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Papers On Ancient Greek Linguistics

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Papers on Ancient Greek Linguistics

Proceedings of the Ninth International Colloquium on


Ancient Greek Linguistics
(ICAGL 9)
30 August – 1 September 2018, Helsinki
Societas Scientiarum Fennica
The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters

Address:
Pohjoinen Makasiinikatu 7 A 6, FI – 00130 Helsinki
In Swedish:
Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten, Norra Magasinsgatan 7 A 6, FI – 00130 Helsingfors
In Finnish:
Suomen Tiedeseura, Pohjoinen Makasiinikatu 7 A 6, FI – 00130 Helsinki

Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum


The series, founded in 1923, publishes monographs or other studies on antiquity
and its tradition.

Editor:
Prof. Mika Kajava
Address: Department of Languages, P. O. Box 24, FI – 00014 University of Helsinki.

Requests for Exchange:


Exchange Centre for Scientific Literature, Snellmaninkatu 13, FI – 00170 Helsinki,
or at the Secretary of the Society.

Distribution and Sale:


Tiedekirja, Snellmaninkatu 13, FI – 00170 Helsinki; tiedekirja@tsv.fi, www.tsv.fi.

Other series published by the Society:


Commentationes Physico-Mathematicae
Commentationes Scientiarum Socialium
Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk
The History of Learning and Science in Finland 1828-1918
Årsbok – Vuosikirja (Yearbook), serie A sarja
Sphinx (Årsbok – Vuosikirja, serie B sarja)
Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum
139 2020

Papers on Ancient Greek Linguistics

Proceedings of the Ninth International Colloquium on


Ancient Greek Linguistics
(ICAGL 9)
30 August – 1 September 2018, Helsinki

Edited by
Martti Leiwo, Marja Vierros & Sonja Dahlgren

Societas Scientiarum Fennica


The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters
Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum
is part of the publishing cooperation between
the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters and
the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters

This book has received a subsidy granted by the Ministry of Education and Culture
distributed by the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies

ISSN 0069-6587 (print)


ISSN 2736-9374 (online)
ISBN 978-951-653-443-8 (print)
ISBN 978-951-653-444-5 (online)

Layout by Vesa Vahtikari

Copyright © 2020 by
Societas Scientiarum Fennica

Printed by Grano Oy, Vaasa 2020


Contents

Introduction i
Martti Leiwo, Marja Vierros & Sonja Dahldren

I Greek in contact

The accusative of respect in Homeric Greek as evidence for language 1


contact
Paola Dardano

The Greek suffix -ινδα within the Micro-Asiatic multilingual context 31


Francesco Dedè

Not overstrong in his Greek: modern interpretation of ‘Egyptian’ 43


Greek texts in the Zenon Archive
Trevor Evans

Phrasal verbs in a corpus of post-classical Greek letters from Egypt 63


Victoria Fendel

Foamy rivers and the wife of the Ocean: Greek ποταμός ‘river’, 99
Τηθῡ́ς ‘mother of all rivers’, and Proto-Indo-European *ku̯ eth2-
‘foam, seethe’ (Vedic kváth-ant- ‘foaming, seething’; Gothic
ƕaþjan* ‘to foam, ἀφρίζειν’)
Riccardo Ginevra

Greek loanwords in post-Biblical Hebrew/Aramaic: some case 111


studies from the midrash Genesis Rabbah
Christina Katsikadeli & Vladislav Slepoy

Notes on Greek loanwords in Classical Armenian 133


Daniel Kölligan

Interaction between Greek and Neo-Phrygian in funerary epigrams 157


from Eastern Phrygia under the Roman Empire
Elisa Nuria Merisio
6

Contact-induced change and language-internal factors: 177


the καὶ ἐγένετο type as a case-study
Liana Tronci

II Discourse analysis

Focus of attention and common ground. The function of the 207


particle δή in Thucydides
Rutger J. Allan

Degrés et nuances de l’acquiescement dans les dialogues de Platon 235


Frédéric Lambert

Discourse markers and text type: γάρ in Thucydides’ narrative and 259
non-narrative text sequences
Rafael Martínez

