BCH 3023 – Fall 2013-Exam 4

1) For each molecule of acetyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle, which of the following
best represents the net products of the cycle?

A) 2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 GTP, 1 oxaloacetate

B) 1 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 GTP, 1 oxaloacetate
C) 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 0 oxaloacetate
D) 1 CO2, 2 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 GTP, 0 oxaloacetate
E) 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 1 oxaloacetate

2) The conversion of citrate to isocitrate by the enzyme aconitase is best described as ______
reaction consisting of a ________ followed by a ________.

A) isomerization; oxidation; reduction

B) isomerization; hydration; dehydration
C) isomerization; dehydration; hydration
D) group transfer; dehydroxylation; hydroxylation
E) group transfer; hydroxylation; dehydroxylation

3) The two reactions of the citric acid cycle where CO2 is produced are catalyzed by
_________ and _________

A) isocitrate dehydrogenase; -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

B) isocitrate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase
C) -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; succinate dehydrogenase
D) -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase
E) succinate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase

4) Which oxidation reaction requires the coenzyme FAD because it involves oxidation of a
carbon-carbon single bond to a double bond?

A) oxidation of isocitrate to -ketoglutarate

B) oxidation of -ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA
C) oxidation of succinate to fumarate
D) oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate
E) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

5) The reaction catalyzed by malate synthase is shown below. Which citric acid cycle
enzyme would have a mechanism most similar to malate synthase?

A) malate dehydrogenase
B) citrate synthase

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C) fumarase
D) succinyl-CoA synthetase
E) none of the above

6) Acetyl-CoA labeled with 14C in both of its acetate carbon atoms is incubated with unlabeled
oxaloacetate and a crude tissue preparation capable of carrying out the reactions of the citric
acid cycle. After one turn of the cycle, oxaloacetate would have 14C in:

A) all four carbon atoms.

B) no pattern that is predictable from the information provided.
C) none of its carbon atoms.
D) the keto carbon and one of the carboxyl carbons.
E) the two carboxyl carbons.

7) Which of the following is not an intermediate of the citric acid cycle?

A) Acetyl-CoA
B) Citrate
C) Oxaloacetate
D) Succinyl-CoA
E) a-Ketoglutarate

8) The two moles of CO2 produced in the first turn of the citric acid cycle have their origin in
the:

A) carboxyl and methylene carbons of oxaloacetate

B) carboxyl group of acetate and a carboxyl group of oxaloacetate.
C) carboxyl group of acetate and the keto group of oxaloacetate.
D) two carbon atoms of acetate.
E) two carboxyl groups derived from oxaloacetate.

9) The reaction of the citric acid cycle that produces an ATP equivalent (in the form of GTP)
by substrate level phosphorylation is the conversion of:

A)citrate to isocitrate.
B)fumarate to malate.
C)malate to oxaloacetate.
D)succinate to fumarate.
E)succinyl-CoA to succinate.

10) All of the oxidative steps of the citric acid cycle are linked to the reduction of NAD+ except

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 the reaction catalyzed by:

A) isocitrate dehydrogenase.
B) malate dehydrogenase.
C) pyruvate dehydrogenase
D) succinate dehydrogenase.
E) the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.

11) Which of the following cofactors is required for the conversion of succinate to fumarate in
the citric acid cycle?

A) ATP
A) Biotin
B) FAD
C) NAD+
D) NADP+

12) The conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 3 mol of CO2 via pyruvate dehydrogenase and the
citric acid cycle also yields _____ mol of NADH, _____ mol of FADH2, and _____ mol of
ATP (or GTP).

A) 2; 2; 2
B) 3; 1; 1
C) 3; 2; 0
D) 4; 1; 1
E) 4; 2; 1

13) The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic
pathway results in a net formation of:

A) 1 mol of NAD+ and 2 mol of ATP.

B) 1 mol of NADH and 1 mol of ATP.
C) 2 mol of NAD+ and 4 mol of ATP.
D) 2 mol of NADH and 2 mol of ATP.
E) 2 mol of NADH and 4 mol of ATP.

14) Besides two molecules of pyruvate, what are the net products of glycolysis?

A) 4 ATP and 2 NADH

B) 2 ATP and 2 NADH
C) 4 ATP and 4 NADH
D) 2 ATP and 4 NADH
E) none of the above

15) During the energy investment phase of glycolysis, _____ reaction(s) use ATP as a

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 substrate while during the energy generation phase, _____ reactions produce ATP as a
product.

A) 2; 2
B) 2; 4
C) 1; 2
D) 1; 4
E) 0; 2

16) With respect to carbons 1 and 2 of the intermediate in the conversion of glucose-6-
phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, which of the following would best describe this
intermediate?

A) vicinal diol
B) enediol
C) aldehyde
D) ketone
E) enol

17) Glucose labeled with 14C in C-1 and C-6 gives rise in glycolysis to pyruvate labeled in:

A) A and C.
B) all three carbons.
C) its carbonyl carbon.
D) its carboxyl carbon.
E) its methyl carbon.

18) If glucose labeled with 14C at C-2 were metabolized, the first radioactive pyruvate formed
would be labeled in:

A) all three carbons.

B) both A and C.
C) its carbonyl carbon.
D) its carboxyl carbon.
E) its methyl carbon.

19) Which of the following reactions in glycolysis requires ATP as a substrate?

A) Hexokinase
B) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
C) Pyruvate kinase
D) Aldolase
E) Phosphoglycerate kinase

20) Which of the following reactions in glycolysis produces ATP as a product?

