Vamp 59: Line Differential Protection Relay

VAMP 59
Line differential protection relay
Publication version: V59/en M/A010
User Manual
Trace back information:
Workspace VAMP Range version a4
Checked in 2018-02-13
Skribenta version 5.2.027
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 General ..................................................................................... 7
1.1 Legal notice ...................................................................... 7
1.2 Safety information ............................................................ 7
1.3 EU directive compliance .................................................. 9
1.4 Periodical testing .............................................................. 9
1.5 Purpose ............................................................................ 10
1.6 Relay features .................................................................. 10
1.6.1 User interface ...................................................... 11
1.7 Abbreviations ................................................................... 12
2 Local panel user interface ...................................................... 14

2.1 Relay front panel .............................................................. 14
2.1.1 Display ................................................................ 16
2.1.2 Adjusting display contrast ................................... 17
2.2 Local panel operations ..................................................... 17
2.2.1 Menu structure of protection functions ................ 21
2.2.2 Setting groups ..................................................... 24
2.2.3 Fault logs ............................................................. 25
2.2.4 Operating levels .................................................. 26
2.3 Operating measures ........................................................ 28
2.3.1 Control functions ................................................. 28
2.3.2 Measured data .................................................... 29
2.3.3 Reading event register ........................................ 30
2.3.4 Forced control (Force) ......................................... 31
2.4 Configuration and parameter setting ............................... 32
2.4.1 Parameter setting ................................................ 33
2.4.2 Setting range limits .............................................. 34
2.4.3 Disturbance recorder menu DR .......................... 34
2.4.4 Configuring digital inputs DI ................................ 35
2.4.5 Configuring digital outputs DO ............................ 36
2.4.6 Configuring analogue outputs AO (Option) ......... 36
2.4.7 Protection menu Prot .......................................... 37
2.4.8 Configuration menu CONF .................................. 37
2.4.9 Protocol menu Bus .............................................. 40
2.4.10 Single line diagram editing .................................. 42
2.4.11 Blocking and Interlocking configuration .............. 42
3 VAMPSET PC software ........................................................... 43

3.1 Folder view ....................................................................... 43
4 Introduction ............................................................................. 45
4.1 Main features ................................................................... 45
4.2 Principles of numerical protection techniques ................. 46
V59/en M/A010 3
Table of Contents
5 Protection functions ............................................................... 48

5.1 Maximum number of protection stages in one
application ........................................................................ 48
5.2 General features of protection stages .............................. 48
5.3 Application modes ............................................................ 53
5.4 Current protection function dependencies ....................... 53
5.5 Overcurrent protection I> (50/51) ..................................... 53
5.5.1 Remote controlled overcurrent scaling ............... 58
5.6 Current unbalance stage I2/I1> (46) ................................ 59
5.7 Directional earth fault protection I0φ> (67N) ..................... 60
5.8 Earth fault protection I0> (50N/51N) ................................. 66
5.8.1 Earth fault faulty phase detection algorithm ........ 70
5.9 Zero sequence voltage protection U0> (59N) .................. 74
5.10 Thermal overload protection T> (49) ............................... 77
5.11 Magnetishing inrush If2 > (68F2) ...................................... 80
5.12 Transformer over exicitation If5> (68F5) .......................... 82
5.13 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP (50BF) ............... 83
5.14 Line differential protection LdI> (87L) .............................. 85
5.14.1 Capacitive charging current ................................ 94
5.14.2 ANSI 85 communication (POC –signals) ............ 95
5.14.3 Frequency adaptation ......................................... 96
5.14.4 Second harmonic blocking .................................. 97
5.14.5 Fifth harmonic blocking ....................................... 98
5.15 Programmable stages (99) .............................................. 99
5.16 Arc fault protection (optional) ........................................... 102
5.16.1 2S+BIO ................................................................102
5.16.2 3S+BIO ................................................................104
5.17 Inverse time operation ..................................................... 107
5.17.1 Standard inverse delays IEC, IEEE, IEEE2, RI ...109
5.17.2 Free parameterization using IEC, IEEE and IEEE2
equations .............................................................119
5.17.3 Programmable inverse time curves .................... 119
6 Supporting functions .............................................................. 121

6.1 Event log .......................................................................... 121
6.2 Disturbance recorder ....................................................... 123
6.2.1 Running virtual comtrade files ............................. 126
6.3 Cold load pick-up and inrush current detection ............... 128
6.4 Current transformer supervision ...................................... 130
6.5 Circuit breaker condition monitoring ................................ 131
6.6 System clock and synchronization ...................................136
6.7 Running hour counter ...................................................... 142
6.8 Timers .............................................................................. 143
6.9 Combined overcurrent status ...........................................145
6.10 Self-supervision ............................................................... 147
6.10.1 Diagnostics ..........................................................147
4 V59/en M/A010
Table of Contents
7 Measurement functions .......................................................... 149

7.1 Measurement accuracy ....................................................149
7.2 RMS values ......................................................................150
7.3 Harmonics and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ............. 150
7.4 Demand values ................................................................ 151
7.5 Minimum and maximum values ....................................... 151
7.6 Maximum values of the last 31 days and 12 months ....... 152
7.7 Voltage measurement modes .......................................... 153
7.8 Symmetric components ................................................... 153
7.9 Primary secondary and per unit scaling ...........................154
7.9.1 Current scaling .................................................... 154
7.9.2 Voltage scaling .................................................... 156
7.10 Analogue output (option) ..................................................157
7.10.1 mA scaling example ............................................ 157
8 Control functions .................................................................... 158

8.1 Output relays ....................................................................158
8.2 Digital inputs .................................................................... 159
8.3 Virtual inputs and outputs ................................................ 161
8.4 Function keys / F1 & F2 ................................................... 161
8.5 Output matrix ................................................................... 161
8.6 Blocking matrix .................................................................163
8.7 Controllable objects ......................................................... 164
8.7.1 Controlling with DI ............................................... 165
8.7.2 Local/Remote selection ....................................... 165
8.7.3 Controlling with F1 & F2 ...................................... 166
8.8 Auto-reclose function (79) ................................................167
8.9 Logic functions ................................................................. 175
9 Communication and protocols .............................................. 177

9.1 Communication ports ....................................................... 177
9.1.1 Local port (Front panel) ....................................... 178
9.1.2 Remote port ........................................................ 178
9.1.3 Extension port .................................................... 178
9.1.4 Ethernet port ....................................................... 178
9.2 Communication protocols ................................................ 181
9.2.1 PC communication .............................................. 181
9.2.2 Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU .......................... 182
9.2.3 DNP 3.0 ...............................................................183
9.2.4 External I/O (Modbus RTU master) .....................184
9.2.5 IEC 61850 ........................................................... 184
9.2.6 EtherNet/IP ..........................................................185
9.2.7 FTP server .......................................................... 185
9.2.8 DeviceNet ............................................................186
10 Application ...............................................................................187
10.1 Line protection and auto-reclosing ...................................187
V59/en M/A010 5
Table of Contents
10.2 Trip circuit supervision ..................................................... 188

10.2.1 Trip circuit supervision with one digital input ....... 188
10.2.2 Trip circuit supervision with two digital inputs ..... 194
11 Connections .............................................................................198
11.1 Rear panel ....................................................................... 198
11.2 Auxiliary voltage ...............................................................200
11.3 Output relays ....................................................................201
11.4 Serial communication connection .................................... 201
11.4.1 Front panel USB connector ................................. 201
11.4.2 Pin assignments of the optional communication
interface cards .....................................................202
11.5 Input/output card B = 4 x DI + 1 x DI/DO ......................... 203
11.6 Arc protection card C = Arc (2 x Arc sensor + BIO) ......... 203
11.7 Arc protection card D = Advanced arc (3 x Arc sensor +
BIO) ..................................................................................204
11.8 External option modules .................................................. 205
11.8.1 Third-party external input / output modules ........ 205
11.9 Block optional diagram .....................................................211
11.10 Block diagrams of optional modules ................................ 212
11.11 Connection examples ...................................................... 214
12 Technical data ..........................................................................215

12.1 Connections ..................................................................... 215
12.2 Test and environmental conditions .................................. 219
12.3 Protection functions ......................................................... 221
12.3.1 Differential protection .......................................... 221
12.3.2 Non-directional current protection ....................... 222
12.3.3 Directional current protection .............................. 226
12.3.4 Circuit-breaker failure protection CBFP (50BF) ...226
12.3.5 Magnetising inrush 68F2 ..................................... 227
12.3.6 Over exicitation 68F5 .......................................... 227
12.3.7 Digital input / output card (option) ....................... 228
12.3.8 Arc fault protection (option) ................................. 229
12.4 Supporting functions ........................................................ 230
13 Mounting .................................................................................. 231
14 Order information ....................................................................233
15 Firmware revision ....................................................................235
6 V59/en M/A010
1 General
1 General
1.1 Legal notice

Copyright
2018 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any
consequences arising out of the use of this document. This document
is not intended as an instruction manual for untrained persons. This
document gives instructions on device installation, commissioning
and operation. However, the manual cannot cover all conceivable
circumstances or include detailed information on all topics. In the
event of questions or specific problems, do not take any action
without proper authorization. Contact Schneider Electric and request
the necessary information.
Contact information
35 rue Joseph Monier
92500 Rueil-Malmaison
FRANCE
Phone: +33 (0) 1 41 29 70 00
Fax: +33 (0) 1 41 29 71 00
www.schneider-electric.com
1.2 Safety information

Important Information
Read these instructions carefully and look at the equipment to
become familiar with the device before trying to install, operate,
service or maintain it. The following special messages may appear
throughout this bulletin or on the equipment to warn of potential
hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or simplifies
a procedure.
The addition of either symbol to a “Danger” or “Warning” safety label
indicates that an electrical hazard exists which will result in personal
injury if the instructions are not followed.
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential
personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this
symbol to avoid possible injury or death.
V59/en M/A010 7
1.2 Safety information 1 General
DANGER
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if
not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if
not avoided, can result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if
not avoided, can result in minor or moderate injury.
NOTICE
NOTICE is used to address practices not related to physical
injury.
User qualification
Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and
maintained only by trained and qualified personnel. No responsibility
is assumed by Schneider Electric for any consequences arising out
of the use of this material. A qualified person is one who has skills
and knowledge related to the construction, installation, and operation
of electrical equipment and has received safety training to recognize
and avoid the hazards involved.
Password protection
Use the IED's password protection feature to protect untrained
persons from interacting with this device.
WARNING
WORKING ON ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT
Do not choose lower Personal Protection Equipment while
working on energized equipment.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or
serious injury.
8 V59/en M/A010
1 General 1.3 EU directive compliance
1.3 EU directive compliance

EMC compliance
2014/30/EU
Compliance with the European Commission's EMC Directive. Product

Specific Standards were used to establish conformity:
• EN 60255-26: 2013
Product safety
2014/35/EU
Compliance with the European Commission's Low Voltage Directive.

Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety
standards:
• EN60255-27:2014
1.4 Periodical testing

The protection IED, cabling and arc sensors must periodically be
tested according to the end-user's safety instructions, national safety
instructions or law. The manufacturer recommends that functional
testing is carried out at the minimum every five (5) years.
It is proposed that the periodic testing is conducted with a secondary
injection principle for those protection stages which are used in the
IED and its related units.
V59/en M/A010 9
1.5 Purpose 1 General
1.5 Purpose
This document contains instructions on the installation,
commissioning and operation of VAMP 59.
This document is intended for persons who are experts on electrical
power engineering, and it covers the device models as described
by the ordering code in Chapter 14 Order information.
Related documents
Document Identification*)
VAMP Relay Mounting and Commissioning Instructions VRELAY_MC_xxxx
VAMPSET Setting and Configuration Tool User Manual VVAMPSET_EN_M_xxxx
*) xxxx = revision number

Download the latest software and manual at
www.schneider-electric.com/vamp-protection or m.vamp.fi.
1.6 Relay features

The comprehensive protection functions of the relay make it ideal
for utility, industrial, marine and off-shore power distribution
applications. The relay features the following protection functions.
Table 1.1: List of protection functions
IEEE/ANSI code IEC symbol Function name
46 I2 / I1 > Current unbalance protection
49 T> Thermal overload protection
50/51 I>, I>>, I>>> Overcurrent protection
50ARC/ 50NARC ArcI>, ArcI0> Optional arc fault protection (with an external module)
50BF CBFP Circuit-breaker failure protection
50N/51N I0>, I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>> Earth fault protection
59N U0>, U0>> Zero sequence voltage protection
67N I0φ>, I0φ>> Directional earth-fault, low-set stage, sensitive, definite or inverse
time (can be used as non directional)
68F2 If2> Magnetishing inrush
68F5 If5> Transfomer overexitation
79 AR Auto-reclosing
85 ANSI 85 communication
87L LdI>, LdI>> Line differential protection
99 Prg1 – 8 Programmable stages
Further the relay includes a disturbance recorder. Arc protection is

optionally available.
The relay communicates with other systems using common protocols,
such as the Modbus RTU, ModbusTCP, Profibus DP, IEC
10 V59/en M/A010
1 General 1.6 Relay features
60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 61850, SPA bus, Ethernet / IP

and DNP 3.0.
1.6.1 User interface

The relay can be controlled in three ways:
• Locally with the push-buttons on the relay front panel
• Locally using a PC connected to the USB port on the front
• Via remote control over the optional remote control port on the
relay rear panel.
V59/en M/A010 11
1.7 Abbreviations 1 General
1.7 Abbreviations
ANSI American National Standards Institute. A standardization organisation.
CB Circuit breaker
CBFP Circuit breaker failure protection
cosφ Active power divided by apparent power = P/S. (See power factor PF). Negative sign indicates reverse
power.
CT Current transformer
CTPRI Nominal primary value of current transformer
CTSEC Nominal secondary value of current transformer
Dead band See hysteresis.
DI Digital input
DO Digital output, output relay
Document file Stores information about the IED settings, events and fault logs.
DSR Data set ready. An RS232 signal. Input in front panel port of VAMP relays to disable rear panel local
port.
DST Daylight saving time. Adjusting the official local time forward by one hour for summer time.
DTR Data terminal ready. An RS232 signal. Output and always true (+8 Vdc) in front panel port of VAMP
relays.
FFT Fast Fourier transform. Algorithm to convert time domain signals to frequency domain or to phasors.
FPGA Field-programmable gate array
HMI Human-machine interface
Hysteresis I.e. dead band. Used to avoid oscillation when comparing two near by values.
IN Nominal current. Rating of CT primary or secondary.
ISET Another name for pick up setting value I>
I0N Nominal current of I0 input in general
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission. An international standardization organisation.
IEC-101 Abbreviation for communication protocol defined in standard IEC 60870-5-101
IEC-103 Abbreviation for communication protocol defined in standard IEC 60870-5-103
IED Intelligent electronic device, refers to VAMP 59 in this document
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
LAN Local area network. Ethernet based network for computers and IEDs.
Latching Output relays and indication LEDs can be latched, which means that they are not released when the
control signal is releasing. Releasing of lathed devices is done with a separate action.
LCD Liquid crystal display
LED Light-emitting diode
Local HMI IED front panel with display and push-buttons
NTP Network Time Protocol for LAN and WWW
P Active power. Unit = [W]
PF Power factor. The absolute value is equal to cosφ, but the sign is '+' for inductive i.e. lagging current
and '-' for capacitive i.e. leading current.
PM Nominal power of the prime mover. (Used by reverse/under power protection.)
PT See VT
pu Per unit. Depending of the context the per unit refers to any nominal value. For example for overcurrent
setting 1 pu = 1 x IN.
12 V59/en M/A010
1 General 1.7 Abbreviations
Q Reactive power. Unit = [var] acc. IEC

RMS Root mean square
S Apparent power. Unit = [VA]
SF IED status inoperative
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol for LAN and WWW
TCS Trip circuit supervision
THD Total harmonic distortion
U0SEC Voltage at input Uc at zero ohm ground fault. (Used in voltage measurement mode “2LL+U0”)
UA Voltage input for U12 or UL1 depending of the voltage measurement mode
UB Voltage input for U23 or UL2 depending of the voltage measurement mode
UC Voltage input for U31 or U0 depending of the voltage measurement mode
UN Nominal voltage. Rating of VT primary or secondary
UTC Coordinated Universal Time (used to be called GMT = Greenwich Mean Time)
VAMPSET Configuration tool for VAMP protection devices
Webset http configuration interface
VT Voltage transformer i.e. potential transformer PT
VTPRI Nominal primary value of voltage transformer
VTSEC Nominal secondary value of voltage transformer
V59/en M/A010 13
2 Local panel user interface
2 Local panel user interface
2.1 Relay front panel

The figure below shows, as an example, the front panel of the device
and the location of the user interface elements used for local control.
1. Navigation push-buttons
2. LED indicators
3. LCD
4. Local port
Navigation push-button function

CANCEL push-button for returning to the previous menu. To return to the first menu item in the main
menu, press the button for at least three seconds.
INFO push-button for viewing additional information, for entering the password view and for adjusting
the LCD contrast.
programmable function push-button. As default F1 toggles Virtual Input 1 (VI1) On/Off
programmable function push-button. As default F2 toggles Virtual Input 2 (VI2) On/Off
ENTER push-button for activating or confirming a function.
arrow UP navigation push-button for moving up in the menu or increasing a numerical value.
arrow DOWN navigation push-button for moving down in the menu or decreasing a numerical value.
arrow LEFT navigation push-button for moving backwards in a parallel menu or selecting a digit in a
numerical value.
arrow RIGHT navigation push-button for moving forwards in a parallel menu or selecting a digit in a
numerical value.
14 V59/en M/A010
2 Local panel user interface 2.1 Relay front panel
LED indicators
The LEDs on the local HMI can be configured in VAMPSET. To
customise the LED texts on the local HMI, the texts can be written
on a template and then printed on a transparency. The transparencies
can be placed to the pockets beside the LEDs.
LED indicator Meaning Measure/ Remarks
Power LED lit The auxiliary power has been switched on Normal operation state
Status LED lit Internal fault, operates in parallel with the self su- The relay attempts to reboot [RE-
pervision output relay BOOT]. If the error LED remains lit,
call for maintenance.
A- H LED lit Application-related status indicators. Configurable
F1 / F2 LED lit Corresponding function key pressed / activated Depending of function programmed to
F1 / F2
Adjusting LCD contrast

1.
On the local HMI, push and .
2. Enter the four-digit password and push .
3.
Push and adjust the contrast.
• To increase the contrast, push .
• To decrease the contrast, push .
4.
To return to the main menu, push .
Resetting latched indicators and output relays

All the indicators and output relays can be given a latching function
in the configuration.
There are several ways to reset latched indicators and relays:
• From the alarm list, move back to the initial display by pushing
for approx. 3s. Then reset the latched indicators and output
relays by pushing .
• Acknowledge each event in the alarm list one by one by pushing
equivalent times. Then, in the initial display, reset the latched
indicators and output relays by pushing .
The latched indicators and relays can also be reset via a remote
communication bus or via a digital input configured for that purpose.
V59/en M/A010 15
2.1 Relay front panel 2 Local panel user interface
2.1.1 Display
The relay is provided with a backlighted 128x64 LCD dot matrix
display. The display enables showing 21 characters is one row and
eight rows at the same time. The display has two different purposes:
one is to show the single line diagram of the relay with the object
status, measurement values, identification etc (Figure 2.1). The other
purpose is to show the configuration and parameterization values of
the relay (Figure 2.2).
Figure 2.1: Sections of the LCD dot matrix display
1. Freely configurable single-line diagram

2. Controllable objects (max six objects)
3. Object status (max eight objects, including the six controllable
objects)
4. Bay identification
5. Local/Remote selection
6. Auto-reclose on/off selection (if applicable)
7. Freely selectable measurement values (max. six values)
Figure 2.2: Sections of the LCD dot matrix display
1. Main menu column

2. The heading of the active menu
3. The cursor of the main menu
4. Possible navigating directions (push buttons)
5. Measured/setting parameter
6. Measured/set value
16 V59/en M/A010
2 Local panel user interface 2.2 Local panel operations
Backlight control
Display backlight can be switched on with a digital input, virtual input
or virtual output. LOCALPANEL CONF/Display backlight ctrl setting
is used for selecting trigger input for backlight control. When the
selected input activates (rising edge), display backlight is set on for
60 minutes.
2.1.2 Adjusting display contrast

The readability of the LCD varies with the brightness and the
temperature of the environment. The contrast of the display can be
adjusted via the PC user interface, see Chapter 3 VAMPSET PC
software.
2.2 Local panel operations

The front panel can be used to control objects, change the local/
remote status, read the measured values, set parameters, and to
configure relay functions. Some parameters, however, can only be
set by means of a PC connected to the local communication port.
Some parameters are factory-set.
Moving in the menus
Main menu Submenus
Prot protection enabling
OK
I pick-up setting
OK OK
moving in the menus_relay
Figure 2.3: Moving in the menus using local HMI
V59/en M/A010 17
2.2 Local panel operations 2 Local panel user interface
• To move in the main menu, push or .

• To move in submenus, push or .
• To enter a submenu, push and use or for moving
down or up in the menu.
•
To edit a parameter value, push and .
•
To go back to the previous menu, push .
•
To go back to the first menu item in the main menu, push
for at least three seconds.
NOTE: To enter the parameter edit mode, give the password. When the
value is in edit mode, its background is dark.
Main menu
The menu is dependent on the user’s configuration and the options
according the order code. For example only the enabled protection
stages will appear in the menu.
A list of the local main menu

Main menu Number of menus Description ANSI code Note
1 Interactive mimic display 1
5 Double size measurements defined by the user 1
1 Title screen with device name, time and firmware
version.
Meas 14 Measurements
Imax 5 Time stamped min & max of currents
Month 17 Maximum values of the last 31 days and the last
twelve months
Evnt 2 Events
DR 3 Disturbance recorder 2
Runh 2 Running hour counter. Active time of a selected
digital input and time stamps of the latest start and
stop.
TIMR 6 Day and week timers
DI 5 Digital inputs including virtual inputs
DO 4 Digital outputs (relays) and output matrix
AO 2 Visible only when AO card installed
Prot 9 Protection counters, combined overcurrent status,
protection status, protection enabling, cold load
and inrush detectionIf2> and block matrix
MSTAT 1 Motor status
LdI> 4 1st line differential stage 87L 4
18 V59/en M/A010
Main menu Number of menus Description ANSI code Note

LdI>> 4 2nd line differential stage 87L 4
I> 5 1st overcurrent stage 50/51 4
I>> 3 2nd overcurrent stage 50/51 4
I>>> 3 3rd overcurrent stage 50/51 4
I2> 3 Current unbalance stage 46 4
T> 3 Thermal overload stage 49 4
If2> 3 Second harmonic O/C stage 51F2 4
If5> 3 Fifth harmonic O/C stage 51F5 4
Io> 5 1st earth fault stage 50N/51N 4
Io>> 3 2nd earth fault stage 50N/51N 4
Io>>> 3 3rd earth fault stage 50N/51N 4
Io>>>> 3 4th earth fault stage 50N/51N 4
Ioφ> 6 1st directional earth fault stage 67N 4
Ioφ >> 7 2nd directional earth fault stage 67N 4
Uo> 3 1st residual overvoltage stage 59N 4
Uo>> 3 2nd residual overvoltage stage 59N 4
Prg1 3 1st programmable stage 4
Prg2 3 2nd programmable stage 4
Prg3 3 3rd programmable stage 4
Prg4 3 4th programmable stage 4
CBFP 3 Circuit breaker failure protection 50BF 4
CBWE 5 Circuit breaker wearing supervision 4
CTSV 1 CT supervisor 4
ArcI> 11 Optional arc protection stage for phase-to-phase 50ARC 4
faults and delayed light signal.
ArcIo> 10 Optional arc protection stage for earth faults. Cur- 50NARC 4
rent input = I0
AR 4 Auto-reclose 79
OBJ 11 Object definitions 5
Lgic 2 Status and counters of user’s logic 1
CONF 9 Device setup, scaling etc. 6
Bus 11 Serial port and protocol configuration 7
OPT 1 Option cards
Diag 9 Device selfdiagnosis
V59/en M/A010 19
Notes
1. Configuration is done with VAMPSET
2. Recording files are read with VAMPSET
3. The menu is visible only if protocol "ExternalIO" is selected for one of the serial ports.
Serial ports are configured in menu "Bus".
4. The menu is visible only if the stage is enabled.
5. Objects are circuit breakers, disconnectors etc.
6. There are two extra menus, which are visible only if the access level "operator" or
"configurator" has been opened with the corresponding password.
7. Detailed protocol configuration is done with VAMPSET.
20 V59/en M/A010
2.2.1 Menu structure of protection functions

The general structure of all protection function menus is similar
although the details do differ from stage to stage. As an example the
details of the second overcurrent stage I>> menus are shown below.
I>> STATUS 50 / 51
ExDO Status -
Prot SCntr 5
I> TCntr 2
I>> SetGrp 1
Iv> SGrpDI -
I > Force OFF
Figure 2.4: First menu of I>> 50/51 stage
This is the status, start and trip counter and setting group menu.
• Status –
The stage is not detecting any fault at the moment. The stage
can also be forced to pick-up or trip is the operating level is
“Configurator” and the force flag below is on. Operating levels
are explained in Chapter 2.2.4 Operating levels.
• SCntr 5
The stage has picked-up a fault five times since the last reset or
restart. This value can be cleared if the operating level is at least
“Operator”.
• TCntr 2
The stage has tripped two times since the last reset or restart.
This value can be cleared if the operating level is at least
“Operator”.
• SetGrp 1
The active setting group is one. This value can be edited if the
operating level is at least “Operator”. Setting groups are explained
in Chapter 2.2.2 Setting groups
• SGrpDI –
The setting group is not controlled by any digital input. This value
can be edited if the operating level is at least “Configurator”.
• Force Off
The status forcing and output relay forcing is disabled. This force
flag status can be set to “On” or back to “Off” if the operating
level is at least “Configurator”. If no front panel button is pressed
within five minutes and there is no VAMPSET communication,
the force flag will be set to “Off” position. The forcing is explained
in Chapter 2.3.4 Forced control (Force).
V59/en M/A010 21
I>> SET 50 / 51
Stage setting group 1
ExDI ILmax 403A
ExDO Status -
Prot I>> 1013A
I>> I>> 2.50xIn
CBWE t>> 0.60s
OBJ
Figure 2.5: Second menu(next on the right) of I>> 50/51 stage
This is the main setting menu.