Im/politeness strategies in Euripides: an approach to linguistic 271


characterisation through qualitative data analysis
Sandra Rodríguez Piedrabuena

III Morphology and syntax

Die Anwendung des Duals bei Hesiod: Beobachtungen über seinen 301
graduellen Schwund anhand der Theogonie und der Erga
Sara Agliardi

Exclamative nominatives and nominatives pro vocatives in Greek 323


and Latin: a possible distinction?
Giulia Bucci

Reduplicated and non-reduplicated imperatives: κλύθι and κλύτε vs 337


κέκλυθι and κέκλυτε
Lucio Melazzo

The preverb μετα-: a cognitive and constructionist analysis 353


Antonio R. Revuelta Puigdollers
Comm. Hum. Litt. Vol. 139 7

Insubordination in Ancient Greek? The case of ὥστε sentences 383


Emilia Ruiz Yamuza

Lexical and syntactic constrictions for the derivation of verbal nouns 403
in –τις / -σις
Jesús de la Villa

IV Modality, semantics, and pragmatics

Modality and Injunctive in Homeric Greek: The role of epistemic 417


particles and adverbs in counterfactual constructions
Annamaria Bartolotta & Daniel Kölligan

A semantic-pragmatic analysis of the augment in epic Greek, 447


applied to some longer passages
Filip De Decker

Oblique optative and inferential evidentiality in Homer 479


Antonio Lillo

A usage-based approach to prosody and second argument realization 495


Alberto Pardal Padín

The augment in Homeric narration from a temporal perspective 509


Sira Rodeghiero

Present counterfactuals and verbal mood in the Homeric poems 529


Roxanne Taylor

Committal verbs in Greek aggressive magic: a pragmatic analysis 545


Mariarosaria Zinzi

Indices 567

List of contributors 577


Comm. Hum. Litt. Vol. 139 417

Modality and Injunctive in Homeric Greek:


The role of epistemic particles and adverbs
in counterfactual constructions

Annamaria Bartolotta & Daniel Kölligan

Structurally, unaugmented aorists and imperfects belong to the oldest layer of


verbal forms attested in Greek, which continue the so-called Indo-European
‘injunctive’. The latter was inflectionally underspecified as regards verbal categories
such as tense or mood (Hoffmann 1967; Kiparsky 1968). Thus, the question
arises as to how the attitude of the speaker toward the content of his utterance
was expressed. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of epistemic particles
and adverbs co-occurring with injunctives in the Iliad and the Odyssey, focusing
in particular on past counterfactual constructions. Crosslinguistic studies have
shown that such modal constructions reflect the universal semantic distinction
between realis and irrealis (Wierzbicka 1997: 38). In Greek, on the one hand,
the main clause or apodosis was always lexically marked by the irrealis particle
κεν, expressing a potential event in the past, which in fact never happened (see
Hettrich 1998). On the other hand, the if-clause or protasis referred to an actual
event in the past for which the outcome is already known (realis). The data show
how particles and adverbs occurring in the protasis assumed an epistemic value,
expressing the speaker’s commitment to the truth-value or factual status of his
proposition. The analysis of all the occurrences of such complex constructions
shows a non-random distribution of those epistemic particles and adverbs, whose
frequency significantly decreases when the verb of the protasis is an indicative
rather than an injunctive. Thus, it might be argued that they played an important
role in expressing epistemic modality before the emerging indicative mood
rendered them less functional at a later stage. Another piece of evidence in favour
of this hypothesis comes from the epistemic verb μέλλω, that develops into a
periphrastic marker for future tense, especially as a future in the past (cf. Allan
2017). The Homeric poems show most instances of the unaugmented 3SG
occurring with an epistemic particle, while there is variation with the augmented
form.

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