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A) Hexokinase
B) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
C) Pyruvate kinase
D) Aldolase
E) Phosphofructokinase-1

21) Which of the following reactions in glycolysis is an aldose to ketose isomerization?

A) Enolase
B) Phosphoglycerate mutase
C) Phosphohexose isomerase
D) Aldolase
E) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

22) Which of the following reactions in glycolysis is a ketose to aldose isomerization?

A) Hexokinase
B) Phosphoglycerate mutase
C) Enolase
D) Aldolase
E) Triose phosphate isomerase

23) The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate

involve all of the following except:

A) ATP synthesis.
B) catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase.
C) oxidation of NADH to NAD+.
D) the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
E) utilization of Pi.

24) Which of the following functional groups is a commonly seen nucleophile in biochemical
reactions?

A) aldehyde
B) deprotonated alcohol
C) amide
D) carbocation
E) iodide ion

25) What is the oxidant in the following reaction?

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 A) ethanol
B) NAD+
C) acetaldehyde
D) NADH
E) H+

26) The concentration of which of the following ions can make a significant change in the G
for reactions that involve ATP?

A) Mg2+
B) Na+
C) Cl-
D) K+
E) Ca2+

27) Since an enzyme is a catalyst, which of the following must be true?

A) an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is always exergonic

B) enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by providing a completely alternate mechanism to the
uncatalyzed reaction
C) over the course of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the enzyme is not changed
D) in the absence of an enzyme, the reaction that is normally catalyzed by the enzyme will not
occur
E) enzyme-catalyzed reactions never reach equilibrium

28) Fatty acids are _______ meaning that they have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic
region of the molecule

A) aliphatic
B) amphipathic
C) saturated
D) unsaturated
E) phosphorylated

29) When fatty acids are added to an aqueous solution, they can either sit on top of the
solution, forming a ________ or form spherical ________ throughout the solution.

A) monolayer; micelles
B) bilayer; micelles
C) monolayer; bilayer
D) bilayer; monolayer
E) micelle; bilayer

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30) What alcohol containing a quaternary amine is commonly found esterified to
glycerophospholipids?

A) ethanolamine
B) choline
C) serine
D) inositol
E) cholesterol

31) A ceramide is derived from which combination of the following?

A) a molecule of sphingosine and a monosaccharide

B) a molecule of sphingosine and a molecule of phosphocholine
C) a molecule of sphingosine and a fatty acid
D) a molecule of sphingosine and two fatty acids
E) a molecule of sphingosine, a fatty acid and a monosaccharide

32) Which of the following formulas would be a carbohydrate

A) C5H12O5
B) C4H8O6
C) C6H10O6
D) C3H8O3
E) C6H12O6

33) How many carbon atoms are found in the smallest molecules that are classified as
carbohydrates?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

34) Which stereoisomer of threose is shown below?

A) D
B) L
C) D, L
D) L, D
E) none of the above
35) How many stereoisomers would be expected from a ketohexose?

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 A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 32
E) 64

36) What is the C-4 epimer of glucose?

A) allose
B) mannose
C) gulose
D) galactose
E) fructose

37) Which of the following would be the correct Haworth projection for -D-gulose, whose
linear form is seen below?

A)

B)

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 C)

D)

E) None of the above

38) Which of the following is a ketose?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the above

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39) Which of the following would be an anomer of -D-galactopyranose?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the above

40) The reaction of a cyclic monosaccharide with an alcohol converts a(n) _________ into
a(n) ________.

A) acetal; hemiacetal
B) hemiacetal; acetal
C) acetal; ether
D) hemiacetal; ether
E) alcohol; ether

41) Which of the following polysaccharides contains exclusively glucose in (14)

glycosidic bonds?

A) amylose
B) amylopectin
C) glycogen
D) cellulose
E) chitin

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42) An N-linked glycan would be attached to ______ while an O-linked glycan would be
attached to ________.

A) Asn; Ser
B) Lys; Tyr
C) Gln; Thr
D) Arg; Ser
E) Lys; Ser

43) Which of the following would contribute to tertiary structure?

A) charge-charge interaction between lysine and aspartic acid

B) disulfide bond
C) hydrogen bond between serine hydroxyl group and amide of glutamine
D) hydrophobic interaction between leucine and valine
E) all of the above

44) Which of the following causes denaturation of a protein when disulfide bonds are present?

A) heat
B) pH changes
C) reducing agent
D) detergent
E) all of the above

45) Which of the following is true regarding the -carbon of an amino acid?

A) there are always four different functional groups attached

B) the most commonly occurring form of amino acids are the D-amino acids
C) when assigning the R-S stereochemistry, the carboxylic acid is always the highest priority
functional group
D) for all amino acids except glycine, the -carbon is a stereocenter
E) none of the above

46) At physiological pH, most amino acids are _______, meaning that they contain both a positive
and negative charge.

A) zwitterions
B) amphoteric
C) chiral
D) amphipathic
E) none of the above

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47) Which of the following pairs of amino acids could form a hydrogen bond through their R-
groups?

A) serine and phenylalanine

B) aspartic acid and methionine
C) histidine and tyrosine
D) alanine and glutamine
E) leucine and cysteine

48) Which of the following bonds has partial double bond character?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

49) What is the sequence of the following peptide?

A) Ile-Ala-Glu
B) Val-Ala-Asp
C) Leu-Gly-Glu
D) Val-Ala-Asn
E) Val-Gly-Gln

50) Which of the following bases is found only in DNA?

A) adenine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) cytosine
E) guanine

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