 ..........................................................................................................................................92
Job Sheet 2.3-4 Facilitate Training Session ...................................................................................................93
Information Sheet 2.3-5 Focused Group Discussion ........................................................................................95
Self-Check 2.3-5 ........................................................................................................................................101
Answer Key 2.3-5......................................................................................................................................102
Job Sheet 2.3-5 Focused Group Discussion fo Facilitate Learning Session .....................................................105
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.3-5.........................................................................................................106
LEARNING OUTCOME #4 Conduct Competency Assessment ................................................................................107

Learning Experiences ..........................................................................................................................................108
Information Sheet 2.4-1 Institutional Competency Evaluation .....................................................................109
Job Sheet 2.4-1 Conduct Institutional Competency Evaluation .....................................................................113
Performance Checklist 2.4-1 .....................................................................................................................114
LEARNING OUTCOME #5 Review Delivery of Training Session.............................................................................116

Learning Experiences ..........................................................................................................................................117
Information Sheet 2.5-1 CBT Review and Evaluation....................................................................................118
Self-Check 2.5-1 ........................................................................................................................................123
Answer Key 2.5-1......................................................................................................................................124
Information Sheet 2.5-2 PRE-TEST POST-TEST Analysis ................................................................................125
Self-Check 2.5-2 ........................................................................................................................................136
Answer Key 2.5-2......................................................................................................................................137
Task Sheet 2.5-2 Analyze pre-test/post test results ......................................................................................138
Information Sheet 2.5-3 Training Evaluation Analysis ..................................................................................140
Self-Check 2.5-3 ........................................................................................................................................150
Answer Key 2.5-3......................................................................................................................................151
Job Sheet 2.5-3 Analyze Training Evaluation ................................................................................................152
Information Sheet 2.5-4 Training Session Adjustment..................................................................................154
Self-Check 2.5-4 ........................................................................................................................................155
Answer Key 2.5-4......................................................................................................................................156

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MODULE CONTENT
Qualification Title : Trainers Methodology Level I

Unit of Competency : Facilitate Learning Sessions
Module Title : Facilitating Learning Sessions
Introduction
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required in
facilitating learning session in trainers methodology level I. This module
includes facilitating learning session in the delivery of TM I, such as
preparing the workshop venue and resources needed in facilitating learning
session. This also include the learning on how to conduct effective learning
session.
Learning Outcomes :
Upon completion of this module , you must be able to:

1. Prepare training facilities/resources
2. Conduct pre-assessment
3. Facilitate learning sessions
4. Conduct competency assessment
5. Review training delivery
Assessment Criteria:
1. Appropriate training facilities/resources are prepared based on the

session requirement.
2. Learning stations are prepared & set-up according to learning
activities.
3. Tools and equipment are prepared and set-up according to learning
activities
4. Pre-assessment instruments are prepared in accordance with the
number of learners.
5. Contents and procedures of pre-training assessment are
explained according to guidelines.
6. Evidence is gathered using the assessment tools specified in the
evidence plan.
7. Evidences are evaluated and feedback are discussed based on the
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Facilitating Training Developed by:
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results of the pre-training assessment.
8. Current competencies and prior learning are determined and
credited.
9. Characteristics and profile of learners are established.
10. CBT delivery system is explained to the learners
11. Appropriate training methods are used based on the level and
characteristics of the learners.
12. Learning session is conducted according to session plan
13. Learners are assisted to achieve session outcomes.
14. Enough opportunities to participate in the session are provided
for the learner
15. Works and learning activities are monitored based on training
plan.
16. Feedback are provided to improve learners competence.
17. Learners records are maintained and stored according to
institutional policy
18. Competency assessment procedures is explained to the learners
according to guidelines
19. Competency assessment tools, materials and equipment are
provided to the learners.
20. Evidences are gathered and documented using relevant
assessment tools
21. Appropriate feedback mechanism is used to inform learner of
his/her progress
22. Assessment results are documented and records are and kept
in according to guidelines
23. Appropriate training session evaluation instruments are used.
24. Interpretations are made on the results of training session
evaluation.
25. Adjustments on training session are made based on the results of
evaluation.

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Session Redilyn C. Agub Revision # 01
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 PREPARE TRAINING
FACILITIES/RESOURCES
CONTENTS:
1. The Principles of Competency Based Training
2. Characteristics of CBT
3. Principles of Adult Learning
4. Delivery Plans
5. Learning Stations
6. The Training Activity Matrix
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Appropriate training facilities/resources are prepared based on the
session requirement
2. Learning stations are prepared & set-up according to learning
activities
3. Tools and equipment are prepared and set-up according to learning
activities
CONDITION:
Students/Trainees must be provided with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
Computer
LCD
2. TOOLS, ACCESSORIES AND SUPPLIES
White board
CD
Power point Presentation
3. TRAINING MATERIALS
Competency Based Learning Materials
Bond Paper
Competency Standards
Training Regulations
Competency Based Curriculum
Labels
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July 2010
Methodology Level I
Date Revised:
March 2012
Facilitating Training
Sessions
Information Sheet 2.1-2
Characteristics of CBT
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to
enumerate and explain the characteristics of CBT.
CBT has distinct characteristics as a delivery approach. These
characteristics make it very appropriate in training skills. Information in
this information sheet will serve as a guide for you when facilitating a
learning session
Characteristics of CBT
According to Foyster (1990), Delker (1990) and Norton (1987) there are a
number of characteristics of competency-based programs. Key
characteristics are summarized as follows:
 Competencies are carefully selected.

 Supporting theory is integrated with skill practice. Essential
knowledge is learned to support the performance of skills.
 Detailed training materials are keyed to the competencies to be
achieved and are designed to support the acquisition of knowledge
and skills.
 Methods of instruction involve mastery learning, the premise that all
participants can master the required knowledge or skill, provided
sufficient time and appropriate training methods are used.
 Participants’ knowledge and skills are assessed as they enter the
program and those with satisfactory knowledge and skills may bypass
training or competencies already attained.
 Learning should be self-paced.
 Flexible training approaches including large group methods, small
group activities and individual study are essential components.
 A variety of support materials including print, audiovisual and
simulations (models) keyed to the skills being mastered are used.
 Satisfactory completion of training is based on achievement of all
specified competencies.

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Implications for Using CBT
In a 1990 study of three operating competency-based programs,

Anthony Watson identified a number of implications for organizations
considering implementing a CBT system:
 Organizations must be committed to providing adequate resources

and training materials.
 Audiovisual materials need to be directly related to the written
materials.
 Training activities need to match the objectives.
 Continuous participant interaction and feedback must take place.
 Trainers must be trained to conduct competency-based training
courses.
 Individuals attending training must be prepared for CBT as this
approach is likely to be very different from their past educational and
training experiences.
Advantages and Limitations of CBT
One of the primary advantages of CBT is that the focus is on the

success of each participant. Watson (1990) states that the competency-
based approach “appears especially useful in training situations where
trainees have to attain a small number of specific and job-related
competencies” (page 18). Benefits of CBT identified by Norton (1987) include:
 Participants will achieve competencies required in the performance of

their jobs.
 Participants build confidence as they succeed in mastering specific
competencies.
 Participants receive a certificate of achievement for every competency
they have achieved.
 Training time is used more efficiently and effectively as the trainer is a
facilitator of learning as opposed to a provider of information.
 More training time is devoted to working with participants individually
or in small groups as opposed to presenting lectures.
 More training time is devoted to evaluating each participant’s ability to
perform essential job skills.
While there are a number of advantages of competency-based training,

there also are some potential limitations. Prior to implementing CBT, it is
important to consider these limitations:

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 Unless initial training and follow up assistance is provided for the
trainers, there is a tendency to “teach as we were taught” and CBT
trainers quickly slip back into the role of the traditional teacher.
 A CBT course is only as effective as the process used to identify the
competencies. When little or no attention is given to identification of
the essential job skills, then the resulting training course is likely to
be ineffective.
 A course may be classified as competency-based, but unless specific
CBT materials and training approaches (e.g., learning guides,
checklists and coaching) are designed to be used as part of a CBT
approach, it is unlikely that the resulting course will be truly
competency-based.

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Self-Check 2.1-2
TRUE OR FALSE:
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is not
correct.
1. In CBT, learning is self-paced.

2. CBT is dependent on the Training Regulations.
3. The availability of training materials limits the efficiency of CBT.
4. Learning activities in CBT is always individualized.
5. The trainer is the provider of information in CBT.

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Answer Key 2.1-2
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

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Principles of Adult Learning
After reading this information sheet, you should be able to enumerate

and explain the principles of adult learning.
Trainees of TVET are generally adults. In planning and delivery of

training therefore, you should consider this principles so that appropriate
activities and materials are prepared and used during the delivery of
training.
Key Characteristics of Adult learner
Adult learners desire that learning be:
 relevant;
 task-oriented;
 participatory (two-way communication);
 friendly (controlled stress, positive feedback);
 varied (demonstrations, case-studies, role play; not just
lectures); and
 built on past experience.
These characteristics are based on the following eight principles of adult

learning (Sullivan et al 1995):
 Learning is most productive when the student is ready to learn.

Although motivation is internal, it is up to the trainer to create a
climate that will nurture motivation.
 Learning is most effective when it builds on what the student
already knows or has experienced.
 Learning is most effective when students are aware of what they
need to learn.
 Learning is made easier by using a variety of training methods
and techniques.
 Opportunities to practice skills initially in controlled or
simulated situations (e.g., through role play or use of anatomic

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models) are essential for skill acquisition and for development of
skill competency.
 Repetition is necessary to become competent or proficient in a
skill.
 The more realistic the learning situation, the more effective the
learning.
 To be effective, feedback should be immediate, positive and

nonjudgmental
Training delivery is based on different principles of education and

training. As a trainer, should have a clear understanding of these principles
and the characteristics of your trainee so that you can provide activities
most appropriate to them. Integrating these principles of education and
training should make your training more efficeint and most effective.

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Self-Check 2.1-3
TRUE OR FALSE
correct.
1. Repetition is needed when training adults.
2. Demonstration of skill is needed by adults in order to learn skills.
3. Demonstration is the only method appropriate for adult learners.
4. Adult learners do not like feedback coming from the trainer.
5. The trainer in CBT should be a person of authority.

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Answer Key 2.1-3
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

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Delivery Plans
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to:
1. enumerate and explain important activities that a trainer
should do to make facilitation of learning effective.
2. outline the 9 events of instruction and
3. describe how the nine events of instruction are being done to
ensure efficient learning
CBT is a learner-centered and a learner based approach to training.

The delivery should, however, be well-prepared and well-planned for it to
become effective since it is different from the traditional approach that
trainees experienced from their education outside of TVET.
This information sheet provides you with trainers’ guides to make
teaching and learning more effective using the Competency-Based Training
delivery approach. These guides will help you plan the delivery of training.
Your role as a trainer in CBT is more of a facilitator. More than a
presenter of contents, you serve as a guide that teaches trainees how to
learn. You should seek and provide suitable opportunities, resources and
guidance to your trainees. The success of the teaching-learning activities
depends very much on how you have prepared and how you delivered. “If
the learner have not learned, it’s because you have not prepared and failed
to perform your role.”
The following activities will useful guides for a facilitator like you:
Explain the objectives and the outcomes of the training

The participants of your training activities should know where
they are going, what goals they need to achieve and what outcomes they are
supposed attain. By sharing understanding of the objectives, they will
better understand the relevance of the activities they will undergo.
Explain the learning and assessment process

As a part of the orientation process, the CBT process flow, the
use of the CBLM and other learning materials should be explained
extensively to the trainees. Since trainees came from a traditional way of
learning, they would expect the same activities like sitting down while
listening to their teacher who is expected to be always in front of them
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explaining every lesson that they should learn. It is your role to explain to
them how they would learn in your workshop.
Trainees would also expect for a grade. The evaluation or
assessment process should be fully explained to make them understand
that every competency requires for an institutional competency evaluation
which consists of a written test, a performance test and an interview.
This explanation would empower your trainees because they deserve
to know they will learn and how they shall be assessed.
Ensure that presentation and training methods are appropriate

The TNA forms you developed in the module Plan Training Sessions
should be used to know the learning styles, capabilities and aptitudes of
your individual trainees. This will help you select the right methods and
materials to be used by the individual trainee. Since CBT is individualized
learning, a method for one trainee may not be appropriate for the other.
Inappropriate method used may have adverse effects on your trainees.
Use training equipment and materials correctly

Training equipment when used correctly adds value and efficiency in
the learning experiences. When they see and actually practice proper use of
these equipment, their learnings will be enhanced. Visuals and other
learning materials should be properly used and reviewed so that they can be
enhanced periodically.
Provide frequent advice and feedback to facilitate the learning process

Facilitators should be in constant contact with the trainees.
Continuous and immediate feedback is critical to the acquisition of
knowledge and skills. The CBLM is designed to provide this kind of
feedback. Answer keys to self-checks are provided so that immediate
feedback on knowledge practice is offered. Performance criteria checklist
always goes with task sheets, job sheets and operation sheet to provide for
self-evaluation and peer-evaluation while the task is being practiced. But
ultimately, the trainer should always evaluate the performance of trainees so
that corresponding feedback is provided and trainees are guided through the
learning process.
Provide ample practice opportunities

Competency-based training is teaching what to do, how and why to do
it and then being given the opportunity for guided practice. The task sheets,
job sheets and the operation sheets provided in the CBLMs provide guides
for the practice of skill. The performance objectives should be carefully
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stated so that the objectives of the practice are specific for the learning
situation.
Before the practice, however, the trainee should actually see how the
skill is being done so that the practice reinforces the correct approach to the
task. The procedures should be stated so that it can be understood and
followed easily.
While trainees are practicing skills, feedback and diagnostic aspects of
guidance should be properly managed so as to ensure both confidence and
competence.
Monitor trainees’ readiness for assessment

Monitoring achievements of trainees is a very important aspect of the
delivery of training. Your role as a trainer here is to see to it that the
activities and requirements are properly sequenced and accomplished to
achieve outcomes desired. Recording of accomplishments would motivate
trainees to achieve learning outcomes based on standards set. If the
trainees sees that you are closely monitoring their achievements, this will
give them the signal that you are serious about your set goals and standards
in the training program.
You can establish the trainee’s readiness for assessment only if you
monitor achievements of your individual trainee.
As a guide, the nine events of instruction should be considered when
planning for delivery of training.
The Nine Events of Instruction
In 1965, Robert Gagné published The Conditions of

, which Learnin
identified the mental conditions for learning. These were based on the
information processing model of the mental events that occur when adults
are presented with various stimuli. Gagné’s theory stipulates that there are
several different types or levels of learning and that each specific type
requires unique types of instruction.
1. Gain attention
The first step is to arouse the student’s interest with novelty or
surprise. You may also want to appeal to the learner by asking questions, so
that they will be further motivated to engage with the content.
In CBT, it is then essential to gather trainees every morning to achieve
this purpose. Orientation every start of the competency is also an essential
part of the training in order to motivate trainees to learn and achieve
learning outcomes.

