Cost Effective Architecture, Arun Kumar - 13

, ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING
DEEN BANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, MURTHAL (SONIPAT), INDIA –
131039
COST EFFECTIVE ARCHITECTURE
Subject Teacher
Ar. KUMAR YADAV
ARUN KUMAR
ROLL NO.
1. Write short notes on:
a) Cost effective building practices

 Cost effective buildings are the new concept which deals with effective budgeting and
following of techniques which help in reducing the cost construction through the use of
locally available materials along with improved skills and technology without sacrificing the
strength, performance and life of the structure.
 Now in low-cost housing, building material cost is less because we make use of the locally
available materials and also the labour cost can be reduced by properly making the time
schedule of our work.
 Cost of reduction is achieved by selection of more efficient material or by an improved
design.
 Areas from where cost can be reduced are: -
i. Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.Ex.15 cms thick solid concrete block
wall.
ii. Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil cement blocks in place of
burnt brick.
iii. Use energy efficiency materials which consume less energy like concrete block in place
of burnt brick.
iv. Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for conventional building
components like use R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.
v. Pre-plan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure for reducing
the size of the component in the building.
vi. By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials due to
demolition of the unplanned component of the house can be avoided.
vii. Each component of the house shall be checked whether if it’s necessary, if it is not
necessary, then that component should not be used.
b) Need of cost-effective solutions

 IN RURAL AREAS
 The construction scenario in rural areas of India is getting highly influenced by the materials
like cement and steel, as it gives the long life to the structure but in turn it increases the
overall cost of construction. These materials like cement and steel use energy extensively
from its very beginning to its completion and even after for its maintenance in many forms.
Without focusing on availability of renewable construction material in near vicinity of rural
areas and also not utilizing the locally produced material, the pressure is increasing on
conventional resources. This situation demands the attention of rural community on naturally
available renewable local resources and cost-effective materials, which will give the same
result as that of cement and steel, but economically viable.
 Bamboo is one such material, which can be used by the rural community in their
construction, which has extensive potential in building industry.
 IN URBAN AREAS
 Shortage of dwelling units
 Tackling Urban Housing Shortage
 Shelter as Pro-poor development
 Shelter –A cumulative issue
 As the important need and everyone's dream to have their own home with individual needs.
 The housing is so impacted with the cost-based construction.
 So, there are various cost-effective techniques of construction. There is a need for the
adoption of strong, durable, environment friendly, ecologically appropriate, energy efficient
and yet cost-effective materials and appropriate technologies in construction.
2. What factors are considered in making cost calculations of a project. How can it be
reduced?
Low cost building refers to units that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the buildings
will be inexpensive to live in. The goal of low-cost building is to save money while also maintaining
buildings quality.
FOLLOWING PROPERTIES REDUCES COST OF CONSTRUCTION:
 Locally available materials.
 Improved skills and technology. Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the
structure.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION COST

1) Building Cost: The building construction cost can be divided into two parts namely: Building
material cost & Labour cost.
2) Size: The smaller the project in terms of scope or the number of square feet, the more it will
cost per square foot.
3) Type: Different types of project have different levels of complexity and detail.
4) Special Construction
5) Project accessibility
6) Labour Rates
7) Material Costs
8) General Economic Pressures
9) Time of Year
These were the factors affecting the budget of making any structure but we are here to know more
about the construction techniques and materials which helps us in reducing the cost of structure.
There are some methodologies which can be adopted to cut the construction cost and still achieve the
best:
 SELECTION OF LOAD BEARING AND FRAMED STRUCTURES FOR LOW COST
HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
When we layout our plans for the construction we should always concentrate primarily on the
structure we are going to use. So, this is the first area of concern i.e. the structure. It should
preferably be Load Bearing Structure instead of using Frame structure.
 FOUNDATION FOR LOW COST HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
The depth or the foundation of a building is 3-4 feet deep in the soil, but we can alternatively make it
up to 2 feet in depth for normal soils. This saves a large amount of total cost. In other delicate or soft
soils, such a cost reduction cannot be executed very well.
 STAIRCASE FOR LOW COST HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

Conventionally we have been using the cast-in-situ stair construction systems. But it is much more
expensive. So alternatively, we can use an effective and efficient method which is also known as
Precast Staircase System.
 PREFABRICATION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Prefabricated construction is a concept where all the essential elements of construction are
readymade and bought. So, it is quite understood that it will save a huge amount of time and helps on
concentrating on the durability of the work.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS IN LOW COST HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
Instead of following the conventional carpeting procedures we should always go by the frames for
the doors. There are so many sizes and options that are available. This save cost up to 30% and saves
time.
 HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK LOAD BEARING WALLS FOR LOW COST HOUSING
CONSTRUCTION
Use of hollow concrete blocks for load bearing walls has many advantages such as:
a) •They are way cheaper than stone bricks we conventionally use.
b) •Because they are light in weight, they are very easy to handle and to work on.
c) •There is a special advantage of insulation to space air void.
d) •A very less amount of mortar is consumed.
e) •The most important fact is that, these are environment friendly.
 CONCLUSION
Low cost construction is concept which is generalized and based on three factors which are structural
design, method of budgeting & cost cutting and materials used. So, all these three factors must be
optimized for low cost construction.

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, ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING

COST EFFECTIVE ARCHITECTURE

Ar. KUMAR YADAV

a) Cost effective building practices

b) Need of cost-effective solutions

FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION COST

 STAIRCASE FOR LOW COST HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

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