NSTP 1 Module 6

NSTP 1 Module 6
National Security Concerns

Objectives
On your successful completion of this module, you are expected to:
1. define safety and security
2. enumerate the measures to ensure campus security; and
3. describe the campus emergency management
This module discusses campus safety and security, an area which includes the protection of the physical
plant or building and facilities and their contents as well as the members of the academic community.
Security as defined by Maguigad(2012) is the quality or state of being secure or free from danger (safety)
or any form of physical aggression. It means freedom from fear, anxiety, and physical harm; protection against
economic vicissitudes; and freedom from uncertainty or doubt. It is a harmony between internal need and the
availability of the means for its satisfaction.
Human Security and National Security

Since time immemorial, man has an awareness and knowledge about security. In ancient era, man has
devised means to protect himself from ferocious animals and harsh conditions. As the society advanced, they
learned to create tools and weapons to safeguard their lives and their properties. In our country, heroes were
born because they strive to save our people from conquerors. Currently, every country has its own way of
defending and maintaining its human and national security.
In the 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Report, human security was referred to as
having two aspects:
“…first safety from such chronic threats as hunger, disease and repression…second, it means
protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life – whether in homes, in
jobs, or in communities. Such threats can exist at all levels of national income and development.”
This was supplemented by an explanation from the former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan which states that:
“Human security, in its broadest sense, embraces far more than the absence of violent conflict.
It encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care and ensuring
that each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfill his or her potential… Every step in this
direction is also a step towards reducing poverty, achieving economic growth and preventing
conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to inherit
a healthy natural environment – these are the interrelated building blocks of human – and
therefore national – security.”
Thus, according to the United Nations (UN) Commission, Human Security:

- seeks to “protect the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and
human fulfillment”
- requires “protecting people from critical and pervasive threats” and "empowering them to take
charge of their own lives"
- “protection and empowerment are mutually reinforcing and cannot succeed in isolation”
- Commission puts emphasis on the “need for comprehensive, integrated and people-centered
solutions that together can help people develop the building blocks of survival, livelihood and
dignity”
National Security is defined as the state or condition wherein the values which a nation treasures such
as territorial integrity, sovereignty, peoples way of life and well-being are protected and enhanced. It is the
requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic military and political
power and the exercise of diplomacy. The measures taken to ensure national security include:
- Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats
- Maintaining effective armed forces
- Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism legislation)
- Ensuring the resilience and security of critical infrastructure; and
- Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified
information.
In the Philippine context as indicated by the NSC Permanent Secretariat, National Security is described as
a condition or state of being where the Filipino peoples values, way of life, institutions, welfare, and well-
being, sovereignty and strategic relations are protected and enhanced . The elements of National Security
are the following:
- Moral-spiritual consensus
- Cultural cohesiveness
- Economic solidarity
- Socio-political stability
- Ecological balance
- Territorial integrity
- International harmony
Campus Security Measures

Physical security involves the protection of the plant or building, facilities, and members of the
academic community. It can be fostered through the following measures:
a. Implementation of pedestrian security (identification system; security check; visitor and
equipment control; familiarization of faces of school officials, faculty and staff, students, and frequent
visitors)
b. Installation of physical and human barriers (guard force, gate and perimeter fence and lights,
top guard, network and linkages with law enforcement agencies)
c. Enforcement of vehicle control (identification system, parking area security, traffic control)
National Security and the NSTP Program

The 1987 Philippine Constitution enshrined in its Declaration of Principles that the Filipinos are duty-
bound to protect the country and, as such, they may be subjected to undergo service training programs (Art. II,
Sec. 14, The Philippine Constitution).
The Government may call upon the people to defend the state, and in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may
be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.
The NSTP is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by
developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three
(3) program components, specifically designed to enhance the youth's active contribution to the general
welfare.
MANPOWER RESERVOIR FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
1. Graduates of CWTS and LTS shall belong to the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) which could be
tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities such assisting in disaster preparedness,
mitigation, response and rehabilitation programs.
2. Graduates of the ROTC component shall form part of the AFP Citizen Armed Forces and AFP Reserve
Force, subject to DND requirements.
Threats to National Security

A. Man Made Threats
a. Terrorism
b. Explosion/Bomb Threats
c. Campus Violence/Frat and Gang War
d. Kidnapping/Hostage Taking
e. Drug Addiction
f. Armed Robberies/Hold Ups
g. Snatching
h. Sabotage
i. Fire
j. Technological Threats such as gambling through number games, internet hold ups and
cybercrimes (computer hacking, computer pilferage, ATM stealing and cyber prostitution)
B. Natural Threats
a. Earthquakes
b. Typhoons
c. Floods
d. Volcanic Eruptions
e. Tsunamis
Activity 5
a. How do your school/previous schools prepare for and respond to emergencies and disasters?
b. What would you suggest to help improve your school’s emergency management?
c. Cite the organizations inimical to peace and order and development of the Philippines

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NSTP 1 Module 6

National Security Concerns

Human Security and National Security

Thus, according to the United Nations (UN) Commission, Human Security:

Campus Security Measures

National Security and the NSTP Program

Threats to National Security

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