• Stage setting group 1
These are the group 1 setting values. The other setting group
can be seen by pressing push buttons and then or .
Setting groups are explained in Chapter 2.2.2 Setting groups.
• ILmax 403A
The maximum of three measured phase currents is at the
moment 403 A. This is the value the stage is supervising.
• Status –
Status of the stage. This is just a copy of the status value in the
first menu.
• I>> 1013 A
The pick-up limit is 1013 A in primary value.
• I>> 2.50 x IN
The pick-up limit is 2.50 times the rated current of the generator.
This value can be edited if the operating level is at least
“Operator”. Operating levels are explained in Chapter 2.2.4
Operating levels.
• t>> 0.60s
The total operation delay is set to 600 ms. This value can be
edited if the operating level is at least “Operator”.
22 V59/en M/A010
I>> LOG 50/51

FAULT LOG 1
ExDI 2006-09-14
ExDO 12:25:10.288
Prot Type 1-2
I>> Flt 2.86xIn
CBWE Load 0.99xIn
OBJ EDly 81%
SetGrp 1
Figure 2.6: Third and last menu (next on the right) of I>> 50/51 stage
This is the menu for registered values by the I>> stage. Fault logs
are explained in Chapter 2.2.3 Fault logs.
• FAULT LOG 1
This is the latest of the eight available logs. You may move
between the logs by pressing push buttons and then
or .
• 2006-09-14
Date of the log.
• 12:25:10.288
Time of the log.
• Type 1-2
The overcurrent fault has been detected in phases L1 and L2 (A
& B, red & yellow, R/S, u&v).
• Flt 2.86 x IN
The fault current has been 2.86 per unit.
• Load 0.99 x IN
The average load current before the fault has been 0.99 pu.
• EDly 81%
The elapsed operation delay has been 81% of the setting 0.60
s = 0.49 s. Any registered elapsed delay less than 100 % means
that the stage has not tripped, because the fault duration has
been shorter that the delay setting.
• SetGrp 1
The setting group has been 1. This line can be reached by
pressing and several times .
V59/en M/A010 23
2.2.2 Setting groups

Most of the protection functions of the relay have four setting groups.
These groups are useful for example when the network topology is
changed frequently. The active group can be changed by a digital
input, through remote communication or locally by using the local
panel.
The active setting group of each protection function can be selected
separately. Figure 2.7 shows an example where the changing of the
I> setting group is handled with digital input one (SGrpDI). If the
digital input is TRUE, the active setting group is group two and
correspondingly, the active group is group one, if the digital input is
FALSE. If no digital input is selected (SGrpDI = -), the active group
can be selected by changing the value of the parameter SetGrp.
Figure 2.7: Example of protection submenu with setting group parameters
The changing of the setting parameters can be done easily. When

the desired submenu has been found (with the arrow keys), press
to select the submenu. Now the selected setting group is
indicated in the down-left corner of the display (See Figure 2.8). Set1
is setting group one and Set2 is setting group two. When the needed
changes, to the selected setting group, have been done, press
or to select another group ( is used when the active setting
group is 2 and is used when the active setting group is 1).
Figure 2.8: Example of I> setting submenu
24 V59/en M/A010
2.2.3 Fault logs

All the protection functions include fault logs. The fault log of a
function can register up to eight different faults with time stamp
information, fault values etc. The fault logs are stored in non-volatile
memory. Each function has its own logs. The fault logs are not
cleared when power is switched off. The user is able to clear all logs
using VAMPSET. Each function has its own logs (Figure 2.9).
Figure 2.9: Example of fault log
To see the values of, for example, log two, press then to select
the current log (log one). The current log number is then indicated
in the down-left corner of the display (SeeFigure 2.10, Log2 = log
two). The log two is selected by pressing once.
Figure 2.10: Example of selected fault log
V59/en M/A010 25
2.2.4 Operating levels

The relay has three operating levels: User level, Operator level
and Configurator level. The purpose of the access levels is to
prevent accidental change of relay configurations, parameters or
settings.
USER level
Use: Possible to read e.g. parameter values, measurements and events
Opening: Level permanently open
Closing: Closing not possible
OPERATOR level
Use: Possible to control objects and to change e.g. the settings of the
protection stages
Opening: Default password is 1
Setting state:
Push
Closing: The level is automatically closed after 10 minutes idle time. Giving
the password 9999 can also close the level.
CONFIGURATOR level
Use: The configurator level is needed during the commissioning of the
relay. E.g. the scaling of the voltage and current transformers can
be set.
Opening: Default password is 2
Setting state:
Push
Closing: The level is automatically closed after 10 minutes idle time. Giving
the password 9999 can also close the level.
26 V59/en M/A010
Opening access
1.
Push and on the front panel
ENTER PASSWORD
*** 0
Figure 2.11: Opening the access level
2. Enter the password needed for the desired level: the password
can contain four digits. The digits are supplied one by one by
first moving to the position of the digit using and then setting
the desired digit value using .
3. Push .
Password handling
The passwords can only be changed using VAMPSET software
connected to the USB -port in front of the relay.
It is possible to restore the password(s) in case the password is lost
or forgotten. In order to restore the password(s), a relay program is
needed. The virtual serial port settings are 38400 bps, 8 data bits,
no parity and one stop bit. The bit rate is configurable via the front
panel.
Command Description
get pwd_break Get the break code (Example: 6569403)
get serno Get the serial number of the relay (Example: 12345)
Send both the numbers to your nearest Schneider Electric Customer

Care Centre and ask for a password break. A device specific break
code is sent back to you. That code will be valid for the next two
weeks.
Command Description
set pwd_break=4435876 Restore the factory default passwords (“4435876” is just an
example. The actual code should be asked from your nearest
Schneider Electric Customer Care Centre.)
Now the passwords are restored to the default values (See

Chapter 2.2.4 Operating levels ).
V59/en M/A010 27
2.3 Operating measures 2 Local panel user interface
2.3 Operating measures
2.3.1 Control functions

The default display of the local panel is a single-line diagram including
relay identification, Local/Remote indication, Auto-reclose on/off
selection and selected analogue measurement values.
Please note that the operator password must be active in order to
be able to control the objects. Please refer to Chapter 2.2.4 Operating
levels.
Toggling Local/Remote control
1. Push . The previously activated object starts to blink.
2. Select the Local/Remote object (“L” or “R” squared) by using
arrow keys.
3. Push . The L/R dialog opens. Select “REMOTE” to enable
remote control and disable local control. Select “LOCAL” to
enable local control and disable remote control.
4. Confirm the setting by pushing . The Local/Remote state will
change.
Object control
- Using and /
2. Select the object to control by using arrow keys. Please note that
only controllable objects can be selected.
3. Push . A control dialog opens.
4. Select the “Open” or “Close” command by using the or .
5. Confirm the operation by pushing . The state of the object
changes.
- Using & in object control mode

1.
Push or . Object assigned to the key starts to blink and a
control dialog opens.
2. Confirm the operation by pushing .
Toggling virtual inputs
2. Select the virtual input object (empty or black square)
28 V59/en M/A010
2 Local panel user interface 2.3 Operating measures
3. The dialog opens

4. Select “VIon” to activate the virtual input or select “VIoff” to
deactivate the virtual input
2.3.2 Measured data

The measured values can be read from the Meas menu and its
submenus. Furthermore, any measurement value in the following
table can be displayed on the main view next to the single line
diagram. Up to six measurements can be shown.
Value Menu/Submenu Description
IL1 MEAS/PHASE CURRENTS Phase current IL1 [A]
IL1da MEAS/PHASE CURRENTS 15 min average for IL1 [A]
Io MEAS /SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Primary value of zerosequence/ residual current Io [A]
IoC MEAS /SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Calculated Io [A]
I1 MEAS /SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Positive sequence current [A]
I2 MEAS /SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Negative sequence current [A]
I2/I1 MEAS /SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Negative sequence current related to positive sequence current (for
unbalance protection) [%]
Uo MEAS/MISCELLANEOUS Residual voltage Uo [%]
f MEAS/MISCELLANEOUS Frequency [Hz]
AngDiag MEAS/ANGEE DIAGRAM Phasors
THDIL MEAS /HARM. DISTORTION Total harmonic distortion of the mean value of phase currents [%]
THDIL1 MEAS /HARM. DISTORTION Total harmonic distortion of phase current IL1 [%]
IL1har MEAS/HARMONICS of IL1 Harmonics of phase current IL1 [%]
IL1 wave MEAS/IL1 WAVEFORM Waveform of IL1
IL1 avg MEAS/IL1 AVERAGE 10 min average of IL1
V59/en M/A010 29
2.3 Operating measures 2 Local panel user interface
Figure 2.12: Example of harmonics bar display
2.3.3 Reading event register

The event register can be read from the Evnt submenu:
1. Push once.
2. The EVENT LIST appears. The display contains a list of all the
events that have been configured to be included in the event
register.
Figure 2.13: Example of an event register
3. Scroll through the event list with the and .

4. Exit the event list by pushing .
It is possible to set the order in which the events are sorted. If the
“Order” -parameter is set to “New-Old”, then the first event in the
EVENT LIST is the most recent event.
30 V59/en M/A010
2 Local panel user interface 2.3 Operating measures
2.3.4 Forced control (Force)

In some menus it is possible to switch a function on and off by using
a force function. This feature can be used, for instance, for testing
a certain function. The force function can be activated as follows:
1. Open access level Configurator.
2. Move to the setting state of the desired function, for example DO
(see Chapter 2.4 Configuration and parameter setting).
3. Select the Force function (the background color of the force text
is black).
Figure 2.14: Selecting Force function
4. Push .
5. Push the or to change the "OFF" text to "ON", that is,
to activate the Force function.
6. Push to return to the selection list. Choose the signal to be
controlled by force with the and , for instance the T1
signal.
7. Push to confirm the selection. Signal T1 can now be
controlled by force.
8. Push the or to change the selection from "0" (not alert)
to "1" (alert) or vice versa.
9. Push to execute the forced control operation of the selected
function, e.g., making the output relay of T1 to pick up.
10. Repeat the steps 7 and 8 to alternate between the on and off
state of the function.
11. Repeat the steps 1 – 4 to exit the Force function.
12.
Push to return to the main menu.
NOTE: All the interlockings and blockings are bypassed when the force
control is used.
V59/en M/A010 31
2.4 Configuration and parameter setting 2 Local panel user interface
2.4 Configuration and parameter setting

The minimum procedure to configure a device is
1. Open the access level "Configurator". The default password for
configurator access level is 2.
2. Set the rated values in menu [CONF] including at least current
transformers, voltage transformers and motor ratings if applicable.
Also the date and time settings are in this same main menu.
3. Enable the needed protection functions and disable the rest of
the protection functions in main menu [Prot].
4. Set the setting parameter of the enable protection stages
according the application.
5. Connect the output relays to the start and trip signals of the
enabled protection stages using the output matrix. This can be
done in main menu [DO], although the VAMPSET program is
recommended for output matrix editing.
6. Configure the needed digital inputs in main menu [DI].
7. Configure blocking and interlockings for protection stages using
the block matrix. This can be done in main menu [Prot], although
VAMPSET is recommended for block matrix editing.
Some of the parameters can only be changed via the USB-port using
the VAMPSET software. Such parameters, (for example passwords,
blockings and mimic configuration) are normally set only during
commissioning.
Some of the parameters require the restarting of the relay. This
restarting is done automatically when necessary. If a parameter
change requiresrestarting, the display will show as Figure 2.15
Figure 2.15: Example of auto-reset display
Press to return to the setting view. If a parameter must be

changed, press again. The parameter can now be set. When
the parameter change is confirmed with , a [RESTART]- text
appears to the top-right corner of the display. This means that
auto-resetting is pending. If no key is pressed, the auto-reset will be
executed within few seconds.
32 V59/en M/A010
2 Local panel user interface 2.4 Configuration and parameter setting
2.4.1 Parameter setting

1. Move to the setting state of the desired menu (for example
CONF/CURRENT SCALING) by pushing . The Pick text
appears in the upper-left part of the display.
2. Enter the password associated with the configuration level by
pushing and then using the arrow keys and (default

value is 0002). For more information about the access levels,
please refer to Chapter 2.2.3 Fault logs.
3. Scroll through the parameters using the and .A
parameter can be set if the background color of the line is black.
If the parameter cannot be set the parameter is framed.
4. Select the desired parameter (for example Inom) with .
5. Use the and keys to change a parameter value. If the
value contains more than one digit, use the and keys
to shift from digit to digit, and the and keys to change
the digits.
6. Push to accept a new value. If you want to leave the
parameter value unchanged, exit the edit state by pushing .
VAMP 50 series changing parameters
Figure 2.16: Changing parameters
V59/en M/A010 33
2.4.2 Setting range limits

If the given parameter setting values are out-of-range values, a fault
message will be shown when the setting is confirmed with .
Adjust the setting to be within the allowed range.
Figure 2.17: Example of a fault message
The allowed setting range is shown in the display in the setting mode.
To view the range, push . Push to return to the setting mode.
Figure 2.18: Allowed setting ranges show in the display
2.4.3 Disturbance recorder menu DR

Via the submenus of the disturbance recorder menu the following
functions and features can be read and set:
Disturbance settings
1. Manual trigger (ManTrg)
2. Status (Status)
3. Clear oldest record (Clear)
4. Clear all records (ClrAll)
5. Recording completion (Stored)
6. Count of ready records (ReadyRec)
34 V59/en M/A010
Recorder settings
1. Manual trigger (ManTrig)
2. Sample rate (SR)
3. Recording time (Time)
4. Pre trig time (PreTrig)
5. Mximum time (MaxLen)
6. Count of ready records (ReadyRec)
Rec. channels
• Add a link to the recorder (AddCh)
• Clear all links (ClrCh)
Available links
• DO, DI
• IL
• I2/In, I2/I1, I2, I1, IoCalc
• f
• Io
• IoRMS
• IL3, IL2, IL1
• IL1Rem, IL2Rem, IL3Rem
• THDIL1, THDIL2, THDIL3
• IL1RMS, IL2RMS, IL3RMS
• ILmin
• ILmax
• T
• Uo
2.4.4 Configuring digital inputs DI

The following functions can be read and set via the submenus of the
digital inputs menu:
1. The status of digital inputs (DIGITAL INPUTS 1, 2)
2. Operation counters (DI COUNTERS)
3. Operation delay (DELAYs for DigIn)
4. The polarity of the input signal (INPUT POLARITY). Either
normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC) circuit.
5. Event enabling EVENT MASK1
V59/en M/A010 35
2.4.5 Configuring digital outputs DO

digital outputs menu:
• The status of the output relays (RELAY OUTPUTS1 and 2)
• The forcing of the output relays (RELAY OUTPUTS1 and 2) (only
if Force = ON):
- Forced control (0 or 1) of the Trip relays
- Forced control (0 or 1) of the Alarm relays
- Forced control (0 or 1) of the SF relay
• The configuration of the output signals to the output relays. The
configuration of the operation indicators (LED) Alarm and Trip
and application specific alarm leds A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H (that
is, the output relay matrix).
NOTE: The amount of Trip and Alarm relays depends on the relay type and
optional hardware.
2.4.6 Configuring analogue outputs AO (Option)

Via the submenus of the analogue output menu the following
functions can be read and set:
Analog output
• Value of AO1 (AO1)
• Forced control of analogue output (Force)
Analog output 1 – 4
• Value linked to the analogue output (Lnk1)
• (See list available links)
• Scaled minimum of linked value (Min)
• Scaled maximum of linked value (Max)
• Scaled minimum of analogue output (AOmin)
• Scaled maximum of analogue output (AOmax)
• Value of analogue output (AO1)
36 V59/en M/A010
Available links:
• IL1, IL2, IL2
• F
• IL
• Io, IoCalc
• Uo
2.4.7 Protection menu Prot

Prot menu:
1. Reset all the counters (PROTECTION SET/ClAll)
2. Read the status of all the protection functions (PROTECT
STATUS 1 – x)
3. Enable and disable protection functions (ENABLED STAGES 1
– x)
4. Define the interlockings using block matrix (only with VAMPSET)
Each stage of the protection functions can be disabled or enabled
individually in the Prot menu. When a stage is enabled, it will be in
operation immediately without a need to reset the relay.
The relay includes several protection functions. However, the
processor capacity limits the number of protection functions that can
be active at the same time.
2.4.8 Configuration menu CONF

The following functions and features can be read and set via the
submenus of the configuration menu:
Device setup
• Bit rate for the command line interface in communication ports
and the USB-port in the front panel. The front panel is always
using this setting. If SPABUS is selected for the rear panel port,
the bit rate is according SPABUS settings.
• Access level [Acc]
• PC access level [PCAcc]
Language
• List of available languages in the relay
V59/en M/A010 37
Current scaling
• Rated phase CT primary current (Inom)
• Rated phase CT secondary current (Isec)
• Rated input of the relay [Iinput] is 5 A
• Rated value of I0 CT primary current (Ionom)
• Rated value of I0 CT secondary current (Iosec)
• Rated I0 input of the relay [Ioinp] is 1 A / 5 A or 0.2 A / 1 A. This
is specified in the order code of the device.
The rated input values are usually equal to the rated secondary value
of the CT.
The rated CT secondary may be greater than the rated input but the
continuous current must be less than four times the rated input. In
compensated, high impedance earthed and isolated networks using
cable transformer to measure residual current I0, it is quite usual to
use a relay with 1 A or 0.2 A input although the CT is 5 A or 1A. This
increases the measurement accuracy.
The rated CT secondary may also be less than the rated input but
the measurement accuracy near zero current will decrease.
Voltage scaling
• Rated U0 VT secondary voltage (Uosec)
Device info
• Relay type (Type VAMP 59)
• Serial number (SerN)
• Software version (PrgVer)
• Bootcode version (BootVer)
Date/time setup
• Day, month and year (Date)
• Time of day (Time)
• Date format (Style). The choices are "yyyy-mm-dd", "dd.nn.yyyy"
and "mm/dd/yyyy".
38 V59/en M/A010
Clock synchronisation
• Digital input for minute sync pulse (SyncDI). If any digital input
is not used for synchronization, select "-".
• Daylight saving time for NTP synchronization (DST).
• Detected source of synchronization (SyScr).
• Synchronization message counter (MsgCnt).
• Latest synchronization deviation (Dev).
The following parameters are visible only when the access level is
higher than "User".
• Offset, i.e. constant error, of the synchronization source (SyOS).
• Auto adjust interval (AAIntv).
• Average drift direction (AvDrft): "Lead" or "lag".
• Average synchronization deviation (FilDev).
SW options
• Application mode, fixed Feeder (ApplMod)
• External led module installed (Ledmodule)
• Mimic display selection (MIMIC)
V59/en M/A010 39
2.4.9 Protocol menu Bus

There are three optional communication ports in the rear panel. The
availability depends on the communication options (see Chapter 14
Order information).
In addition there is a USB-connector in the front panel overruling the
local port in the rear panel.
Remote port
• Communication protocol for remote port [Protocol].
• Message counter [Msg#]. This can be used to verify that the
device is receiving messages.
• Communication error counter [Errors]
• Communication time-out error counter [Tout].
• Information of bit rate/data bits/parity/stop bits. This value is not
directly editable. Editing is done in the appropriate protocol setting
menus.
The counters are useful when testing the communication.
PC (Local/SPA-bus)
This is a second menu for local port. The VAMPSET communication
status is showed.
• Bytes/size of the transmitter buffer [Tx].
• Same information as in the previous menu.
Extension port
• Communication protocol for extension port [Protocol].
• Information of bit rate/data bits/parity/stop bits. This value is not
directly editable. Editing is done in the appropriate protocol setting
menus.
40 V59/en M/A010
Ethernet port
These parameters are used by the ethernet interface module. For
changing the nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn style parameter values, VAMPSET
is recommended.
• Ethernet port protocol [Protoc].
• IP Port for protocol [Port]
• IP address [IpAddr].
• Net mask [NetMsk].
• Gateway [Gatew].
• Name server [NameSw].
• Network time protocol (NTP) server [NTPSvr].
• TCP Keep alive interval [KeepAlive]
• MAC address [MAC]
• IP Port for VAMPSET [VS Port]
• Message counter [Msg#]
• Error counter [Errors]
• Timeout counter [Tout]
Modbus
• Modbus address for this slave device [Addr]. This address has
to be unique within the system.
• Modbus bit rate [bit/s]. Default is "9600".
• Parity [Parity]. Default is ”Even”.
For details, see Chapter 9.2.2 Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU.
External I/O protocol

External I/O is actually a set of protocols which are designed to be
used with the extension I/O modules connected to the extension
port. Only one instance of this protocol is possible.
Selectable protocols:
• Modbus: This is a modbus master protocol.
Bit rate [bit/s]. Default is ”9600”.
Parity [Parity]. Default is ”Even”.
• RTDInput: This protocol is designed to be used together with
VIO 12A RTD input module.
Bit rate [bit/s]. Default is ”9600”.
Parity [Parity]. Default is ”Even”.
For details, see Chapter 9.2.4 External I/O (Modbus RTU master).
V59/en M/A010 41
DNP3
Only one instance of this protocol is possible.
• Bit rate [bit/s]. Default is "9600".
• [Parity].
• Address for this device [SlvAddr]. This address has to be unique
within the system.
• Master's address [MstrAddr].
For details, see Chapter 9.2.3 DNP 3.0.
2.4.10 Single line diagram editing

The single-line diagram is drawn with the VAMPSET software. For
more information, please refer to the VAMPSET manual
(VVAMPSET/EN M/xxxx).
Ba y 0 L
0A
0.000A
0kW
0Kva r
Figure 2.19: Single line diagram
2.4.11 Blocking and Interlocking configuration

The configuration of the blockings and interlockings is done with the
VAMPSET software. Any start or trip signal can be used for blocking
the operation of any protection stage. Furthermore, the interlocking
between objects can be configured in the same blocking matrix of
the VAMPSET software. For more information, please refer to the
VAMPSET manual (VVAMPSET/EN M/xxxx).
42 V59/en M/A010
3 VAMPSET PC software
3 VAMPSET PC software
The PC user interface can be used for:
• On-site parameterization of the relay
• Loading relay software from a computer
• Reading measured values, registered values and events to a
computer
• Continuous monitoring of all values and events
A USB port is available for connecting a local PC with VAMPSET to
the relay. A standard USB-B cable can be used.
The VAMPSET program can also use the TCP/IP LAN connection.
Optional hardware is required for Ethernet connection.
There is a free of charge PC program called VAMPSET available
for configuration and setting of VAMP relays. Please download the
latest VAMPSET.exe from our web page. For more information about
the VAMPSET software, please refer to the user’s manual with the
code VVAMPSET/EN M/xxxx. Also the VAMPSET user’s manual is
available at our web site.
When the relay is connected to a PC with a USB, a virtual comport
will be created. The comport number may vary depending on your
computer hardware. In order to check the correct port number, please
go to Windows Device Manager: Control
Panel->System->Hardware->Device Manager and under Ports
(COM&LPT) for “USB Serial Port”. The correct comport must be
selected from the VAMPSET menu: Settings->Communication
Settings. Speed setting can be set up to 187500 bps. Default setting
in the relay is 38400 bps which can be manually changed from the
front panel of the device.
By default every new relay will create a new comport. To avoid this
behavior, the user needs to add a REG_BINARY value called
IgnoreHWSerNum04036001 to the Windows registry and set it to
01. The location for this value is
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\UsbFlags\.
3.1 Folder view

In VAMPSET version 2.2.136, a feature called ”Folder view” was
introduced.
The idea of folder view is to make it easier for the user to work with
relay functions inside VAMPSET. When folder view is enabled,
VAMPSET gathers similar functions together and places them
appropriately under seven different folders (GENERAL,
V59/en M/A010 43
3.1 Folder view 3 VAMPSET PC software
MEASUREMENTS, INPUTS/OUTPUTS, MATRIX, LOGS and

COMMUNICATION). The contents (functions) of the folders depend
on the relay type and currently selected application mode.
Folder view can be enabled in VAMPSET via Program Settings dialog
(Settings -> Program Settings), see Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1: Enable folder view setting in Program Settings dialog
NOTE: It is possible to enable/ disable the folder view only when VAMPSET
is disconnected from the relay and there is no configuration file
opened.
When folder view is enabled, folder buttons become visible in

VAMPSET, see Figure 3.2. Currently selected folder appears in bold.
Figure 3.2: Folder view buttons
44 V59/en M/A010
4 Introduction
4 Introduction
The numerical device includes all the essential overcurrent and
earthfault protection functions needed. Further, the device includes
several programmable functions, such as thermal, trip circuit
supervision and circuit breaker protection and communication
protocols for various protection and communication situations.
4.1 Main features

• Fully digital signal handling with microprocessor technology, and
high measuring accuracy on all the setting ranges due to an
accurate A/D conversion technique.
• Complete set of function for the proper protection of lines
• The device can be matched to the requirements of the application
by disabling the functions that are not needed.
• Flexible control and blocking possibilities due to digital signal
control inputs (DI) and outputs (DO).
• Easy adaptability of the device to various substations and alarm
systems due to flexible signal-grouping matrix in the device.
• Possibility to control objects (e.g. circuit-breakers, disconnectors)
from relay HMI or SCADA/automation system
• Freely configurable large display with six measurement values.
• Freely configurable interlocking schemes with basic logic
functions.
• Recording of events and fault values into an event register from
which the data can be read via relay HMI or by means of a PC
based VAMPSET user interface.
• All events, indications, parameters and waveforms are in
non-volatile memory.
• Easy configuration, parameterisation and reading of information
via local HMI, or with a VAMPSET user interface.
• Easy connection to various automation systems due to several
available communication protocols. Native IEC61850
implementation is available as option.
• Flexible communication option concept available to support
different media requirements (serial interfaces, optical fibres,
Ethernet etc),
• Built-in, self-regulating ac/dc converter for auxiliary power supply
from any source within the range from 40 to 265 Vdc or Vac. The
alternative power supply is for 18 to 36 Vdc.
V59/en M/A010 45
4.2 Principles of numerical protection techniques 4 Introduction
• Built-in disturbance recorder for evaluating all the analogue and

digital signals.
4.2 Principles of numerical protection

techniques
The device is fully designed using numerical technology. This means
that all the signal filtering, protection and control functions are
implemented through digital processing.
The numerical technique used in the device is primarily based on
an adapted Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). In FFT the number
of calculations (multiplications and additions), which are required to
filter out the measuring quantities, remains reasonable.
By using synchronized sampling of the measured analog signals
and a sample rate according to the 2n series, the FFT technique
leads to a solution, which can be realized with a 16 bit micro
controller, without using a separate DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
The synchronized sampling means an even number of 2n samples
per period (e.g. 32 samples per a period). This means that the
frequency must be measured and the number of the samples per
period must be controlled accordingly so that the number of the
samples per period remains constant if the frequency changes.
Therefore, some current has to be injected to the current input IL1 to
adapt the network frequency for the device. However, if this is not
possible then the frequency must be parameterised to the device.
Apart from the FFT calculations, some protection functions also
require the symmetrical components to be calculated for obtaining
the positive, negative and zero phase sequence components of the
measured quantity.
Figure 4.1 shows a principle block diagram of a numerical device.
The main components are the energizing inputs, digital input
elements, output relays, A/D converters and the micro controller
including memory circuits. Further, a device contains a power supply
unit and a human-machine interface (HMI).
Figure 4.2 shows the heart of the numerical technology. That is the
main block diagram for calculated functions.
Figure 4.3 shows a principle diagram of a single-phase overvoltage
function.
46 V59/en M/A010
4 Introduction 4.2 Principles of numerical protection techniques
Figure 4.1: Principle block diagram of the VAMP hardware
Figure 4.2: Block diagram of signal processing and protection software
Figure 4.3: Block diagram of a basic protection function
V59/en M/A010 47
5 Protection functions
5 Protection functions
Each protection stage can independently be enabled or disabled
according to the requirements of the intended application.
5.1 Maximum number of protection stages

in one application
The device limits the maximum number of enabled stages to about
30, depending of the type of the stages.
For more information, please see the configuration instructions in
Chapter 2.4 Configuration and parameter setting.
5.2 General features of protection stages

