Investigatory Project

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ON
STUDY OF PRESENCE OF INSECTICIDES AND

PESTICIDES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Central Board of Secondary Education
UnderGuidanceof:
Mrs.NishaMsc,B.Ed. (Chemistry Faculty)
Project done by;
VIMALRAM.K.C
NAVEEN.P
CHINNA.M
MAHA VISHNU.A
SENTHIL PUBLIC SCHOOL
(Affiliated to CBSE,NewDelhi,Affiliation No.1930323)
Near VennangudiMuniyappanKovil, Jagirammapalayam,

Salem-636-302,Tamil Nadu
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Primarily we would like to express our heart-felt

gratitude to the Almighty God for making us
complete this Project.
We would like to thank the other Faculty Members,

Lovable Parents and our friends for their moral
support in helping us to complete this project
successfully.
We take immense pleasure to thank Mrs. Nisha
for her incessant help in all possible ways from the
beginning and also for his positive approach
towards our group has been the one that helped us
patch this investigatory project successfully.
We are highly grateful to Mr.Srinivasan, The

Senior Principal for his guidance and sustained
encouragement for the successful completion of
this project.
We extend our humble note of gratitude to Mr.

Manoharan, The Principal, Mrs.Nalini, The Vice
Principal and Mr.Soundarrajan for their guidance
and support in the pursuit of our project completion.
We record our indebtedness to Mrs.Parameswari,

Lab teacher, for her remarkable guidance and
valuable suggestions throughout the project
completion.
INTRODUCTION:
In the past decade there has been a tremendous

increase in the yields of various crops to meet the
demand of overgrowing population, achieved by using
pesticides and insecticides.
These are chemicals that are sprayed over crops to
protect it from pests. For example: DDT,BHC,ZINC
PHOSPHIDE,MERCURIC CHLORIDE, DINITROPHENOL,
Etc. All pesticides are poisonous chemicals and are used
in small quantities with care.
Pesticides are proven to be effective against variety of
insects , weeds, fungi are respectively called
insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.
Most of the pesticides are non-biodegradable and
remain penetrated as such into plants, fruits and
vegetables. From plants they transfer to animals, birds
and human beings who eat these polluted fruits and
vegetables.
Inside the body they get accumulated and cause serious
health problems. These days preference is given to
biodegradable insecticides like MALATHION.
The presence of insecticides residues in even raw
samples of wheat, fish, meat, butter etc..
have aroused the concern of agricultural administrators,
scientist and health officials all over the world to put a
check over the use of insecticides and to search for non
insecticidal means of pest control.
CLASSIFICATION:
Pesticides classified according to the pests they control.
The four main types of pesticides are;
HERBICIDES FUNGICIDES
PESTICIDES
INSECTICIDES RODENTICIDES
Herbicides
 Herbicides eliminate plants threat grow where they are
not wanted.
 Farmers use them to reduce weeds in such public areas
as parks and ponds.
 People use herbicides in their yards to get rid of crab
grass, dandelions and other weeds.
Fungicides
 Certain fungi cause disease and may infect both plants
and animals, including human beings.
 Fungicides control plant diseases that infect food
crops-wood used for building houses in often breated
with fungicides to prevent dry not.
Rodenticides
 Rodenticide are used to control rats and other rodents
that destroy stored food.
Rats also carry bacteria that cause such disease as
rabies and typhus
Insecticides
 Farmer use insecticides to protect their crops from
insect damage.
 In urban areas, public health officials use them to fight
mosquitoes and that insect carry germs.
 People use insecticides indoor to control pests, ants
and cockroaches.
Alternatives in pest control

 There are a number of an organic pest control method
which is not widely advertised.
 They form a good alternative to chemical pesticides
and will not have a negative impact on the environment
or on the people.
 The eco pest control methods are suitable for home
and the garden.
 Natural pesticides are less toxic to the environment,
mammals and aquatic life.
 Some are very effective natural pest control methods.
 Before you even start using the eco-friendly pesticides,
there is a need to ensure that you have properly
prepared your garden before planting.
 Proper land preparation ensures that you are creating
the most hospitable growing environment for your
plants.
Eco-friendly pest control

methods:
 Diatomaceous Earth
 Bring in birds and mammals
 Do mulching
 Insecticidal oils
 Repel birds, rabbits and squirrels
 Do regular leaf inspections
 Get help from a professional pest control operator.
Objective of project:
In this project, our aim is to study the presence of
insecticide/pesticide residues in various fruits and
vegetables. Since most of the insecticides/pesticides
contain nitrogen, we will test for the presence of these
insecticides residues by testing for the presence of
nitrogen.
EXPERIMENT:
AIM:
To study the presence of insecticides/pesticides
(nitrogen-containing) in various fruits and vegetables.
REQUIREMENTS:
(i) Mortar and pestle
(ii) Funnel
(iii) Beakers
(iv) Glass rod
Samples of various fruits and vegetables, alcohols,

sodium metal, ferric chloride solution, ferrous sulphate
crystals, distilled water and dilute Sulphuric acid.
PROCEDURE:
 Take different kinds of fruits and vegetables and cut
them into small pieces seperately.
 Transfer the cut pieces of various fruits and vegetables
into the mortar seperately and crush them.
 Take different beakers for each kind of fruits and
vegetables and place the crushed fruits and vegetables
in these beakers and add 10ml of alcohol to each of
these. Stir well and filter. Collect the filterate in
separate in china dishes.
 Evaporate the alcohol by heating china dishes one by
one over a water bath and let the residue dry in an
oven.
Samples of various fruits and vegetables, alcohols,

sodium metal, ferric chloride solution, ferrous sulphate
crystals, distilled water and dilute Sulphuric acid.
PROCEDURE:
 Take different kinds of fruits and vegetables and cut
them into small pieces seperately.
 Transfer the cut pieces of various fruits and vegetables
into the mortar seperately and crush them.
 Take different beakers for each kind of fruits and
vegetables and place the crushed fruits and vegetables
in these beakers and add 10ml of alcohol to each of
these. Stir well and filter. Collect the filterate in
separate in china dishes.
 Evaporate the alcohol by heating china dishes one by
one over a water bath and let the residue dry in an
oven.
 Break the tube and boil the contents of the china dish
for about 5 minutes. Cool and filter the solution. Collect
the filterate.
 To the filterate add 1ml freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and warm the contents. Then add 2-3
drops of ferric chloride solution and acidify with dil.HCL.
If a blue or green ppt. or colouration is obtained, it
indicates the presence of nitrogen containing
insecticide.
 Repeat the test of nitrogen for residues obtained from
other fruits and vegetables and record the observation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Practical chemistry book
 Seminarsonely.com
NCERT text book

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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

STUDY OF PRESENCE OF INSECTICIDES AND

Central Board of Secondary Education

(Affiliated to CBSE,NewDelhi,Affiliation No.1930323)

Near VennangudiMuniyappanKovil, Jagirammapalayam,

Primarily we would like to express our heart-felt

We would like to thank the other Faculty Members,

We are highly grateful to Mr.Srinivasan, The

We extend our humble note of gratitude to Mr.

We record our indebtedness to Mrs.Parameswari,

In the past decade there has been a tremendous

Alternatives in pest control

Eco-friendly pest control

Samples of various fruits and vegetables, alcohols,

Samples of various fruits and vegetables, alcohols,

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