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2. Inform learner of objectives
It is important to inform the learner of the expectations that you have

of them. This will help reduce anxiety in students who would otherwise not
know what they should be studying.
During the morning activities trainees are reminded of the overall goal
of their training as well as the objectives of the days activities. Since they
are working on different competencies and different activities, the
Competency Based Learning Material should have objectives, learning
objectives for Information Sheets and Performance Objectives for the
activities that need practice of skill.
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning
Trainees, especially adult learners, retain concepts and new

information better if the concepts are related to something they already
know. In this way, they can make the connection to their personal
experiences and the learning will be more meaningful.
This step is essentially the recall and rejoinder. The facilitator should
be able to point out the interconnection between the concepts previously
learned to the skill that needs to be practiced and the importance of single
tasks with the bigger Job that needs to be honed. Relationship of the
competency to the overall qualification should also be emphasized to
motivate trainees to learn all concepts and skills of the qualification.
4. Present stimulus material
At this point in the learning process, the content is presented to the

students. For the student to retain information it is preferable that the
content be organized into meaningful chunks, and that a variety of methods
appealing to all learning styles be used. Using examples and real-life
situations is also a great way to enhance the retention of information, as
learners can apply the material to their own life experiences and internalize
the content.
Contents that are directly related to the attainment of the learning
outcomes are carefully selected.
5. Provide learner guidance
Communication between the instructor and the learner is an

essential means of providing guidance. Not only does communication help
the learner stay on track, but it also ensures that the instructor has an idea
of how the trainees are doing.
This step is the development of the lesson. Different methodologies
should be prepared by the trainer to capture the trainees with different
learning styles. Trainers should provide every opportunity for trainees to
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actually see how skills are done. Actual demonstration of skills either by
the trainer, by advanced students or through video presentations are
essential methods in the acquisition of skills.
Step number 4 and 5 are carefully planned in the session plan. These
steps are dependent on what content is presented and what method of
training is employed. It is recommended that methods should vary
depending on the learning styles of the trainee. These would allow learning
to fit to the trainee and would provide for self-paced learning.
6. Elicit performance
The contents in your session plan is classified as knowledge based

and skills based. Contents that are classified as knowledge are practiced
through the self-checks or through face to face questioning depending on
the the method used. For modular self-paced method, self-shecks are
provided every after Information Sheet to provide frequent and immediate
practice.
Skills that need to be practiced are presented in the CBLM as Task
Sheets for single Tasks, Operation Sheet for the operation of equipment and
Job Sheets for combination of tasks and operations required in performing a
Job which usually requires an output or a service.
7. Provide feedback
Immediate, frequent and continuous feedback is essentially additional

guidance. If the learner has not yet grasped a concept or idea, this is the
time to provide more information and different examples.
In CBT, you provide feedback for the practice of knowledge using the
self-check answer keys. Asking trainees to check their own answers against
a key would allow self-paced learning of knowledge.
While practicing skills, the trainees should be able to check against
standards whether he is doing the skill as required. The performance
criteria checklist is a list of required standards for judging both performance
and outputs. Instruct your trainees to always check the criteria while they
are practicing. When they are confident that they can perform the task
based on set criteria, the trainee should be instructed to let you check his
performance. During this time, additional feedback can be provided by you.
8. Assess performance
Assessment should be a very important step in the teaching learning

process. In CBT it is recommended that written test, performance test and
interview are the methods of assessment for every competency learned.
Assessment should cover the four dimensions of competency – task skills,
task management skills, job role and environment and contingency
management skills.

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9. Enhance retention and transfer
Learning should not stop with the institutional competency

evaluation. Integration of knowledge learned from other competencies to
skills in the other competencies of the qualification should be provided to
enhance retention and transfer.
Providing for supervised industry training or On-the-Job training
would be a very important practice.

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Self-Check 2.1-4
Ordering: Arrange the following events in its correct sequence by rewriting

them on your answer sheet.
1. Gaining attention
2. Stimulating recall of prior learning
3. Informing the learner of the objective
4. Providing learner guidance
5. Providing Feedback
6. Assessing performance
7. Eliciting performance
8. Presenting the stimulus
9. Enhancing retention and transfer

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Answer Key 2.1-4
1. Gaining attention
2. Informing the learner of the objective
3. Stimulating recall of prior learning
4. Presenting the stimulus
5. Providing learner guidance
6. Eliciting performance
7. Providing Feedback
8. Assessing performance
9. Enhancing retention and transfer

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Learning Stations
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to

identify different set-up appropriate for the competencies of your
qualification.
Learning station set-up is essential in training. In this lesson you will
identify learning stations appropriate for the acquisition of skills in each
competency of your qualification. Learning station set-up will depend on the
skills to be practiced and the activities to be performed.
Reading Area
Reading modules to acquire knowledge, for example, would only need
the CBLM, a table and chairs which are located in the components of the
your workshop such as the Learning Resource Area. The Computer Area
may also provide additional reading materials which can be searched from
the internet or a part of your e-Learning Materials.
Simulators
Norton (1987) believes that participants in a competency-based

training course should learn in an environment that duplicates or simulates
the work place. Richards (1985) in writing about performance testing
indicates that assessment of skills requires tests using simulations (e.g.,
models and role plays) or work samples (i.e., performing actual tasks under
controlled conditions in either a laboratory or a job setting). Finally, Delker
(1990) in a study of business and industry found that the best approach for
training involved learner-centered instruction using print, instructional
technology and simulations.
Training simulators or mock-ups – this learning stations should

closely micmic or model the equipment and materials that are usually in a
work area. You should be able to identify what simulators needs to be set-
up so as to provide actual practice of skills within a competency.
The number of simulators or mock-ups will depend on the number of

machines used in your qualification.

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Role-play Area
Role-play areas should mimic the actual work area. As in a

restaurant, the essential parts and workstation arrangements should be a
prime consideration in setting-up the role-play area. The role-play area may
not be the set-up of a whole restaurant but the area where a Task is being
done,

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being implemented is using the CBT approach. The trainer may print a copy
of this plan or he may keep it to his computer. It is recommended that this
matrix is updated daily.
Training Activity Matrix
Venue
Facilities/Tools Date &
Training Activity Trainee Remarks
and Equipment (Workstation/ Time
Area)
Prayer
Recap of Activities 8:00 AM
All to 8:30
Unfreezing Activities AM
trainees
Feedback of Training
Rejoinder/Motivation
observations
(List down all
on the
Facilities/Tools
(Specific Activities of progress of
and Equipment Name of
each Trainee for the each trainee
needed for the Workstation1
day here) for the day
workstation and
will be
activities here)
written here
(Specific Activities of observations

(List down all
each Trainee here) on the
Facilities/Tools
progress of
each trainee
needed for the Workstation 2
for the day
workstation and
will be
activities here)
written here
observations
(List down all
on the
Facilities/Tools
workstation and
will be
activities here)
written here
observations
(List down all
on the
Facilities/Tools
workstation and
will be
activities here)
written here

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Guidelines in making the Training Activity Matrix
1. Write the training activities for the session based on training needs
and on trainee’s chosen competency.
2. Based on the instructional sheet needed in the activity (Job Sheet,
Task Sheet, and Information Sheet) list down the facilities/Tools
and Equipment needed for the activity. The inventory of training
supplies, tools, equipment and facilities is very useful when
planning for the activities of trainees in a class.
3. Instructional Sheet number should be specific.
4. Trainees should not be crowding in a workstation/area. Limit the
number of trainees to 5 and below per work station/learning area.
5. Ensure full utilization of equipment/work area. Avoid limited
number of equipments to be idle to prevent crowding of trainees.
6. Date and time of use should be specified.
7. Remarks should be made on the activity of each trainee. This will
be your guide in planning for the activities of your trainees the next
sessions. You may include the following remarks “for assessment”,
“to be assisted by (name of a peer mentor)”, “needs more practice of
Job Sheet #” and any other comments pertaining to the training of
each trainee.
8. The number workstations will vary depending on the number of
workstations in the CBT Layout. Number of workstations may also
be dependent on the number of mock-ups per competency.
It is recommended that this training matrix be accomplished as guide

in scheduling trainees every training session. This is an additional tool in
monitoring trainee’s activities and the use of facilities, tools, supplies and
materials.

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Self-Check 2.1-6
TRUE OR FALSE:
correct. Write your answers in your answer sheet.
1. The Training Activity Matrix is updated daily.

2. The session plan is a plan prepared daily.
3. Activities in the Matrix are different from the activities in the
session plan.
4. The Matrix is a monitoring tool for the trainees.
5. The Matrix is used to schedule the use of equipment.
6. Limited number of equipment maybe allowed to idle when no
trainees need the equipment.
7. More than 5 trainees maybe scheduled in a workstation during a
group work.

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Answer Key 2.1-6
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False

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Task Sheet 2.1-6
Title: Prepare Training Matrix

Performance Objective:
Given a qualification of your choice, you should be able to prepare a
training matrix for a day of Competency-Based Training session.
Supplies/Materials : a template for Training Matrix
Equipment : PC, printer with ink
Steps/Procedure:
This activity is an implementation of the materials you prepared in Plan
Training Session. You should have the following with you when preparing
this Matrix.
a. CBT layout
b. Inventory of Training Materials
c. Session plans
1. Determine the workstations in your workshop.
2. Secure a copy of the template of the Training Activity Matrix.
3. Fill-up the column on Workstations.
4. Determine the activities to be done on each workstation. Write
them down on the column for activities.
5. Fill-up the column of Materials needed based on the activity and
the inventory of training materials. Be sure that materials are
available. In case materials are needed in 2 different
workstations, you should schedule the time of its use. Write the
time down on the column for date and time.
6. Consider the use of the material in case the same is used for
assessment. Assessment should also be an activity to be
scheduled.
7. Write the names of the trainees on the column for Trainees. You
should have at least 15 to 25 trainees.
8. Fill-up remarks column.
Assessment Method:
Portfolio Evaluation using the Performance Criteria Checklist, Questioning

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Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-6
CRITERIA YES NO
Training activities are based on the activities in the session
plan
Instructional sheets needed for the activity have specific
number
All equipment, facilities, supplies and materials listed in the
instruction sheets are reflected in the specified column
Not more than 5 trainees are in a station/area at one time
Total number of facilities listed should not exceed the number
of the specific tool, materials or facilities in the inventory
Date and time of use is specified
Number of workstations reflects that in the CBT Layout

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LEARNING OUTCOME #2 CONDUCT PRE-ASSESSMENT
CONTENTS:
Recognition of Prior Learning
Pre-assessment
1. Pre-assessment instruments are prepared in accordance with the
number of applicants
2. Context and procedures of pre-training assessment are well
explained according to guidelines.
3. Evidence is gathered using the assessment tools specified in the
evidence plan.
4. Evidences are evaluated and feedbacks are discussed based on the
results of the pre-training assessment.
5. Current competencies and prior learning are determined and
credited.
6. Characteristics and profile of learners
are evaluated.
CONDITION:
EQUIPMENT
Computer
LCD
White board
CD
RPL Materials
Bond Paper
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1. Demonstration & Oral Questioning
2. Written Test

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Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 2
Conduct Pre-assessment
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 on the This learning outcome will

Recognition of Prior Learning deal with your practice on
how to use the forms
2. Answer Self-Check 2.2-1 prepared in Plan Training
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.1-1 Sessions to recognize prior
learning of trainees and to
3. Read Information Sheet 2.1-2 on Pre- establish their training
assessment needs and characteristics.
4. Answer Self-Check 2.2-2 You will be asked to use a
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.2-2 hypothetical data to
produce your output in Job
5. Perform Job Sheet 2.2-2 on how to Sheet 2.2-2.
Conduct Pre-assessment Demonstration of this skill
Evaluate performance using Performance will be a part of your
Criteria Checklist performance test during the
Institutional Competency
Evaluation for Facilitate
Learning Session.

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After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to:
1. define RPL;
2. enumerate the advantages of RPL;
3. determine evidences of competency; and
4. identify the criteria for assessing evidences of prior learning.
Before starting training, you should recognize prior learning of your

trainees so that skills previously learned will not be trained anymore.
Training should focus on the things that are not yet known by the trainee.
This will make CBT more interesting to your trainees.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) refers to the acknowledgement of
skills and knowledge held as a result of formal training, work experience
and/or life experience.
Recognition of prior learning or experience is a form of assessment
used to determine whether a person has achieved, through informal and
formal learning and experience, the required competence for entry and/or
credit in a recognised course or training program. (Rumsey 1994, p.15)
RPL is an essential component of competency-based training. It
focuses on current competency standards gained by individuals through:
 Work experience
 Life experience
 Formal training
 Informal training
Advantages of RPL
 RPL allows you to complete formal education in a shorter
period of time and at less cost.
 RPL means that you do not have to repeat or waste time
learning what you have already learned.
 RPL increases your career and education options through
recognized skills and knowledge.