Setting groups
Setting groups are controlled by using digital inputs, function keys
or virtual inputs. When none of the assigned input/inputs is/are not
active the active setting group is defined by parameter ‘SetGrp no
control state’. When controlled input activates the corresponding
setting group is activated as well. If multiple inputs are active at the
same time the active setting group is defined by ‘SetGrp priority’. By
using virtual I/O the active setting group can be controlled using the
local panel display, any communication protocol or using the inbuilt
programmable logic functions.
Example
Any digital input could be used to control setting groups but in this
example DI1, DI2, DI3 and DI4 are chosen to control setting groups
1 to 4. This setting is done with a parameter “Set group x DI control”
where x refers to the desired setting group.
48 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.2 General features of protection stages
Figure 5.1: DI1, DI2, DI3, DI4 are configured to control Groups 1 to 4 respectively.
“SetGrp priority” is used to give a condition to a situation where two

or more digital inputs, controlling setting groups, are active and at a
same time . SetGrp priority could have vales “1 to 4” or “4 to 1”.
Figure 5.2: SetGrp priority setting is located in the Valid Protection stages view.
Assuming that DI2 and DI3 are active at a same time and SetGrp
priority is set to “1 to 4” setting group 2 will become active. In case
SetGrp priority is reversed i.e. it is set to “4 to 1” setting group 3
would be active.
Forcing start or trip condition for testing

The status of a protection stage can be one of the followings:
• Ok = ‘-‘
The stage is idle and is measuring the analog quantity for the
protection. No fault detected.
• Blocked
The stage is detecting a fault but blocked by some reason.
• Start
The stage is counting the operation delay.
• Trip
The stage has tripped and the fault is still on.
The blocking reason may be an active signal via the block matrix
from other stages, the programmable logic or any digital input. Some
stages also have inbuilt blocking logic. For more details about block
matrix, see Chapter 8.6 Blocking matrix.
V59/en M/A010 49
5.2 General features of protection stages 5 Protection functions
Forcing start or trip condition for testing purposes

There is a "Force flag" parameter which, when activated, allows
forcing the status of any protection stage to be "start" or "trip" for a
half second. By using this forcing feature any current or voltage
injection to the device is not necessary to check the output matrix
configuration, to check the wiring from the output relays to the circuit
breaker and also to check that communication protocols are correctly
transferring event information to a SCADA system.
After testing the force flag will automatically reset 5-minute after the
last local panel push button activity.
The force flag also enables forcing of the output relays.
Force flag can be found in relays menu.
Start and trip signals

Every protection stage has two internal binary output signals: start
and trip. The start signal is issued when a fault has been detected.
The trip signal is issued after the configured operation delay unless
the fault disappears before the end of the delay time.
Output matrix
Using the output matrix the user connects the internal start and trip
signals to the output relays and indicators. For more details, see
Chapter 8.5 Output matrix.
Blocking
Any protection function, except arc protection, can be blocked with
internal and external signals using the block matrix (Chapter 8.6
Blocking matrix). Internal signals are for example logic outputs and
start and trip signals from other stages and external signals are for
example digital and virtual inputs.
When a protection stage is blocked, it won't pick-up in case of a fault
condition is detected. If blocking is activated during the operation
delay, the delay counting is frozen until the blocking goes off or the
pick-up reason, i.e. the fault condition, disappears. If the stage is
already tripping, the blocking has no effect.
50 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.2 General features of protection stages
Retardation time
Retardation time is the time a protection relay needs to notice that
a fault has been cleared during the operate time delay. This
parameter is important when grading the operate time delay settings
between relays.
RetardationTime
tFAULT
tRET < 50 ms
DELAY SETTING > tFAULT + tRET
TRIP CONTACTS
Figure 5.3: Definition for retardation time. If the delay setting would be slightly
shorter, an unselective trip might occur (the dash line pulse).
For example, when there is a big fault in an outgoing feeder, it might

start i.e. pick-up both the incoming and outgoing feeder relay.
However, the fault must be cleared by the outgoing feeder relay and
the incoming feeder relay must not trip. Although the operating delay
setting of the incoming feeder is more than at the outgoing feeder,
the incoming feeder might still trip if the operate time difference is
not big enough. The difference must be more than the retardation
time of the incoming feeder relay plus the operate time of the outgoing
feeder circuit breaker.
Figure 5.3 shows an overvoltage fault seen by the incoming feeder,
when the outgoing feeder does clear the fault. If the operation delay
setting would be slightly shorter or if the fault duration would be
slightly longer than in the figure, an unselective trip might happen
(the dashed 40 ms pulse in the figure). In VAMP devices the
retardation time is less than 50 ms.
Reset time (release time)

Figure 5.4 shows an example of reset time i.e. release delay, when
the relay is clearing an overcurrent fault. When the relay’s trip
contacts are closed the circuit breaker (CB) starts to open. After the
CB contacts are open the fault current will still flow through an arc
between the opened contacts. The current is finally cut off when the
arc extinguishes at the next zero crossing of the current. This is the
start moment of the reset delay. After the reset delay the trip contacts
and start contact are opened unless latching is configured. The
precise reset time depends on the fault size; after a big fault the reset
time is longer. The reset time also depends on the specific protection
stage.
V59/en M/A010 51
5.2 General features of protection stages 5 Protection functions
The maximum reset time for each stage is specified in Chapter 12.3
Protection functions. For most stages it is less than 95 ms.
tSET
tCB
tRESET
TRIP CONTACTS
Figure 5.4: Reset time is the time it takes the trip or start relay contacts to open
after the fault has been cleared.
Hysteresis or dead band

When comparing a measured value against a pick-up value, some
amount of hysteresis is needed to avoid oscillation near equilibrium
situation. With zero hysteresis any noise in the measured signal or
any noise in the measurement itself would cause unwanted oscillation
between fault-on and fault-off situations.
Hysteresis_GT
h y st er esi s
Start level
> Start
Figure 5.5: Behaviour of a greater than comparator. For example in overvoltage

stages the hysteresis (dead band) acts according this figure.
h y st er esi s
Hysteresis_LT
Start level
< Start
Figure 5.6: Behaviour of a less than comparator. For example in under-voltage

and under frequency stages the hysteresis (dead band) acts according this figure.
52 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.3 Application modes
5.3 Application modes

The application modes available are the feeder protection mode and
the motor protection mode. In the feeder protection mode all current
dependent protection functions are relative to nominal current IN
derived by CT ratios. The motor protection functions are unavailable
in the feeder protection mode. In the motor protection mode all current
dependent protection functions are relative to motor’s nominal current
IMOT. The motor protection mode enables motor protection functions.
All functions which are available in the feeder protection mode are
also available in the motor protection mode. Default value of the
application mode is the feeder protection mode.
The application mode can be changed with VAMPSET software or
from CONF menu of the device. Changing the application mode
requires configurator password.
5.4 Current protection function

dependencies
The current based protection functions are relative to IMODE, which
is dependent of the application mode. In the motor, protection mode
all of the current based functions are relative to IMOT and in the feeder
protection mode to IN with following exceptions.
I2> (46), I2>> (47), IST> (48), N> (66) are always dependent on IMOT
and they are only available when application mode is in the motor
protection.
5.5 Overcurrent protection I> (50/51)

Overcurrent protection is used against short circuit faults and heavy
overloads.
The overcurrent function measures the fundamental frequency
component of the phase currents. The protection is sensitive for the
highest of the three phase currents. Whenever this value exceeds
the user's pick-up setting of a particular stage, this stage picks up
and a start signal is issued. If the fault situation remains on longer
than the user's operation delay setting, a trip signal is issued.
V59/en M/A010 53
5.5 Overcurrent protection I> (50/51) 5 Protection functions
Defininte / Inverse time

inverse time characteristics
Figure 5.7: Block diagram of the three-phase overcurrent stage I>
Figure 5.8: Block diagram of the three-phase overcurrent stage I>> and I>>>
Three independent stages

There are three separately adjustable overcurrent stages: I>, I>>
and I>>>. The first stage I> can be configured for definite time (DT)
or inverse time operation characteristic (IDMT). The stages I>> and
I>>> have definite time operation characteristic. By using the definite
delay type and setting the delay to its minimum, an instantaneous
(ANSI 50) operation is obtained.
Figure 5.7 shows a functional block diagram of the I> overcurrent
stage with definite time and inverse time operate time. Figure 5.8
shows a functional block diagram of the I>> and I>>> overcurrent
stages with definite time operation delay.
Inverse operate time

Inverse delay means that the operate time depends on the amount
the measured current exceeds the pick-up setting. The bigger the
fault current is, the faster is the operation. Accomplished inverse
delays are available for the I> stage. The inverse delay types are
described in Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation. The device shows
54 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.5 Overcurrent protection I> (50/51)
the currently used inverse delay curve graph on the local panel
display.
Inverse time limitation

The maximum measured secondary current is 50 x IN. This limits
the scope of inverse curves with high pick-up settings. See
Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation for more information.
Cold load and inrush current handling

See Chapter 6.3 Cold load pick-up and inrush current detection.
Setting groups
There are four settings groups available for each stage. Switching
between setting groups can be controlled by digital inputs, virtual
inputs (communication, logic) and manually. See Chapter 5.2 General
features of protection stages for more details.
Table 5.1: Parameters of the overcurrent stage I> (50/51)
Parameter Value Unit Description Note
Status - Current status of the stage -
Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
TripTime s Estimated time to trip
SCntr Cumulative start counter C
TCntr Cumulative trip counter C
SetGrp 1, 2, 3, 4 Active setting group Set
SGrpDI Digital signal to select the active setting group Set
- None
DIx Digital input
VIx Virtual input
LEDx LED indicator signal
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. This is a common Set
flag for all stages and output relays, too. This flag is automatic-
On ally reset 5 minutes after the last front panel push button
pressing.
ILmax A The supervised value. Max. of IL1, IL2 and IL3
Status Current status of the stage
I> A Pick-up value scaled to primary value
I> xIN Pick-up setting Set
V59/en M/A010 55

Curve - Delay curve family: Set
DT Definite time
IEC, IEEE, Inverse time. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.
IEEE2, RI, PrgN
Type - Delay type Set
DT Definite time
NI, VI, EI, LTI, Inverse time. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.
Parameters
t> s Definite operate time (for definite time only) Set
k> Inverse delay multiplier (for inverse time only) Set
Dly20x s Delay at 20xImode
IncHarm On/off Include Harmonics
Delay curves Graphic delay curve picture (only local display)
A, B, C, D, E User's constants for standard equations. Type=Parameters. Set
Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.
Recorded values LOG1 Date and time of trip
Type Fault type
Flt xIN Fault current
Load xIN Pre-fault current
Edly % Elapsed delay time
SetGrp Active set group during fault
Set = An editable parameter (password needed). C = Can be cleared to zero. F = Editable when force flag is on.
For details of setting ranges, see Table 12.20
Table 5.2: Parameters of the overcurrent stages I>>, I>>> (50/51)

Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
56 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.5 Overcurrent protection I> (50/51)

- None
DIx Digital input
VIx Virtual input
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. This is a common Set
flag for all stages and output relays, too. Automatically reset
On by a 5-minute timeout.
I>>, I>>> A Pick-up value scaled to primary value
I>>, I>>> xIN Pick-up setting Set
t>>, t>>> s Definite operate time Set
IncHarm On/off Include Harmonics Set
For details of setting ranges, see Table 12.21, Table 12.22.
Recorded values of the latest eight faults

There is detailed information available of the eight latest faults: Time
stamp, fault type, fault current, load current before the fault, elapsed
delay and setting group.
Table 5.3: Recorded values of the overcurrent stages (8 latest faults) I>, I>>,
I>>> (50/51)
Parameter Value Unit Description
yyyy-mm-dd Time stamp of the recording, date
hh:mm:ss.ms Time stamp, time of day
Type - Fault type
1-N Ground fault
2-N Ground fault
3-N Ground fault
1-2 Two phase fault
2-3 Two phase fault
3-1 Two phase fault
1-2-3 Three phase fault

Flt xIN Maximum fault current
Load xIN 1 s average phase currents before the fault
EDly % Elapsed time of the operate time setting. 100% = trip
SetGrp 1, 2, 3, 4 Active setting group during fault
V59/en M/A010 57
5.5.1 Remote controlled overcurrent scaling

Pick-up setting of the three over current stages can also be controlled
remotely. In this case only two scaling coefficients are possible:
100% (the scaling is inactive) and any configured value between
10% - 200% (the scaling is active). When scaling is enabled all
settings of group one are copied to group two but the pick-up value
of group two is changed according the given value (10-200%).
• This feature can be enabled/disabled via VAMPSET or by using
the local panel. When using VAMPSET the scaling can be
activated and adjusted in the “protection stage status 2” –menu.
When using the local panel similar settings can be found from
the “prot” -menu.
• It is also possible to change the scaling factor remotely by using
the modbus TCP –protocol. When changing the scaling factor
remotely value of 1% is equal to 1. Check the correct modbus
address for this application from the VAMPSET or from the
communication parameter list.
Figure 5.9: Remote scaling example.
In the Figure 5.9 can be seen the affect of remote scaling. After
enabling group is changed from group one to group two and all
settings from group one are copied to group two. The difference is
that group two uses scaled pick-up settings.
NOTE: When remote scaling function is used, it replaces all the settings of
group 2. So this function cannot be used simultaneously with normal
group change.
58 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.6 Current unbalance stage I2/I1> (46)
5.6 Current unbalance stage I2/I1> (46)

The purpose of the unbalance stage is to detect unbalanced load
conditions, for example a broken conductor of a heavy loaded
overhead line in case there is no earth fault. The operation of the
unbalanced load function is based on the negative phase sequence
component I2 related to the positive phase sequence component I1.
This is calculated from the phase currents using the method of
symmetrical components. The function requires that the measuring
inputs are connected correctly so that the rotation direction of the
phase currents are as in Chapter 11.11 Connection examples. The
unbalance protection has definite time operation characteristic.
I I1 = IL1 + aIL2 + a2IL3
K2 = 2
I1 I2 = IL1 + a2IL2 + aIL3
1 3
a = 1∠120° = − + j
2 2 , a phasor rotating constant
Table 5.4: Setting parameters of the current unbalanced stage I2/I1> (46)
Parameter Value Unit Default Description
I2/I1> 2 – 70 % 20 Setting value, I2/I1
t> 1.0 – 600.0 s 10.0 Definite operate time
Type DT - DT The selection of time characteristics
INV
S_On Enabled; Disabled - Enabled Start on event
S_Off Enabled; Disabled - Enabled Start off event
T_On Enabled; Disabled - Enabled Trip on event
T_Off Enabled; Disabled - Enabled Trip off event
Table 5.5: Measured and recorded values of the current unbalanced stage
I2/I1> (46)
Measured value I2/I1 % Relative negative sequence component
Recorded values SCntr Cumulative start counter
TCntr Cumulative trip counter
Flt % Maximum I2/I1 fault component
EDly % Elapsed time as compared to the set oper-
ate time, 100% = tripping
V59/en M/A010 59
5.7 Directional earth fault protection I0φ> (67N) 5 Protection functions
5.7 Directional earth fault protection I0φ>

(67N)
The directional earth fault protection is used in networks where a
selective and sensitive earth fault protection is needed and in
applications with varying network structure and length.
The device consists of versatile protection functions for earth fault
protection in various network types.
The function is sensitive to the fundamental frequency component
of the residual current and zero sequence voltage and the phase
angle between them. The attenuation of the third harmonic is more
than 60 dB. Whenever the size of I0 and U0 and the phase angle
between I0 and U0 fulfils the pick-up criteria, the stage picks up and
a start signal is issued. If the fault situation remains on longer than
the user's operate time delay setting, a trip signal is issued.
Polarization
The negative zero sequence voltage U0 is used for polarization i.e.
the angle reference for I0. The -U0 voltage is measured via energizing
input U0.
• 3LN+U0: the zero sequence voltage is measured with voltage
transformer(s) for example using a broken delta connection. The
setting values are relative to the VT0 secondary voltage defined
in configuration.
NOTE: The U0 signal must be connected according the connection diagram

(Figure 11.8) in order to get a correct polarization.
Modes for different network types

The available modes are:
60 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.7 Directional earth fault protection I0φ> (67N)
• ResCap
This mode consists of two sub modes, Res and Cap. A digital
signal can be used to dynamically switch between these two sub
modes. This feature can be used with compensated networks,
when the Petersen coil is temporarily switched off.
- Res
The stage is sensitive to the resistive component of the
selected I0 signal. This mode is used with compensated
networks (resonant grounding) and networks earthed with
a high resistance. Compensation is usually done with a
Petersen coil between the neutral point of the main
transformer and earth. In this context "high resistance"
means, that the fault current is limited to be less than the
rated phase current. The trip area is a half plane as drawn
in Figure 5.11. The base angle is usually set to zero degrees.
- Cap
The stage is sensitive to the capacitive component of the
selected I0 signal. This mode is used with unearthed
networks. The trip area is a half plane as drawn in
Figure 5.11. The base angle is usually set to zero degrees.
• Sector
This mode is used with networks earthed with a small
resistance. In this context "small" means, that a fault current
may be more than the rated phase currents. The trip area has a
shape of a sector as drawn in Figure 5.12. The base angle is
usually set to zero degrees or slightly on the lagging inductive
side (i.e. negative angle).
• Undir
This mode makes the stage equal to the undirectional stage I0>.
The phase angle and U0 amplitude setting are discarded. Only
the amplitude of the selected I0 input is supervised.
Input signal selection

Each stage can be connected to supervise any of the following inputs
and signals:
• Input I0 for all networks other than rigidly earthed.
• Calculated signal I0Calc for rigidly and low impedance earthed
networks. I0Calc = IL1 + IL2 + IL3 = 3I0.
V59/en M/A010 61
Intermittent earth fault detection

Short earth faults make the protection to start (to pick up), but will
not cause a trip. (Here a short fault means one cycle or more. For
shorter than 1 ms transient type of intermittent earth faults in
compensated networks there is a dedicated stage I0INT> 67NI.) When
starting happens often enough, such intermittent faults can be cleared
using the intermittent time setting.
When a new start happens within the set intermittent time, the
operation delay counter is not cleared between adjacent faults and
finally the stage will trip.
Two independent stages

There are two separately adjustable stages: I0φ> and I0φ>>. Both
the stages can be configured for definite time delay (DT) or inverse
time delay operate time.
Inverse operate time

fault current is the faster will be the operation. Accomplished inverse
delays are available for both stages I0φ> and I0φ>>. The inverse
delay types are described in Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.
The device will show a scaleable graph of the configured delay on
the local panel display.

The maximum measured secondary residual current is 10 x I0N and
maximum measured phase current is 50 x IN. This limits the scope
of inverse curves with high pick-up settings. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse
time operation for more information.
Setting groups
62 V59/en M/A010
Figure 5.10: Block diagram of the directional earth fault stages I0φ>, I0φ>>
Figure 5.11: Operation characteristic of the directional earth fault protection in Res
or Cap mode. Res mode can be used with compensated networks and Cap mode
is used with ungrounded networks.
V59/en M/A010 63
70
70
Figure 5.12: Two example of operation characteristics of the directional earth fault
stages in sector mode. The drawn I0 phasor in both figures is inside the trip area. The
angle offset and half sector size are user’s parameters.
Table 5.6: Parameters of the directional earth fault stages I0φ>, I0φ>> (67N)
Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
SCntr Cumulative start counter Clr
TCntr Cumulative trip counter Clr
- None
DIx Digital input
VIx Virtual input
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. This Set
is a common flag for all stages and output relays,
On too. Automatically reset by a 5-minute timeout.
Io pu The supervised value according the parameter "In-
put" below.
IoCalc
(I0φ> only)
IoPeak
IoRes pu Resistive part of I0 (only when "InUse"=Res)
IoCap pu Capacitive part of I0 (only when "InUse"=Cap)
Ioφ> A Pick-up value scaled to primary value
64 V59/en M/A010

Ioφ> pu Pick-up setting relative to the parameter “Input” and Set
the corresponding CT value
Uo> % Pick-up setting for U0 Set
Uo % Measured U0
DT Definite time
IEC, IEEE, Inverse time. Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.

IEEE2, RI, PrgN
Type - Delay type. Set
DT Definite time
NI, VI, EI, LTI, Inverse time. Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.
Parameters
Mode ResCap High impedance earthed nets Set
Sector Low impedance earthed nets
Undir Undirectional mode

Offset ° Angle offset (MTA) for RecCap and Sector modes Set
Sector Default = 88 ±° Half sector size of the trip area on both sides of the Set
offset angle
ChCtrl Res/Cap control in mode ResCap Set
Res Fixed to Resistive characteristic
Cap Fixed to Capacitive characteristic
DIx Controlled by digital input
VIx Controlled by virtual input
InUse Selected submode in mode ResCap.
- Mode is not ResCap
Res Submode = resistive
Cap Submode = capacitive
Input Io X1:7, 8, 9. See Chapter 11 Connections. Set
IoCalc IL1 + IL2 + IL3
IoPeak X1:7, 8, 9 peak mode (I0φ> only)
Intrmt s Intermittent time Set
Dly20x s Delay at 20xI0N
A, B, C, D, E User's constants for standard equations. Set
Type=Parameters. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse time
operation.
V59/en M/A010 65
5.8 Earth fault protection I0> (50N/51N) 5 Protection functions

There is detailed information available of the eight latest earth faults:
Time stamp, fault current, elapsed delay and setting group.
Table 5.7: Recorded values of the directional earth fault stages (8 latest
faults) I0φ>, I0φ>> (67N)
Flt pu Maximum earth fault current
Resistive part of I0 (only when "InUse"=Res)
Capacitive part of I0 (only when "InUse"=Cap)

Angle ° Fault angle of I0
-U0 = 0°
Uo % Max. U0 voltage during the fault
5.8 Earth fault protection I0> (50N/51N)

The undirectional earth fault protection is to detect earth faults in low
impedance earthed networks. In high impedance earthed networks,
compensated networks and isolated networks undirectional earth
fault can be used as back-up protection.
The undirectional earth fault function is sensitive to the fundamental
frequency component of the residual current 3I0. The attenuation of
the third harmonic is more than 60 dB. Whenever this fundamental
value exceeds the user's pick-up setting of a particular stage, this
stage picks up and a start signal is issued. If the fault situation
remains on longer than the user's operate time delay setting, a trip
signal is issued.
Figure 5.13: Block diagram of the earth fault stage I0>
66 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.8 Earth fault protection I0> (50N/51N)
Figure 5.14: Block diagram of the earth fault stages I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>>
Figure 5.13 shows a functional block diagram of the I0> earth

overcurrent stage with definite time and inverse time operate time.
Figure 5.14 shows a functional block diagram of the I0>>, I0>>> and
I0>>>> earth fault stages with definite time operation delay.
Input signal selection

Each stage can be connected to supervise any of the following inputs
and signals:
• Input I0 for all networks other than rigidly earthed.
• Calculated signal I0Calc for rigidly and low impedance earthed
networks. I0Calc = IL1 + IL2 + IL3.
Intermittent earth fault detection

Short earth faults make the protection to start (to pick up), but will
not cause a trip. (Here a short fault means one cycle or more. For
shorter than 1 ms transient type of intermittent earth faults in
compensated networks there is a dedicated stage I0INT> 67NI.) When
starting happens often enough, such intermittent faults can be cleared
using the intermittent time setting.
When a new start happens within the set intermittent time, the
operation delay counter is not cleared between adjacent faults and
finally the stage will trip.
Four or six independent undirectional earth fault overcurrent

stages
There are four separately adjustable earth fault stages: I0>, I0>>,
I0>>>, and I0>>>>. The first stage I0> can be configured for definite
time (DT) or inverse time operation characteristic (IDMT). The other
stages have definite time operation characteristic. By using the
definite delay type and setting the delay to its minimum, an
instantaneous (ANSI 50N) operation is obtained.
V59/en M/A010 67
Using the directional earth fault stages (Chapter 5.7 Directional earth
fault protection I0φ> (67N)) in undirectional mode, two more stages
with inverse operate time delay are available for undirectional earth
fault protection.
Inverse operate time (I0> stage only)

fault current is the faster will be the operation. Accomplished inverse
delays are available for the I0> stage. The inverse delay types are
described in Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation. The device will
show a scaleable graph of the configured delay on the local panel
display.

The maximum measured secondary residual current is 10 x I0N and
maximum measured phase current is 50 x IN. This limits the scope
of inverse curves with high pick-up settings. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse
time operation for more information.
Setting groups
Table 5.8: Parameters of the undirectional earth fault stage I0> (50N/51N)
Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
- None
DIx Digital input
VIx Virtual input
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
68 V59/en M/A010

Io, IoCalc, IoPeak pu The supervised value according the parameter "In-
put" below.
Io> A Pick-up value scaled to primary value
Io> pu Pick-up setting relative to the parameter "Input" and Set
DT Definite time
IEC, IEEE, Inverse time. Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.

