IMS Checklist 4 - Mod 3-1

Reference Points in IMS
Module-3
QUALITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MATERIAL
&
SALES MANAGEMENT
No Topic Key Points
1 Role of project Project management is important because it ensures what is
management techniques being delivered, is right, and will deliver real value.
Network Analysis as the technique is used to solve projects

like one industrial, military etc. It is dividing complex job
Network analysis into small jobs and represent graphically to easily analysis
and solving it.
2 Critical Path Method: Activity: It is an individual operation which consumes
CPM Terms resource and time. It has beginning and end. An arrow
represents an activity
Event: Event represent a point in time where completion

of some activity and beginning of new activity.
A circle represents a node.
Successor event: An event which follows another event

is called successor event.
Predecessor event: The event which occurs before

another event is known as predecessor event.
Dummy activity: A dummy activity which is not

utilizing time or resource. It is an imaginary activity
represented by dotted arrow line.
VIVEKANAND K
EFT (Earliest finish time): This is the earliest possible time at
which an activity can finish. This is represented on the top
right corner outside operation in a rectangle.
LFT (Latest finish time): It is the total time by which and

activity should be completed. It is represented by triangle.
Critical path: The path in which a LFT and EFT are equal is
called critical path. It can be represented by double line
Slack or float: It is the difference between LFT and EFT. In

critical path slack or float will be zero.
.
3 Numbering an Event 1. Identify initial event and assign no 1

2. Number these initial events from 2,3,4 etc.
Fulkersons rule 3. Mark the arrow direction
4. Follow the procedure till end
4 Numbering an Event
5 CPM Vs PERT
VIVEKANAND K
6 Applications of CPM and CPM application
PERT 1. Construction of civil and mechanical projects
2. Electrical and electronic product manufacturing and
assembling
3. Equipment maintenance
4. Setting up new industry
PERT Application
1. Research and development activity
2. Military operations
3. Design and development of new product.
4. Weather forecasting.
5.
7 Program Evaluation and PERT requires three estimated activity times:
Review Technique:
1. Optimistic time (a minimum time)
PERT Terms 2. Most likely time (an average time)
3. Pessimistic time (a maximum time)
to = optimistic time
tm = most likely time
tp = pessimistic time
Statically Expected time te = [to+4 tm+ tp / 6]
Standard deviation St= [tp- to /6]
2 2
Variance V = St = [tp- to /6]
VIVEKANAND K
8 Linear Programming Question: A candy manufacturer has 130 kg of chocolate-
Problem (LPP) covered cherries and 170 kg of chocolate-covered mints in
stock. He decides to sell them in the form of two different
mixtures. One mixture will contain half cherries and half
mints by weight and will sell for Rs 2.00 per kg. The other
mixture will contain one-third cherries and two-thirds mints
by weight and will sell for Rs 1.25 per kg. How many pounds
of each mixture should the candy manufacturer prepare in
order to maximize his sales revenue?
Solution for forming LPP:
Let x be the number of pounds of A to be prepared and y the

number of pounds of B to be prepared.
Max Z= 2x+1.25y
Constraint of A
1/2 x+ 1/3 y ≤ 130
Constraint of B
1/2 x+ 2/3 y ≤ 170
LPP
Max Z= 2x+1.25y
Constraints
1/2 x+ 1/3 y ≤ 130

1/2 x+ 2/3 y ≤ 170
x ≥0 , y≥ 0
VIVEKANAND K
Graphical solution To get graphical solution of above problem
Max Z= 2x+1.25y
Constraints
1/2 x+ 1/3 y ≤ 130------1
1/2 x+ 2/3 y ≤ 170------2
Solution
Replace ≤ or ≥ with = in equations
1/2 x+ 1/3 y = 130------1
Put x=0 in eqn 1 x=0 then y= 390

Put y=0 in eqn 1 y=0 then x= 260
1/2 x+ 2/3 y = 170------2
Put x=0 in eqn 1 x=0 then y= 390

Put y=0 in eqn 1 y=0 then x= 260
Draw graph and find end points
Substitute the end points in max z

Extreme point Value of z=2x+1.25y
(0, 0) 0
(0, 255) 318.75
(180, 120) 510.00
(260, 0) 520.00
The table shows that the largest value for z is 520.00 and the
corresponding optimal solution is (260, 0). Thus the candy
manufacturer attains maximum sales of $520 when he
produces 260 pounds of mixture A and none of mixture B.
VIVEKANAND K
Transportation problem
VIVEKANAND K
VIVEKANAND K
Game theory Game theory is used for decision making under conflicting
situations ie where there are one or more opponents. In game
theory it’s called players.
Example: Election success of one person will lead failure of

other.
Min and min-max Min and min-max principle can be used for the selection of
principle. optimal strategy by the two players.
Saddle point Saddle point is position of such an element in the payoff

matrix which is the minimum in its row and max in its
column.
Problem to find value of game.
VIVEKANAND K

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Reference Points in IMS

Network Analysis as the technique is used to solve projects

Event: Event represent a point in time where completion

Successor event: An event which follows another event

Predecessor event: The event which occurs before

Dummy activity: A dummy activity which is not

LFT (Latest finish time): It is the total time by which and

Slack or float: It is the difference between LFT and EFT. In

3 Numbering an Event 1. Identify initial event and assign no 1

Statically Expected time te = [to+4 tm+ tp / 6]

Standard deviation St= [tp- to /6]

Solution for forming LPP:

Let x be the number of pounds of A to be prepared and y the

1/2 x+ 1/3 y ≤ 130

1/2 x+ 2/3 y ≤ 170

1/2 x+ 1/3 y ≤ 130

Replace ≤ or ≥ with = in equations

1/2 x+ 1/3 y = 130------1

Put x=0 in eqn 1 x=0 then y= 390

1/2 x+ 2/3 y = 170------2

Put x=0 in eqn 1 x=0 then y= 390

Draw graph and find end points

Substitute the end points in max z

Example: Election success of one person will lead failure of

Saddle point Saddle point is position of such an element in the payoff

Problem to find value of game.

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