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 RPL allows for fairer access to studies that you wish to
undertake.
Evidences for RPL
A trainee needs to provide sufficient evidence of his knowledge and
skills by submitting relevant documents and/or materials. The integrity of
the RPL process cannot be compromised, therefore the burden is on the
trainee to supply as much evidence as possible but it is with the trainer to
confirm trainee’s competence.
Evidence could consist of any or all of the following:

 formal statements of results
 examples of work or resources which you have produced
 performance appraisal reports
 references from current or previous employers
 position descriptions/job role
 details of formal training, seminars, conferences and
workshops you have attended
 which are relevant to this qualification
 certificates of participation/achievements/awards/letters of
commendation
 video tapes, tape recordings and/or photographs of work
activities
 specific details of work and/or participation in projects
 written testimonials from managers or colleagues
 written validation from workplace supervisor
 documented workplace demonstration
RPL assessment
The process includes an assessment of skills and knowledge against
the elements and performance criteria of the relevant unit. Trainee’s
competence will be assessed against the following six criteria.
 Authenticity Does the trainee have evidence of his skills and
knowledge? (Include formal qualifications, position descriptions,
references and any other material to support the claim. The
evidence must be authenticated by the appropriate authority.)
 Currency Are the skills and knowledge used in the work force
now?
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 Quality Are the skills and knowledge at a standard
appropriate for current requirements as per Competency
Standards?
 Relevance Are the skills and knowledge relevant to the
particular qualification?
 Transferability Are the skills and knowledge gained elsewhere
relevant to the particular qualification?
 Validity Can the applicant demonstrate a skill required for the
course? (This may be necessary for practical units.)
The perceived benefits of RPL for participants:
 formal recognition of work and life skills

 elimination of redundant learning
 reduction in time spent in college
 boosted self-esteem
 more rapid access to higher paid and higher status jobs
The perceived benefits for the Training Institution:
 avoid wasting resources on retraining students who already

 possess relevant skills and experience
 maximising places for those people who need training
 in the longer term, closer liaison with industry
The perceived benefits for employers:
 speedier training of employees

 continuity of staff
 more effective and efficient use of skills in the industry resulting
in a balance between labour supply and demand
 employees' study leave requirements and time away from the
workplace being kept to a minimum

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Self-Check 2.2-1
Matching Type:
Match the questions on the column A to the criteria for assessing evidences
on the Column B. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. Are the skills and A. Authenticity

knowledge used in the
B. Relevance
work force now?
C. Transferability
2. Are the skills and
knowledge gained D. Quality
elsewhere relevant to the E. Currency
F. Validity
knowledge at a standard G. Reliability
appropriate for current
requirements as per
Competency Standards?
4. Can the trainee
demonstrate a skill
required for the
competency?
5. Does the trainee have
evidence of his skills and
knowledge?
knowledge relevant to the

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Answer Key 2.2-1
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. F
5. A
6. B

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Methodology Level I
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c. Test instructions
d. Time allotment
e. Scoring
7.3 Solicit feedback from trainees about instructions to
ensure of their understanding.
7.4 Be at the testing room all the time as the test is going on
to assist trainees.
7.5 Collect the test papers and the answer sheet.
8. Check the answers for pre-test.
9. Score each paper.
10. Secure 3 filled-up forms (Form 4.1 & 4.2) from your trainer.
This will be the basis for your analysis in preparing the
training needs of your trainees.
11. Based on the Self-assessment Form (Form 4.1) and the
Validation of Competency Evidences (Form 4.2) decide who
among the trainees are qualified for recognition of prior
learning (RPL).
12. Recommend actions on how RPL should be administered to
trainees who are candidates for RPL as per your analysis.
13. Prepare the summary of Current Competencies versus
required competencies(Form 4.3) and the Training Needs
Form(4.4) for each trainee
14. Present your work to your trainer.
Assessment Method:
Portfolio Assessment, Questioning

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CRITERIA YES NO
Did you
Orient the trainees on the following:
 Purposes of the pre-assessment?
 Type of test?
 Instructions
 Time allotted for the test?
 Scoring?
Prepare the answer key before the assessment?
Check and score the test immediately?
Analyze Forms 4.1 and 4.2?
Identify trainees who are candidate for RPL?
Recommend methods of assessment for trainees who are
candidate for RPL?
Prepare Form 4.3 and 4.4 for each trainee?

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LEARNING OUTCOME #3 Facilitate Training Session
CONTENTS:
1. Competency Based Training Delivery
2. Feedback Mechanism
3. CBT Monitoring Tools
4. Competency-Based Training Procedures
5. Focused Group Discussion
1. CBT delivery system is explained to the learners
2. Appropriate training methods are used based on the level and
characteristics of the learners.
3. Learning session is conducted according to session plan
4. Learners are assisted to achieve session outcomes.
5. Enough opportunities to participate in the session are provided for
the learner
6. Works and learning activities are monitored based on training plan.
7. Feedback are provided to improve learners competence.
8. Learners records are maintained and stored according to institutional
policy
CONDITION:
EQUIPMENT
Computer
LCD
White board
CD
Tapes
Learning Packages
Bond Paper
Ball pens

Methodology Level I
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Manuals
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Demonstration & Oral Questioning
Portfolio
Written Test

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Learning Outcome 3
Facilitate Training Session
1. Read Information Sheet 2.3-1 on the

Competency-Based Training Delivery
This learning outcome
deals on your practice in
2. Answer Self-Check 2.3-1
delivering competency-
Compare answers with Answer Key 2.3-1
based training.
3. Perform Job Sheet 2.3-1 on how to prepare You shall use the tools
a Demonstration-Performance Method and plans that you
Training Session prepared in Plan
Training Sessions to be
Evaluate performance using the performance able to deliver CBT.
criteria checklist
Your delivery shall
4. Read Information Sheet 2.3-2 on Feedback consist of the following:
Mechanism  Pre-assessment
 Orientation
5. Answer Self-Check 2.3-2  Training
 monitoring
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.3-2  Evaluation
6. Read Information Sheet 2.3-3 on CBT A video of a sample

Monitoring Tools demonstration shall be
provided to you by your
7. Answer Self-Check 2.3-3 facilitator. You may view
it on your laptop or on
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.3-3 the LCD projector.
Outputs of this LO aside
8. Perform Task Sheet 2.3-3a on how to from the actual delivery
prepare the progress chart of your shall be the following:
qualification
 achievement chart
Evaluate performance using performance  progress chart
criteria checklist  minutes of the
meeting for the
9. Perform Task Sheet 2.3-3b on how to FGD
prepare the achievement chart of your In some learning
qualification activities you need to

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Evaluate performance using the performance create a small group of
criteria checklist at most 5 members who
shall alternately act as
10. Read Information Sheet 2.3-4 on trainees and trainers.
Competency-Based Training Procedures
You will need your
11. Answer Self-Check 2.3-4 overall understanding of
CBT approach in all of
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.3-4 the learning activities of
this Learning Outcome.
12. Perform Job Sheet 2.3-4 on how to Feel free to consult your
facilitate training session facilitator for guidance.
Evaluate performance using the performance

criteria checklist
13. Read Information Sheet 2.3-5 on Focused

Group Discussion
14. Answer Self-Check 2.3-5
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.3-5
15. Perform Job Sheet 2.3-5 on how to

undergo focus group discussions
Evaluate performance using performance

criteria checklist

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Competency Based Training Delivery
Learning Object: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be

able to:
1. illustrate the sequence of activities in a CBT workshop;
2. enumerate the roles of the trainer;
3. enumerate the roles of a trainee; and
The Module on Planning Training npresents your
Sessio
session plan
which is a documentation of how you will be undergoing the training. In
this module, Facilitating Learning Session
you will be implementing your
plan. However, before the sessions, different learning management tools
should be prepared to help you manage your learning session.
In CBT approach the trainees are given opportunities to learn in their
own pace but the trainer, like in any teaching-learning approach, is still an
integral part in the success of the trainees. All trainees may require
guidance and support to actively participate in the learning process. It is,
therefore, very important for the trainee to know exactly what you expect
them to do.
Student enters Y ES
Review learning
program
package
Satisfactorily
 Orientation
performed
 Role of trainer/trainee View multi-media Competency
 Administer RPL/TNA materials
Instructor Instructor
 Identify training Needs observes rates
 Organize learning Strategy performance performance
Use manuals
NO
Observe Student Student rates

Student selects demonstration
Competency and attempts task own Have
receive instructions performance enough
competency
Practice skills in been
 Administer Learning Agre ment workshop achieved?
Provide Materials
 Introduce CBLM materials Receive assistance
 Use of Achievement / Progress and feedback EXIT PROGRAM Y ES
Report
Competency Based Training Delivery

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The Competency Based Training Delivery approach should be
explained so that the trainee will know exactly what activities he needs to
undergo to acquire the required competencies. The diagram above shows
the CBT process.
Managing CBT versus Traditional Programs

There is always a tendency for you, the trainer, to go back to the
traditional approach of teaching because of the Law or Primacy in learning.
That is, the things that are learned first are very difficult to re-learn but if
you are aware of the advantages of CBT you would be more conscious about
this tendency.
The following table differentiates Traditional Approach and CBT
Approach.
Traditional Approach CBT Approach
Instructors focus on managing Trainers focus on managing learning

instruction
Most students enter at about the Trainees enter various times

same time throughout the year
Students all cover the same material Different trainees may be training for
different occupations within the same
program
Students all proceed from one topic Each trainee moves on to next task
to the next at the same time only after mastering the task he she is
currently working on.
The instructor controls the learning Each trainee progresses at his or her
pace own pace
All students are usually tested once Each trainee is tested when ready to
demonstrate mastery
Very little continuous feedback is Immediate feedback is given to each

given trainee at critical points in the learning
process.
The instructor is involved in teaching The trainer must be able to answer

only one topic at a time questions on many different tasks each
day.
Retesting is discouraged or not Retesting is encouraged for mastery

allowed at all

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Traditional Approach CBT Approach
Materials, tools and supplies for only The trainer must see that all materials
one topic are needed at a time. needed for many tasks are readily
available.
The number of students enrolled is As vacancies are filled, trainees

maximum capacity at the beginning enrollment remains at maximum
of the year or term and declines to capacity all year long.
half or less toward the end
Most instruction is delivered by or The trainer must manage the use of a

dependent upon the instructor wide variety of instructional media and
materials each day
The program is usually closed down The program usually operates year
or shortened during the summer round
months.
The instructor controls the sequence If possible, trainees determine the

in which topics will be covered. sequence of tasks.
The evening program is usually Day and evening programs both have
separate and distinct from day access to all learning guides and
program. resources.
Role of the CBT Trainer

Your major role as the trainer is one of “coordinating learning
activities” other than traditional “dispensing of information”. Trainer in a
CBT system spend the major portion of training time giving demonstrations,
assigning tasks to students, providing individual and small group
assistance, evaluating trainee’s progress and providing individual
consultation. The following functions outline the role of the trainer in
learner-centered instructional situations.
1. Serves as a team member to determine what is to be learned
2. Stimulates trainees’ motivation.
3. Manages learning: a consultation rather than a provider of
information; a facilitator of the of the facilitator of the learning
4. Diagnose and solves learning problems
5. Evaluates student achievement
6. Assist learners to obtain individualized rewards
7. Assist each trainee in designing a personalized plan of study.
8. Installs confidence in the learner by providing experiences where
Methodology Level I
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learners may succeed
9. Serves as a model for desirable work habits, attitudes and tasks
performance in the occupational field
10. Spends more time interacting with students on a 1:1 or small
group basis
11. Helps those students who really need help
12. Accepts responsibility along with the student for the tasks
learned or not learned.
Role of the CBT Trainee

Competency Based Training is individualized and “Learner-centered”.
Trainees, therefore, pursue instructions for their personal goals and
objectives. The trainee spends most of his time in directed self-study and
practice, supervised by the trainer who can provide immediate assistance
and feedback.
In CBT, Trainees have the following roles:
1. Trainees may select what they want to learn and when they want to
learn it, within reason.
2. Trainees learn at their own rate within program guidelines. They
may speed up, slow down, stop or even repeat a task.
3. Trainees may request to receive credit for what they already know.
This is done either through pre-testing or through a review o a task
list completed at another training site.
4. Trainees may choose how they want to learn-individually, on a one-
to-one basis, in small group, in large groups or with audio-visuals.
5. Trainees are responsible for what they learn and when they learn
it.
6. Trainees decide when they are ready to perform each task or
demonstrate mastery of learning to a job-like level of proficiency
before receiving credit for the task.
7. Trainees help develop personalized prescription for learning worked
out cooperatively and based upon what the students already
knows, his preference for learning, learning style and other needs.
8. Trainees compete against pres job standards and not against other
students and are graded on achievement of the standards or
criteria of each task.
9. Trainees know “up front”, before instruction begins what they are
expected to know and do to complete the program.
10. Trainees evaluate their own progress to see how well they are

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doing.
11. Trainees move freely in the workshop, laboratory and or training
center.
12. Trainees know they will be rated mainly on performance, while
paper and pencil tests will be used mainly to check their knowledge
of the task.
13. Trainees learn according to their interest, needs and abilities –
not
14. according to teacher timelines and expediency.
The diagram on the Competency Based Training Delivery would show
how learning in a CBT approach is undergone. After discussing the
Trainer’s and the Trainee’s Role in the acquisition of learning, the trainee
should be oriented on his training environment which include the workshop,
the facilities and the training resources available.

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SELF-CHECK 2.3-1
Identification: Identify which of the following statement is a characteristic

of a CBT approach. On your answer sheet, write down the number of the
item which characterizes CBT.
1. Trainers focus on managing learning
2. Very little continuous feedback is given.
3. As vacancies are filled, trainees’ enrollment remains at maximum
capacity all year long.
4. Retesting is discouraged or not allowed at all
5. The trainer must be able to answer questions on many different
tasks each day.
6. All trainees are usually tested once.
7. Each trainee progresses at his or her own pace
8. Trainees enter various times throughout the year
9. If possible, trainees determine the sequence of tasks.
10. Trainees all proceed from one topic to the next at the same time

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Feedback Mechanism
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. explain the importance of feedback in effective learning process;
2. enumerate and explain feedback strategies.
What is Feedback?
Feedback is a dialogue between people which reflects back how

another person sees someone else behavior or performance. As people we get
feedback from the way people react to us. As managers, coaches, trainers
and peers we may have more formal conversations about performance, or
how someone could carry out an aspect of their job role more effectively.
Types of Feedback
Positive Feedback – serves to sustain behavior that is appropriate
and effective.
Negative or coercive Feedback – serves to change behavior that is
inappropriate or ineffective.
Principles in Giving Effective Feedback

 Give feedback only when asked to do so or when your offer is
accepted.
 Give feedback as soon after the event as possible.
 Focus on the positive.
 Feedback needs to be given privately wherever possible,
especially more negative feedback.
 Feedback needs to be part of the overall communication process
and ‘developmental dialogue’. Use skills such as rapport or
mirroring, developing respect and trust with the learner.
 Stay in the ‘here and now’ don’t bring up old concerns or
previous mistakes, unless this is to highlight a pattern of
behaviors.
 Focus on behaviors that can be changed, not personality traits.
 Talk about and describe specific behaviors, giving examples
where possible and do not evaluate or assume motives.
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 Use ‘I’ and give your experience of the behavior (‘when you
said…, I thought that you were…’).
 When giving negative feedback, suggest alternative behaviors.
 Feedback is for the recipient, not the giver – be sensitive to the
impact of your message.
 Consider the content of the message, the process of giving
feedback and the congruence between your verbal and non-
verbal messages.
 Encourage reflection. This will involve posing open questions
such as:
(a) Did it go as planned? If not why not?
(b) If you were doing it again what would you do the same
next time and what would you do differently? Why?
(c) How did you feel during the session? How would you feel
about doing it again?
(d) How do you think the patient felt? What makes you think
that?
(e) What did you learn from this session?
 Be clear about what you are giving feedback on and link this to
the learner’s overall professional development and/or intended
programme outcomes.
 Do not overload – identify two or three key messages that you
summarize at the end.