IEEE2, RI, PrgN
Type - Delay type. Set
DT Definite time
NI, VI, EI, LTI, Inverse time. Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation.
Parameters
IoPeak X1:7, 8, 9. peak mode (I0> only).
Intrmt s Intermittent time Set
Dly20x s Delay at 20 x I0N
Dly1x Delay at 1 x I0N
A, B, C, D, E User’s constants for standard equations. Set
Type=Parameters. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse time
operation.
Table 5.9: Parameters of the undirectional earth fault stage I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>>
(50N/51N)
Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
V59/en M/A010 69

SGrpDI - Digital signal to select the active setting group Set
- None
Dix Digital input
Vix Virtual input
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
Io pu The supervised value according the parameter “In-
put” below.
IoCalc
Io>>, Io>>>, Io>>>> A Pick-up value scaled to primary value
Io>>, Io>>>, Io>>>> pu Pick-up setting relative to the parameter "Input" and Set

There is detailed information available of the eight latest earth faults:
Time stamp, fault current, elapsed delay and setting group.
Table 5.10: Recorded values of the undirectional earth fault stages (8 latest
faults) I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>> (50N/51N)
Flt pu Maximum earth fault current
5.8.1 Earth fault faulty phase detection algorithm

Phase recognition:
A zero sequence overcurrent has been detected.
Faulted phase/ phases are detected in 2 stage system.
1. Algorithm is using delta principle to detect the faulty phase/
phases.
70 V59/en M/A010
2. Algorithm confirms the faulty phase with neutral current angle

comparison to the suspected faulted phase.
Ideal grounded network:
When there is forward earth fault in phase L1, its current will increase
creating calculated or measured zero sequence current in phase
angle of 0 degrees. If there is reverse earth fault in phase L1, its
current will degrease creating calculated or measured zero sequence
current in phase angle of 180 degrees.
angle of -120 degrees. If there is reverse earth fault in phase L2, its
current in phase angle of 60 degrees.
angle of 120 degrees. If there is reverse earth fault in phase L3 its
current in phase angle of -60 degrees.
Implementation:
When faulty phase is recognized, it will be recorded in 50N protection
fault log (also in event list and alarm screen). This faulted phase and
direction recording function has a tick box for enabling/disabling in
protection stage settings. For compensated network, this is not a
100% reliable algorithm because it depends on the network
compensation degree. So for compensated networks this feature
can be turned off so it will not cause confusion. For high impedance
earthed networks, there will be drop down menu in both setting
groups to choose between RES/CAP. RES is default and it is for
earthed networks. When CAP is chosen, the Io angle will be corrected
to inductive direction 90 degrees and after that faulty phase detection
is made.
Possible outcomes and conditions for those detections:
• FWD L1
Phase L1 increases above the set limit and two other phases
remain inside the set (delta) limit. Io current angle is +/- 60
degrees from L1 phase angle.
• FDW L2
• FDW L3
V59/en M/A010 71
• FWD L1-L2
Phase L1 and L2 increase above the set limit and phase L3
remains inside the set (delta) limit. Io current angle is between
L1 and L2 phase angles.
• FWD L2-L3
• FWD L3-L1
• FWD L1-L2-L3
All three phase currents increase above the set delta limit.
• REV 1 (any one phase)
One phase decreases below the set delta limit and other two
phases remain inside the delta limit.
• REV 2 (any two phase)
Two phases decrease below the set delta limit and third phase
remains inside the delta limit.
• REV 3 (all three phases)
All three phase currents decrease below the set delta limit.
Below are simulated different fault scenarios:
Figure 5.15: Phase L1 forward
72 V59/en M/A010
V59/en M/A010 73
5.9 Zero sequence voltage protection U0> (59N) 5 Protection functions
5.9 Zero sequence voltage protection U0>

(59N)
The zero sequence voltage protection is used as unselective backup
for earth faults and also for selective earth fault protections for motors
having a unit transformer between the motor and the busbar.
This function is sensitive to the fundamental frequency component
of the zero sequence voltage. The attenuation of the third harmonic
is more than 60 dB. This is essential, because 3rd harmonics exist
between the neutral point and earth also when there is no earth fault.
Whenever the measured value exceeds the user's pick-up setting
of a particular stage, this stage picks up and a start signal is issued.
If the fault situation remains on longer than the user's operate time
delay setting, a trip signal is issued.
Measuring the zero sequence voltage

The zero sequence voltage is either measured with three voltage
transformers (e.g. broken delta connection), one voltage transformer
between the motor's neutral point and earth or calculated from the
measured phase-to-neutral voltages according to the selected voltage
measurement mode (see Chapter 7.7 Voltage measurement modes):
• U0: The zero sequence voltage is measured with voltage
transformer(s) for example using a broken delta connection. The
setting values are relative to the VT0 secondary voltage defined
in configuration.
NOTE: The U0 signal must be connected according the connection diagram

(Figure 11.8) in order to get a correct polarization.
Two independent stages

There are two separately adjustable stages: U0> and U0>>. Both
stages can be configured for definite time (DT) operation
characteristic.
The zero sequence voltage function comprises two separately
adjustable zero sequence voltage stages (stage U0> and U0>>).
Setting groups
There are four settings groups available for both stages. Switching
74 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.9 Zero sequence voltage protection U0> (59N)
Figure 5.18: Block diagram of the zero sequence voltage stages U0>, U0>>
Table 5.11: Parameters of the residual overvoltage stages U0>, U0>>

Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
- None
DIx Digital input
VIx Virtual input
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
is a common flag for all stages and output relays, too.
On Automatically reset by a 5-minute timeout.
Uo %
The supervised value relative to Un/
Uo>, Uo>> % Set
Pick-up value relative to Un/
t>, t>> s Definite operate time Set

There are detailed information available of the eight latest faults:
Time stamp, fault voltage, elapsed delay and setting group.
V59/en M/A010 75
5.9 Zero sequence voltage protection U0> (59N) 5 Protection functions
Table 5.12: Recorded values of the residual overvoltage stages U0>, U0>>
Flt %
Fault voltage relative to Un/
76 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.10 Thermal overload protection T> (49)
5.10 Thermal overload protection T> (49)

The thermal overload function protects cables against excessive
heating.
Thermal model
The temperature is calculated using rms values of phase currents
and a thermal model according IEC 60255-8. The rms values are
calculated using harmonic components up to the 15th.
2
I 2 − IP
Trip time: t = τ ⋅ ln 2
I − a 2 , ȫ unit: second
Alarm: a = k ⋅ kΘ ⋅ I N ⋅ alarm (Alarm 60% = 0.6)
Trip: a = k ⋅ kΘ ⋅ I N
2
I
Release time: t = τ ⋅ Cτ ⋅ ln 2 P 2
a − I , ȫ unit: second
Trip release: a = 0.95 × k × I N
Start release: a = 0.95 × k × I N × alarm (Alarm 60% = 0.6)
T= operate time
= Thermal time constant tau (Setting value)
ln = Natural logarithm function

I= Measured rms phase current (the max. value of
three phase currents)
Ip = I = θ × k × IN
Preload current, P (If temperature
rise is 120%(θ = 1.2). This parameter is the
memory of the algorithm and corresponds to the
actual temperature rise.
k= Overload factor (Maximum continuous current),
i.e. service factor.(Setting value)
kΘ = Ambient temperature factor (Permitted current due
to tamb).
IN = The rated current
Cτ = Relay cooling time constant (Setting value)
V59/en M/A010 77
5.10 Thermal overload protection T> (49) 5 Protection functions
Time constant for cooling situation

If the feeder's fan is stopped, the cooling will be slower than with an
active fan. Therefore there is a coefficient Cτ for thermal constant
available to be used as cooling time constant, when current is less
than 0.3 x IN.
Heat capacitance, service factor and ambient temperature

The trip level is determined by the maximum allowed continuous
current IMAX corresponding to the 100 % temperature rise ΘTRIP i.e.
the heat capacitance of the cable. IMAX depends of the given service
factor k and ambient temperature ΘAMB and settings IMAX40 and
IMAX70 according the following equation.
I MAX = k ⋅ k Θ ⋅ I N
The value of ambient temperature compensation factor kΘ depends

on the ambient temperature ΘAMB and settings IMAX40 and IMAX70.
See Figure 5.19. Ambient temperature is not in use when kΘ = 1.
This is true when
• IMAX40 is 1.0
• Samb is “n/a” (no ambient temperature sensor)
• TAMB is +40 °C.
kQ AmbientTemperatureCompensation
1.2
IMAX40
1.0
0.8 IMAX70
0.6
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
QAMB (°C)
Figure 5.19: Ambient temperature correction of the overload stage T>.
78 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.10 Thermal overload protection T> (49)
Example of a behaviour of the thermal model

Figure 5.19 shows an example of the thermal model behaviour. In
this example = 30 minutes, k = 1.06 and kΘ = 1 and the current
has been zero for a long time and thus the initial temperature rise is
0 %. At time = 50 minutes the current changes to 0.85 x xIN and the
temperature rise starts to approach value (0.85/1.06)2 = 64 %
according the time constant. At time = 300 min, the temperature is
about stable, and the current increases to 5 % over the maximum
defined by the rated current and the service factor k. The temperature
rise starts to approach value 110 %. At about 340 minutes the
temperature rise is 100 % and a trip follows.
Initial temperature rise after restart

When the device is switched on, an initial temperature rise of 70 %
is used. Depending of the actual current, the calculated temperature
rise then starts to approach the final value.
Alarm function
The thermal overload stage is provided with a separately settable
alarm function. When the alarm limit is reached the stage activates
its start signal.
Figure 5.20: Example of the thermal model behaviour.
V59/en M/A010 79
5.11 Magnetishing inrush If2 > (68F2) 5 Protection functions
Table 5.13: Parameters of the thermal overload stage T> (49)

Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
Time hh:mm:ss Estimated time to trip
Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. Set
This is a common flag for all stages and output
On relays, too. Automatically reset by a 5-minute
timeout.
T % Calculated temperature rise. Trip limit is 100 %. F
MaxRMS Arms Measured current. Highest of the three phases.
Imax A k xIN. Current corresponding to the 100 % temper-
ature rise.
k> xIN Allowed overload (service factor) Set
Alarm % Alarm level Set
tau min Thermal time constant Set
ctau xtau Coefficient for cooling time constant. Default = Set
1.0
kTamb xIN Ambient temperature corrected max. allowed
continuous current
Imax40 %IN Allowed load at Tamb +40 °C. Default = 100 %. Set
Imax70 %IN Allowed load at Tamb +70 °C. Set
Tamb °C Ambient temperature. Editable Samb=n/a. Default Set
= +40 °C
Samb Sensor for ambient temperature Set
n/a No sensor in use for Tamb
ExtAI1 – 16 External Analogue input 1 – 16
5.11 Magnetishing inrush If2 > (68F2)

This stage is mainly used to block other stages. The ratio between
the second harmonic component and the fundamental frequency
component is measured on all the phase currents. When the ratio
in any phase exceeds the setting value, the stage gives a start signal.
After a settable delay, the stage gives a trip signal.
The start and trip signals can be used for blocking the other stages.
The trip delay is irrelevant if only the start signal is used for blocking.
80 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.11 Magnetishing inrush If2 > (68F2)
The trip delay of the stages to be blocked must be more than 60 ms

to ensure a proper blocking.
2ndHarm
Im1
&
Im2
Im3
MAX > ts tr
Start
Block
& Register
event
Trip
t
& Register
event
Setting Delay Enable events

2.Harm
Figure 5.21: Block diagram of the magnetishing inrush stage.
Table 5.14: Setting parameters of magnetishing inrush blocking (68F2)

If2> 10 – 100 % 10 Setting value If2/Ifund
t_f2 0.05 – 300.0 s 0.05 Definite operate time
Table 5.15: Measured and recorded values of magnetishing inrush blocking

(68F2)
Measured values IL1H2. % 2. harmonic of IL1, proportional to the fundamental value of
IL1
IL2H2. % 2. harmonic of IL2
Recorded values Flt % The max. fault value
EDly % Elapsed time as compared to the set operate time; 100% =
tripping
V59/en M/A010 81
5.12 Transformer over exicitation If5> (68F5) 5 Protection functions
5.12 Transformer over exicitation If5> (68F5)

Overexiting for example a transformer creates odd harmonics. This
over exicitation stage can be used detect overexcitation. This stage
can also be used to block some other stages.
The ratio between the over exicitation component and the
fundamental frequency component is measured on all the phase
currents. When the ratio in any phase exceeds the setting value, the
stage gives a start signal. After a settable delay, the stage gives a
trip signal.
The trip delay of the stages to be blocked must be more than 60 ms
to ensure a proper blocking.
Table 5.16: Setting parameters of over exicitation blocking (68F5)
If5> 10 – 100 % 10 Setting value If5/Ifund
t_f5 0.05 – 300.0 s 0.05 Definite operate time
Table 5.17: Measured and recorded values of over exicitation blocking (68F5)
Measured values IL1H5. % 5. harmonic of IL1, proportional to the
fundamental value of IL1
Recorded values Flt % The max. fault value
EDly % Elapsed time as compared to the set
operate time; 100% = tripping
82 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.13 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP (50BF)
5.13 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP

(50BF)
The circuit breaker failure protection can be used to trip any upstream
circuit breaker (CB), if the fault has not disappeared within a given
time after the initial trip command. A different output contact of the
device must be used for this backup trip.
The operation of the circuit-breaker failure protection (CBFP) is based
on the supervision of the signal to the selected trip relay and the time
the fault remains on after the trip command.
If this time is longer than the operate time of the CBFP stage, the
CBFP stage activates another output relay, which will remain
activated until the primary trip relay resets.
The CBFP stage is supervising all the protection stages using the
same selected trip relay, since it supervises the control signal of this
device. See Chapter 8.5 Output matrix.
Table 5.18: Parameters of the circuit breaker failure stage CBFP (50BF)
Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. This is Set
a common flag for all stages and output relays, too.
Cbrelay The supervised output relay*). Set
1 Relay T1
2 Relay T2
t> s Definite operate time. Set
*) This setting is used by the circuit breaker condition monitoring, too. See Chapter 6.5 Circuit breaker condition monitoring.

There are detailed information available of the eight latest faults:
Time stamp and elapsed delay.
V59/en M/A010 83
5.13 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP (50BF) 5 Protection functions
Table 5.19: Recorded values of the circuit breaker failure stage (8 latest
faults) CBFP (50BF)
84 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.14 Line differential protection LdI> (87L)
5.14 Line differential protection LdI> (87L)

VAMP 59 is a differential protection device mainly designed for
sub-transmission overhead lines, medium voltage cables and
transformers. Two line ends may lie within the protection zone.
Phase segregated protection is based on current (vector) differential.
Combination of both phase and magnitude differential is used to
determine operation. The differential element takes a sampled version
of the instantaneous current waveform as its local input and compares
it with a corresponding current from the remote end. The signal is
converted to magnitude and angle information for comparison. The
threshold characteristics is biased for CT saturation as presented in
Figure 5.22.
Settings:
IPick-Up = 20 – 50%
Start of slope1 = 0.5 – 1.0 x IN
Slope1 = 0 – 100%
Start of slope2 = 1.0 – 3.0 x IN
Slope2 = 50 – 200%
Figure 5.22: Tripping threshold characteristics
Bias current calculation is only used in protection stage LdI>. Bias

current describes the average current flow in transformer. Bias and
differential currents are calculated individually for each phase.
V59/en M/A010 85
5.14 Line differential protection LdI> (87L) 5 Protection functions
Equation 5.1: Bias current Equation 5.2: Differential current
I RELAY 1 + I RELAY 2 I d = I RELAY 1 − I RELAY 2

Ib =
2
Figure 5.23: Setting example
Example 1: Normal situation from relay 1 point of view
Relay1: measured phase current IL1 = 1000A / 0°

Relay2: measured phase current IL1 = 300A / -180°
CT scaling of relay1 is 1000A / 5A and nominal current is 1000A.
CT scaling of relay2 is 1000A / 1A and the nominal current is 300A.
Relay2 sends primary current measurement information to relay1.
Relay1 swaps the angle of received current by 180 degrees (relay2
phase current IL1 = 300A / -180° ⇒ 300A / 0°).
In BIAS-calculation the measured current amplitude is divided by
the nominal primary current of both ends (might be different like
now).
Relay1: IPRIMARY MEASURED / INOMINAL = 1000A / 1000A = 1
Relay2: IPRIMARY RECEIVED / INOMINAL REMOTE = 300A / 300A = 1
1+1
Ib = = 1× I N
2
I d = 1∠0° − 1∠0° = 0 × I N
Example 2: Fault situation from relay 1 point of view

86 V59/en M/A010

CT scaling of relay1 is 1000A / 5A and nominal current is 1000A.
CT scaling of relay2 is 1000A / 1A and the nominal current is 300A.
Relay2 sends primary current measurement information to relay1.
Relay1 swaps the angle of received current by 180 degrees (relay2
phase current IL1 = 2100A / -45° ⇒ 2100A / 135°).
In BIAS-calculation the measured current amplitude is divided by
the nominal primary current of both ends (might be different like
now).
Relay1: IPRIMARY MEASURED / INOMINAL = 2400A / 1000A = 2.4
Relay2: IPRIMARY RECEIVED / INOMINAL REMOTE = 2100A / 300A = 7
2.4 + 7
Ib = = 4. 7 × I N
2
I d = 2.4∠ − 35° − 7∠135° = 9.37 × I N
Figure 5.24: Example BIAS and differential calculation
Data communication for differential current measurement is

functioned via fibre-optic cables. Single-mode fibre provides
communication up till 120 km with external communication modules.
Relay has special setting called “Line distance”. This setting
compensates the time delay between the relay caused by the optic
fiber. In case that the length of the fibre is 90 km the setting has to
be 90km as well.
V59/en M/A010 87
Figure 5.25: CT wiring towards the line
The starting times of the phase currents calculation tasks in two

relays are synchronized. Function will block tripping until the
synchronization is achieved. The default communication speed is
64000 bps.
Serial remote port of the relay (RS-232) is used by line differential
protection. The recommended solution for the communication channel
is the supervised fibre optic wiring. With multimode fibre cables and
VSE001-GG fibre optic modems the communication distance can
be up to 1 km. When using single mode fibre cables and third party
converters the distance can be up to tens of kilometres.
Figure 5.26: Enabling line differential communication
Line differential protection has no operation delay. When the

difference between phase currents has been greater than the
threshold for two task cycles, the device will trip. Typical tripping time
in fault situation is 35 ms.
In case of the communication channel failure the line differential
protection is inactive.
Line differential trip signal as well as communication channel failure
status are available as inputs in the output matrix and blocking matrix
of the relay.
88 V59/en M/A010
Figure 5.27: Communication failure
The communication channel between two line differential protection

relays carries also binary signals in both directions: the status of LDP
trip signals, and the remote trip command signal which is an output
from the output logic matrix of the sending relay. Remote trip signal
can be processed as an input in the output matrix and blocking matrix
of the receiving relay. Up to 16 binary signals can be sent between
the relays. Signals are updated every 10 ms. POC-signals are tied
to line differential algorithm which is operating after every half cycle
(50Hz).
Figure 5.28: Up to 16 event stamped binary signals
In VAMP 59 current comparison is based to nominal primary currents

of both ends in this unit. In line or cable differential protection “nominal
primary” value should be the same the “CT primary” value.
V59/en M/A010 89
When it comes to transformer protection it is normal that nominal

current of the transformer differs of the CT nominal which is higher.
To ensure correct differential calculation it is important to know the
nominal current of the other end as well.
When there is transformer on the line or the VAMP 59 is used mainly
to transformer differential protection, it is possible to select correct
connection group and whether the relay is on high voltage (HV) or
low voltage side (LV).
Figure 5.29: CT – and transformer settings
If transformer is earthed, e.g. connection group Dyn11, then zero

current must be compensated before differential and bias current
calculation. Zero current compensation can be selected individually
for own and remote side.
90 V59/en M/A010
Table 5.20: Zero current compensation in transformer applications

Transformator Relay setting
Connection group ConnGrp Io cmps I'o cmps
YNy0 Yy0 ON OFF
YNyn0 Yy0 ON ON
Yy0 Yy0 OFF OFF
Yyn0 Yy0 OFF ON
YNy6 Yy6 ON OFF
YNyn6 Yy6 ON ON
Yy6 Yy6 OFF OFF
Yyn6 Yy6 OFF ON
Yd1 Yd1 OFF OFF
YNd1 Yd1 ON OFF
Yd5 Yd5 OFF OFF
YNd5 Yd5 ON OFF
Yd7 Yd7 OFF OFF
YNd7 Yd7 ON OFF
Yd11 Yd11 OFF OFF
YNd11 Yd11 ON OFF
Dy1 Dy1 OFF OFF
Dyn1 Dy1 OFF ON
Dy5 Dy5 OFF OFF
Dyn5 Dy5 OFF ON
Dy7 Dy7 OFF OFF
Dyn7 Dy7 OFF ON
Dy11 Dy11 OFF OFF
Dyn11 Dy11 OFF ON
For details of setting ranges, see Table 12.17, Table 12.18, Table 12.19.
V59/en M/A010 91
Testing mode
Test mode for commissioning can be enabled from the protection
stage also. When protection stage in test mode does not receive
currents from the other relay, this way the tests can be carried out
without interference from the other relay. In test mode, the relay still
sends it’s measurements to the other relay. When test mode is
activated, it is shown in the protection stage.
Figure 5.30: When VI1 was activated, “Operation mode” changed from normal to
test.
The other end relay tripping should be blocked during testing. This
can be achieved by sending block signal with POC-messages to the
other side and activating blocking for differential protection from that
signal.
Figure 5.31: Sending the Block signal
Figure 5.32: Receiving the Block signal in other relay
Figure 5.33: Using the block signal for differential protection blocking
92 V59/en M/A010
Current transformer supervision

The current transformer supervision feature is used to detect failure
of one or more of the phase current inputs to the relay. Failure of a
phase CT or an open circuit of the interconnecting wiring can result
in incorrect operation of any current operated element. Additionally,
interruption in the current circuit causes dangerous CT secondary
voltages being generated.
Figure 5.34: Current transformer supervision settings
Differential CTS method uses the ratio between positive and negative
sequence currents in both ends of the protected line to determine
CT failure. This algorithm relies on ANSI85 communication and is
inbuilt to LdI> stage.
When this ratio is small (zero), one of four conditions is present:
• The system is unloaded – both I2 and I1 are zero
• The system is loaded but balanced – I2 is zero
• The system has three phase fault – I2 is zero
• There is 3-phase CT failure – Unlikely to happen
When the ratio in non-zero one of the two conditions is present:
• The system has an asymmetric fault – both I2 and I1 are non-zero
• There is a 1 or 2 phase CT fault – both I2 and I1 are non-zero
I2 to I1 ratio is calculated in both ends of the protected line. Both
relays calculate their own ratio and other end ratio from the own
measurements and via ANSI85 received measurements. With this
information we can assume:
• If the ratio is non-zero in both ends we have real fault in the
network and the CTS should not operate.
• If the ratio is non-zero only in one end there is a change of CT
failure and CTS should operate.
A second criteria for CTS is to check whether the differential system
is loaded or not. For this purpose the positive sequence current I1
is checked at both ends. If load current is detected only in one end,
it is assumed that there is internal fault condition and CTS is
prevented from operating, but if load current is detected at both line
ends, CTS operation is permitted.
V59/en M/A010 93
There will be three modes of operation: Indication, restrain, block.

In indication mode CTS alarm is raised but no effect on tripping. In
restrain mode alarm is raised and differential current settings are
raised 100% which is theoretically the maximum amount of differential
current what CT failure can produce in normal full load condition. In
block mode alarm is raised and differential protection is inhibited to
trip.
Differential CTS block mode is not recommended for following two
reasons:
• If there is real fault during CT failure differential protection would
not protected the line at all.
• Blocking protection could slow down operation time of differential
protection due transients in beginning of fault in protected line.
5.14.1 Capacitive charging current

Major charging currents can be expected on cable or hybrid feeders.
The charging current of the cable will increase according the lengt
of the circuit. The capacitive charging current leads the feeder load
current and therefore is causing differential (phase and magnitude)
to the protected feeder. Steady state difference in currents will have
an impact on the minimum differential settings that may be used.
Equation 5.3: Capacitive charging current
I C = l 2πfCU ⋅ 10 −3
l= Cable length (km)
IC = Charging current (amperes)
f= Frequency
C= Cable capacitance ( µF / km)
U= Voltage to neutral (kV)
Example: 32km of certain 15kV cable:
µF 15kV
I C = 32km ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3.14 ⋅ 50 Hz ⋅ 0.23 ⋅ ⋅ 10 −3
km 3
will cause about 20A of constant charging current. In this case

differential stage should be set above 20A.
94 V59/en M/A010
Figure 5.35: Behaviour of constant charging current
NOTE: When cable feeder is energized there will be significant transient

charging current. The frequency of this transient is above basic
component and does not effect to the differential calculation.
5.14.2 ANSI 85 communication (POC –signals)

Total of 16 signals can be sent between two VAMP 59 line differential
relays via ANSI 85 communication. Basically it means when relay is
using 8 of the signals there is still 8 more signals left for the other
end. Signal status is updated every 10 ms.
Table 5.21: List of POC –signals between the relays (ANSI 85 communication)
Index Description Signal Value On event Off event
1 – 16 User selectable None 0–1 on – off on – off
name for the signal
(None as a default) DI1 – n
VI1 – 4
VO1 – 6
Logic1 – 20
V59/en M/A010 95
Figure 5.36: Selecting POC – signals
ANSI 85 communication has to be enabled between the relays to

transfer POC –signals. This is done by activating “Enable instance
1”. When for example DI1 is selected as a signal it’s value remains
0 as long as DI1 is acticated. Activated signal in index 1 activates
the POC1 of the other relay in output matrix. Signal is also visible in
logic and other matrixes.
Communication status is “NoProtocol” when ANSI 85 is not selected
to remote port in protocol configuration –menu, “Disable” when not
activated and “OK” when instance 1 is enabled.
5.14.3 Frequency adaptation
Figure 5.37: Frequency adaptation mode has to be set as “Fixed” when line
differential protection is used
The frequency adaptation mode should be set as fixed when using

the line differential protection stages. Adapted frequency should be
set to same as the frequency of the grid.
NOTE: Frequency protection stages cannot be used while frequency

adaptation mode is set as “Fixed”.
96 V59/en M/A010
5.14.4 Second harmonic blocking
Figure 5.38: Second harmonic blocking can be enabled in the LdI menus
Second harmonic blocking might be needed when there is a

transformer inside the protected line. Transformer can cause great
magnetizing current to the side of incomer. Big through faults outside
the protected zone might cause saturation to the CT and this might
cause false tripping as well. Second harmonic blocking can be used
to avoid this type of false trips.
V59/en M/A010 97
5.14.5 Fifth harmonic blocking
Figure 5.39: Fifth harmonic blocking can be enabled in the LdI> and LdI>> menus.
Sudden load drop might cause overvoltage situation. Overvoltage

causes over-excitation to the transformer. Transformer over-excitation
is another possible cause of differential relay undesired operation.
The use of an additional fifth-harmonic restraint can prevent such
operations. Transformer over-excitation causes about 20 – 50% of
fifth harmonic component to the measured phase currents.
Figure 5.40: Harmonic content of transformer exciting current as a function of the

applied voltage
5th harmonic blocking limit is set to 35% of the fundamental

component as a default. This value can be used in most of the
applications.
98 V59/en M/A010
5 Protection functions 5.15 Programmable stages (99)
5.15 Programmable stages (99)

