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    Role of Tapetum

    Uploaded by

    Preeti Thakur
    The document discusses the role of tapetal cells in anther development and pollen formation. It describes how the tapetum supplies locular fluid, enzymes, and precursor substances for sporopollenin deposition. The tapetum secretes or contains sporopollenin, lipids, and tryphine/pollenkitt which are deposited on the surface of pollen as it develops and is released from the anther. The exact processes vary between plant groups.

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    Role of Tapetum

    Uploaded by

    Preeti Thakur
    414 views7 pages
    The document discusses the role of tapetal cells in anther development and pollen formation. It describes how the tapetum supplies locular fluid, enzymes, and precursor substances for sporopollenin deposition. The tapetum secretes or contains sporopollenin, lipids, and tryphine/pollenkitt which are deposited on the surface of pollen as it develops and is released from the anther. The exact processes vary between plant groups.

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    The document discusses the role of tapetal cells in anther development and pollen formation. It describes how the tapetum supplies locular fluid, enzymes, and precursor substances for sporopollenin deposition. The tapetum secretes or contains sporopollenin, lipids, and tryphine/pollenkitt which are deposited on the surface of pollen as it develops and is released from the anther. The exact processes vary between plant groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    414 views7 pages

    Role of Tapetum

    Uploaded by

    Preeti Thakur
    The document discusses the role of tapetal cells in anther development and pollen formation. It describes how the tapetum supplies locular fluid, enzymes, and precursor substances for sporopollenin deposition. The tapetum secretes or contains sporopollenin, lipids, and tryphine/pollenkitt which are deposited on the surface of pollen as it develops and is released from the anther. The exact processes vary between plant groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Ø 1.

    a poorly known substance


    only known to occur in secretory tapeta. In the angiosperms
    the locular cavity increases in size during the anther
    development; the locular fluid is continually supplied by the
    tapetum at least until it starts to degenerate.

    Ø 2.
    This enzyme depolymerizes the callosic walls of the tetrads
    and the microspores are released. The tapetum then
    becomes very active and has a multiple function.
    Ø 3. It is
    present in the tapetal vacuoles from the second meiotic
    division onward, until the early microspore stage in some
    gymnosperms and angiosperms.
    Ø 4. The role of the tapetal cells
    in the secretion of sporopollenin precursor is non-ambiguous
    however, its role in the synthesis of sporopollenin is not clear.
    In taxa with secretory tapetum, sporopollenin is deposited in
    the form of orbicules on the inner phase of the tapetal cells.
    In taxa with plasmodial tapetum sporopollenin material is
    present in the thecal fluid.In a number of taxa the bulk of the
    exine develops only after the release of tetrads, thus the
    tapetal cells supplies the necessary precursor for
    sporopollenin deposits after the release of the tetrads.
    According to the results of degradation experiments,
    formation of exine precursors could be phenols or p-
    coumaric acid.
    Ø 5. , i.e. long, flexible, fragile
    sporopollenin ropes or strands on the surface of pollen
    tetrads or single pollen grains coalesced with the exine itself.
    They occur in the Onagraceae, in some Ericaceae, and in a
    few Caesalpiniaceae. Although they are extremely similar to
    the exine with respect to their ultrastructure, staining
    reactions etc., their exact ontogeny is not yet known.
    Ø 6. In Asteraceae the tapetum forms an acetolysis resistant
    membrane outside the sporogenous tissue. This membrane
    is known as the .
    These
    sporopollenin bodies occur mostly on the inner (tangential
    and/or radial) cell walls of the tapetum cells. Their shape
    and dimension are species-specific; some lack the pro-
    orbicular core, which is seen as most representative for
    orbicules .The orbicules have been reported up to now only
    in association with parietal tapeta.
    , an hydrophobic, oily layer
    containing mainly lipids and carotenoids. The tapetal cell
    organelles (mostly the plastids, perhaps other organelles,
    too) form lipid masses.The lipid masses are deposited
    outside the mature pollen grains just before they are released.
    , which is comprised of a
    mixture of hydrophobous and hydrophilous substances often
    containing cytoplasmic elements. It is difficult to distinguish
    between tryphine and pollenkitt. When lipid pollenkitt lumps
    are often intermingled with some cytoplasmic hydrophilic
    derivatives its called tryphine.The tryphine is reported in
    some Brassicaceae members. It is responsible for the
    variable stickiness of the pollen surface (mostly due to its
    lipid components) and also contains several enzymatic
    substances as well.

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