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Vitruvius and Acoustics: The Ten Books of Architecture

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VITRUVIUS AND

ACOUSTICS
THE TEN BOOKS OF ARCHITECTURE
Marco V. Pollio Vitruvius
• He was the architect of at least one
complete unit of buildings for Augustus
in the reconstruction of Rome.
• He was the author of The ten books on
architecture
• De Architectura is a collection of ten
books detailing his practical experience
with traditional Greek theory of the
time.
• Book 5: Public Buildings, Theatres (and
music), Baths and Harbours
Music and • He explained that musical theory
is important in architecture and
acoustics mechanical design.

play an Vitruvius based the acoustic
vases to the theory of
important Aristoxenus,
• Aristoxenus sets out a theory
role on of scale structure and a method
classical for analysis.

architecture.
• The acoustical problem caused by the reflection of sound waves,
namely that interference to the original source is created by
reflections making the original less clearly audible or defined.

• He come up to a solution which is resonating bronze vases,


different numbers of vases should be used depending on the size of
the theatre.

• Vases are placed in chambers under the rows of seats in


accordance with mathematical computation. The Greeks call them
Echeia.

• If the delivery of the actor from the stage is adapted to these


contrivances, when it reaches them, it becomes fuller, and reaches
the audience with a richer and sweeter note.
• The vases sound is likely that the function of the
vases would have been to make some sounds louder than
others by allowing them or the air within them to
sympathetically vibrate when certain harmonics ‘hit’
them.

• Vitruvius states that acoustic vases were not used in


the theatres of Rome.
The Theater
• The theater is a specialized category of buildings designed for
public assembly and performance.

• Theatres, should be built on solid foundations, on healthy sites,


and designed so that everybody has a good view and is able to
hear.

• Example: the orientation should not be exposed to the sun.


Greek Theater Roman Theater

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