For special applications the user can built own protection stages by
selecting the supervised signal and the comparison mode.
The following parameters are available:
• Priority
If operate times less than 80 milliseconds are needed select 10
ms. For operate times under one second 20 ms is recommended.
For longer operate times and THD signals 100 ms is
recommended.
• Coupling A
The name of the supervised signal in “>” and “<” modes (see
table below). Also the name of the supervised signal 1 in “Diff”
and “AbsDiff” modes.
• Coupling B
The name of the supervised signal 2 in “Diff” and “AbsDiff”
modes.
• Compare condition
Compare mode. ‘>’ for over or ‘<’ for under comparison, “Diff”
and “AbsDiff” for comparing Coupling A and Coupling B.
• Pick-up
Limit of the stage. The available setting range and the unit
depend on the selected signal.
• Operation delay
Definite time operation delay
• Hysteresis
Dead band (hysteresis)
• No Compare limit for mode <
Only used with compare mode under (‘<’). This is the limit to start
the comparison. Signal values under NoCmp are not regarded
as fault.
Table 5.22: Available signals to be supervised by the programmable stages
IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase currents
IL1REM, IL2REM, IL3REM Remote end phase currents
Io Residual current input
Uo Zero sequence voltage
f Frequency
IoCalc Phasor sum IL1 + IL2 + IL3
I1 Positive sequence current
I2 Negative sequence current
I2/I1 Relative negative sequence current
I2/In Negative sequence current in pu
T Thermal status
V59/en M/A010 99
5.15 Programmable stages (99) 5 Protection functions
IL Average (IL1 + IL2 + IL3) / 3

THDIL1 Total harmonic distortion of IL1
IL1RMS IL1 RMS for average sampling
ILmin, ILmax Minimum and maximum of phase currents
Io1RMS RMS current of input Io
VAI1, VAI2, VAI3, VAI4, VAI5 Virtual analog inputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (GOOSE)
Eight independent stages

The device has eight independent programmable stages. Each
programmable stage can be enabled or disabled to fit the intended
application.
Setting groups
There are four settings groups available. Switching between setting
groups can be controlled by digital inputs, virtual inputs (mimic
display, communication, logic) and manually.
There are four identical stages available with independent setting
parameters.
See Chapter 5.2 General features of protection stages for more
details.
Table 5.23: Parameters of the programmable stages PrgN (99)
Enable for Prg”n" Enaled Activation of the programmable stage Set
Disabled
Priority ms Software task priority of the protected stage Set
Blocked -
Start F
Trip F
- None
DIx Digital input
VIx Virtual input
VOx Virtual output
Fx Function key
100 V59/en M/A010

5 Protection functions 5.15 Programmable stages (99)

Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. This is a Set
common flag for all stages and output relays, too. Automat-
On ically reset by a 5-minute timeout.
Timebase for in- cycletime of the selected protection signal Set
put value
Coupling Selected protection signal Set
Value Current primary value of the selected protection signal Set
Cmp Mode of comparison Set
> Over protection
< Under protection
Diff Difference
AbsDiff Absolut difference
Pickup Pick up value scaled to primary level
Pickup pu Pick up setting in pu Set
t s Definite operate time Set
Hyster % Dead band setting Set
NoCmp pu Minimum value to start under comparison. (Mode='<') Set

stamp, fault value and elapsed delay.
Table 5.24: Recorded values of the programmable stages PrgN (99)
Flt pu Fault value
V59/en M/A010 101

5.16 Arc fault protection (optional) 5 Protection functions
5.16 Arc fault protection (optional)
5.16.1 2S+BIO
Delayed light indication signal
Relay output matrix has a delayed light indication output signal
(Delayed Arc L>) available for building selective arc protection
systems. Any light source combination and a delay can be configured
starting from 0.01 s to 0.15 s. The resulting signal is available in the
output matrix to be connected to BO, output relays etc.
Pick up scaling
The per unit (pu) values for pick up setting are based on the current
transformer values.
ArcI>: 1 pu = 1 x IN = rated phase current CT value
ArcI0>: 1 pu = 1 x I0N = rated residual current CT value for input I0.
Table 5.25: Parameters of arc protection stages ArcI>, ArcI0>
(50ARC/50NARC)
Start Light detected according ArcIN F
Trip Light and overcurrent detected F

LCntr Cumulative light indication counter. S1, S2 or BI. C
SCntr Cumulative light indication counter for the selected in- C
puts according parameter ArcIN
Force Off Force flag for status forcing for test purposes. This is a Set
common flag for all stages and output relays, too.
- Value of the supervised signal
ILmax Stage ArcI>
Io> Stage ArcI0>

ArcI> pu Pick up setting xIN Set
ArcIn Light indication source selection Set
– No sensor selected
S1/S2 Sensor in terminals 1 and 2
S1/BI Sensor 1 and BI in use
S1/S2/BI Sensor 1, 2 and BI in use
Delayed light signal output
Ldly s Delay for delayed light output signal Set
102 V59/en M/A010

5 Protection functions 5.16 Arc fault protection (optional)

LdlyCn Light indication source selection Set
– No sensor selected
S1/S2 Sensor in terminals 1 and 2
S1/S2/BI Sensor 1, 2 and BI in use
For details of setting ranges, see Chapter 12.3.8 Arc fault protection (option)

stamp, fault type, fault value, load current before the fault and elapsed
delay.
Table 5.26: Recorded values of the arc protection stages
Type pu Fault type value. Only for ArcI> stage.
Flt pu Fault value
Load pu Pre fault current. Only for ArcI> stage.
V59/en M/A010 103

5.16.2 3S+BIO
The arc option card is inserted in the upper option card slot in the
back of the device. The card is fastened to the relay with two screws.
The optional arc protection card includes three arc sensor channels
for light detection and fast overcurrent detection for combined phase
currents and Io. The arc sensors are connected to the terminals 6 –
7, 8 9, and 10 – 11.
The arc information can be transmitted and/or received through digital
input and output channels BIO. The output signal is 30 V dc when
active. The input signal has to be 12 – 40 V dc to be activated.
1 Binary output +
2 Binary output GND
3 Binary input +
4 Binary input GND
5 no connection
6-7 Arc sensor 1 (VA 1 DA)
When devices are connected together using binary channel the

ground wires must also be connected.
The option card has two fast arc outputs: the binary output and direct
control of relay T1. The behaviour of the arc protection is determined
by the 3S+BIO output matrix that is described in more detail later in
this chapter.
Binary input
The binary input (BI) on the arc option card can be used to get either
light or current indication from another relay to build selective arc
protection systems. The BI signal can also be routed to BO or T1
from 3S+BIO output matrix. BI is a dry input for signal from binary
outputs of other VAMP relays or dedicated arc protection devices
by VAMP.
Binary output
The binary output (BO) on the arc option card (see Chapter 11.6 Arc
protection card C = Arc (2 x Arc sensor + BIO)) can be used to give
the light indication signal or any other signal or signals to another
relay's binary input to build selective arc protection systems. Selection
of the BO connected signal(s) is done with the 3S+BIO output matrix.
BO is an internally wetted 30 Vdc signal for BI of other VAMP relays
or dedicated arc protection devices by VAMP.
104 V59/en M/A010

5 Protection functions 5.16 Arc fault protection (optional)
Pick up scaling for 3S+BIO arc current

The per unit (pu) values for pick up setting are based on the current
transformer values.
ArcI>: 1 pu = 1xIN = rated phase current CT value
ArcI0>: 1 pu = 1xI0N = rated residual current CT value for input
I0.
The greyed current values indicate the corresponding actual current

values after scaling factors from the “scaling”-menu have been
applied.
3S+BIO output matrix

The functionality of the 3S+BIO option card is controlled mostly by
the card’s dedicated output matrix (Figure 5.41). All the connections
made in this matrix are a lot faster than the device’s normal output
matrix connections and are handled separately from the relay’s other
processes.
Figure 5.41: 3S+BIO output matrix
In the matrix all inputs are on left hand side and can be connected
to outputs on top of each column by placing dots to the matrix. It
should be noted that “Output latch” isn’t a real input. Instead, a dot
in that line indicates that the corresponding output is latched on
activation.
V59/en M/A010 105

Arc events
There are number of events that can be set to trigger on changes in
arc protection signals. For each signal there is separately selectable
on and off event. Those events can be enabled or disabled from the
3S+BIO event matrix shown in Figure 5.42.
Figure 5.42: 3S+BIO event enabling
When triggered the event shows up normally in the device’s event

buffer along with time stamp.
106 V59/en M/A010

5 Protection functions 5.17 Inverse time operation
5.17 Inverse time operation

The inverse time operation - i.e. inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
type of operation - is available for several protection functions. The
common principle, formulae and graphic representations of the
available inverse delay types are described in this chapter.
Inverse delay means that the operate time depends on the measured
real time process values during a fault. For example with an
overcurrent stage using inverse delay a bigger a fault current gives
faster operation. The alternative to inverse delay is definite delay.
With definite delay a preset time is used and the operate time does
not depend on the size of a fault.
Stage specific inverse delay

Some protection functions have their own specific type of inverse
delay. Details of these dedicated inverse delays are described with
the appropriate protection function.
Operation modes
There are three operation modes to use the inverse time
characteristics:
• Standard delays
Using standard delay characteristics by selecting a curve family
(IEC, IEEE, IEEE2, RI) and a delay type (Normal inverse, Very
inverse etc). See Chapter 5.17.1 Standard inverse delays IEC,
IEEE, IEEE2, RI.
• Standard delay formulae with free parameters
selecting a curve family (IEC, IEEE, IEEE2) and defining one's
own parameters for the selected delay formula. This mode is
activated by setting delay type to ‘Parameters’, and then editing
the delay function parameters A – E. See Chapter 5.17.2 Free
parameterization using IEC, IEEE and IEEE2 equations.
• Fully programmable inverse delay characteristics
Building the characteristics by setting 16 [current, time] points.
The relay interpolates the values between given points with 2nd
degree polynomials. This mode is activated by setting curve
family to ‘PrgN’'. There are maximum three different
programmable curves available at the same time. Each
programmed curve can be used by any number of protection
stages. See Chapter 5.17.3 Programmable inverse time curves.
Local panel graph

The device will show a graph of the currently used inverse delay on
the local panel display. Up and down keys can be used for zooming.
Also the delays at 20 x ISET, 4 x ISET and 2 x ISET are shown.
V59/en M/A010 107

5.17 Inverse time operation 5 Protection functions
Inverse time setting error signal

If there are any errors in the inverse delay configuration the
appropriate protection stage will use definite time delay.
There is a signal ‘Setting Error’ available in output matrix, which
indicates three different situations:
1. Settings are currently changed with VAMPSET or local panel,
and there is temporarily an illegal combination of
curve/delay/points. For example if previous settings were IEC/NI
and then curve family is changed to IEEE, the setting error will
active, because there is no NI type available for IEEE curves.
After changing valid delay type for IEEE mode (for example MI),
the ‘Setting Error’ signal will release.
2. There are errors in formula parameters A – E, and the device is
not able to build the delay curve
3. There are errors in the programmable curve configuration and
the device is not able to interpolate values between the given
points.
Limitations
The maximum measured secondary phase current is 50 x IN and the
maximum directly measured earth fault current is 10 x I0N for residual
current input. The full scope of inverse delay curves goes up to 20
times the setting. At high setting the maximum measurement
capability limits the scope of inverse curves according the following
table.
Current input Maximum measured Maximum secondary scaled set-
secondary current ting enabling inverse delay times
up to full 20x setting
IL1, IL2, IL3 and I0Calc 250 A 12.5 A
I0 = 5 A 50 A 2.5 A
I0 = 1 A 10 A 0.5 A
I01 = 0.2 A 2A 0.1 A
I0 = 0.2 A
1. Example of limitation
CT = 750 / 5
CT0= 100 / 1 (cable CT is used for residual current)
The CT0 is connected to a 1 A terminals of input I0.
For overcurrent stage I> the table above gives 12.5 A. Thus the
maximum setting for I> stage giving full inverse delay range is
12.5 A / 5 A = 2.5 xIN = 1875 APrimary.
For earth fault stage I0> the table above gives 0.5 A. Thus the
maximum setting for I0> stage giving full inverse delay range is
0.5 A / 1 A = 0.5 xI0N = 50 APrimary.
108 V59/en M/A010
5.17.1 Standard inverse delays IEC, IEEE, IEEE2, RI

The available standard inverse delays are divided in four categories
IEC, IEEE, IEEE2 and RI called delay curve families. Each category
of family contains a set of different delay types according the following
table.

The inverse time setting error signal will be activated, if the delay
category is changed and the old delay type doesn't exist in the new
category. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation for more details.
Limitations
The minimum definite time delay start latest, when the measured
value is twenty times the setting. However, there are limitations at
high setting values due to the measurement range. Chapter 5.17
Inverse time operation for more details.
Table 5.27: Available standard delay families and the available delay types
within each family.
Delay type Curve family
DT IEC IEEE IEEE2 RI
DT Definite time X
NI Normal inverse X X
VI Very inverse X X X
EI Extremely inverse X X X
LTI Long time inverse X X
LTEI Long time extremely inverse X
LTVI Long time very inverse X
MI Moderately inverse X X
STI Short time inverse X
STEI Short time extremely inverse X
RI Old ASEA type X
RXIDG Old ASEA type X
IEC inverse time operation

The operate time depends on the measured value and other
parameters according Equation 5.4. Actually this equation can only
be used to draw graphs or when the measured value I is constant
during the fault. A modified version is implemented in the relay for
real time usage.
V59/en M/A010 109

t = Operation delay in seconds

Equation 5.4:
k = User’s multiplier
kA I = Measured value
t= B
 I  IPICKUP = User’s pick up setting
  − 1
 I START  A, B = Constants parameters according Table 5.28.
There are three different delay types according IEC 60255-3, Normal
inverse (NI), Extremely inverse (EI), Very inverse (VI) and a VI
extension. Additional there is a de facto standard Long time inverse
(LTI).
Table 5.28: Constants for IEC inverse delay equation
Delay type Parameter
A B
NI Normal inverse 0.14 0.02
EI Extremely inverse 80 2
VI Very inverse 13.5 1
LTI Long time inverse 120 1
Example for Delay type "Normal inverse (NI)":

k = 0.50
I = 4 pu (constant current)
IPICKUP = 2 pu
A = 0.14
B = 0.02
0.50 ⋅ 0.14
t= 0.02
= 5 .0
4
  −1
2
The operate time in this example will be 5 seconds. The same result
can be read from Figure 5.43.
110 V59/en M/A010

Figure 5.43: IEC normal inverse delay. Figure 5.44: IEC extremely inverse delay.
Figure 5.45: IEC very inverse delay. Figure 5.46: IEC long time inverse delay.
V59/en M/A010 111

IEEE/ANSI inverse time operation

There are three different delay types according IEEE Std
C37.112-1996 (MI, VI, EI) and many de facto versions according
Table 5.29. The IEEE standard defines inverse delay for both trip
and release operations. However, in the VAMP relay only the trip
time is inverse according the standard but the release time is
constant.
The operation delay depends on the measured value and other
real time usage.
Equation 5.5:
 
  I = Measured value
 A 
t=k  C
+ B IPICKUP = User’s pick up setting
  I  − 1 
  I START   A,B,C = Constant parameter according Table 5.29.
 
Table 5.29: Constants for IEEE/ANSI inverse delay equation

A B C
LTI Long time inverse 0.086 0.185 0.02
LTVI Long time very inverse 28.55 0.712 2
LTEI Long time extremely inverse 64.07 0.250 2
MI Moderately inverse 0.0515 0.1140 0.02
VI Very inverse 19.61 0.491 2
EI Extremely inverse 28.2 0.1217 2
STI Short time inverse 0.16758 0.11858 0.02
STEI Short time extremely inverse 1.281 0.005 2
112 V59/en M/A010

Example for Delay type "Moderately inverse (MI)":

k = 0.50
I = 4 pu
IPICKUP = 2 pu
A = 0.0515
B = 0.114
C = 0.02
 
 
 0.0515
t = 0.50 ⋅ + 0.1140 = 1.9
  4  0.02 
  −1 
  2  
The operate time in this example will be 1.9 seconds. The same
result can be read from Figure 5.50.
Figure 5.47: ANSI/IEEE long time inverse delay Figure 5.48: ANSI/IEEE long time very inverse delay
V59/en M/A010 113

Figure 5.49: ANSI/IEEE long time extremely inverse Figure 5.50: ANSI/IEEE moderately inverse delay
delay
Figure 5.51: ANSI/IEEE short time inverse delay Figure 5.52: ANSI/IEEE short time extremely inverse
delay
114 V59/en M/A010

IEEE2 inverse time operation

Before the year 1996 and ANSI standard C37.112 microprocessor
relays were using equations approximating the behaviour of various
induction disc type relays. A quite popular approximation is
Equation 5.6, which in VAMP relays is called IEEE2. Another name
could be IAC, because the old General Electric IAC relays have been
modeled using the same equation.
There are four different delay types according Table 5.30. The old
electromechanical induction disc relays have inverse delay for both
trip and release operations. However, in VAMP relays only the trip
time is inverse the release time being constant.
The operation delay depends on the measured value and other
real time usage.
Equation 5.6:
 
 
 B D E 
t = k A + + 2
+ 3
 I 
  − C   I − C   I


− C  
 I  
  START   I START   I START  

I = Measured value
IPICKUP = User’s pick up setting
A, B, C, D = Constant parameter according Table 5.30.
Table 5.30: Constants for IEEE2 inverse delay equation
A B C D E
MI Moderately inverse 0.1735 0.6791 0.8 -0.08 0.1271
NI Normally inverse 0.0274 2.2614 0.3 -0.1899 9.1272
VI Very inverse 0.0615 0.7989 0.34 -0.284 4.0505
EI Extremely inverse 0.0399 0.2294 0.5 3.0094 0.7222
V59/en M/A010 115

Example for Delay type "Moderately inverse (MI)":

k = 0.50
I = 4 pu
IPICKUP = 2 pu
A = 0.1735
B = 0.6791
C = 0.8
D = -0.08
E = 0.127
 
 
 0.6791 − 0.08 0.127 
t = 0.5 ⋅ 0.1735 + + 2
+ 3
= 0.38
 4  4   4  
  − 0. 8   − 0. 8   − 0.8  
 2  2  2  
Figure 5.53: IEEE2 moderately inverse delay Figure 5.54: IEEE2 normal inverse delay
116 V59/en M/A010

Figure 5.55: IEEE2 very inverse delay Figure 5.56: IEEE2 extremely inverse delay
RI and RXIDG type inverse time operation

These two inverse delay types have their origin in old ASEA
(nowadays ABB) earth fault relays.
The operation delay of types RI and RXIDG depends on the
measured value and other parameters according Equation 5.7 and
Equation 5.8. Actually these equations can only be used to draw
graphs or when the measured value I is constant during the fault.
Modified versions are implemented in the relay for real time usage.
Equation 5.7: RI Equation 5.8: RXIDG
k I
t RI = t RXIDG = 5.8 − 1.35 ln
0.236 k I START
0.339 −
 I 
 
 I START 

I = Measured value
IPICKUP = User’s pick up setting
V59/en M/A010 117

Example for Delay type RI

k = 0.50
I = 4 pu
IPICKUP = 2 pu
0.5
t RI = = 2.3
0.236
0.339 −
4
 
2
Example for Delay type RXIDG

k = 0.50
I = 4 pu
IPICKUP = 2 pu
4
t RXIDG = 5.8 − 1.35 ln = 3.9
0.5 ⋅ 2
Figure 5.57: Inverse delay of type RI. Figure 5.58: Inverse delay of type RXIDG.
118 V59/en M/A010

5.17.2 Free parameterization using IEC, IEEE and

IEEE2 equations
This mode is activated by setting delay type to ‘Parameters’, and
then editing the delay function constants, i.e. the parameters A – E.
The idea is to use the standard equations with one’s own constants
instead of the standardized constants as in the previous chapter.
Example for GE-IAC51 delay type inverse:
k = 0.50
I = 4 pu
IPICKUP = 2 pu
A = 0.2078
B = 0.8630
C = 0.8000
D = - 0.4180
E = 0.1947
 
 
 0.8630 − 0.4180 0.1947 
t = 0.5 ⋅ 0.2078 + + 2
+ 3
= 0.37
 4  4   4  
  − 0.8   − 0.8   − 0.8  
 2  2  2  
The operate time in this example will be 0.37 seconds.

The resulting time/current characteristic of this example matches
quite well with the characteristic of the old electromechanical IAC51
induction disc relay.

The inverse time setting error signal will become active, if
interpolation with the given parameters is not possible. See
Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation for more details.
Limitations
high setting values due to the measurement range. See Chapter 5.17
5.17.3 Programmable inverse time curves

Only with VAMPSET, requires rebooting.
V59/en M/A010 119
The [current, time] curve points are programmed using VAMPSET

PC program. There are some rules for defining the curve points:
• configuration must begin from the topmost line
• line order must be as follows: the smallest current (longest
operate time) on the top and the largest current (shortest operate
time) on the bottom
• all unused lines (on the bottom) should be filled with [1.00 0.00s]
Here is an example configuration of curve points:
Point Current I/IPICKUP Operation delay
1 1.00 10.00 s
2 2.00 6.50 s
3 5.00 4.00 s
4 10.00 3.00 s
5 20.00 2.00 s
6 40.00 1.00 s
7 1.00 0.00 s
8 1.00 0.00 s
9 1.00 0.00 s
10 1.00 0.00 s
11 1.00 0.00 s
12 1.00 0.00 s
13 1.00 0.00 s
14 1.00 0.00 s
15 1.00 0.00 s
16 1.00 0.00 s

The inverse time setting error signal will be activated, if interpolation
with the given points fails. See Chapter 5.17 Inverse time operation
for more details.
Limitations
high setting values due to the measurement range. See Chapter 5.17
120 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions
6 Supporting functions
6.1 Event log

Event log is a buffer of event codes and time stamps including date
and time. For example each start-on, start-off, trip-on or trip-off of
any protection stage has a unique event number code. Such a code
and the corresponding time stamp is called an event.
As an example of information included with a typical event a
programmable stage trip event is shown in the following table.
EVENT Description Local panel Communication
protocols
Code: 01E02 Channel 1, event 2 Yes Yes
I> trip on Event text Yes No
2.7 x In Fault value Yes No
2007-01-31 Date Yes Yes
08:35:13.413 Time Yes Yes
Type: 1-N, 2-N, 3-N Fault type Yes No
Events are the major data for a SCADA system. SCADA systems
are reading events using any of the available communication
protocols. Event log can also be scanned using the front panel or
using VAMPSET. With VAMPSET the events can be stored to a file
especially in case the relay is not connected to any SCADA system.
Only the latest event can be read when using communication
protocols or VAMPSET. Every reading increments the internal read
pointer to the event buffer. (In case of communication interruptions,
the latest event can be reread any number of times using another
parameter.) On the local panel scanning the event buffer back and
forth is possible.
Event enabling/masking
In case of an uninteresting event, it can be masked, which prevents
the particular event(s) to be written in the event buffer. As a default
there is room for 200 latest events in the buffer. Event buffer size
can be modified from 50 to 2000.
All events are stored in non-volatile memory.
Indication screen (popup screen) can also be enabled in this same
menu when VAMPSET setting tool is used. The oldest one will be
overwritten, when a new event does occur. The shown resolution of
a time stamp is one millisecond, but the actual resolution depends
of the particular function creating the event. For example most
protection stages create events with 5ms, 10 ms or 20 ms resolution.
The absolute accuracy of all time stamps depends on the time
V59/en M/A010 121

6.1 Event log 6 Supporting functions
synchronizing of the relay. See Chapter 6.6 System clock and

synchronization for system clock synchronizing.
Event buffer overflow

The normal procedure is to poll events from the device all the time.
If this is not done then the event buffer could reach its limits. In such
case the oldest event is deleted and the newest displayed with OVF
code in HMI.
Table 6.1: Setting parameters for events
Parameter Value Description Note
Count Number of events
ClrEn - Clear event buffer Set
Clear
Order Old-New Order of the event buffer for local display Set
New-Old
FVSca Scaling of event fault value Set
PU Per unit scaling
Pri Primary scaling
Display On Indication dispaly is enabled Set
Alarms Off No indication display

FORMAT OF EVENTS ON THE LOCAL DISPLAY
Code: CHENN CH = event channel, NN=event code
Event description Event channel and code in plain text
yyyy-mm-dd Date
(for available date formats, see Chapter 6.6 System clock and synchronization)
hh:mm:ss.nnn Time
122 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.2 Disturbance recorder
6.2 Disturbance recorder

The disturbance recorder can be used to record all the measured
signals, that is, currents, voltage and the status information of digital
inputs (DI) and digital outputs (DO).
The disturbance recorder can be used to record all the measured
signals, that is, currents, and the status information of digital inputs
(DI) and digital outputs (DO).
Triggering the recorder
The recorder can be triggered by any start or trip signal from any
protection stage or by a digital input. The triggering signal is selected
in the output matrix (vertical signal DR). The recording can also be
triggered manually. All recordings are time stamped.
Reading recordings
The recordings can be uploaded, viewed and analysed with the
VAMPSET program. The recording is in COMTRADE format. This
also means that other programs can be used to view and analyse
the recordings made by the relay.
For more details, please see a separate VAMPSET manual.
Number of channels
At the maximum, there can be 12 recordings, and the maximum
selection of channels in one recording 12 (limited in wave form) and
digital inputs reserve one channel (includes all the inputs). Also the
digital outputs reserve one channel (includes all the outputs). If digital
inputs and outputs are recorded, there will be still 10 channels left
for analogue waveforms.
Table 6.2: Disturbance recorder waveform

Available for waveform
Channel Description Voltage measurement mode
1LN 1LL U0
IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase current Yes Yes Yes
Io1, Io2 Measured residual current Yes Yes Yes
U12 Line-to-line voltage - Yes (* -
U23 Line-to-line voltage - - -
U31 Line-to-line voltage - - -
V59/en M/A010 123

6.2 Disturbance recorder 6 Supporting functions
Available for waveform

Channel Description Voltage measurement mode
1LN 1LL U0
UL1 Phase-to-neutral voltage Yes (* - -
UL2 Phase-to-neutral voltage - - -
UL3 Phase-to-neutral voltage - - -
Uo Zero sequence voltage - - Yes
f Frequency - - -
P, Q, S Active, reactive, apparent power - - -
P.F. Power factor - - -
CosFii cosφ - - -
IoCalc Phasor sum Io = (IL1+IL2+IL3)/3 - - -
I1 Positive sequence current - - -
I2 Negative sequence current - - -
I2/I1 Relative current unbalance - - -
I2/Imode Current unbalance [xImode] - - -
U1 Positive sequence voltage - - -
U2 Negative sequence voltage - - -
U2/U1 Relative voltage unbalance - - -
IL Average (IL1 + IL2 + IL3)/3 - - -
Uphase Average (UL1 + UL2 + UL3)/3 - - -
Uline Average (U12 + U23 + U31)/3 - - -
DO Digital outputs Yes Yes Yes
DI Digital inputs Yes Yes Yes
TanFii tanφ - - -
THDIL1 Total harmonic distortion of IL1 - - -
THDUa Total harmonic distortion of Ua - - -
THDUb Total harmonic distortion of Ub - - -
THDUc Total harmonic distortion of Uc - - -
DI_2 Digital inputs 21 – 32 - - -
Prms Active power rms value - - -
Qrms Reactive power rms value - - -
Srms Apparent power rms value - - -
IL1RMS IL1 RMS for average sampling - - -
IL1Rem IL1 Remote current - - -
124 V59/en M/A010