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Feedback Strategies
Characteristics Purpose
Timing For students to get feedback while they are still mindful
of the learning target.
For student to get feedback while there is still time for
them to act on it.
Amount For students to get enough feedback so that they

understand what to do but not so much that the work
has been done for them (differs case by case).
For students to get feedback on “teachable moment”
points but not an overwhelming number.
Mode To communicate the feedback message in the most

appropriate way.
The following tools provides written feedback about a
trainee’s performance:
Answer Key
Accomplished Performance Criteria Checklist
Evaluative Feedback(Examination Result)
Progress chart
Achievement chart
Trainees record book
Audience To reach the appropriate students with specific

feedback.
To communicate, through feedback, that student
learning is valued.
Focus To describe specific qualities of the work in relation to

the learning targets.
To make observation about students’ learning processes
and strategies that will help them figure out how to
improve.
To foster student-efficacy by drawing connections
between students’ work and their mindful, intentional
efforts.
To avoid personal comments.

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Characteristics Purpose
Comparison Usually, to compare student work with established

criteria.
Sometimes, to compare a student’s work with his or her
own past performance.
Rarely, to compare a student’s work with the work of
other students.
Function To describe student work.

To avoid evaluating or “judging” student work in a way
that would stop students from trying to improve.
Valence To use positive comments that describe what is well

done.
To make suggestions about what could be done for
improvement.
Barriers in Giving Feedback

 A fear of upsetting the trainee or damaging the trainee–trainer
relationship
 A fear of doing more harm than good
 The trainee being resistant or defensive when receiving
criticism. Poor handling of a reaction to negative feedback can
result in feedback being disregarded thereafter
 Feedback being too generalized and not related to specific facts
or observations
 Feedback not giving guidance on how to rectify behavior
 Inconsistent feedback from multiple sources
 A lack of respect for the source of feedback.
The Role of Feedback in Learning

Learning involves the interaction of new information provided by
instruction with existing information already in the trainee’s memory.
Feedback’s role in the learning process is not simply information processing,
but a more complex milieu with feedback having an influence on the
learner’s affective and motivational processes, along with cues, participation,
and reinforcement as one of his four elements to determine the quality of

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instruction. It is an important construct for improving instruction and
performance.
Feedback is an essential part of education and training programmes.
It helps learners to 1) maximize their potential at different stages of training,
2) raise their awareness of strengths and areas for improvement, and 3)
identify actions to be taken to improve performance. It is part of the overall
dialogue or interaction between trainer and trainee and not a one-way
communication. Feedback can be seen as informal (e.g. day to day
encounters between trainer and trainee, between peers or colleagues) or
formal (for example as part of written or clinical assessment). It is very
important to ensure that the feedback given to the learner is aligned with
the overall learning outcomes of the programme/teaching session in which
the learner is engaged.
Feedback in Competency-Based Learning

Feedback is vital to success of competency-based training, we all
know that this is a self-paced approach, continuous and instantaneous. The
learning materials provide the means for continuous progress checks.
Results are known quickly, correction and reinforcement are immediate. It is
giving specific information about a trainee’s current behaviour in order to
help him/her either continue the behaviour or modify the behavior.
Providing regular feedback to the trainee regarding his/her work with
you is the most powerful teaching tool a trainer has. It is also the area most
commonly cited as lacking when trainees evaluate trainers. Quite simply,
feedback is the sharing of information about the trainee’s performance. The
feedback should be specific enough that the trainee understands which
behaviours are appropriate and which ones need to be changed. It is most
meaningful when it is based on solid data obtained while observing or
interacting with the trainee. An experienced trainer who has worked on
developing this skill can incorporate feedback comfortably and quickly into
regular interactions with a trainee.
Tools in providing feedback

In CBT, feedback should be immediate and continuous. When using
the modular self-paced method, the trainer is not always there to give face-
to-face feedback but the following tools are used so that the trainee can
evaluate the progress of his learning:
1. Answer key – the answer key in the module is a way of checking

whether the trainee is learning what he has to learn from the
Information Sheet. You should instruct your trainees to always
compare his answers to self-checks with the answer key provided
in the CBLM. Apprehensions on developing dishonesty will be
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resolved if your trainees know that there will be a written test given
as a part of your institutional competency evaluation. Motivate
them to learn knowledge on their own through this process.
2. Performance criteria checklist – this tool is provided in the

CBLM. This is a tool that a trainee can use to evaluate his own
performance when practicing skill. This is a list of criteria which
you should see in the performance of the task or job. Motivate
your trainee to use this as a tool for self-evaluation, peer evaluation
and ultimately for trainer evaluation. Self-evaluation is only good if
the criteria is well-written and well planned.
The Performance Criteria Checklist should include on the list
the four dimensions of competency so that Knowledge, Skills and
Attitude is checked against this list while the task/job is being
practiced.
3. Evaluative feedback – this are feedback given by the trainer as a
result of evaluation. This can be given in a written form as in the
use of the Competency Assessment Result or giving back the
checked and scored test papers. This can also be given orally while
evaluating the performance of a task or job or after a competency
evaluation.
Feedback about the result of competency assessment such as
scores and acquired competency are very important information
which the trainee should be notified of as soon as possible.
Immediate feedback is very critical in learning. The trainee should,
therefore, be informed about his performance, his mistakes and the
gaps in his performance just after the assessment.
4.Other monitoring tool – monitoring tools such as the progress
chart, achievement chart, trainees record book can also be effective
feedback and constant reminders on the learning activities of a
trainee.
Characteristics of Effective Feedback

• It is specific and performance based.
• It is descriptive, not labeling.
• It focuses on the behavior, not the trainee.
• It is based on observations, repeated if possible.
• It begins with "I" statements.
• It balances negative and positive comments.
• It is well timed.

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• It is anchored to common goals (for example, the trainee’s learning
or performance).
• It provides for two-way communication, soliciting, and considering
the receiver’s input.
• It is brief. (Be alert to signs of resistance).
• It is based on trust, honesty, and concern.
• It is private, particularly if it is negative.
• It is part of your regular teaching process, not an exception to the
norm.
• It provides for follow-up.
Guidelines for Providing Constructive Feedback

• All comments should be based upon observable behavior and not
assumed motives or intents.
• Positive comments should be made first in order to give the trainee
confidence and gain his/her attention.
• Language should be descriptive of specific behaviors rather than
general comments indicating value judgments.
• Feedback should emphasize the sharing of information. There
should be opportunities for both parties to contribute.
• Feedback should not be so detailed and broad. It should not
"overload" the trainee.
• Feedback should deal with the behaviors the trainee can control and
change.
• Feedback requires the ability to tolerate a feeling of discomfort.

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Self-Check 2.3-2
Enumeration:
Enumerate the following:
Importance of Feedback in Training
1.
2.
3.
Modes of Providing Feedback
4.
5.
6.
7.
Explain the purpose of the following feedback characteristics

1. Timing
2. Amount
3. Focus
4. Function

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Answer Key 2.3-2
Enumeration:
Importance of Feedback in Training

1. maximize their potential at different stages of training,
2. raise their awareness of strengths and areas for improvement,
3. identify actions to be taken to improve performance.
Modes of providing feedback:

4. Oral
5. Answer key
6. Performance criteria checklist
7. Evaluation Results

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Guidelines in Making the Progress Chart
1. Recommended dimensions of the chart is 4 feet by 6 feet in

dimension so that it can be glanced at by the trainee from any
corner of the workshop
2. The Qualification Title should be written on top
3. It should contain all the Learning Outcomes as reflected in the
Training Regulation.
4. The names of the trainees are reflected on the second column in
alphabetical order.
5. The training duration reflects the nominal duration of the
qualification.
6. All trainers involved in the training are reflected in space provided.
7. Write the legend for recording the accomplishments of trainees.
8. To accomplish the chart, put a check on every learning outcome
finished and a letter “C” on the column for the competency if the
trainee passes the Institutional Competency Evaluation.
Guidelines in making the Achievement Chart

1. Recommended dimensions of the chart is 4 feet by 6 feet in
dimension so that it can be glanced at by the trainee from any
corner of the workshop
2. The qualification title should be written on top.
3. Instead of the Learning Outcomes, the required activities and
outputs are written.
4. The names of the trainees are reflected on the second column in
alphabetical order.
5. The training duration reflects the nominal duration of the
qualification.
6. All trainers involved in the training are reflected in space provided.
7. Write the legend for recording the accomplishments of trainees.
8. To accomplish the chart, put a check on every requirement
satisfied by the trainee and a letter “C” on the column for the
competency if the trainee passes the Institutional Competency
Evaluation.
Note: The guidelines in making the Trainees Record Book and the Trainees
Progress Sheet shall be discussed in the competency Supervise Work-based
Learning.

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Achievement Chart

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Self-Check 2.3-3
Multiple Choice:
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on your
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

Progress Chart
Achievement Chart
Session Plan
Trainee’s Record Book
2. What monitoring tool is used when monitoring the outputs of learning?

Progress Chart
Achievement Chart
Session Plan
3. What chart contains the learning outcomes of a competency?

Progress Chart
Achievement Chart
Session Plan

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Answer Key 2.3-3
1. C
2. B
3. A

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Task Sheet 2.3-3a
Title: Prepare Progress Chart

Performance Objective: Given the TR of the qualification assigned to
you, you should be able to prepare the progress chart following the
guidelines for preparing a progress chart.
Supplies/Materials : TR, CBC, Bond papers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Acquire the TR or CBC of the qualification assigned to you.
2. Prepare the Progress Chart of the qualification including the LOs
of the Basic and Common Competencies using the recommended
format.
3. Follow the guidelines in Information Sheet 2.3-3 in preparing the
progress chart.
4. Evaluate your work using the Performance Criteria Checklist.
Assessment Method:
Portfolio

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Performance Criteria 2.3-3a
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you..
lift the Competencies from the TR or the CBC?
include basic competencies in the chart?
include Common competencies in the chart?
include Core competencies in the Progress Chart?
reflect all LOs of the Core Competencies in the chart?
write a legend for recording achievements to the progress

chart?

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Task Sheet 2.3-3b
Title: Prepare Achievement Chart

Performance Objective: Given the CBLM of the qualification assigned to
you, you should be able to prepare the progress chart.
Supplies/Materials : TR, CBC, Bond papers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Acquire the TR or CBC of the qualification assigned to you.
2. Prepare the Achievement Chart of the qualification using the
recommended format.
3. Follow the guidelines discussed in Information Sheet 2.3-3.
4. Write all outputs and Tasks/Jobs to be performed in a
competency.
5. Evaluate your work using the Performance Criteria Checklist.
Assessment Method:
Portfolio

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Performance Criteria 2.3-3b
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you..
lift the Competencies from the TR or the CBC
include required tasks/Job to be performed as a part of the

learning activities?
include required outputs/projects for the competency?
lift base the outputs and tasks/Jobs to be performed from

your CBLM?
write a legend for recording accomplishments?
base your chart on recommended format?

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The Competency Based Training Procedures
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to
1. discuss the procedures in managing CBT;
2. enumerate the aspects of the training that needs to be discussed
during the orientation.
In the previous discussions, you gathered information about the
characteristics of trainees, their current competencies and their training
needs. You were also presented with different modes and methods of
teaching in the first competency of the Teaching Methodology course.
Our main concern now is how to make use of this information in
actual training. How do we handle trainees with varied characteristics and
different training needs considering the Principles of Competency Based
Training?
Delivery and Evaluation Activities
To effectively carry out the delivery of learning the following steps are
hereby recommended:
Pre-training activities
1. Construct pre-assessment instruments
2. Prepare TNA instruments
3. Prepare session plan
4. Develop CBLM for your qualification
5. Layout your workshop by workstation following the CBT Principles
6. Organize training resources
7. Monitoring of attendance
Although attendance is not a basis in evaluating trainees in CBT, the
trainer should still monitor the attendance of his trainees. This serves as a
basis for the planning of the activities for the day specially if there are
limited training resources. Monitoring attendance need not use the
traditional way of checking attendance but the trainer can devise a way in
which attendance (time-in and time-out) are recorded. Log books, biometric
system or Bundy clock are some ways of recording.

