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(A) Consider The Following Pair of Isomers.: (4) (Total 4 Marks)

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          (a)     Consider the following pair of isomers.

(i)      Name compound C.

.............................................................................................................

(ii)     Identify a reagent which could be used in a test-tube reaction to


distinguish between C and D. In each case, state what you would
observe.

Reagent ..............................................................................................

Observation with C ..............................................................................

Observation with D...............................................................................


(4)
(Total 4 marks)

 
2.      (a)     Write an equation for the formation of methyl propanoate, CH CH COOCH , 3 2 3

from methanol and propanoic acid.

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction between methanol and
propanoyl chloride to form methyl propanoate.

          Name of mechanism ....................................................................................

          Mechanism

 
(5)

(c)     Propanoic anhydride could be used instead of propanoyl chloride in the


preparation of methyl propanoate from methanol. Draw the structure of
propanoic anhydride.

 
(1)

(d)    (i)      Give one advantage of the use of propanoyl chloride instead of


propanoic acid in the laboratory preparation of methyl propanoate
from methanol.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

(ii)     Give one advantage of the use of propanoic anhydride instead of


propanoyl chloride in the industrial manufacture of methyl propanoate
from methanol.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

 3.        Compound Z can be produced by the reaction of compound X with compound Y as


shown in the synthesis outlined below:

Identify compounds X and Y.


For each of the three steps in the synthesis, name the type of reaction
involved and give reagents and conditions. Equations are not required.

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(10)
(Total 10 marks)
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