Table 6.3: Disturbance recorder parameters

Mode Behavior in memory full situation: Set
Saturated No more recordings are accepted
Overflow The oldest recorder will be overwritten
SR Sample rate Set
32/cycle Waveform
16/cycle Waveform
8/cycle Waveform
1/10ms One cycle value *)
1/20ms One cycle value **)
1/200ms Average
1/1s Average
1/5s Average
1/10s Average
1/15s Average
1/30s Average
1/1min Average
Time s Recording length Set
PreTrig % Amount of recording data before the trig moment Set
MaxLen s Maximum time setting.
This value depends on sample rate, number and type of the se-
lected channels and the configured recording length.
Status Status of recording
- Not active
Run Waiting a triggering
Trig Recording
FULL Memory is full in saturated mode
ManTrig -, Trig Manual triggering Set
ReadyRec n/m n = Available recordings / m = maximum number of recordings
The value of 'm' depends on sample rate, number and type of

the selected channels and the configured recording length.
V59/en M/A010 125

6.2 Disturbance recorder 6 Supporting functions

AddCh Add one channel. Maximum simultaneous number of channels Set
is 12.
IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase current
Io Measured residual current
U12, U23, U31 Line-to-line voltage
UL1, UL2, UL3 Phase-to-neutral voltage
Uo Zero sequence voltage
f Frequency
CosFii cosφ
IoCalc Phasor sum Io = (IL1+IL2+IL3)/3
I1 Positive sequence current
I2 Negative sequence current
I2/I1 Relative current unbalance
I2/In Current unbalance [x IN]
IL Average (IL1 + IL2 + IL3) / 3
DI, DO Digital inputs, Digital outputs
TanFii tanφ
THDIL1, THDIL2, Total harmonic distortion of IL1, IL2 or IL3
THDIL3
IL1RMS, IL2MRS, IL1, IL2, IL3 RMS for average sampling
IL3RMS
IL1Rem, IL2Rem, Remote currents
IL3Rem
Starts Protection stage start signals
Trips Protection stage trip signals
Delete recorder Delete selected channel
channel
ClrCh -, Clear Remove all channels Set
(Ch) List of selected channels
Set = An editable parameter (password needed).
*) This is the fundamental frequency rms value of one cycle updated every 10 ms.
**) This is the fundamental frequency rms value of one cycle updated every 20 ms.
6.2.1 Running virtual comtrade files

Virtual comtrade files can be run with VAMP relays with the v.10.74
software or a later version. Relay behaviour can be analysed by
playing the recorder data over and over again in the relay memory.
126 V59/en M/A010

Steps of opening the VAMPSET setting tool:

1. Go to “Disturbance record” and select Open… (A).
2. Select the comtrade file from you hard disc or equivalent.
VAMPSET is now ready to read the recording.
3. The virtual measurement has to be enabled (B) in order to send
record data to the relay (C).
4. Sending the file to the device’s memory takes a few seconds.
Initiate playback of the file by pressing the Go! button (D). The
“Change to control mode” button takes you back to the virtual
measurement.
NOTE: The sample rate of the comtrade file has to be 32/cycle (625 micro
seconds when 50 Hz is used). The channel names have to
correspond to the channel names in VAMP relays: IL1, IL2, IL3, I0,
U12, U23, UL1, UL2, UL3 and U0.
V59/en M/A010 127

6.3 Cold load pick-up and inrush current detection 6 Supporting functions
6.3 Cold load pick-up and inrush current

detection
Cold load pick-up
A situation is regarded as cold load when all the three phase currents
have been less than a given idle value and then at least one of the
currents exceeds a given pick-up level within 80 ms. In such case
the cold load detection signal is activatedfor the time set as Maximum
time or until the measured signal returns below the value set as
Pickup current. This signal is available for output matrix and blocking
matrix. Using virtual outputs of the output matrix setting group control
is possible.
Application for cold load detection

Right after closing a circuit breaker a given amount of overload can
be allowed for a given limited time to take care of concurrent
thermostat controlled loads. Cold load pick-up function does this for
example by selecting a more coarse setting group for over-current
stage(s). It is also possible to use the cold load detection signal to
block any set of protection stages for a given time.
Inrush current detection

Inrush current detection is quite similar with the cold load detection
but it does also include a condition for second harmonic relative
content of the currents. When all phase currents have been less than
a given idle value and then at least one of them exceeds a given
pick-up level within 80 ms and the ratio 2nd harmonic ratio to
fundamental frequency, If2/If1, of at least one phase exceeds the
given setting, the inrush detection signal is activated. This signal is
available for output matrix and blocking matrix. Using virtual outputs
of the output matrix setting group control is possible.
By setting the 2nd harmonic pickup parameter for If2/If1 to zero, the
inrush signal will behave equally with the cold load pick-up signal.
Application for inrush current detection

The inrush current of transformers usually exceeds the pick-up setting
of sensitive overcurrent stages and contains a lot of even harmonics.
Right after closing a circuit breaker the pick-up and tripping of
sensitive overcurrent stages can be avoided by selecting a more
coarse setting group for the appropriate over-current stage with
inrush detect signal. It is also possible to use the detection signal to
block any set of protection stages for a given time.
128 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.3 Cold load pick-up and inrush current detection
NOTE: Inrush detection is based on FFT - calculation which recuires full

cycle of data for analyzing the harmonic content. Therefore when
using inrush blocking function the cold load pick up starting conditions
are used for activating the inrush blocking when the current rise is
noticed. If in the signal is found a significant ratio of second harmonic
component after 1st cycle the blocking is continued, otherwise 2nd
harmonic based blocking signal is released. Inrush blocking is
recommended to be used into time delayed overcurrent stages while
non blocked instant overcurrent stage is set to 20 % higher than
expected inrush current. By this scheme fast reaction time in short
circuit faults during the energization can be achieved while time
delayed stages are blocked by inrush function.
1 3 4
Pick-up
Idle
Cold
load
1. No activation because the current has not been under the set
IDLE current.
2. Current dropped under the IDLE current level but now it stays
between the IDLE current and the pick-up current for over 80ms.
3. No activation because the phase two lasted longer than 80ms.
4. Now we have a cold load activation which lasts as long as the
operate time was set or as long as the current stays above the
pick-up setting.
Figure 6.1: Functionality of cold load / inrush current feature.
Table 6.4: Parameters of the cold load & inrush detection function
ColdLd - Status of cold load detection:
Start Cold load situation is active
Trip Timeout
Inrush - Status of inrush detection:
Start Inrush is detected
Trip Timeout
Pickup A Primary scaled pick-up value
Idle A Primary scaled upper limit for idle current
MaxTime s Set
Idle xIMODE Current limit setting for idle situation Set
Pickup xImode Pick-up setting for minimum start current Set
80 ms Maximum transition time for start recognition
V59/en M/A010 129

6.4 Current transformer supervision 6 Supporting functions

Pickupf2 % Pick-up value for relative amount of 2nd harmonic, If2/If1 Set
6.4 Current transformer supervision

The relay supervise the external wiring between the relay terminals
and current transformers (CT) and the CT themselves. Furthermore,
this is a safety function as well, since an open secondary of a CT,
causes dangerous voltages.
The CT supervisor function measures phase currents. If one of the
three phase currents drops below IMIN< setting, while another phase
current is exceeding the IMAX> setting, the function will issue an alarm
after the operation delay has elapsed.
Table 6.5: Setting parameters of CT supervisor CTSV
Imax> 0.0 – 10.0 xIN 2.0 Upper setting for CT supervisor current
scaled to primary value, calculated by relay
Imin< 0.0 – 10.0 xIN 0.2 Lower setting for CT supervisor current
scaled to primary value, calculated by relay
t> 0.02 – 600.0 s 0.10 Operation delay
CT on On; Off - On CT supervisor on event
CT off On; Off - On CT supervisor off event
Table 6.6: Measured and recorded values of CT supervisor CTSV

Measured value ILmax A Maximum of phase currents
ILmin A Minimum of phase currents
Display Imax>, Imin< A Setting values as primary values
Recorded values Date - Date of CT supervision alarm
Time - Time of CT supervision alarm
Imax A Maximum phase current
Imin A Minimum phase current
130 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.5 Circuit breaker condition monitoring
6.5 Circuit breaker condition monitoring

The relay has a condition monitoring function that supervises the
wearing of the circuit-breaker. The condition monitoring can give
alarm for the need of CB maintenance well before the CB condition
is critical.
The CB wear function measures the breaking current of each CB
pole separately and then estimates the wearing of the CB accordingly
the permissible cycle diagram. The breaking current is registered
when the trip relay supervised by the circuit breaker failure protection
(CBFP) is activated. (See Chapter 5.13 Circuit breaker failure
protection CBFP (50BF) for CBFP and the setting parameter
"CBrelay".)
Breaker curve and its approximation

The permissible cycle diagram is usually available in the
documentation of the CB manufacturer (Figure 6.2). The diagram
specifies the permissible number of cycles for every level of the
breaking current. This diagram is parameterised to the condition
monitoring function with maximum eight [current, cycles] points. See
Table 6.7. If less than eight points needed, the unused points are
set to [IBIG, 1], where IBIG is more than the maximum breaking
capacity.
If the CB wearing characteristics or part of it is a straight line on a
log/log graph, the two end points are enough to define that part of
the characteristics. This is because the relay is using logarithmic
interpolation for any current values falling in between the given
current points 2 – 8.
The points 4 – 8 are not needed for the CB in Figure 6.2. Thus they
are set to 100 kA and one operation in the table to be discarded by
the algorithm.
100000
Number of permitted operations
10000
1000
100
50
20
10
100 200 500 1000 10000 100000
Breaked current (A) CBWEARcharacteristics
Figure 6.2: An example of a circuit breaker wearing characteristic graph.
V59/en M/A010 131

6.5 Circuit breaker condition monitoring 6 Supporting functions
Table 6.7: An example of circuit breaker wearing characteristics in a table

format. The values are taken from the figure above. The table is edited with
VAMPSET under menu "BREAKER CURVE".
Point Interrupted current Number of permitted
(kA) operations
1 0 (mechanical age) 10000
2 1.25 (rated current) 10000
3 31.0 (maximum breaking current) 80
4 100 1
5 100 1
6 100 1
7 100 1
8 100 1
Setting alarm points

There are two alarm points available having two setting parameters
each.
• Current
The first alarm can be set for example to nominal current of the
CB or any application typical current. The second alarm can be
set for example according a typical fault current.
• Operations left alarm limit
An alarm is activated when there are less operation left at the
given current level than this limit.
Any actual interrupted current will be logarithmically weighted for the
two given alarm current levels and the number of operations left at
the alarm points is decreased accordingly. When the "operations
left" i.e. the number of remaining operations, goes under the given
alarm limit, an alarm signal is issued to the output matrix. Also an
event is generated depending on the event enabling.
Clearing "operations left" counters

After the breaker curve table is filled and the alarm currents are
defined, the wearing function can be initialised by clearing the
decreasing operation counters with parameter "Clear" (Clear oper.
left cntrs). After clearing the relay will show the maximum allowed
operations for the defined alarm current levels.
Operation counters to monitor the wearing

The operations left can be read from the counters "Al1Ln" (Alarm 1)
and "Al2Ln" (Alarm2). There are three values for both alarms, one
for each phase. The smallest of three is supervised by the two alarm
functions.
132 V59/en M/A010

Logarithmic interpolation
The permitted number of operations for currents in between the
defined points are logarithmically interpolated using equation
Equation 6.1:
a
C=
In
C = permitted operations
I = interrupted current
a = constant according Equation 6.2
n = constant according Equation 6.3
Equation 6.2: Equation 6.3:
Ck a = C k I k2
ln
C k +1
n=
I
ln k +1
Ik
ln = natural logarithm function

Ck, Ck+1 = permitted operations. k = row 2 – 7 in Table 6.7.
Ik, Ik+1 = corresponding current. k = row 2 – 7 in Table 6.7.
Example of the logarithmic interpolation

Alarm 2 current is set to 6 kA. What is the maximum number of
operations according Table 6.7.
The current 6 kA lies between points 2 and 3 in the table. That gives
value for the index k. Using
k=2
Ck = 10000
Ck+1 = 80
Ik+1 = 31 kA
Ik = 1.25 kA
and the Equation 6.2 and Equation 6.3, the relay calculates
V59/en M/A010 133

6.5 Circuit breaker condition monitoring 6 Supporting functions
10000
ln
n= 80 = 1.5038
31000
ln
1250
a = 10000 ⋅ 12501.5038 = 454 ⋅ 10 6
Using Equation 6.1 the relay gets the number of permitted operations
for current 6 kA.
454 ⋅ 10 6
C= = 945
60001.5038
Thus the maximum number of current breaking at 6 kA is 945. This

can be verified with the original breaker curve in Figure 6.2. Indeed,
the figure shows that at 6 kA the operation count is between 900
and 1000. A useful alarm level for operation-left, could be in this
case for example 50 being about five per cent of the maximum.
Example of operation counter decrementing when the CB is

breaking a current
Alarm2 is set to 6 kA. CBFP is supervising trip relay T1 and trip signal
of an overcurrent stage detecting a two phase fault is connected to
this trip relay T1. The interrupted phase currents are 12.5 kA, 12.5
kA and 1.5 kA. How many are Alarm2 counters decremented?
Using Equation 6.1 and values n and a from the previous example,
the relay gets the number of permitted operation at 10 kA.
454 ⋅ 10 6
C10 kA = = 313
125001.5038
At alarm level 2, 6 kA, the corresponding number of operations is

calculated according
Equation 6.4:
C AlarmMax
∆=
C
945
∆ L1 = ∆ L 2 = =3
313
Thus Alarm2 counters for phases L1 and L2 are decremented by 3.

In phase L1 the currents is less than the alarm limit current 6 kA. For
such currents the decrement is one.
ΔL3 = 1
134 V59/en M/A010

Table 6.8: Local panel parameters of CBWEAR function

Parameter Value Unit Description Set
CBWEAR STATUS
- Operations left for
Al1L1 - Alarm 1, phase L1

Latest trip
Date Time stamp of the latest trip operation
time
IL1 A Broken current of phase L1

CBWEAR SET
Alarm1
Current 0.00 – 100.00 kA Alarm1 current level Set
Cycles 100000 – 1 Alarm1 limit for operations left Set
Alarm2
Current 0.00 – 100.00 kA Alarm2 current level Set
Cycles 100000 – 1 Alarm2 limit for operations left Set
CBWEAR SET2
Al1On On ; Off 'Alarm1 on' event enabling Set
Al1Off On ; Off 'Alarm1 off' event enabling Set
Al2On On ; Off 'Alarm2 on' event enabling Set
Al2Off On ; Off 'Alarm2 off' event enabling Set
Clear -; Clear Clearing of cycle counters Set
The breaker curve table is edited with VAMPSET.
V59/en M/A010 135

6.6 System clock and synchronization 6 Supporting functions
6.6 System clock and synchronization

The internal clock of the relay is used to time stamp events and
disturbance recordings.
The system clock should be externally synchronised to get
comparable event time stamps for all the relays in the system.
The synchronizing is based on the difference of the internal time and
the synchronising message or pulse. This deviation is filtered and
the internal time is corrected softly towards a zero deviation.
Time zone offsets

Time zone offset (or bias) can be provided to adjust the local time
for the device. The Offset can be set as a Positive (+) or Negative
(-) value within a range of -15.00 to +15.00 hours and a resolution
of 0.01/h. Basically quarter hour resolution is enough.
Daylight saving time (DST)

The device provides automatic daylight saving adjustments when
configured. A daylight savings time (summer time) adjustment can
be configured separately and in addition to a time zone offset.
Daylight time standards vary widely throughout the world. Traditional

daylight/summer time is configured as one (1) hour positive bias.
The new US/Canada DST standard, adopted in the spring of 2007
is: one (1) hour positive bias, starting at 2:00am on the second
Sunday in March, and ending at 2:00am on the first Sunday in
November. In the European Union, daylight change times are defined
relative to the UTC time of day instead of local time of day (as in
U.S.) European customers, please carefully find out local country
rules for DST.
136 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.6 System clock and synchronization
The daylight saving rules for Finland are the device defaults (24-hour
clock):
- Daylight saving time start: Last Sunday of March at 03.00
- Daylight saving time end: Last Sunday of October at 04.00
To ensure proper hands-free year-around operation, automatic

daylight time adjustments must be configured using the “Enable
DST” and not with the time zone offset option.
Adapting auto adjust

During tens of hours of synchronizing the device will learn its average
deviation and starts to make small corrections by itself. The target
is that when the next synchronizing message is received, the
deviation is already near zero. Parameters "AAIntv" and "AvDrft" will
show the adapted correction time interval of this ±1 ms auto-adjust
function.
Time drift correction without external sync

If any external synchronizing source is not available and the system
clock has a known steady drift, it is possible to roughly correct the
clock deviation by editing the parameters "AAIntv" and "AvDrft". The
following equation can be used if the previous "AAIntv" value has
been zero.
604.8
AAIntv =
DriftInOneWeek
If the auto-adjust interval "AAIntv" has not been zero, but further
trimming is still needed, the following equation can be used to
calculate a new auto-adjust interval.
1
AAIntvNEW =
1 DriftInOneWeek
+
AAIntvPREVIOUS 604.8
The term DriftInOneWeek/604.8 may be replaced with the relative

drift multiplied by 1000, if some other period than one week has been
V59/en M/A010 137

used. For example if the drift has been 37 seconds in 14 days, the
relative drift is 37*1000/(14*24*3600) = 0.0306 ms/s.
Example 1
If there has been no external sync and the relay's clock is leading
sixty-one seconds a week and the parameter AAIntv has been zero,
the parameters are set as
AvDrft = Lead
604.8
AAIntv = = 9. 9 s
61
With these parameter values the system clock corrects itself with –1
ms every 9.9 seconds which equals –61.091 s/week.
Example 2
If there is no external sync and the relay's clock has been lagging
five seconds in nine days and the AAIntv has been 9.9 s, leading,
then the parameters are set as
1
AAIntv NEW = = 10.6
1 5000
−
9.9 9 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 3600
AvDrft = Lead
When the internal time is roughly correct – deviation is less than four
seconds – any synchronizing or auto-adjust will never turn the clock
backwards. Instead, in case the clock is leading, it is softly slowed
down to maintain causality.
Table 6.9: System clock parameters
Date Current date Set
Time Current time Set
Style Date format Set
y-d-m Year-Month-Day
d.m.y Day.Month.Year
m/d/y Month/Day/Year
SyncDI - DI not used for synchronizing ***)
DI1, DI2 Minute pulse input

TZone -15.00 – +15.00 *) UTC time zone for SNTP synchronization. Set
Note: This is a decimal number. For example for state

of Nepal the time zone 5:45 is given as 5.75
DST No; Yes Daylight saving time for SNTP Set
138 V59/en M/A010


SySrc Clock synchronisation source
Internal No sync recognized since 200s
DI Digital input
SNTP Protocol sync
SpaBus Protocol sync
ModBus Protocol sync
ModBus TCP Protocol sync
ProfibusDP Protocol sync
IEC101 Protocol sync
IEC103 Protocol sync
DNP3 Protocol sync
IRIG-B003 IRIG timecode B003 ****)
MsgCnt 0 – 65535, The number of received synchronisation messages or
pulses
0 – etc.
Dev ±32767 ms Latest time deviation between the system clock and
the received synchronization
SyOS ±10000.000 s Synchronisation correction for any constant deviation Set
in the synchronizing source
AAIntv ±1000 s Adapted auto adjust interval for 1 ms correction Set**)
AvDrft Lead; Lag Adapted average clock drift sign Set**)
FilDev ±125 ms Filtered synchronisation deviation
*) A range of -11 h – +12 h would cover the whole Earth but because the International Date Line does not follow the 180°
meridian, a more wide range is needed.
**) If external synchronization is used this parameter will be set automatically.
***) Set the DI delay to its minimum and the polarity such that the leading edge is the synchronizing edge.
****) Relay needs to be equipped with suitable hardware option module to receive IRIG-B clock synchronization signal.
(Chapter 14 Order information).
Synchronisation with DI
Clock can be synchronized by reading minute pulses from digital
inputs, virtual inputs or virtual outputs. Sync source is selected with
SyncDI setting. When rising edge is detected from the selected input,
system clock is adjusted to the nearest minute. Length of digital input
pulse should be at least 50 ms. Delay of the selected digital input
should be set to zero.
V59/en M/A010 139

Synchronisation correction
If the sync source has a known offset delay, it can be compensated
with SyOS setting. This is useful for compensating hardware delays
or transfer delays of communication protocols. A positive value will
compensate a lagging external sync and communication delays. A
negative value will compensate any leading offset of the external
synch source.
Sync source
When the device receives new sync message, the sync source
display is updated. If no new sync messages are received within
next 1.5 minutes, the device will change to internal sync mode.
Sync source: IRIG-B

IRIG standard time formats B003 and B004 are supported with a
dedicated communication option with either a two-pole or two pins
in a D9 rear connector (See Chapter 14 Order information).
IRIG-B input clock signal voltage level is TLL. The input clock signal
originated in the GPS receiver must be taken to multiple relays trough
an IRIG-B distribution module. This module acts as a centralized
unit for a point-to-multiple point connection. Note: Daisy chain
connection of IRIG-B signal inputs in multiple relays must be avoided.
Antenna
GPS-Clock
IRIG-B signal
from clock
IRIG-B
Distribution z
Module
VAMP 321 Arc flash protection system
VAMP 50 VAMP 300 VAMP 200
VAMP relay series with IRIG-B synchronization capability
Recommended wiring: shieled cable of twisted-pair or coaxial type with a maximum length of 10 meters.
The recommended cable must be shielded and either of coaxial or

twisted pair type. Its length should not exceed a maximum of 10
meters.
140 V59/en M/A010

Deviation
The time deviation means how much system clock time differs from
sync source time. Time deviation is calculated after receiving new
sync message. The filtered deviation means how much the system
clock was really adjusted. Filtering takes care of small deviation in
sync messages.
Auto-lag/lead
The device synchronizes to the sync source, meaning it starts
automatically leading or lagging to stay in perfect sync with the
master. The learning process takes few days.
V59/en M/A010 141

6.7 Running hour counter 6 Supporting functions
6.7 Running hour counter

This function calculates the total active time of the selected digital
input, virtual I/O or output matrix output signal. The resolution is ten
seconds.
Table 6.10: Running hour counter parameters
Runh 0 – 876000 h Total active time, hours (Set)
Note: The label text "Runh" can be edited with

VAMPSET.
Runs 0 – 3599 s Total active time, seconds (Set)
Starts 0 – 65535 Activation counter (Set)
Status Stop Current status of the selected digital signal
Run
DI - Select the supervised signal Set
- None
DI1 – DIn, Physical inputs
VI1 – VIn, Virtual inputs
LedA, Output matrix out signal LA
LedB, Output matrix out signal LB
LedC, Output matrix out signal LC
LedD, Output matrix out signal LD
LedE, Output matrix out signal LE
LedF, Output matrix out signal LF
LedG, Output matrix out signal LG
LedDR, Output matrix out signal DR
VO1 – VO6 Virtual outputs

Started at Date and time of the last activation
Stopped at Date and time of the last inactivation
(Set) = An informative value which can be edited as well.
142 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.8 Timers
6.8 Timers
The VAMP protection platform includes four settable timers that can
be used together with the user's programmable logic or to control
setting groups and other applications that require actions based on
calendar time. Each timer has its own settings. The selected on-time
and off-time is set and then the activation of the timer can be set to
be as daily or according the day of week (See the setting parameters
for details). The timer outputs are available for logic functions and
for the block and output matrix.
Figure 6.3: Timer output sequence in different modes.
The user can force any timer, which is in use, on or off. The forcing
is done by writing a new status value. No forcing flag is needed as
in forcing i.e. the output relays.
The forced time is valid until the next forcing or until the next reversing
timed act from the timer itself.
The status of each timer is stored in non-volatile memory when the
auxiliary power is switched off. At start up, the status of each timer
is recovered.
V59/en M/A010 143

6.8 Timers 6 Supporting functions
Table 6.11: Setting parameters of timers

Parameter Value Description
TimerN - Timer status
- Not in use
0 Output is inactive
1 Output is active
On hh:mm:ss Activation time of the timer
Off hh:mm:ss De-activation time of the timer
Mode For each four timers there are 12 different modes available:
- The timer is off and not running. The output is off i.e. 0 all the time.
Daily The timer switches on and off once every day.
Monday The timer switches on and off every Monday.
Tuesday The timer switches on and off every Tuesday.
Wednesday The timer switches on and off every Wednesday.
Thursday The timer switches on and off every Thursday.
Friday The timer switches on and off every Friday.
Saturday The timer switches on and off every Saturday.
Sunday The timer switches on and off every Sunday.
MTWTF The timer switches on and off every day except Saturdays and Sundays
MTWTFS The timer switches on and off every day except Sundays.
SatSun The timer switches on and off every Saturday and Sunday.
144 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.9 Combined overcurrent status
6.9 Combined overcurrent status

This function is collecting faults, fault types and registered fault
currents of all enabled overcurrent stages.
Combined over current status can be used as an indication of faults.
Combined o/c indicates the amplitude of the last occurred fault. Also
a separate indication of the fault type is informed during the start
and the trip. Active phases during the start and the trip are also
activated in the output matrix. After the fault is switched off the active
signals will release after the set delay “clearing delay“ has passed.
The combined o/c status referres to the following over current stages:
I>, I>>, I>>>.
Table 6.12: Line fault parameters
IFltLas xIMODE Current of the latest overcurrent fault (Set)
LINE ALARM
AlrL1 - Start (=alarm) status for each phase.
AlrL2 0 0 = No start since alarm ClrDly
AlrL3 1 1 = Start is on
OCs - Combined overcurrent start status.
0 AlrL1 = AlrL2 = AlrL3 = 0
1 AlrL1 = 1 or AlrL2 = 1 or AlrL3 = 1

LxAlarm - 'On' Event enabling for AlrL1 – 3 Set
On / Off Events are enabled / Events are disabled

LxAlarmOff - 'Off' Event enabling for AlrL1...3 Set

OCAlarm - 'On' Event enabling for combined o/c starts Set

OCAlarmOff - 'Off' Event enabling for combined o/c starts Set

IncFltEvnt - Disabling several start and trip events of the same fault Set
On Several events are enabled *)
Off Several events of an increasing fault is disabled **)

ClrDly 0 – 65535 s Duration for active alarm status AlrL1, Alr2, AlrL3 and OCs Set
LINE FAULT
FltL1 - Fault (=trip) status for each phase.
FltL2 0 0 = No fault since fault ClrDly
FltL3 1 1 = Fault is on
OCt - Combined overcurrent trip status.
0 FltL1 = FltL2 = FltL3 = 0
1 FltL1 = 1 or FltL2 = 1 or FltL3 = 1
V59/en M/A010 145