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Conduct TNA and pre-assessment
Training Need Analysis (TNA) reveals important data such as the
current competencies and trainees’ characteristics. These are basis for the
planning and scheduling of training sessions.
Schedule training sessions
Training schedule is based on trainees’ characteristics and current
competencies. Trainer should be creative enough to maximize use of
available resources to facilitate learning. Training methodologies may vary
trainee by trainee. Small group maybe formed for some competencies
wherein fast learners may serve as leaders. In some cases a trainee may opt
to learn alone.
Trainees choose competency
For TM, Plan Training Session is a prerequisite to all other
competencies except the competency Utilize Multi-Media Materials in
Facilitating Session. It is, therefore, the first competency that trainees
should learn. You have to design your first training sessions for the
attainment of the learning outcomes of Plan Training Sessions.
Prepare training facilities and resources
Assign Trainees in their workstations
Assign trainees depending on Trainees current competencies and the
availability of training resources
Orient Trainees
Orientation of Trainees to Competency Based Training
To acquaint trainees of the environment in Competency Based
Training, an orientation program is very important. It is during orientation
that trainers motivate students about the program and its benefits to
trainees. This is the time when you get trainees excited about the prospects
of getting real occupational training and confident that they can succeed in
the training program.
There are two levels of the orientation program, the orientation about
the institution and the orientation about your particular qualification.
Orientation about the institution

Usually, training institutions that start qualifications at the same time
orient students about the institution during the Trainees’ Induction
Program. It is during this time that trainees get acquainted with the school
faculty and staff, facilities, programs and services. If arrangements
warrants, this orientation is a responsibility of an orientation committee
preferably headed by the guidance counselor. But if schedules do not allow
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for a mass orientation, it is your responsibility as the assessor to orient
them about the institution.
Orientation about the qualification or training program
Aside from orienting the trainees about the Competency Based
Training System, the following elements of CBT needs to be discussed before
the start of any training program:
1. The role of the trainee
2. The role of the trainer
3. Basic operations in which the training operates
4. The competencies that has to be covered based on TR
5. The use of the CBLM
6. The CBLM basically has instructions in itself but trainees need to
be acquainted with its parts to ensure that every part will not be
neglected. Orient trainees on the importance of each part in the
training.
7. Instructional Facilities and Resources
8. A tour of the workshop during the orientation maybe needed to
familiarize the students about facilities existing in the workshop
and how they will be accessed and returned. Their role in the
maintenance of the tools is reiterated during this time
9. The workshop and its stations
10. The evaluation system
11. The trainees will always be interested on how they will be rated.
They should know what to be and how they will be evaluated, how
achievements will be recorded and what credits to get after the
training.
Guide Trainees in doing the activities of the session

The trainee is guided by the CBLM about the activities to be
undertaken through the learning activities page. All instruction sheets are
also provided with necessary sections which will serve as a guide in
undertaking the activities such as the Occupational Health and Safety
practices, tools and materials needed, standards to be met and speed.
Provide feedback on the on-going activities
Self-Checks, Task/Job Sheet, Operation Sheets, and assignment
sheets are provided with Performance Criteria Checklist or Procedural
Checklist to serve as a guide for trainees in checking their own work but it is
also important that trainers check the performance of each trainee. Always
remember that immediate feedback . is critical in

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Provide remedial activities such as lecture/discussions for
knowledge or additional Task/Job Sheets for practice as the need
arises.
Since learning is self-paced, trainees are expected to finish at different
times and maybe doing different things at a time. Slow learners would need
more guidance than the others. The trainer should be very sensitive about
the needs of trainees with special needs such that of the slow learners. In
some cases, several task sheets to practice would be needed before they are
ready for more complex activities such that in the Job Sheet. The trainer
should use his judgment and ingenuity in providing these to his trainees.
This would eventually increase the materials in the CBLM and improve the
efficiency of the training program.
Record achievement of trainees on the Progress Chart and
Accomplishment Chart
A Progress Chart and an Accomplishment Chart is a record of all the
accomplished activities and acquired Learning Outcomes of the trainee.
They are essentially references for both the trainer and the trainee about the
on-going training. The progress chart and the Accomplishment chart reflect
important feedback which may be bases for the adjustments in the teaching
learning process. If the progress chart shows that a trainee is too slow, for
example, the trainee would be motivated to catch up with the others. The
trainer, on the other hand, could be alarmed and find ways in guiding the
trainee to achieve better.
Evaluate trainees’ performance
The performance of the task and job sheets are venues for practicing a
task or a skill based on the criteria in the Performance Criteria Checklist.
The Performance checklist for the particular Job/Task Sheet is likewise the
basis for formative evaluation of the trainee’s performance. A well prepared
Competency Assessment (Institutional) for each competency is however,
encouraged for summative evaluation.
Provide Feedback on the result of the evaluation

Results of evaluation should be immediately communicated to the
trainees.
Decide whether the trainee advances to the next competency or to

do more practice activities

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In doing the activities above, take note of the following principles:
Effective facilitation involves acquiring
students and using that knowledge to develop o
session.
Effective facilitation involves
onents
aligning
of t
instruction: learning objectives, assessments a
The CBLM as the primary learning material is provided with the
following to allow self-paced learning:
 Information sheet – learning objectives are stipulated at the
start of each information sheet.
 Job/task/operation Sheets - provides opportunity for trainees
to practice skills related to the learning objective.
 Performance Criteria/Procedural Checklist – provides feedback
on the performance of the activities in the Instructional Sheets.
It is a benchmark of performance criteria for the trainee for self-
assessment and for the trainer to assess trainee’s performance.
Effective facilitation
ating involves
explicit articul
expectation
learning objectives and policies.
Being clear about the objectives of learning and communicating them
explicitly to the trainees learn more and perform better. It gives trainees a
clear target to aim and to monitor.
Effective facilitation involves prioritizin
choose to focus on.
Too many topics work against learning so you have to decide what you
will not include in the course. This involves (a) recognizing the parameters
of the course (b) setting priorities (c) determining course content that will be
useful in attaining objectives set by the Competency Standards.
Effective facilitation involves recognizing
blind spots.
We are not our trainees. Experts tend to perform acquired skills
unconsciously that they tend to become inherent in the trainer so we tend to
skip or combine critical steps when we teach. The trainer should be keen
enough to break skills into smaller tasks so that trainees can practice them
well before they can combine them with other tasks.
Effective facilitation involves adopting a
support our learning goals.

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Self-Check 2.3-4
Enumeration:
Enumerate the aspects of the training that needs to be explained during the
orientation.

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Self-Check 2.3-4
Your answers should include the following:

1. CBT Procedures
2. The role of the trainer
3. The role of the trainee
4. The competencies that has to be covered based on TR
5. The use of the CBLM
6. Instructional Facilities and Resources
7. Workshop and its stations
8. The evaluation system

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Job Sheet 2.3-4
Title: Facilitate Training Session

Performance Objective: Given trainees for your qualification,
YOU MUST be able to facilitate one training session using the
Competency Based Training delivery approach.
Supplies/Materials : TR, CBC, CBLM, Bond papers,
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare training facilities and resources
2. Monitor the attendance of trainees
3. Orient Trainees on a condition that this is the first time you meet
a group of trainees and TNA has been previously conducted.
4. Assign trainees in their workstations
5. Guide trainees in undergoing the activities
6. Provide feedback as the training is going on
7. Evaluate performance of trainees based on Performance Criteria
Checklist
8. Record trainees’ achievement on Progress Chart and
Accomplishment Chart.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration, Portfolio Assessment, Questioning

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After the Meeting
Review the notes and add additional comments, or clarify what you
didn’t understand right after the meeting. Do this while the information is
fresh in everyone’s mind. Type your notes out in the template you created
before the meeting – this will make the notes easier for everyone to read and
use.
When you’re writing out your notes, use some of the following tips
from the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP).
 Number the pages as you go so you aren’t confused later.

Remember, though, that the minute-taker is responsible for
providing good flow. Don’t force yourself to write the minutes in
the actual chronological order of the discussion - it may not
work.
 Focus on action items, not discussion. The purpose of minutes
is to define decisions made and to record what actions are to be
taken, by whom and when.
 Be objective. Write in the same tense throughout and avoid
using people’s names except for motions or seconds. This is a
business document, not about who said what.
 Avoid inflammatory or personal observations. The fewer
adjectives or adverbs you use, the better. Dull writing is the key
to appropriate minutes.
 If you need to refer to other documents, attach them in an
appendix or indicate where they may be found. Don’t rewrite
their intent or try to summarize them.
When you finish typing the minutes, ask the meeting moderator to
review the document for errors. Send the final copy of the minutes to
attendees right away. Keep a copy of the notes (and the template) for
yourself in case someone wants to review them later.
Recording meeting minutes ensures that the decisions and actions

resulting from a meeting aren’t lost or forgotten. By taking the time to record
proper meeting notes you’ll make sure the time and effort that goes into a
meeting isn’t wasted. (Effective Meetings.com)

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Self-Check 2.3-5
Multiple Choice:
answer sheet.
1. In a focus group discussion, he leads the discussion.

Moderator
Secretary
Trainer
Assistant leader
2. A member of the focus group who takes notes of the discussions and
decisions made.
Moderator
Secretary
Trainer
Assistant leader
3. The documentation of the discussions and decisions made in a focus

group discussion is the
Minutes of the meeting
Observation result
Moderator’s notes
Pictures
II. Enumeration:
Enumerate the following:
1. Tips on how to encourage a member’s participation in a focus group

discussion. (give at least 5)
2. Questions which may be asked to get more information on the responses

of a member. (give at least 5)

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Answer Key 2.3-5
Multiple Choice:
1. A
2. B
3. A
Enumeration
1. Tips on how to encourage a member’s participation in a focus group
discussion.
o Ask participants to think about an issue for a few minutes and

write down their responses.
o Ask each participant to read, and elaborate on, one of their
responses.
o Note the responses on a whiteboard.
o Once everyone has given a response, participants will be asked
for a second or third response, until all of their answers have
been noted.
o These responses can then be discussed.
o Don’t ask more than one question at a time, even if the
questions go together. Participants usually cannot remember
several questions at one time, and asking multiple questions
makes it hard for them to know where to start.
o Frequently repeat key phrases from the question. Participants
tend to lose focus on the question after 2-3 other participants
have responded to it. Repeating key phrases from the question
at strategic times, or asking participants to link their response
to key terms in the question will help participants stay focused.
o Be Comfortable with Silence. It is also important that
moderators be comfortable with silence and “pregnant pauses.”
Some participants may participate more if they have more time
to consider the question before they speak.

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2. Questions which may be asked to get more information on the responses
of a member.
a. Would you explain further?
b. Would you give me an example of what you mean?
c. Would you say more?
d. Tell us more.
e. Is there anything else?
f. Please describe what you mean.
g. I don’t understand.
h. Does anyone see it differently?
i. Has anyone had a different experience?

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Minutes of the Meeting Template
Minutes of the Meeting

Focus Group Discussion
Date: ________________________
Agenda:
Competency-based Training Delivery
Present:
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
4. ____________
CBT Concerns Discussions Resolutions/Agreement

1. CBT Layout
2. Monitoring of
Attendance
3. Utilization of work area
4. Orientation
a. CBT
b. Roles
c. TR
d. CBLM
e. Facilities
f. Evaluation system
5. RPL
6. Teaching methods and

technique
7. Monitoring of
learning activities
a. Achievement chart
b. Progress chart
8. Feedback
9. Slow learners
10. Other concerns

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Job Sheet 2.3-5
Title: Undergo Focus Group Discussion on Facilitate Training Session
Performance Objective: After observing the Job Sheet 2.3-4

(Facilitate Training Session), you should be able to undergo a focus
group discussion with a group of trainees and list down observations
about the activity
Supplies/Materials : CBLM, Bond papers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Form a group of five.

2. Observe the demonstration of each member on Job Sheet 2.4-4
(Facilitate Training Session).
3. As the demonstration is going on each member shall act as a
trainee and at the same time an evaluator. You should fill-up
the Performance Criteria Checklist and list down observations
about the demonstration.
4. After the demonstration, assign a leader and a secretary from
among the trainees to facilitate the discussion.
5. Use the Performance Criteria Checklists as a guide during the
discussion.
6. The secretary shall take the minutes of the meeting.
7. The secretary should list down common observations and
recommendations that arise during the group discussion.
8. Submit the minutes of the meeting to your trainer.
Assessment Method:
Questioning

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CRITERIA YES NO
Were all the members of the group present during the
discussion?
Did each member have the performance criteria checklist
filled-up?
Is there a maximum participation of all members?
Are the members encouraged and motivated in giving their
observations?
Is there a minutes of the meeting?
Is the template for minutes of the meeting used?
Did all members sign the minutes to agree on the contents?
Are the courses of action or decisions made properly stated in
the specified column?
Are suggestions and recommendations included in the
summary?

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LEARNING OUTCOME #4 Conduct Competency
Assessment
CONTENTS:
Institutional Competency Evaluation
1. Competency assessment procedures is explained to the learners
according to guidelines
2. Competency assessment tools, materials and equipment are
provided to the learners.
3. Evidences are gathered and documented using relevant
assessment tools
4. Appropriate feedback mechanism is used to inform learner of
his/her progress
5. Assessment results are documented and records are and kept
in according to guidelines
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENT
Computer
LCD
White board
Learning Packages
Bond Paper
Manuals
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1. Demonstration & Oral Questioning
2. Portfolio
3. Written Test

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Learning Outcome 4
Conduct Institutional Competency Assessment
Read information sheet 2.4-1 on

the This Learning Outcome
Institutional Competency Evaluation deals with conducting the
institutional competency
Answer Self-Check 2.4-1 evaluation. This
Compare answers to Answer Key 2.4-1 evaluation is done every
after a trainee finishes all
Perform Job Sheet 2.4-1 on how to conduct learning activities of a
institutional competency evaluation competency using the
Institutional Competency
Evaluate performance using the performance Evaluation Tool you
criteria checklist prepared in LO4 of Plan
Training Session.
The learning activities on
the right will guide you
through learning this LO.