6.9 Combined overcurrent status 6 Supporting functions

LxTrip - 'On' Event enabling for FltL1 – 3 Set

LxTripOff - 'Off' Event enabling for FltL1...3 Set

OCTrip - 'On' Event enabling for combined o/c trips Set

OCTripOff - 'Off' Event enabling for combined o/c starts Set

IncFltEvnt - Disabling several events of the same fault Set
On Several events are enabled *)
Off Several events of an increasing fault is disabled **)

ClrDly 0 – 65535 s Duration for active alarm status FltL1, Flt2, FltL3 and OCt Set
*) Used with IEC 60870-105-103 communication protocol. The alarm screen will show the latest if it's the biggest registered
fault current, too. Not used with Spabus, because Spabus masters usually don't like to have unpaired On/Off events.
**) Used with SPA-bus protocol, because most SPA-bus masters do need an off-event for each corresponding on-event.
Figure 6.4: Combined o/c status.
The fault that can be seen in the Figure 6.4 was 3 times to nominal
and it started as an one phase fault L1-E. At the moment when one
of the protection stages tripped the fault was already increased in to
a two phase short circuit L1-L2. All signals those are stated as “1”
are also activated in the output matrix. After the fault disappears the
activated signals will release.
Combined over current status can be found from VAMPSET menu
“protection stage status 2”.
146 V59/en M/A010

6 Supporting functions 6.10 Self-supervision
6.10 Self-supervision
The functions of the microcontroller and the associated circuitry, as
well as the program execution are supervised by means of a separate
watchdog circuit. Besides supervising the relay, the watchdog circuit
attempts to restart the micro controller in an inoperable situation. If
the micro controller does not resart, the watchdog issues a
self-supervision signal indicating a permanent internal condition.
When the watchdog circuit detects a permanent fault, it always blocks
any control of other output relays (except for the self-supervision
output relay). In addition, the internal supply voltages are supervised.
Should the auxiliary supply of the device disappear, an indication is
automatically given because the device status inoperative (SF) output
relay functions on a working current principle. This means that the
SF relay is energized when the auxiliary supply is on and the arc
flash protection is healthy.
6.10.1 Diagnostics
The device runs self-diagnostic tests for hardware and software in
boot sequence and also performs runtime checking.
Permanent inoperative state
If permanent inoperative state has been detected, the device releases
SF relay contact and status LED is set on. Local panel will also
display a detected fault message. Permanet inoperative state is
entered when the device is not able to handle main functions.
Temporal inoperative state
When self-diagnostic function detects a temporal inoperative state,
Selfdiag matrix signal is set and an event (E56) is generated. In case
the inoperative state was only temporary, an off event is generated
(E57). Self diagnostic state can be reset via local HMI.
Diagnostic registers
There are four 16-bit diagnostic registers which are readable through
remote protocols. The following table shows the meaning of each
diagnostic register and their bits.
V59/en M/A010 147

6.10 Self-supervision 6 Supporting functions
Register Bit Code Description

SelfDiag1 0 (LSB) T1 Potential output relay problem
1 T2
2 T3
3 T4
4 A1
SelfDiag3 0 (LSB) DAC Potential mA-output problem

1 STACK Potential stack problem
2 MemChk Potential memory problem
3 BGTask Potential background task timeout
4 DI Potential input problem (Remove DI1, DI2)
5
6 Arc Potential arc card problem
7 SecPulse Potential hardware problem
8 RangeChk DB: Setting outside range
9 CPULoad Overload
10 +24V Potential internal voltage problem
11 -15V
12 ITemp Internal temperature too high
13 ADChk1 Potential A/D converter problem
14 ADChk2 Potential A/D converter problem
15 (MSB) E2prom Potential E2prom problem
SelfDiag4 1 ComBuff Potential BUS: buffer problem

2 OrderCode Potential order code problem
The code is displayed in self diagnostic events and on the diagnostic

menu on local panel and VAMPSET.
148 V59/en M/A010

7 Measurement functions
7 Measurement functions
All the direct measurements are based on fundamental frequency
values. Most protection functions are also based on the fundamental
frequency values.
The figure shows a current waveform and the corresponding
fundamental frequency component f1, second harmonic f2 and rms
value in a special case, when the current deviates significantly from
a pure sine wave.
Current (PU)
Load = 0%
100
rms f2/f1 (%)

5 f1 50
Relative 2nd harmoic f2/f1 (%)

f2
0 0
-5
IL2
-10
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

Time (s)
Figure 7.1: Example of various current values of a transformer inrush current
7.1 Measurement accuracy

Table 7.1: Phase current inputs IL1, IL2, IL3
Measuring range 0.025 – 250 A
Inaccuracy: -
I ≤ 7.5 A ±0.5 % of value or ±15 mA
I > 7.5 A ±3 % of value

The specified frequency range is 45 Hz – 65 Hz.
Squelch limit:
Phase current inputs: 0.1% of INOM (tolerance +/- 0.05%)
Residual current: 0.2% of I0NOM (tolerance +/- 0.05%)
V59/en M/A010 149

7.2 RMS values 7 Measurement functions
Table 7.2: Residual current input I0N

Measuring range 0.003 – 10 x I0N
Inaccuracy: -
I ≤ 1.5 xIN ±0.3 % of value or ±0.2 % of I0N
I > 1.5 xIN ±3 % of value

The rated input I0N is 5A, 1 A or 0.2 A. It is specified in the order code of the relay.
Table 7.3: THD and harmonics

Inaccuracy I, U > 0.1 PU ±2 % units
Update rate Once a second
7.2 RMS values

RMS currents
The device calculates the RMS value of each phase current. The
minimum and the maximum of RMS values are recorded and stored
(see Chapter 7.5 Minimum and maximum values).
2 2 2
I RMS = I f 1 + I f 2 + ... + I f 15
7.3 Harmonics and Total Harmonic

Distortion (THD)
The device calculates the THDs as a percentage of the currents and
voltages values measured at the fundamental frequency. The device
calculates the harmonics from the 2nd to the 15th of phase currents
and voltages. (The 17th harmonic component will also be shown
partly in the value of the 15th harmonic component. This is due to
the nature of digital sampling.)
The harmonic distortion is calculated
15
2 h1 = Fundamental value
∑f i
THD = i =2 h2 – 15 = Harmonics
h1
Example
h1 = 100 A, h3 = 10 A, h7 = 3 A, h11 = 8 A
10 2 + 3 2 + 8 2
THD = = 13.2%
100
150 V59/en M/A010

7 Measurement functions 7.4 Demand values
For reference the RMS value is
RMS = 100 2 + 10 2 + 3 2 + 8 2 = 100.9 A
Another way to calculate THD is to use the RMS value as reference

instead of the fundamental frequency value. In the example above
the result would then be 13.0 %.
7.4 Demand values

The relay calculates average i.e. demand values of phase currents
IL1, IL2, IL3 and remote currents IL1Remote, IL2Remote, IL3Remote.
The demand time is configurable from 10 minutes to 30 minutes with
parameter "Demand time".
Table 7.4: Demand value parameters
Time 10 – 30 min Demand time (averaging time) Set
Fundamental frequency values
IL1da A Demand of phase current IL1
IL1daRem A Demand of remote phase current IL1
7.5 Minimum and maximum values

Minimum and maximum values are registered with time stamps since
the latest manual clearing or since the device has been restarted.
The available registered min & max values are listed in the following
table.
Min & Max measurement Description
IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase current (fundamental frequency value)
IL1RMS, IL2RMS, IL3RMS Phase current, rms value
I0 Residual current
IL1Rem, IL2Rem, IL3Rem Demand values of remote phase currents
The clearing parameter "ClrMax" is common for all these values.
V59/en M/A010 151

7.6 Maximum values of the last 31 days and 12 months 7 Measurement functions
Table 7.5: Parameters

Parameter Value Description Set
ClrMax - Reset all minimum and maximum values Set
Clear
7.6 Maximum values of the last 31 days and

12 months
Maximum and minimum values of the last 31 days and the last twelve
months are stored in the non-volatile memory of the relay.
Corresponding time stamps are stored for the last 31 days. The
registered values are listed in the following table.
Measurement Max Min Description 31 days 12 months
IL1, IL2, IL3 X Phase current (fundamental frequency value)
Io X Residual current
IL1Rem, x Remote current
IL2Rem, IL3Rem
The value can be a one cycle value or an average based on the

"Timebase" parameter.
Table 7.6: Parameters of the day and month registers
Parameter Value Description Set
Timebase Parameter to select the type of the registered values Set
20 ms Collect min & max of one cycle values *
200 ms Collect min & max of 200 ms average values
1s Collect min & max of 1 s average values
1 min Collect min & max of 1 minute average values
demand Collect min & max of demand values (Chapter 7.4 Demand values)
ResetDays Reset the 31 day registers Set
ResetMon Reset the 12 month registers Set
* This is the fundamental frequency rms value of one cycle updated every 20 ms.
152 V59/en M/A010

7 Measurement functions 7.7 Voltage measurement modes
7.7 Voltage measurement modes

The relay can be connected to zero-sequence voltage. The
configuration parameter "Voltage measurement mode" must be set
to "U0".
L1 L2 L3
10
U0
"U0" The device is connected to zero sequence voltage.
11 Directional ground fault protection is available.
(see Figure 7.2 and Figure 11.8).
Figure 7.2: Broken delta connection “U0”.
7.8 Symmetric components

In a three phase system, the voltage or current phasors may be
divided in symmetric components according C. L. Fortescue (1918).
The symmetric components are:
• Positive sequence 1
• Negative sequence 2
• Zero sequence 0
Symmetric components are calculated according the following
equations:
S 0  1 1 1  U 
 S  = 1 1 a a   V 
2
 1 3
 S 2  1 a 2 a  W 
S0 = zero sequence component

S1 = positive sequence component
S2 = negative sequence component
1 3
a = 1∠120° = − + j
2 2 , a phasor rotating constant
U = phasor of phase L1 (phase current)

V = phasor of phase L2
W = phasor of phase L3
V59/en M/A010 153
7.9 Primary secondary and per unit scaling 7 Measurement functions
7.9 Primary secondary and per unit scaling

Many measurement values are shown as primary values although
the relay is connected to secondary signals. Some measurement
values are shown as relative values - per unit or per cent. Almost all
pick-up setting values are using relative scaling.
The scaling is done using the given CT in feeder mode. The following
scaling equations are useful when doing secondary testing.
7.9.1 Current scaling

NOTE: The rated value of the device's current input, for example 5 A or 1A,
does not have any effect in the scaling equations, but it defines the
measurement range and the maximum allowed continuous current.
See Table 12.1 for details.
Primary and secondary scaling

Current scaling
CTPRI
secondary → primary I PRI = I SEC ⋅
CTSEC
CTSEC
primary → secondary I SEC = I PRI ⋅
CTPRI
For residual current to input I0 use the corresponding CTPRI and

CTSEC values. For ground fault stages using I0Calc signals use the
phase current CT values for CTPRI and CTSEC.
Examples:
1. Secondary to primary
CT = 500 / 5
Current to the relay's input is 4 A.
=> Primary current is IPRI = 4 x 500 / 5 = 400 A
2. Primary to secondary
CT = 500 / 5
The relay displays IPRI = 400 A
=> Injected current is ISEC = 400 x 5 / 500 = 4 A
154 V59/en M/A010

7 Measurement functions 7.9 Primary secondary and per unit scaling
Per unit [pu] scaling

For phase currents
1 pu = 1 x IMODE = 100 %, where
IMODE is the nominal value of the feeder.
For residual currents
1 pu = 1 x CTSEC for secondary side and 1 pu = 1 x CTPRI for primary
side.
Phase current scaling Residual current (3I0) scaling
I SEC ⋅ CTPRI I SEC

secondary → per unit I PU = I PU =
CTSEC ⋅ I N CTSEC
IN
per unit → secondary I SEC = I PU ⋅ CTSEC ⋅ I SEC = I PU ⋅ CTSEC
CTPRI
Examples:
1. Secondary to per unit for phase currents excluding ArcI>
CT = 750/5
IMODE = 525 A
Current injected to the relay's inputs is 7 A.
Per unit current is IPU = 7 x 750 / (5 x 525) = 2.00 pu = 2.00 x
IMODE = 200 %
2. Per unit to secondary for phase currents excluding ArcI>
CT = 750 / 5
IMODE = 525 A
The relay setting is 2 x IMODE = 2 pu = 200 %.
Secondary current is ISEC = 2 x 5 x 525 / 750 = 7 A
3. Secondary to per unit for residual current
Input is I0.
CT0 = 50 / 1
Current injected to the relay's input is 30 mA.
Per unit current is IPU = 0.03 / 1 = 0.03 pu = 3 %
V59/en M/A010 155

7.9 Primary secondary and per unit scaling 7 Measurement functions
4. Per unit to secondary for residual current

Input is I0.
CT0 = 50 / 1
The relay setting is 0.03 pu = 3 %.
Secondary current is ISEC = 0.03 x 1 = 30 mA
5. Secondary to per unit for residual current
Input is I0Calc.
CT = 750 / 5
Currents injected to the relay's IL1 input is 0.5 A.
IL2 = IL3 = 0.
Per unit current is IPU = 0.5 / 5 = 0.1 pu = 10 %
6. Per unit to secondary for residual current
Input is I0Calc.
CT = 750 / 5
The relay setting is 0.1 pu = 10 %.
If IL2 = IL3 = 0, then secondary current to IL1 is
ISEC = 0.1 x 5 = 0.5 A
7.9.2 Voltage scaling

Per unit [pu] scaling of zero sequence voltage
Zero-sequence voltage (U0) scaling
Voltage measurement mode = "U0"
U SEC
secondary ->per unit U PU =
U 0 SEC
per unit -> secondary U SEC = U PU ⋅ U 0 SEC
Examples:
1. Secondary to per unit. Voltage measurement mode is "U0".
U0SEC = 110 V (This is a configuration value corresponding to
U0 at full ground fault.)
Voltage connected to the device's input UC is 22 V.
Per unit voltage is UPU = 22 / 110 = 0.20 pu = 20 %
156 V59/en M/A010

7 Measurement functions 7.10 Analogue output (option)
7.10 Analogue output (option)

A device with the mA option has one configurable analogue output.
The resolution of the analogue output is 10 bits resulting current
steps less than 25 μA. The output current range is configurable
allowing e.g. the following ranges: 0 – 20 mA and 4 – 20 mA. More
exotic ranges like 0 – 5 mA or 10 – 2 mA can be configured freely
as long as the boundary values are within 0 – 20 mA.
Available couplings to the analog output:

• IL1, IL2, IL3
• f
• IL
• Io, IoCalc
• Uo
7.10.1 mA scaling example

Example of configuration of scaling the transducer (mA) output.
Example of mA scaling for IL

Coupling = IL
Scaled minimum = 0 A
Scaled maximum = 300 mA
Analogue output minimum value = 0 mA
Analogue output maximum value = 20 mA
Analogue mAScaling_1
output (mA)
20
16
12
4
IL
300 (A)
Figure 7.3: The average of the three phase currents. At 0 A the transducer ouput
is 0 mA, at 300 A the output is 20 mA
V59/en M/A010 157

8 Control functions
8 Control functions
8.1 Output relays

The output relays are also called digital outputs. Any internal signal
can be connected to the output relays using output matrix. An output
relay can be configured as latched or non-latched. See Chapter 8.5
Output matrix for more details.
The difference between trip contacts and signal contacts is the DC
breaking capacity. See Table 12.4 and Table 12.5 for details. The
contacts are SPST normal open type (NO), except signal relay A1
which has change over contact (SPDT).
Table 8.1: Parameters of output relays
T1 – T4 0 Status of trip output relay F
1
A1 0 Status of alarm output relay F
1
SF 0 Status of the SF relay F
1 In VAMPSET, it is called as "Service status output"

Force On Force flag for output relay forcing for test purposes. This is Set
a common flag for all output relays and detection stage
Off status, too. Any forced relay(s) and this flag are automatically
reset by a 5-minute timeout.
REMOTE PULSES
A1, T3, T4 0.00 – 99.98 s Pulse length for direct output relay control via communica- Set
tions protocols.
or
99.99 s = Infinite. Release by writing "0" to the direct control
99.99 parameter
NAMES for OUTPUT RELAYS (editable with VAMPSET only)
Description String of max. 32 Names for DO on VAMPSET screens. Default is Set
characters
"Trip relay n", n=1 – 4 or
"Signal relay n", n=1
F = Editable when force flag is on. Set = An editable parameter (password needed).
158 V59/en M/A010

8 Control functions 8.2 Digital inputs
8.2 Digital inputs

There are two (2) digital inputs available for control purposes.
The polarity – normal open (NO) / normal closed (NC) – and a delay
can be configured according the application. The signals are available
for the output matrix, block matrix, user's programmable logic etc.
Selection in order code Threshold voltage
1 24 V dc / 110 V ac
2 110 V dc / 220 V ac
3 220 V dc
The digital inputs need an external control voltage (ac or dc). The
voltage nominal activation level can be selected in Chapter 14 Order
information.
When 110 or 220 V ac voltage is used to activate the digital Inputs,
the AC mode should be selected as shown in Figure 8.1
Figure 8.1: AC mode selection in VAMPSET
These inputs are ideal for transferring the status information of

switching devices into the device.
Please note that it is possible to use two different control voltages
for the inputs.
Label and description texts can be edited with VAMPSET according
the application. Labels are the short parameter names used on the
local panel and descriptions are the longer names used by
VAMPSET.
V59/en M/A010 159

8.2 Digital inputs 8 Control functions
Table 8.2: Parameters of digital inputs

DI1, DI2 0; 1 Status of digital input
DI COUNTERS
DI1, DI2 0 – 65535 Cumulative active edge counter (Set)
DELAYS FOR DIGITAL INPUTS
DI1, DI2 0.00 – 60.00 s Definite delay for both on and off transitions Set
CONFIGURATION DI1 – DI6
Inverted no For normal open contacts (NO). Active edge is Set
0 -> 1
yes For normal closed contacts (NC). Active edge
is 1 -> 0
Indication display no No pop-up display Set
yes Indication display is activated at active DI edge
On event On Active edge event enabled Set
Off Active edge event disabled
Off event On Inactive edge event enabled Set
Off Inactive edge event disabled
NAMES for DIGITAL INPUTS (editable with VAMPSET only)
Label String of max. 10 characters Short name for DIs on the local display. Default Set
is "DIn", n = 1 – 2
Description String of max. 32 characters Long name for DIs. Default is "Digital input n", Set
n=1–2
160 V59/en M/A010

8 Control functions 8.3 Virtual inputs and outputs
8.3 Virtual inputs and outputs

There are virtual inputs and virtual outputs, which can in many places
be used like their hardware equivalents, execpt that they are only
located in the memory of the device. The virtual inputs acts like
normal digital inputs. The state of the virtual input can be changed
from display, communication bus and from VAMPSET. For example
setting groups can be changed using virtual inputs.
Table 8.3: Parameters of virtual inputs
VI1 – VI4 0; 1 Status of virtual input
Events On; Off Event enabling Set
NAMES for VIRTUAL INPUTS (editable with VAMPSET only)
Label String of max. 10 characters Short name for VIs on the local display Set
Default is "VIn", n = 1 – 4
Description String of max. 32 characters Long name for VIs. Default is "Virtual input n", Set
n=1–4
The six virtual outputs do act like output relays, but there are no
physical contacts. Virtual outputs are shown in the output matrix and
the block matrix. Virtual outputs can be used with the user's
programmable logic and to change the active setting group etc.
8.4 Function keys / F1 & F2

There are two independent function keys, F1 and F2, available in
the device front panel. As default, these keys are programmed to
toggle VI1 and VI2. It is possible to change F1 & F2 to toggle other
VIs or to act as object control.
8.5 Output matrix

By means of the output matrix, the output signals of the various
protection stages, digital inputs, logic outputs and other internal
signals can be connected to the output relays, virtual outputs, etc.
There are eight general purpose LED indicators – "A", "B", "C", "D",
"E", "F", "G" and "H" – available for customer-specific indications on
the front panel.
Furthermore there are two LED indicators specified for keys F1 and
F2. In addition, the triggering of the disturbance recorder (DR) and
virtual outputs are configurable in the output matrix.
See an example in Figure 8.2.
V59/en M/A010 161

8.5 Output matrix 8 Control functions
Figure 8.2: Output matrix
An output relay or indicator LED can be configured as latched or

non-latched. A non-latched relay follows the controlling signal. A
latched relay remains activated although the controlling signal
releases.
“Auto LED release” function is designed to indicate only the latest
event. When Auto LED release is enabled “old” latched LED’s will
release latch when new event occurs. This way only the latest event
LED’s are active. “ Auto LED release enable time” sets the time delay
after the event deactivation latched LED is interpret as “old”. See an
example in Figure 8.3.
Figure 8.3: Local panel configuration menu
Figure 8.4: Release output matrix latches
There is a common "release all latches" signal to release all the

latched relays. This release signal resets all the latched output relays
and indicators with CPU and FPGA control. The reset signal can be
given via a digital input, via HMI or through communication. The
selection of the input is done with the VAMPSET software under the
menu "Release output matrix latches". See an example in Figure 8.4.
NOTE: "Release all latches" signal clears and resets FPGA controlled
latches.
162 V59/en M/A010

8 Control functions 8.6 Blocking matrix
8.6 Blocking matrix

By means of a blocking matrix, the operation of any protection stage
can be blocked. The blocking signal can originate from the digital
inputs DI1 to DI2, or it can be a start or trip signal from a protection
stage or an output signal from the user's programmable logic. In the
block matrix Figure 8.5 an active blocking is indicated with a black
dot (●) in the crossing point of a blocking signal and the signal to be
blocked.
Figure 8.5: Blocking matrix and output matrix
NOTICE
RISK OF NUISANCE TRIPPING
• The blocking matrix is dynamically controlled by selecting
and deselecting protection stages.
• Activate the protection stages first, then store the settings in
a relay. After that, refresh the blocking matrix before
configuring it.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in unwanted
shutdown of the electrical installation.
V59/en M/A010 163

8.7 Controllable objects 8 Control functions
8.7 Controllable objects

The object block matrix and logic functions can be used to configure
interlocking for a safe controlling before the output pulse is issued.
The objects 1 – 6 are controllable while the objects 7 – 8 are only
able to show the status.
Controlling is possible by the following ways:
• through the local HMI
• through a remote communication
• through a digital input
• through the function key
The connection of an object to specific output relays is done via an
output matrix (object 1 – 6 open output, object 1 – 6 close output).
There is also an output signal “Object failed”, which is activated if
the control of an object is not completed.
Object states
Each object has the following states:
Setting Value Description
Object state Undefined (00) Actual state of the object
Open
Close
Undefined (11)
Basic settings for controllable objects

Each controllable object has the following settings:
DI for ‘obj open’ None, any digital input, virtual input Open information
or virtual output
DI for ‘obj close’ Close information
DI for ‘obj ready’ Ready information
Max ctrl pulse 0.02 – 600 s Pulse length for open and close
length commands
Completion 0.02 – 600 s Timeout of ready indication
timeout
Object control Open/Close Direct object control
If changing states takes longer than the time defined by “Max ctrl
pulse length” setting, object is inoperative and “Object failure” matrix
signal is set. Also undefined-event is generated. “Completion timeout”
is only used for the ready indication. If “DI for ‘obj ready’” is not set,
completion timeout has no meaning.
164 V59/en M/A010

8 Control functions 8.7 Controllable objects
Each controllable object has 2 control signals in matrix:

Output signal Description
Object x Open Open control signal for the object
Object x Close Close control signal for the object
These signals send control pulse when an object is controlled by

digital input, remote bus, auto-reclose etc.
Settings for read-only objects
DI for ‘obj open’ None, any digital input, virtual input Open information
or virtual output
DI for ‘obj close’ Close information
Object timeout 0.02 – 600 s Timeout for state changes
If changing states takes longer than the time defined by “Object

timeout” setting, and “Object failure” matrix signal is set. Also
undefined-event is generated.
8.7.1 Controlling with DI

Objects can be controlled with digital input, virtual input or virtual
output. There are four settings for each controllable object:
Setting Active
DI for remote open / close control In remote state
DI for local open / close control In local state
If the device is in local control state, the remote control inputs are
ignored and vice versa. Object is controlled when a rising edge is
detected from the selected input. Length of digital input pulse should
be at least 60 ms.
8.7.2 Local/Remote selection

In Local mode, the output relays can be controlled via a local HMI,
but they cannot be controlled via a remote serial communication
interface.
In Remote mode, the output relays cannot be controlled via a local
HMI, but they can be controlled via a remote serial communication
interface.
The selection of the Local/Remote mode is done by using a local
HMI, or via one selectable digital input. The digital input is normally
used to change a whole station to a local or remote mode. The
selection of the L/R digital input is done in the “Objects” menu of the
VAMPSET software.
NOTE: A password is not required for a remote control operation.