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Institutional Competency Evaluation
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to outline the
steps in conducting learning evaluation.
Learning evaluation’s primary goal is to assess trainee’s performance
with the purpose of adjusting the training process so that it meets the
trainees’ training needs. Learning evaluation may take place anytime during
the training. Self-evaluation is done by the trainee based on the
performance criteria for each activity, formative evaluation is done by the
trainers to check the accomplishments and to evaluate the level of
competencies for purposes of adjustments in the training and a summative
evaluation is done at the end of the training to assess trainees’ performance
and knowledge of trainees.
In this Information Sheet we shall be discussing about the
Institutional Competency Evaluation which is done for every competency.
Remember that in CBT, you are training trainees by competency. Before he
advances to another competency or before assigning him to another
competency you should test his current competency using the Evaluation
Tools previously prepared.
In competency based training, learning evaluation essentially
measures the sufficiency of trainees’ performance, knowledge and attitudes
compared to a set competency standard. Institutional Competency
Evaluation is done to check whether the competencies set in the Training
Regulations and the Competency Based Curriculum is met by the trainee. It
is one of the bases for giving the Certificate of Achivement to the trainee.
Since training is self-paced, institutional assessment may be done
anytime a trainee is ready to be assessed.
The Assessment Logbook

The assessment logbook is a schedule of trainees ready to be assessed
for the day. You should prepare this logbook and have it accomplished by
your trainees anytime they are ready to be assessed. This tool will help you
schedule the limited equipment that you have in your workshop. In case
your equipment is used for both training and institutional assessment,
trainees should be assigned to other learning areas of the competency they
are training on to give way for assessment.
This tool is very important when more than one trainee is to be assessed
in a particular day considering that normally the trainer is also the assessor
of the institutional competency evaluation and you are doing training and
assessment at the same time.
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Preparations for Institutional Competency Assessment
Prior to institutional assessment, the trainer should prepare the
following:
 Competency Evaluation tool
 Answer sheet for written test
 Marking sheets
 Tools, materials and equipment needed for assessment
 A well lighted and well-ventilated assessment area within the
workshop
Methods used in Institutional Competency Evaluation
1. Written test – the written test is usually given to test the

knowledge aspect of the competency. This type of test is therefore
a must in the evaluation. It is usually administered first before the
performance test. It is recommended that the passing score for the
written test is 70% of the total test items. This is to ensure that
trainees learn the concepts of the competency as they learn the
skills.
2. Demonstration with questioning – this method is viewed to be
the most appropriate method of evaluation for institutional
competency evaluation as long as the materials, supplies and
equipment mimic those that are in the actual work area. This
method allows you to set the procedures of the performance test,
the time allotment and the assessment activities so that all criteria
in the evidence plan will be observed.
You should follow-up the performance with questions. In
case, you are not sure that the criteria in the evidence plan are
substantially evident, you should ask follow-up questions using
your questioning tools. Usually, there is a need for you to ask
questions on Job Role and environment and contingency
management skills. You are not required to ask all questions in the
assessment tool.
3. Observation with questioning – this is a method used in the
actual work area. This method maybe applicable to some
competencies especially if assessment cannot be done within the
workshop. If your materials and equipment are not appropriate or
insufficient, it is wiser to use this method.
An example of an assessment which may use this method is
“laying brick/blocks for structure”. Assessment for this
competency can never be done inside the workshop since you
cannot lay blocks then remove it after. You have do the
assessment in an area where there is a need to lay blocks. In this
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way you will be able to observe the trainee perform the competency
and gather the evidences in the evidence guide.
Sometimes Observation method has an advantage over
demonstration method because you can directly observe Job Role
and environment management skills because the customer, the
boss(the owner), and the environment are there. Adjustments
maybe needed because of factors of the inclination of the ground
and customer’s request which will eventually test the contingency
management skill of the trainee.
Other methods of assessment maybe used as you deem more
applicable and may vary from competency to competency.
Before the test

1. Give a short description of the assessment
2. Orient the trainees about:
 the evidence requirements that has to be observed during the
assessment process
 what type of tests will be given
 how the evidences of competencies will be gathered
 time allotted for each activity
3. Give specific instruction as slowly and as clearly
4. Specify the do’s and don’ts specially on concerns of safety
5. Issue tools and materials in orderly manner.
6. Assign each trainee to an assessment area.
During the test

1. Make all necessary announcements just before the test.
2. Help trainees overcome their nervousness, distractions and
irritation.
3. Administer the written test. A passing score should be attained by
the trainee before he proceeds to the performance test.
4. Ensure that trainees are in appropriate working attire during the
performance test.
5. Explain thoroughly the procedures of the performance test.
6. Be present at the test area during the entire test.
7. Observe carefully the specified time limits.

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8. Stop the trainee if they destroy equipment or work in hazardous
manner.
9. Give follow up questions in case a performance criteria is not
demonstrated.
10. Closely watch the demonstration of critical aspects of
competency
11. Tick on the performance criteria on the rating sheets observed
as demonstrated as the performance test is going on.
After the test

1. Provide immediate feedbacks starting with positive feedback to the
performance that needs improvement.
2. In case the trainee is not yet competent on an area, advice him to
go back to the particular task he failed to perform for more
practice.
3. Re-assess the candidate on the competency that he did not
perform well.
4. Record the result to the Institutional Evaluation Record Sheet and
the Progress Chart.
5. You may award the Certificate of Achievement the following day.

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Job Sheet 2.4-1
Title: Conduct Institutional Competency Evaluation

Performance Objective: Given an assessment package and the materials
needed for assessment, you should be able to conduct institutional
competency evaluation following the standard procedures.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Secure Institutional Competency Evaluation Tool.
2. Prepare the supplies and materials.
3. Orient the trainees based on the given guidelines above.
4. Conduct the assessment
a. Check Portfolio (if applicable)
b. Administer and score written test
c. Conduct performance test
d. Interview the trainee using the questioning tools in the package
5. Analyze assessment result
6. Provide feedback to the trainees
7. If not yet competent, ask trainee to go back to corresponding
work station for the tasked not performed satisfactorily.
8. If competent, record the result of the assessment on progress
chart.
9. Award the Certificate

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– positive attitude towards work, co-workers and the
environment is a very important component of training that
needs to be evaluated. A rating system on how the training
program developed their positive work attitude maybe
helpful in evaluating the effectiveness the training program.
d. Program Implementation – the approach of implementing the training
program.
– CBT implementation review and evaluation will be most
effective if the methods on how the following categories of
program implementation are analyzed:
d.1 Program Design and implementation
d.2 Course Content
d.3 Training Methodology
d.4 Program Adminstration and Management
d.5 Trainer’s Competence
We will be using pre-test/post test method to test for knowledge and
Questionnaire will be used to gather data for skill, attitude and program
implementation.
Feedback
In order to review your training you will need to gather feedback. It is
useful to gather this feedback at the end of each session so that you can
think about whether you need to make any changes to your next session.
For reporting
Feedback can be obtained from participants, other people like other
trainers or supervisor and yourself.
Sometimes you need to report feedback in order to help management
make decisions about whether to continue the program as it was, change it
or stop it. Feedback can be gathered in a number of ways. The table lists
the most commonly used methods, their advantages and disadvantages.
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Evaluation sheets Cheap and easy to use Cannot identify skills acquired
Identifies areas for improvement Gives limited information
Interviews with Provides useful information Time consuming
trainees or supervisor Explores problems in depth Effectiveness depends on the
skills of the interviewer
Supervisor’s Can use checklist May influence performance
observation Provides expert opinion Time consuming
Evaluation Provides useful in-depth information Time consuming, costly
workshops Provides opportunity for open Results difficult to report
discussion Need an experienced facilitator

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CBT Evaluation Tools
The table below shows some information gathering tools:

Information Required Evaluation Tool
1. seek expression of satisfaction with Rating scale
the training process from the Written comments
trainees
2. examine his/her own perceptions of Rating scale (self-evaluation)
the success of the training process Written comments from trainees
3. examine success of the training Focus group discussion on specific
program in the light of the subject criteria
criteria
4. examine success of the training Passing rates in assessments
program in light of the area of the Average training time to achieve
objective criteria satisfactory level performance
5. review success of training program Rating scale on applicability of
in meeting enterprise goals competencies acquired
Written comments
Impact of evaluation
6. examine own performance Evaluation of preparation, timeliness,
thoroughness, attitude towards
trainees, closing training session.
Rating Sheets
In preparing a rating sheet to evaluate competency based training, a
trainer must recall the characteristics of an ideal competency based training
(CBT). Group the characteristics into the following aspects, preparation,
delivery, support system and facilities. For ease of analysis a recommended
rating scale should be used such as the Likert scale.
A sample evaluation tool and an analysis follow in the succeeding
pages. The rating sheet will however depend on what the trainer need to
know or verify about his performance as a trainer or the appropriateness of
the methodologies that are used.

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Focus Group Discussion
To use a focus group discussion as a form of evaluation, you will have

to list down discussion questions, which focuses on the areas you want to
evaluate. Examples or questions for discussion are the following:
1. What are the competencies you have acquired from the training
that are very useful?
2. Do you think the training prepared you with the competencies
required in the workplace?
3. What do you think are the weaknesses and strength of the CBT
program?
4. What improvements can you suggest for the program?
Once questions are prepared you can organize a meeting where all
respondents will be present to give their opinions and come up with a
concession.
Document review
This is done to gather information relating to the average training time
of learners to acquire the desired level of competency, to identify the success
rates in national and institutional assessment, and to summarize the
written comments of participants, supervisor and other stakeholders.
Available data such as the individual records of trainees, national
assessment results as in RWAC and results of focus group discussion or
satisfaction surveys and other related researches that covers a certain
period of time.
Self Evaluation
An important part of the evaluation process is self evaluation. Self

evaluation can take place during your training session as you reflect on how
things are going. This will help you make any instant changes to your plan
in response to the situation.
Self evaluation can also take place after training session when you ask
yourself in-depth questions about whether there are things to be changed or
problems to be solved.
The following strategies can be used for evaluating your own training
and help you improve:
1. Take a video of the CBT and look for ways to improve yourself
2. Ask for feedback from colleagues and other trainers
3. Compare your training methods and techniques with other
trainers.

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A template below is used as instruments for self evaluation
During the session did I YES NO

Establish an atmosphere of trust?
Encourage all trainees to speak and contribute ideas?
Assist the less articulate to express their ideas?
Consider all contributions to be worthwhile?
Remain aware of non verbal communication?
Praise/appreciate effort?
Summarize key points?
Used varied activities and task
Provide opportunities for practice?
Achieve the stated learning objectives?
Questions to answer
1. Were there any parts of the session which did not run as expected?
Why?
2. Did any unexpected problem arise?
3. Were the session outcomes achieved? If not why?
4. Should anything be changed for the next session?

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Self-Check 2.5-1
Enumeration:
Enumerate the 5 ways of evaluating and reviewing the effectivity of training
sessions

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Answer Key 2.5-1
1. Training Evaluation
2. Focus Group Discussion
3. Document Review
4. Self-Evaluation
5. Feedback

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PRE-TEST POST-TEST Analysis
Learning Objective:
1. explain the advantage of using a pre-test/post test in testing
knowledge;
2. determine the statistical tool used to analyze pre-test and post test
scores.
The acquisition of knowledge is one of the most important components

of training. To test the effectiveness of a competency-based training
program this component should be evaluated.
In this lesson, you will be introduced to this method of evaluation
which is one important aspect of program review and evaluation.
Pre-Test Post Test

Tests administered upon an agreed upon "entry point" and "exit
point." These tests can be standardized or locally-developed.
Pre-test is a preliminary test administered to determine a student's
baseline knowledge or preparedness for an educational experience, course or
qualification.
Posttest is a test given to trainees after completion of the course or
qualification and used in conjunction with a pre-test to measure their
achivement and the effectiveness of the training program.
Pre-Test/Post test is not limited to written test. Performance test can
also be used. But for our purpose, we will use the written test as a measure
of knowledge.
To serve our purpose, we shall be using a trainer-made test that is
item-analyzed. True or False and Multiple Choice Type of written test is
therefore most appropriate.
Advantages:
 Useful method for measuring the "value-added" by a program of

study
 The "after-only" design of documenting learning is a weak
approach because positive change cannot necessarily be
attributed to the effectiveness of a program.

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 Pre-tests serve several purposes: knowledge of the current
status of a group may provide guidance for future activities as
well as the basis of comparison for a post-test results;
administering a test of entry behavior can determine whether
assumed prerequisites have been achieved.
Disadvantages:
 Hard to discern if the positive change charted in a pre-post test

is due to learning in the workshop or simply natural
maturation.
 Due to trainee’s dropping out, the post-test results may be
higher because those who remain are more successful or
persistent.
 Problems with statistics: if the control group scored so low that
they can only go up, or the control group that scored so high
little improvement will be indicated in the post-test scores.
 If using the same test for both the pre- and post-test, some
argue that trainees will absorb knowledge just from taking the
test and will attend more readily to the content. To avoid this,
we shall be using other evaluation instruments to back-up our
analysis.
 Concentrates on value-added rather than outcomes assessment.
 Tendency to teach to the post-test
Statistical Analysis
The statistical tool which is most appropriate to analyze data on pre-

test and post test shall be paired t-test.
T-test is an inferential test that determines if there is a significant
difference between the means of two data sets.
t-test (For Paired Samples) - Use this test to compare two small sets of
quantitative data when data in each sample set are related in a special way.
Criteria
 The number of points in each data set must be the same, and they
must be organized in pairs, in which there is a definite relationship
between each pair of data points
 If the data were taken as random samples, you must use the
independent test even if the number of data points in each set is the
same
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 Even if data are related in pairs, sometimes the paired t is still
inappropriate
 Here's a simple rule to determine if the paired t must not be used - if a
given data point in group one could be paired with any data point in
group two, you cannot use a paired t test
Since statistical software are now ready available, we shall be using

the computer to compute for the p-value which shall be basis of our
analysis.
Since majority of the trainers are using Microsoft Office Applications,
we shall be using Microsoft Excel Analysis Toolpak to analyze our data.
At this point, you shall now install the application on your computer.
Please have your computer around while you do the following steps:
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button ,

2. then click Excel Options.
Note: These steps are for a

Microsoft Office 2007 version, if
you are using another version,
please consult your trainer.

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3. Click Add-ins, and then
in the Manage box,
select Excel Add-ins.
4. Click Go.
5. In the Add-Ins available box, select

the Analysis ToolPak check box, and
then click OK.
Tip If Analysis ToolPak is not listed

in the Add-Ins available box, click
Browse to locate it.

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6. If you are prompted that the Analysis ToolPak is not currently
installed on your computer, click Yes to install it.
After installing Analysis Toolpak you will see the data analysis icon on
your Data Toolbar

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The Statistical Table
The analysis table of the pre-test and posttest using paired t-test will
look like the table below:
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
POST-
TEST PRE -TEST
Mean 60.36842105 53.73684211
Variance 20.02339181 68.98245614
Observations 19 19
Pearson Correlation 0.572280623
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 18
t Stat 4.240504413
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000245961
t Critical one-tail 2.552379618
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000491922
t Critical two-tail 2.878440471
If your statistic is higher than the critical value from the table:
 Your finding is significant.

 You reject the null hypothesis.
 The probability is small that the difference or relationship happened
by chance, and p is less than the critical alpha level (p < alpha ).
If your statistic is lower than the critical value from the table:
 Your finding is not significant.

 You fail to reject the null hypothesis.
 The probability is high that the difference or relationship happened by
chance, and p is greater than the critical alpha level (p > alpha ).
In our example above, the average for post test is equal to 60.37 and
53.74 for pre-test. The t-statistic is equal to 4.24 and t-crical value = 2.55.
Since t-statistic is greater than t-critical value, we reject the null hypothesis.

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In this case the null hypothesis is “the are no significant differences
between pre-test and posttest scores” and the alternate hypothesis is “there
are significant differences between pre-test and post test scores”. Stated in
layman’s language the null hypothesis means that pre-test score is equal to
the posttest scores or the scores did not increase. The alternate hypothesis
on the other hand, means that pre-test scores are not equal to the post test
scores or the scores increased.
Analyzing the result of the above example, since the null hypothesis is
rejected, we accept the alternate hypothesis which is “there are significant
differences between the pre-test and post test scores”. Conclusion is the
scores increased.
Instead of comparing the t-critical and t-statistical values to determine
significant difference, you may also compare the alpha level and p-values. In
our example, because the p-value is less than the alpha level, the alternate
hypothesis is accepted. However, if the p-value was greater than the alpha
level, p>α, the null hypothesis would be retained. If your alpha is .01 and
your p-value = 0.00025 there are significant differences between treatment
means at .01 level of significance.
An alpha level represents the number of times out of 100 you are
willing to be incorrect if you reject the null hypothesis. If you choose an
alpha level of 0.05, 5 times out of 100 you will be incorrect if you reject the
null hypothesis. Those five times, both means would equal, but that's about
it. 95 times out of 100, you will be correct because it is more likely that the
means are not equal.

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Sample Analysis
Presented below is a hypothetical data of the pretest and posttest
scores which will be the basis of our discussions and example for analyzing
the results of a pretest and post test.
Student pretest score posttest score

1 23 27
2 23 28
3 15 20
4 24 30
5 26 32
6 22 24
7 20 25
8 28 26
9 30 35
10 27 27
11 25 30
12 28 33
13 32 32
14 30 35
15 33 33
16 27 27
17 25 25
18 20 30
19 30 35
20 31 27
21 22 40
22 34 40
23 26 30
24 31 34
25 29 34

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Graph of the Pretest and Post Test Scores
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10 pretest score
5 posttest score
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
From the pretest and post test scores above, the graph is generated.
The blue line represents the pretest scores of the trainees and the red line
represents posttest scores. Generally, the red line is higher that the blue
line which means that post test scores are generally higher than the pretest
scores although some students did not show an increase in score like in the
case of trainee 15, 16 and 17.
To establish that there is an increase in scores statistically, we test
the null hypothesis “there are no significant differences between the pre and
post test scores” using paired t-test.
Note: An average, say 25 and 26 may obviously be different but may not differ
statistically. There is a need to statistically analyze data, to test whether
test scores are statistically different.

Methodology Level I
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Microsoft Excel provides statistical tools to do this
Using Excel to analyze data
1. Type your data in excel
To perform paired t-test, select Data

1. Click on the icon Data
Analysis (the dialog
box on Analysis Tools
will appear)

Methodology Level I
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2. Click t-Test: paired Two sample for means
Then click OK
3. Click on the red arrow beside the blank area for Variable 1 Range,
select the range of scores for
posttest, then click on the
arrow again.
4. Click on the red arrow beside
the blank area for Variable 2
Range, select the range for
pretest scores, then click on
the red arrow to go back to the
dialog box.
5. On the blank area for
Hypothesized Mean Difference
type 0.
6. Select the output range( or the
range where the table will
appear)
7. Then click OK
Note: In case you cannot do this on your own ask the assistance of your
trainer. A sample analysis is provided in your CD.

Methodology Level I
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Self-Check 2.5-2
Multiple Choice:
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on the
space provided before the number.
1. The test or examination that is used to get data on the baseline

knowledge of a trainee is the
pre-test
post-test
performance test
written test
2. The test given to test the achievement of trainees is the

pre-test
post-test
performance test
written test
3. The statistical tool that is used to test the significant differences between
two treatment means.
Paired t-test
T-test
Analysis of variance
Alpha
4. Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

There are significant differences between the pre-test and post test
score
There is an increase in the yield of a variety of rice organic fertilizer
is used.
There are no significant differences between the growth rate of
sample A and sample B.
The average scores of group A is not equal to the average scores of
group B

Methodology Level I
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Answer Key 2.5-2
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C

Methodology Level I
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Task Sheet 2.5-2
Title: Analyze pre-test/post test results

Performance Objective: Given a set of hypothetical pre-test and post
test score, you should be able to analyze the data using paired t-test.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Acquire a hypothetical data from your trainer.

2. Graph the data using the line graph.
3. Using the analysis tool pak of MS Excel or any other statistical
software, generate the t-test table.
4. Prepare an analysis with the following parts:
a. Interpretation of data
b. Statistical analysis
c. Conclusions
d. recommendations
5. Present your work to your trainer
Assessment Method:
Portfolio

Methodology Level I
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CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…
get the hypothetical data from your trainee?
draw a graph showing the line for pre-test and post
test score?
use t-test as the statistical analysis?
did you use a statistical software to generate you t-
test table?
did you write an analysis of the computed values
with the following parts:
a. Interpretation of data
b. Statistical analysis
c. Conclusions
d. recommendations

Methodology Level I
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Training Evaluation Analysis
1. describe how to use the 5 point Likert scale in analyzing data from
a questionnaire;
2. enumerate the data of a training evaluation that can be measured
by the questionnaire suggested.
3. explain how the acquisition of skills and attitudes maybe measured
using a questionnaire
In the previous Information Sheet we discussed how to analyze the
effectivity of the training program in terms of the knowledge domain using
the pre-test/posttest analysis.
In this lesson we will discuss how to use a questionnaire in measuring
the effectivity of a program in training skills and attitude. The training
program evaluation form prepared herein also measures how CBT was
implemented.
Training Evaluation
Training evaluation is designed to determine the effectiveness of the
training in achieving its objectives.
Among the importance of having a training evaluation are the
following:
1. Training evaluation tells us about the effectiveness or quality of
training in terms of achieving its effects, outcomes and impacts.
2. Training evaluation tells us if a training activity needs to be
continued, redesigned, or discontinued.
3. Knowing the effects of training is very important in objective setting
4. The expected effects found in the objectives help us decide on the
choice of method, design and tool to use in evaluating training
Training Evaluation Objectives

Training evaluation objective is a statement of what changed in the
trainees are expected to be achieved and the cause of such change. The
training objective should be SMART(Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Realistic and Timebound). It should also possess the “cause and effect”.
The cause maybe one of the indicators of the input(budget), activity(training)

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or output(trained staff), and the effort may be one of the effects like
knowledge, attitude or skills.
The practical purpose of training evaluation is to verify if the training
objectives were achieved at the end of a training activity.
The training evaluation objective may use the following verbs:
 To determine + cause + effect + subject
 To find out + cause + effect + subject
 To assess + cause + effect + subject
 To evaluate + cause + effect + subject
 To investigate + cause + effect + subject
Example:
1. To determine if CBT approach effectively enhance the skills of the
trainees in Computer Hardware servicing
2. To assess if the use of computer based learning materials
effectively enhance the knowledge of trainees in Trainers
methodology
Parts of a Training Evaluation Report

1.Title of the Report
The title should be explicit and concise. It should give the general
idea about what the training evaluation is all about. The title
should give interest on the content of the report.
2.Executive summary
This part of the report is a summary of the objectives, methods
used, results of the evaluation, conclusions and the
recommendations.
3.Rationale
The purpose of evaluating the training program is written on this
part of the report.
4.Objectives
The general objective and the specific objectives should contain
this part of the report.
5.

Methodology Level I
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NATIONAL TVET TRAINERS ACADEMY
Training Program Evaluation
OBJECTIVE:
This evaluation instrument aims to gather remarks and comments of the
participants related to the conduct of the Trainers Methodology Level I_.
This will serve as a tool in the improvement and strengthening of the
program.
Part I. Program Evaluation
INSTRUCTIONS:
Please rate the following program components in terms of the indicators
provided below by ticking (√) the column that best describes your evaluation
of each program component. Your rating will be treated confidentially.
Adjectival Rating Numerical
Rating
Outstanding 5
Very Good/Very Adequate 4
Good/Adequate 3
Fair/Satisfactory/Average 2
Inadequate/Unsatisfactory/Poor 1
NAME:
POSITION/DESIGNATION:
ORGANIZATION/INSTITUTION:
DATE:
RATING
PROGRAM COMPONENT INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
A. Program Design and Organization
1. Clarity of program objectives
2. Organization of course activities
3. Scheduling of activities and time allotment
4. Attainment of program objectives
B. Course Content
1. Course content vis-a-vis the program objectives
2. Sequencing of the course contents
3. Sufficiency of information

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4. Relevance of course content vis-à-vis need
RATING
PROGRAM COMPONENT INDICATORS
5 4 3 2 1
C. Training Methodology
1. Effectiveness of selected method
2. Appropriateness to the course activities
D. Program Administration and Management

1. Adequacy of provided supplies and materials
2. Timeliness of provision of supplies and materials
3. Availability of training equipment and materials
4. Conduciveness of the training venue to learning
5. Appropriateness of the physical layout of the
venue
6. Overall accommodation
7. Secretariat service
E. Facilitator/Trainer
Instructions: Write the corresponding number to rate each
(Name of
(Name of
(Name of
(Name of
(Name of
trainer)
trainer)
trainer)
trainer)
trainer)
Facilitator/Trainer:
5 Outstanding 4 Very Good 3 Good
2 Average 1 Poor NA Not Applicable
1. Knowledge of the subject matter
2. Ability to communicate ideas
3. Ability to arouse interest
4. Ability to encourage participation
5. Ability to organize lecture
6. Ability to answer questions
7. Openness to suggestions and comments
8. Ability to encourage critical and/or creative thinking
9. Spontaneity in expression of ideas
10.Use of training equipment
11.Comprehensiveness of lecture
12.Ability to provide adequate feedback
13.Ability to provide practical exercises

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Part II. Skills
Instruction:
Please rate your acquired skills on the following learning outcomes as a
result of this training program:
Use the following rating scales:
5 – Excellent
4 – Very good
3 – Good
2 – Fair
1 – Poor
Learning Outcomes Rating

Common Competency 1 2 3 4 5
Operate word processing software?
Operate spreadsheet processing software?
Operate presentation software?
Core Competency
Plan Training Session
1.1 Identifying learner’s training requirements?
1.2 Prepare session plans?
1.3 Prepare instructional materials?
1.4 Prepare assessment instruments?
1.5 Organize teaching and learning resources?
Facilitate Learning Session

2.1 Prepare training facilities/resources?
2.2 Conduct pre-assessment?
2.3 Facilitate training session?
2.4 Conduct competency assessment?
2.5 Review delivery of training session?

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Learning Outcomes Rating
Core Competency 1 2 3 4 5
Supervise Work-Based Learning

3.1 Establish training requirements for trainees?
3.2 Monitor work-based training?
3.3 Review and evaluate work-based learning

effectiveness?
Maintain Training Facilities

4.1 Plan Maintenance activities?
4.2 Prepare schedule of maintenance?
4.3 Implement housekeeping activities?
4.4 Maintain training equipment and tools?
4.5 Document maintenance inspections?
Utilize electronic media in facilitating training

5.1 Present a lesson through direct video
footage/capture
5.2 Present lesson via film viewing method?
5.3 Utilize computer and multi-media technology

to present a lesson?
Conduct Competency Assessment

6.1 Organize assessment Activities?
6.2 Prepare the candidates?
6.3 Gather evidence?
6.5 Record assessment result?
6.4 Make the assessment decision?
6.6 Provide feedback to candidates?

Methodology Level I
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Part III. Attitude
Instructions:
Please rate your attitude towards work as a trainer resulting from the
activities of this training program. Use the following rating scale:
5 – Excellent
4 – Very good
3 – Good
2 – Fair
1 – Poor
Rating
Work Attitudes 1 2 3 4 5
punctuality/attendance
resourcefulness/creativity
Obedience, respect to authority, rules and

regulations
commitment to work
adaptability to change
cooperation with co-workers
concern to environmental preservation
Feedback
Please indicate your recommended training programs to be offered by this training
Institution
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION

Methodology Level I
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The above sample of rating sheet for the evaluation of training session
uses the 5 point Likert Scale
Adjectival Ratings corresponding to the numeric ratings were
described as follows:
5 – Outstanding/Excellent
4 – Very Good/ Very Satisfactory
3 – Good/Adequate
2 – Fair/ Satisfactory
1 – Poor/Unsatisfactory
For purposes of analysis, the following ratings will be used
4.5 - 5.00 - Outstanding/Excellent

3.5 - 4.49 - Very Good/ Very Satisfactory
2.5 - 3.49 - Good/ Adequate
1.5 - 2.49 - Fair/Satisfactory
0.0 - 1.49 - Poor/ Unsatisfactory
Note that we chose a 5 point Likert scale to allow the evaluator to have
a neutral stand about the items being rated.
For the analysis of the data, an excel template is made for you. All
you have to do is enter the data from the rating sheets and the template will
compute averages and are linked to adjectival ratings.
The use of this template shall be explained to you by your trainer.
Please ask the assistance of your trainer when you reach this part of the
module.

Methodology Level I
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Self-Check 2.5-3
Multiple Choice:
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following are evaluated in training program evaluations?

A. Attitude
B. Knowledge
C. Skill
D. All of the above
2. Which of the following parts of the report state the purpose of evaluating
the training program?
A. executive summary
B. methodology
C. objectives
D. rationale
3. What part of the training evaluation report contains a brief of the

objectives, methods, conclusions and recommendations?
A. Conclusions
B. Executive summary
C. Rationale
D. Results and discussion
4. In what part of the report will the tables and graphs be presented?
A. Conclusions
B. Executive summary
C. Rationale
D. Results and discussion

Methodology Level I
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Answer Key 2.5-3
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. D

Methodology Level I
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Job Sheet 2.5-3
Title: Analyze Training Evaluation

Performance Objective: Given a set of hypothetical ratings, you must
be able:
1. to interpret and analyze the data;
2. prepare a training evaluation report
following the recommended procedures.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Acquire a hypothetical data from your trainer.
2. Compute for the average ratings of each item.
3. Make a table of averages for each item.
4. In the last column, write the corresponding adjectival ratings
based on the suggested table of values.
5. Make generalizations about the following areas of evaluation:
Part I. Program Evaluation
Part II. Skill
Part III. Attitude
6. Prepare the training evaluation report with the following parts:
Title of the Report
Executive summary
Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Results and discussion
a. Data interpretation
b. Data analysis
c. Conclusion
Recommendation
7. Present your work to your trainer
Assessment Method:
Portfolio Evaluation

Methodology Level I
Date Revised:
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CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…
get the filled-up forms from your trainer?
encode the data from the filled-up forms to the excel
template?
compute the average of each item?
compute the average of each category?
use the corresponding table of values following the Likert
Scale for the adjectival ratings?
interpret the results?
summarize and analyze the results by parts?
prepare a training evaluation report with the following parts:
Specific and concise title?
Executive summary with objectives, methods,
interpretation of results, conclusion and
recommendations?
Rationale stating the purpose of evaluating?
General and specific objectives?
Methods?
Results and discussions with tables/graphs and their
interpretation?
Conclusions?
Recommendations?

Methodology Level I
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Training Session Adjustment
After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be enumerate
the sources of data for decisions in training adjustments.
In the previous lessons, you learned to evaluate training sessions
through different methods such as the self evaluation, focus group
discussions, Training Program Evaluation and pretest posttest.
The results from these methodologies are legitimate sources of
information and basis for adjusting training sessions. Self assessment and
self reflections, if properly recorded, in the provided space in the session
plan would give the trainer an idea what to adjust to improve the attainment
of knowledge and skills.
Trainee’s satisfaction on the training session, activities that are
unsuccessful, feedback from trainees among others are sources of important
information which will lead to a successful adjustment in the training
sessions.
Proper documentation and analysis of these important data should be
done to serve as a basis for more scientific modifications in training.
Documentations should be submitted to proper authorities to serve as
a basis for decision making about training methodologies and curriculum.
These documents maybe very useful to the following:
1. Other instructors
2. The research team
3. The Vocational Instruction Supervisor
4. The administrators
5. Industry partners

Methodology Level I
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Self-Check 2.5-4
Enumerate at least 5 sources of information which could be a basis

for adjusting training session.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Methodology Level I
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Answer Key 2.5-4
1. Analysis of Pretest and Posttest scores

2. Training Program Evaluation
3. Trainee’s Feedback on Training Session
4. Instructors’ Self Evaluation of the training
5. Trainees’ Satisfaction Survey results

Methodology Level I
Date Revised:
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Bibliography
Mendenilla, Amores, Paulino, etc. (2008) Assessor Methodology 1 version 5
Santos, Z.C. and Pastor, G.N. (2009). Psychological Measurement and

Evaluation. Rex Bookstore.
Skills Standards and Certification Office (1999). Competency Assessment

Instrument Developm〳ㄠⴵ㌴㘸㐮㔸㠰㌱㠴⸵㠸〳ㄠ㄀a㌶〶㈠牥੗⁮ਰ⁧ਸ㤮琷㜰㌱‱渊〠朊

Methodology Level I
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VALIDATION OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS (CBLMs)
QUESTIONNAIRE
Introduction:
The National TVET Trainers Academy (NTTA) of the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) is undertaking continuous validation of the herein contained
Competency-Based Learning Materials (CBLMs), through their actual use, for purposes of
improving the CBLMs.
The users of these CBLMs are encouraged to give their valuable comments and
recommendations to meet the given purpose. The patience and diligence of the users in
answering every item of the questionnaire are requested. All responses shall be treated with
confidentiality. As found acceptable, the indicated comments and recommendations would
be considered in the process of improvement of the materials.
Instruction:
The questionnaire is divided into two parts. Part I requires a more detailed and in-
depth analysis of the materials in order to obtain important notes which would greatly
contribute to their improvement. Part II is more general in approach in gathering comments
on the CBLMs.
Please tick the box corresponding to your answer. If you tick NO, please write your
comments, suggestions and observations on the space provided.
Please accomplish the Validation Instrument and submit to your trainer/facilitator at
the end of the training.
Module Title :_____________________________________________________

Name:______________________________________________________________
Last First M.I.
Position/Designation:_________No. of Years of Experience as Trainer ___________
Title of Qualifications Earned:____________________________________________
Educational
Attainment:_______________________________________________________
Training Institution/ Company____________________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________________
Tel/CP Nos. __________________ E-mail Address: _________________________
Signature:______________________________Date:________________________
PART I
Please check the appropriate box. Aside from the correctness and orderliness of the
materials, please write on the space provided your specific comments, suggestion and
observation especially when you check the box corresponding to the NO reply.
1) COVER PAGE:
Does the Cover Page supplies enough information to immediatelrey
cognize that the
material is a CBLM?
YES NO
If the answer is NO, please indicate your suggestion/observation.
COVER
PAGE:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______ ________________________________
2) Table of Content: Are all the materials inside the package listed
down in correct sequential order ? YES ON
____________________________
____________________________
3) CBLM User’s Guide: Does the CBLM User’s Guide give clear
direction on how to use the CBLM? YES ON
____________________________
____________________________
4) List of Competency: Does this page inform and guide you on

the scope of the material and give you a comprehensive top down YES ON
perspective of the whole program?
____________________________
____________________________
5) Module Content: Does this page help you understand the different activities of the
module which conforms to the requirement of the competency standard/competency -
based curriculum?
YES
If NO, please specify which part of the Module Content NOT
ON helpful to you and give us your suggestion.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6) Competency Summary: Does this material give you clear introduction and description
of the unit of competency you are about to learn, including the Learning Outcomes and
Assessment Criteria?
YES
If NO, please specify which part of the Competency Summary
ON not clear to you and give us your suggestion.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7) Learning Outcome Summary: Does the content of the Learning Outcome Summary
give you a clear outline of the Contents, Performance Criteria, Condition and Assessment
Method that would take place in a given Learning Outcome?
YES
If NO, please specify which part of the Learning Outcome
ON Summary is not clear to you and give us your suggestion.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8) Learning Experience: Does the co ntent of this page give you a clear and sequential
guide to the activities in a specific Learning Outcome?
YES
If NO, please specify which part of the Learning Experience is
ON not clear and in order.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9) Are the Information Sheets readable, easy to understand and ad ress the knowledge
requirements of the specific Learning Outcome?
YES
If NO, please specify which Information She t is not an
ON appropriate learning content.
______________________________________
______________________________________
_______________________ ______________
10) Are the Information Sheets sufficient to attain the knowledge require d in the
assessment criteria of the specific Learning Outcome?
If not, please write the missing content on the spaces YES ON
provided below.
LO1:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
LO2:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
LO3:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
LO4:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________________________
LO5:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11) Are the prepared Self-Checks have clear direction and relevant test items to measure
the knowledge learned in the information sheet?
YES
If NO, please specify which Self -check do not have clear direction
ON and relevant test items.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
________________ ________ ______________
12) Are the Task/Operation/Job Sheets in appropriate sequence , easy to understand an d
would help in the attainment of the skills necessary for the learning outcome?
YES
If NO, please specify which Task/Operation/Job She t is:
ON
NOT In appropriate
sequence._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_______________________ _______________
_____________________________________ _
NOT easy to understand ____________________________

______________________________________
______________ _________ _______________
would NOT help in the attainment of the skills necessary for the learning outcome
______________________ ________________
_________________________ _____________
_______________________ _______________
13) Are the Task/Operation/Job Sheets sufficient to attain the skills required in the
assessment criteria of each learning outcome?
YES
If NO, please specify wh ich Task/Operation/Job She t should be
ON included in the LOs below:
LO1:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________
LO2:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________
LO3:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________
LO4:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____________
LO5:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14) Are the Procedural/Performance Criteria Checklists valid, sufficient and available for
every Operation/Task/Job She ts?
YES
If NO, please specify the appropriate Procedural/Performance Criteria
ON Checklist.
______________________________________
______________________________________
_______________________ _______________
15) Is the list of references/ bibliography of materials for further readings or
Acknowledgement page included in this package?
If NO, please specify which module does NOT have the

Bibliography or Acknowledgement page
______________________________________
______________________________________
PART II
Competency-Based Learning Unit of Competency:

Materials Checklist
Directions: Rate the CBLM against
each of the following criteria. Place a Title of Module:
tick [ / ] in the NO or YES box beside
each item to indicate how well the
materials meet the criterion. Title of LO:
Yes No Comments
1. The learning materials contain the

following basic components:
a. clear directions for using the

learning materials or self explanatory
format
b. a rationale or introduction
explaining the purpose and
importance of the skill or knowledge
being covered.
c. a competency statement of learning

outcomes
d. clear, complete explanations of the

activities to be completed in order to
achieve each learning outcomes
e. instructions sheet or reference to

other resources/references
containing the needed information
f. device for immediate feedback

g. a performance checklist designed to
measure actual student performance
of the competency
2. The learning materials also contain the

following components:
a. listing of prerequisites
b. definition of terms
c. Job sheets/Task Sheets
d. Self-checks
d. assessment instrument
3. The learning material either includes all

necessary materials or clearly specifies
what outside materials are needed
4. The learning material contains a variety

of activities to suit a range of learning
abilities and style
5. The learning materials provides

opportunities for trainees to interact
with peers, trainer, and others
6. Supplementary enrichment activities are

provided to meet the needs and interest
of the trainees.
Other Comments/Suggestions:
_____________ _________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
Thank you for your patience and diligence in answering every item
of the questionnaire, as requested.
- from the NTTA Family -

Director
Dir. F. B. Zurbano
Developers:
Ms. .P V. Lucas Ms. A.P. Panem Mr. N.M. aP scual
Ms. R.C. Agub Ms. K.V. Aguilar Mr. A.P. Francisco Mr. L.A. Ladia
Administrative Support:
Mr. R.M. Mirasol Ms. L.I. De Guzman Mr. J.M. Casas Mr. R.B. Mueden
The Competency-Based Learning Materials contained herein
support the development of the competency Facilitate Learning
Sessions, which is one of the competencies of a Technical Education and
Skills Development trainer under the Deliver Training Session competency
of the Trainers Methodology Level I Qualification, in reference to the
Philippine TVET Trainers Qualification Framework.
The PTTQF is the system that establishes the structure and
specifies the competency standards, as bases for certification of TESD
trainers given different roles and qualification levels as follows: TM Level I:
Trainer/Assessor; TM Level II: Training Designer/Developer; TM Level III:
Training Mentor; and TM Level IV: Master Trainer.
The competencies under the TM Level I Qualification include the
following:
Deliver Training Session
• Plan Training Sessions;
• Facilitate Learning Sessions;
• Supervise Work-Based Learning;
• Utilize Electronic Media in Facilitating Training;
• Maintain Training Facilities; and
Conduct Competency Assessment.

The National TVET Trainers Academy of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority leads
in training and development of TESD trainers aligned to industry requirements. The NTTA is highly recognized for
its global expertise, state-of-the-art training technologies and innovative programs and services, whose graduates
are sought for employment both local and overseas.
The NTTA serves the TESD trainers by providing them with continuous and integrated programs that help
them attain the appropriate qualification. By doing this, it helps TESDA achieves its purpose of providing quality
TESD; and drives the Authority’s economic model through proactively responding to TESD trainers’ training
needs based on industry demands.
Continuously, the NTTA improves its programs to exceed its customers’ satisfaction level. Its programs
are also explicitly designed such that other than graduates, secondary output training materials are produced
resulting to savings tantamount to materials development cost. In addition, the NTTA empowers its regional
counterparts and manages them to produce “multiplier effect” to extend its reach and expand service coverage.
Likewise, it constantly provides its counterparts with technical assistance to standardize training delivery, thus
For inquiries, please contact:
ascertain program quality.
The Director, NTTA

Telefax No. (02)655-6577/Tel. No. (02) 655-7065
nttatesda@yahoo.com

Facilitate Learning Sessions

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Facilitate Learning Sessions

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Competency

ISBN 978-971-95388-1-3 000-0000-00-0

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Welcome to the module in Facilitating Learning Sessions. This module

Date Developed: Document No.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1. Plan Training Planning Training Sessions TVT232301

2. Facilitate Learning Facilitating Learning TVT232302

3. Supervise Work-Based Supervising Work-Based TVT232303

4. Conduct Competency Conducting Competency TVT232304

5. Maintain Training Maintain Training Facilities TVT232305

6. Utilize Electronic Utilizing Electronic Media in TVT232306

Date Developed: Document No.

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL .............................................................................. i

List of Competencies ..............................................................................................................................................iii

MODULE CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................vi

LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Prepare Training Facilities/Resources ............................................................................. 1

LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Conduct Pre-assessment ................................................................................................37

LEARNING OUTCOME #3 Facilitate Training Session .............................................................................................54

Date Developed: Document No.

LEARNING OUTCOME #4 Conduct Competency Assessment ................................................................................107

LEARNING OUTCOME #5 Review Delivery of Training Session.............................................................................116

Date Developed: Document No.

Qualification Title : Trainers Methodology Level I

Upon completion of this module , you must be able to:

1. Appropriate training facilities/resources are prepared based on the

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

 Competencies are carefully selected.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

In a 1990 study of three operating competency-based programs,

 Organizations must be committed to providing adequate resources

Advantages and Limitations of CBT

One of the primary advantages of CBT is that the focus is on the

 Participants will achieve competencies required in the performance of

While there are a number of advantages of competency-based training,

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

1. In CBT, learning is self-paced.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

After reading this information sheet, you should be able to enumerate

Trainees of TVET are generally adults. In planning and delivery of

Key Characteristics of Adult learner

Adult learners desire that learning be:

These characteristics are based on the following eight principles of adult

 Learning is most productive when the student is ready to learn.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

 To be effective, feedback should be immediate, positive and

Training delivery is based on different principles of education and

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

CBLMs on Trainers Date Developed: Document No.

CBT is a learner-centered and a learner based approach to training.

Explain the objectives and the outcomes of the training

Explain the learning and assessment process

Ensure that presentation and training methods are appropriate

Use training equipment and materials correctly