V59/en M/A010 165
8.7 Controllable objects 8 Control functions
8.7.3 Controlling with F1 & F2

Objects can be controlled with F1 & F2.
As default these keys are programmed to toggle F1 and F2. It is
possible to configure F1 & F2 to toggle VI1 – VI4 or act as object
control. Selection of the F1 and F2 function is made with the
VAMPSET software under the FUNCTION BUTTONS menu.
Table 8.4: Parameters of F1, F2
F1 – F2
0 Function key toggles Virtual input 1 – 4 and Function button
VI1 – VI4 1 – 2 between on (1) and off (0)
Set
ObjCtrl When Object conrol in chosen F1 and F2 can be linked in
1 OBJECTS to desired objects close/open command.
PrgFncs
Selected object and control is shown in VAMPSET software under

the menu ”FUNCTION BUTTONS”. If no object with local control is
selected ’-’ is shown. If multiple local controls are selected for one
key ’?’ is shown.
166 V59/en M/A010

8 Control functions 8.8 Auto-reclose function (79)
8.8 Auto-reclose function (79)

The VAMP protection relays include a sophisticated Auto-reclosing
(AR) function. The AR function is normally used in feeder protection
relays that are protecting an overhead line. Most of the overhead
line faults are temporary in nature. Even 85% can be cleared by
using the AR function.
General
The basic idea is that normal protection functions will detect the fault.
Then the protection function will trigger the AR function. After tripping
the circuit-breaker (CB), the AR function can reclose the CB.
Normally, the first reclose (or shot) is so short in time that consumers
cannot notice anything. However, the fault is cleared and the feeder
will continue in normal service.
Terminology
Even though the basic principle of AR is very simple; there are a lot
of different timers and parameters that have to be set.
In VAMP relays, there are five shots. A shot consists of open time
(so called “dead” time) and close time (so called “burning” time or
discrimination time). A high-speed shot means that the dead time is
less than 1 s. The time-delayed shot means longer dead times up
to 2-3 minutes.
There are four AR lines. A line means an initialization signal for AR.
Normally, start or trip signals of protection functions are used to
initiate an AR-sequence. Each AR line has a priority. AR1 has the
highest and AR4 has the lowest one. This means that if two lines
are initiated at the same time, AR will follow only the highest priority
line. A very typical configuration of the lines is that the instantaneous
overcurrent stage will initiate the AR1 line, time-delayed overcurrent
stage the AR2 line and earth-fault protection will use lines AR3 and
AR4.
For more information about auto-reclosing, please refer to our
application note “Auto-reclosing function in VAMP protection relays”.
The auto-reclose (AR) matrix in the following Figure 8.6 describes
the start and trip signals forwarded to the auto-reclose function.
V59/en M/A010 167

8.8 Auto-reclose function (79) 8 Control functions
AR-matrix Ready Enable Start delay Dead time Discrimination

time
.
.
I>>s
I>t
I>s
AR-request)
Critical
AR1 On
AR2 On
Off
On
discrim
e,
e,
Figure 8.6: Auto-reclose matrix
The AR matrix above defines which signals (the start and trip signals
from protection stages or digital input) are forwarded to the
auto-reclose function. In the AR function, the AR signals can be
configured to initiate the reclose sequence. Each shot from 1 to 5
has its own enabled/disabled flag. If more than one AR signal
activates at the same time, AR1 has highest priority and AR2 the
lowest. Each AR signal has an independent start delay for the shot
1. If a higher priority AR signal activates during the start delay, the
start delay setting will be changed to that of the highest priority AR
signal.
After the start delay the circuit-breaker (CB) will be opened if it is
closed. When the CB opens, a dead time timer is started. Each shot
from 1 to 5 has its own dead time setting.
After the dead time the CB will be closed and a discrimination time
timer is started. Each shot from 1 to 5 has its own discrimination time
setting. If a critical signal is activated during the discrimination time,
the AR function makes a final trip. The CB will then open and the
AR sequence is locked. Closing the CB manually clears the “locked”
state.
After the discrimination time has elapsed, the reclaim time timer
starts. If any AR signal is activated during the reclaim time or the
discrimination time, the AR function moves to the next shot. The
reclaim time setting is common for every shot.
If the reclaim time runs out, the auto-reclose sequence is successfully
executed and the AR function moves to ready -state and waits for a
new AR request in shot 1.
168 V59/en M/A010

A trip signal from the protection stage can be used as a backup.

Configure the start signal of the protection stage to initiate the AR
function. If something fails in the AR function, the trip signal of the
protection stage will open the CB. The delay setting for the protection
stage should be longer than the AR start delay and discrimination
time.
If a critical signal is used to interrupt an AR sequence, the
discrimination time setting should be long enough for the critical
stage, usually at least 100 ms.
Manual closing
When CB is closed manually with the local panel, remote bus, digital
inputs etc, the reclaim-state is activated. Within the reclaim time all
AR requests are ignored. It is up to protection stages to take care of
tripping. Trip signals of protection stages must be connected to a
trip relay in the output matrix.
Manual opening
Manual CB open command during AR sequence will stop the
sequence and leaves the CB open.
Reclaim time setting

• Use shot specific reclaim time: No
Reclaim time setting defines reclaim time between different shots
during sequence and also reclaim time after manual closing.
• Use shot specific reclaim time: Yes
Reclaim time setting defines reclaim time only for manual control.
Reclaim time between different shots is defined by shot specific
reclaim time settings.
Support for 2 circuit breakers

AR function can be configured to handle 2 controllable objects. Object
1 – 6 can be configured to CB1 and any other controllable object
can be used as CB2. The object selection for CB2 is made with
Breaker 2 object setting. Switching between the two objects is done
with a digital input, virtual input, virtual output or by choosing Auto
CB selection. AR controls CB2 when the input defined by Input for
selecting CB2 setting is active (except when using auto CB selection
when operated CB 1 or 2 is that which was last in close state). Control
is changed to another object only if the current object is not close.
V59/en M/A010 169

Blocking of AR shots
Each AR shot can be blocked with a digital input, virtual input or
virtual output. Blocking input is selected with Block setting. When
selected input is active the shot is blocked. A blocked shot is treated
like it doesn’t exist and AR sequence will jump over it. If the last shot
in use is blocked, any AR request during reclaiming of the previous
shot will cause final tripping.
Starting AR sequence
Each AR request has own separate starting delay counter. The one
which starting delay has elapsed first will be selected. If more than
one delay elapses at the same time, an AR request of the highest
priority is selected. AR1 has the highest priority and AR4 has the
lowest priority. First shot is selected according to the AR request.
Next AR opens the CB and starts counting dead time.
Starting sequence at shot 2 – 5 & skipping of AR shots

Each AR request line can be enabled to any combination of the 5
shots. For example making a sequence of Shot 2 and Shot 4 for
AR request 1 is done by enabling AR1 only for those two shots.
NOTE: If AR sequence is started at shot 2 – 5 the starting delay is taken

from the discrimination time setting of the previous shot. For example
if Shot 3 is the first shot for AR2, the starting delay for this sequence
is defined by Discrimination time of Shot 2 for AR2.
Critical AR request
Critical AR request stops the AR sequence and cause final tripping.
Critical request is ignored when AR sequence is not running and
also when AR is reclaiming.
Critical request is accepted during dead time and discrimination time.
Shot active matrix signals

When starting delay has elapsed, active signal of the first shot is set.
If successful reclosing is executed at the end of the shot, the active
signal will be reset after reclaim time. If reclosing was not successful
or new fault appears during reclaim time, the active of the current
shot is reset and active signal of the next shot is set (if there are any
shots left before final trip).
AR running matrix signal

This signal indicates dead time. The signal is set after controlling CB
open. When dead time ends, the signal is reset and CB is controlled
close.
170 V59/en M/A010

Final trip matrix signals

There are 5 final trip signals in the matrix, one for each AR request
(1 to 4 and 1 critical). When final trip is generated, one of these
signals is set according to the AR request which caused the final
tripping. The final trip signal will stay active for 0.5 seconds and then
resets automatically.
DI to block AR setting
This setting is useful with an external synchro-check device. This
setting only affects re-closing the CB. Re-closing can be blocked
with a digital input, virtual input or virtual output. When the blocking
input is active, CB won’t be closed until the blocking input becomes
inactive again. When blocking becomes inactive the CB will be
controlled close immediately.
Table 8.5: Setting parameters of AR function
ARena ARon; ARoff - ARon Enabling/disabling the autoreclose
ExtSync None, - - The digital input for blocking CB close. This can be
used for Synchrocheck.
any digital input, virtual
input or virtual output
AR_DI None, - - The digital input for toggling the ARena parameter
any digital input, virtual

input or virtual output
AR2grp ARon; ARoff - ARon Enabling/disabling the autoreclose for group 2
ReclT 0.02 – 300.00 s 10.00 Reclaim time setting. This is common for all the
shots.
CB Obj1 – Obj6 Obj1 Breaker object in use
CB1 Obj1 – Obj6 Obj1 Breaker 1 object
CB2 Obj1 – Obj6 - Breaker 2 object
AutoCBSel On; Off off Enabling/disabling the auto CB selection
CB2Sel None, any digital input, - The digital input for selecting the CB2.
virtual input or virtual
output
ARreq On; Off - Off AR request event
ShotS On; Off - Off AR shot start event
ARlock On; Off - Off AR locked event
CritAr On; Off - Off AR critical signal event
ARrun On; Off - Off AR running event
FinTrp On; Off - Off AR final trip event
ReqEnd On; Off - Off AR end of request event
ShtEnd On; Off - Off AR end of shot event
CriEnd On; Off - Off AR end of critical signal event
ARUnl On; Off - Off AR release event
ARStop On; Off - Off AR stopped event
FTrEnd On; Off - Off AR final trip ready event
V59/en M/A010 171


ARon On; Off - Off AR enabled event
ARoff On; Off - Off AR disabled event
CRITri On; Off - On AR critical final trip on event
AR1Tri On; Off - On AR AR1 final trip on event
AR2Tri On; Off - On AR AR2 final trip on event
Shot settings
DeadT 0.02 – 300.00 s 5.00 The dead time setting for this shot. This is a com-
mon setting for all the AR lines in this shot
AR1 On; Off - Off Indicates if this AR signal starts this shot
Start1 0.02 – 300.00 s 0.02 AR1 Start delay setting for this shot
Discr1 0.02 – 300.00 s 0.02 AR1 Discrimination time setting for this shot
172 V59/en M/A010

Table 8.6: Measured and recorded values of AR function

Measured or recor- Obj1 UNDEFINED; - Object 1 state
ded values
OPEN;
CLOSE;
OPEN_REQUEST;
CLOSE_REQUEST;
READY;
NOT_READY;
INFO_NOT_AVAILABLE;
FAIL
Status INIT; - AR-function state
RECLAIM_TIME;
READY;
WAIT_CB_OPEN;
WAIT_CB_CLOSE;
DISCRIMINATION_TIME;
LOCKED;
FINAL_TRIP;
CB_FAIL;
INHIBIT
Shot# 1–5 - The currently running
shot
ReclT RECLAIMTIME; - The currently running
time (or last executed)
STARTTIME;
DEADTIME;
DISCRIMINATIONTIME
SCntr - Total start counter
Fail - The counter for failed
AR shots
Shot1* - Shot1 start counter
* There are 5 counters available for each one of the two AR signals.
V59/en M/A010 173

I> setting
Current
Open command
CB
Close command
CB
CBclose
state
CBopen
state
Figure 8.7: Example sequence of two shots. After shot 2 the fault is cleared.
1. Current exceeds the I> setting; the start delay from shot 1 starts.
2. After the start delay, an OpenCB relay output closes.
3. A CB opens. The dead time from shot 1 starts, and the OpenCB
relay output opens.
4. The dead time from shot 1 runs out; a CloseCB output relay
closes.
5. The CB closes. The CloseCB output relay opens, and the
discrimination time from shot 1 starts. The current is still over the
I> setting.
6. The discrimination time from the shot 1 runs out; the OpenCB
relay output closes.
7. The CB opens. The dead time from shot 2 starts, and the
OpenCB relay output opens.
8. The dead time from shot 2 runs out; the CloseCB output relay
closes.
9. The CB closes. The CloseCB output relay opens, and the
discrimination time from shot 2 starts. The current is now under
I> setting.
10. Reclaim time starts. After the reclaim time the AR sequence is
successfully executed. The AR function moves to wait for a new
AR request in shot 1.
174 V59/en M/A010

8 Control functions 8.9 Logic functions
8.9 Logic functions

Logic is made with VAMPSET setting tool. Consumed memory is
dynamically shown on the configuration view in percentage. The first
value indicates amount of used inputs, second amount of gates and
third values shows amount of outputs consumed.
Figure 8.8: Logic can be found and modified in “logic” menu in VAMPSET setting tool
Percentages show used memory amount.

Inputs/Logical functions/Outputs- used. None of these is not allowed
to exceed 100%. See guide below to learn basics of logic creation:
1 2
3
4
Figure 8.9: How to create logical nodes.
1. Press empty area to add a logic gate, confirm new function by

pressing “Yes”.
2. Logic function is always "AND" -gate as a default.
3. While logic increases the capacity is increasing as well.
4. To joint logic functions, go on top of the output line of gate and
hold down mouse left -> make the connection to other logic
functions input.
V59/en M/A010 175

8.9 Logic functions 8 Control functions
1 3
2 5
Figure 8.10: Logic creation
1. Left click on top of any logic function to activate the “Select

operation” view.
2. Edit properties button opens the “Function properties” window.
3. Generally it is possible to choose the type of logic function
between and/or/counter/swing -gate.
4. When counter is selected, count setting may be set here.
5. Separate delay setting for logic activation and dis-activation.
6. Possible to invert the output of logic. Inverted logic output is
marked with circle.
1
2 4
3
Figure 8.11: Logic creation
1. Select input signals can be done by pressing the following button

or by clicking mouse left on top of the logic input line.
2. Select outputs can be done by pressing the following button or
by clicking mouse left on top of the logic output line.
3. This deletes the logic function.
4. When logic is created and settings are written to the device the
unit requires a restart. After restarting the logic output is
automatically assigned in output matrix as well.
NOTE: Whenever writing new logic to the device the unit has to be restarted.
176 V59/en M/A010

9 Communication and protocols
9 Communication and protocols
9.1 Communication ports

The relay has one communication port. See Figure 9.1.
There is also one optional communication module slot in the rear
panel.
CommunicationPorts50
COMMUNICATION PORTS
LOCAL EXTENSION REMOTE ETHERNET

PORT PORT PORT PORT
Communication
option
Front panel in use
Ethernet
RS-232
D-
USB
2 1
FRONT PANEL
3 4
D+
GND
Figure 9.1: Communication ports and connectors. The DSR signal from the front
panel port selects the active connector for the RS232 local port.
V59/en M/A010 177

9.1 Communication ports 9 Communication and protocols
9.1.1 Local port (Front panel)

The relay has a USB-connector in the front panel
Protocol for the USB port
The front panel USB port is always using the command line protocol
for VAMPSET regardless of the selected protocol for the rear panel
local port.
9.1.2 Remote port

Protocol Protocol selection for remote port Set
None -
ANSI-85 Communication for line differential protec-
tion
9.1.3 Extension port

Protocol Protocol selection for extension port Set
None -
ExternalIO Modbus RTU master for external I/O-
modules (VIO12-xx)
9.1.4 Ethernet port

TCP port 1st INST and TCP port 2nd INST are ports for ethernet
communication protocols. Ethernet communication protocols can be
selected to these ports when such hardware option is installed. The
parameters for these ports are set via local HMI or with VAMPSET
in menus TCP port 1st INST and TCP port 2nd INST. Two different
protocols can be used simultaneously on one physical interface (both
protocols use the same IP address and MAC address but different
IP port).
Protocol configuration menu contains address and other related
information for the ethernet port. TCP port 1st and 2nd instance
include selection for the protocol, IP port settings and
message/error/timeout counters. More information about the protocol
configuration menu on table below.
178 V59/en M/A010

9 Communication and protocols 9.1 Communication ports
Table 9.3: Main configuration parameters (local display), inbuilt Ethernet

port
Protocol Protocol selection for the extension port Set
None Command line interface for VAMPSET
ModbusTCPs Modbus TCP slave
IEC-101 IEC-101
IEC 61850 IEC-61850 protocol
EtherNet/IP Ethernet/IP protocol
DNP3 DNP/TCP
Port nnn Ip port for protocol, default 102 Set
IpAddr n.n.n.n Internet protocol address (set with Set
VAMPSET)
NetMsk n.n.n.n Net mask (set with VAMPSET) Set
Gatew default = 0.0.0.0 Gateway IP address (set with VAMPSET) Set
NTPSvr n.n.n.n Network time protocol server (set with Set
VAMPSET)
0.0.0.0 = no SNTP
KeepAlive nn TCP keepalive interval Set 1)
FTP server on/off Enable FTP server Set
FTP speed 4 Kb/s (default) Maximum transmission speed for FTP Set
FTP password ? (user) FTP password Set
config (configurator)
MAC address 001ADnnnnnnn MAC address
VS Port nn IP port for VAMPSET Set
23 (default)
Msg# nnn Message counter
Errors nnn Error counter
Tout nnn Timeout counter
EthSffEn on/off Sniffer port enable Set
SniffPort Port2 Sniffer port
Set = An editable parameter (password needed)
1) KeepAlive: The KeepAlive parameter sets in seconds the time between two keepalive packets are sent from the IED.
The setting range for this parameter is between zero (0) and 20 seconds; with the exception that zero (0) means actually
120 seconds (2 minutes). A keep alive’s packet purpose is for the VAMP IED to send a probe packet to a connected client
for checking the status of the TCP-connection when no other packet is being sent e.g. client does not poll data from the
IED. If the keepalive packet is not acknowledged, the IED will close the TCP connection. Connection must be resumed
on the client side.
V59/en M/A010 179

9.1 Communication ports 9 Communication and protocols
Table 9.4: TCP PORT 1st INST

Protocol Protocol selection for the extension port. Set
None Command line interface for VAMPSET
DNP3 DNP/TCP
Table 9.5: CP PORT 2nd INST

Ethernet port protocol Protocol selection for the extension port. Set
(TCP PORT 2nd INST) None Command line interface for VAMPSET
DNP3 DNP/TCP
180 V59/en M/A010

9 Communication and protocols 9.2 Communication protocols
9.2 Communication protocols

The protocols enable the transfer of the following type of data:
• events
• status information
• measurements
• control commands.
• clock synchronizing
9.2.1 PC communication
PC communication is using a VAMP specified command line
interface. The VAMPSET program can communicate using the local
USB-port or using optional Ethernet interface.
For Ethernet configuration, see Chapter 9.1.4 Ethernet port.
V59/en M/A010 181

9.2 Communication protocols 9 Communication and protocols
9.2.2 Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU

These Modbus protocols are often used in power plants and in
industrial applications. The difference between these two protocols
is the media. Modbus TCP uses Ethernet and Modbus RTU uses
asynchronous communication (RS-485, optic fibre, RS-232).
VAMPSET will show the list of all available data items for Modbus.
The Modbus communication is activated usually for remote port via
a menu selection with parameter "Protocol". See Figure 9.1.
For Ethernet interface configuration, see Chapter 9.1.4 Ethernet port.
Addr 1 – 247 Modbus address for the device. Set
Broadcast address 0 can be used for clock synchronizing.

Modbus TCP uses also the TCP port settings.
bit/s 1200 bps Communication speed for Modbus RTU Set
2400
4800
9600
19200
Parity None Parity for Modbus RTU Set
Even
Odd
182 V59/en M/A010

9.2.3 DNP 3.0

The relay supports communication using DNP 3.0 protocol. The
following DNP 3.0 data types are supported:
• binary input
• binary input change
• double-bit input
• binary output
• analog input
• counters
Additional information can be obtained from the “DNP 3.0 Device
Profile Document” and “DNP 3.0 Parameters.pdf”. DNP 3.0
communication is activated via menu selection. RS-485 interface is
often used but also RS-232 and fibre optic interfaces are possible.
bit/s 4800 bps Communication speed Set
9600 (default)
19200
38400
Parity None (default) Parity Set
Even
Odd
SlvAddr 1 – 65519 An unique address for the device within the Set
system
MstrAddr 1 – 65519 Address of master Set
255 = default
LLTout 0 – 65535 ms Link layer confirmation timeout Set
LLRetry 1 – 255 Link layer retry count Set
1 = default
APLTout 0 – 65535 ms Application layer confirmation timeout Set
5000 = default
CnfMode EvOnly (default); All Application layer confirmation mode Set
DBISup No (default); Yes Double-bit input support Set
SyncMode 0 – 65535 s Clock synchronization request interval. Set
0 = only at boot
V59/en M/A010 183

9.2.4 External I/O (Modbus RTU master)

External Modbus I/O devices can be connected to the relay using
this protocol. (See Chapter 11.8.1 Third-party external input / output
modules module for more information).
9.2.5 IEC 61850

IEC 61850 protocol is available with the optional communication
module. IEC 61850 protocol can be used to read / write static data
from the relay to receive events and to receive / send GOOSE
messages to other relays.
IEC 61850 server interface is capable of
• Configurable data model: selection of logical nodes corresponding
to active application functions
• Configurable pre-defined data sets
• Supported dynamic data sets created by clients
• Supported reporting function with buffered and unbuffered Report
Control Blocks
• Sending analogue values over GOOSE
• Supported control modes:
- direct with normal security
- direct with enhanced security
- select before operation with normal security
- select before operation with enhanced security
• Supported horizontal communication with GOOSE: configurable
GOOSE publisher data sets, configurable filters for GOOSE
subscriber inputs, GOOSE inputs available in the application
logic matrix
Additional information can be obtained from the separate documents
“IEC 61850 conformance statement.pdf”, “IEC 61850 Protocol
data.pdf” and “Configuration of IEC 61850 interface.pdf”.
184 V59/en M/A010

9.2.6 EtherNet/IP
The device supports communication using EtherNet/IP protocol which
is a part of CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) family. EtherNet/IP
protocol is available with the optional inbuilt Ethernet port. The
protocol can be used to read / write data from the device using
request / response communication or via cyclic messages
transporting data assigned to assemblies (sets of data).
For more detailed information and parameter lists for EtherNet/IP,
refer to a separate application note “Application Note
EtherNet/IP.pdf”.
For the complete data model of EtherNet/IP, refer to the document
“Application Note DeviceNet and EtherNetIP Data Model.pdf”.
9.2.7 FTP server

The FTP server is available on VAMP IEDs equipped with an inbuilt
or optional Ethernet card.
The server enables downloading of the following files from an IED:
• Disturbance recordings.
• The MasterICD and MasterICDEd2 files.
The MasterICD and MasterICDEd2 files are VAMP specific reference
files that can be used for offline IEC61850 configuration.
The inbuilt FTP client in Microsoft Windows or any other compatible
FTP client may be used to download files from the device.
Enable FTP server Yes Enable or disable the FTP server. Set
No
FTP password Max 33 characters Required to access the FTP server with an FTP Set
client. Default is “config”. The user name is al-
ways “VAMP”.
FTP max speed 1 – 10 KB/s The maximum speed at which the FTP server Set
will transfer data.
V59/en M/A010 185

9.2.8 DeviceNet
The device supports communication using DeviceNet protocol which
is a part of CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) family. DeviceNet
protocol is available with the optional external VSE009 module. The
protocol can be used to read / write data from the device using
request / response communication or via cyclic messages
transporting data assigned to assemblies (sets of data).
For more detailed information about DeviceNet, refer to a separate
application note “Application Note DeviceNet.pdf”.
For the complete data model of DeviceNet, refer to the document
“Application Note DeviceNet and EtherNetIP Data Model.pdf”.
186 V59/en M/A010

10 Application
10 Application
VAMP 59 can be used for protection of medium voltage networks
with grounded or low-resistance grounded neutral point. The relay
has the required functions to be applied as a backup relay in high
voltage networks or to a transformer differential relay.
The relays provide circuit-breaker control functionality, additional
primary switching devices (earthing switches and disconnector
switches) can also be controlled from the relay HMI or the control or
SCADA/automation system. Programmable logic functionality is also
implemented in the relay for various applications e.g interlockings
schemes. For details about the functionality in the relays, see
Table 1.1.
10.1 Line protection and auto-reclosing
Master Slave
Figure 10.1: Line differential protection and auto-reclosing
1. Fault is disconnected by line differential protection. LdI starts

auto-reclosing.
2. Only master does the reclosing, slave waits for permission to
close breaker. I> checks if there is still fault. Line differential
protection has to be blocked.
3. After successful reclosing slave is permitted to close the breaker.
Slave receives POC-signal from master in 10 ms after successful
reclosing. Line differential protection is no longer blocked.
4. Finally the station is energized.
V59/en M/A010 187

10.2 Trip circuit supervision 10 Application
10.2 Trip circuit supervision

Trip circuit supervision is used to ensure that the wiring from the
protective device to a circuit-breaker is in order. This circuit is unused
most of the time, but when a protection device detects a fault in the
network, it is too late to notice that the circuit-breaker cannot be
tripped because of a broken trip circuitry.
Also the closing circuit can be supervised, using the same principle.
10.2.1 Trip circuit supervision with one digital input

The benefits of this scheme is that only one digital inputs is needed
and no extra wiring from the relay to the circuit breaker (CB) is
needed. Also supervising a 24 Vdc trip circuit is possible.
The drawback is that an external resistor is needed to supervise the
trip circuit on both CB positions. If supervising during the closed
position only is enough, the resistor is not needed.
• The digital input is connected parallel with the trip contacts
(Figure 10.2).
• The digital input is configured as Normal Closed (NC).
• The digital input delay is configured longer than maximum fault
time to inhibit any superfluous trip circuit fault alarm when the
trip contact is closed.
• The digital input is connected to a relay in the output matrix giving
out any trip circuit alarm.
• The trip relay should be configured as non-latched. Otherwise,
a superfluous trip circuit fault alarm will follow after the trip contact
operates, and the relay remains closed because of latching.
• By utilizing an auxiliary contact of the CB for the external resistor,
also the auxiliary contact in the trip circuit can be supervised.
188 V59/en M/A010

10 Application 10.2 Trip circuit supervision
52b 52a
Figure 10.2: Trip circuit supervision using a single digital input and an external resistor
R. The circuit-breaker is in the closed position. The supervised circuitry in this CB
position is double-lined. The digital input is in active state when the trip circuit is
complete.
NOTE: The need for the external resistor R depends on the application and
circuit breaker manufacturer's specifications.
V59/en M/A010 189

52a
Figure 10.3: Alternative connection without using circuit breaker 52b auxiliary contacts.
Trip circuit supervision using a single digital input and an external resistor R. The
circuit-breaker is in the closed position. The supervised circuitry in this CB position
is double-lined. The digital input is in active state when the trip circuit is complete.
190 V59/en M/A010

52b 52a
Figure 10.4: Trip circuit supervision using a single digital input, when the circuit breaker
is in open position.
V59/en M/A010 191

52a
Figure 10.5: Alternative connection without using circuit breaker 52b auxiliary contacts.
Trip circuit supervision using a single digital input, when the circuit breaker is in open
position.
Figure 10.6: An example of digital input DI1 configuration for trip circuit supervision
with one digital input.
Figure 10.7: An example of output matrix configuration for trip circuit supervision with
one digital input.
192 V59/en M/A010

Example of dimensioning the external resistor R:

UAUX = 110 Vdc - 20 % + 10%, Auxiliary voltage with tolerance
UDI = 18 Vdc, Threshold voltage of the digital input
IDI = 3 mA, Typical current needed to activate the digital
input including a 1 mA safety margin.
PCOIL = 50 W, Rated power of the open coil of the circuit
breaker. If this value is not known, 0 Ω can be used
for the RCOIL.
UMIN = UAUX - 20 % = 88 V
UMAX = UAUX + 10 % = 121 V
RCOIL = U2AUX / PCOIL = 242 Ω.
The external resistance value is calculated using Equation 10.1.
Equation 10.1:
U MIN − U DI − I DI ⋅ RCoil
R=
I DI
R = (88 – 18 – 0.003 x 242)/0.003 = 23.1 kΩ

(In practice the coil resistance has no effect.)
By selecting the next smaller standard size we get 22 kΩ.
The power rating for the external resistor is estimated using
Equation 10.2 and Equation 10.3. The Equation 10.2 is for the CB
open situation including a 100 % safety margin to limit the maximum
temperature of the resistor.
Equation 10.2:
2
P = 2 ⋅ I DI ⋅R
P = 2 x 0.0032 x 22000 = 0.40 W

Select the next bigger standard size, for example 0.5 W.
When the trip contacts are still closed and the CB is already open,
the resistor has to withstand much higher power (Equation 10.3) for
this short time.
Equation 10.3:
2
U MAX
P=
R
P = 1212 / 22000 = 0.67 W
V59/en M/A010 193

A 0.5 W resistor will be enough for this short time peak power, too.
However, if the trip relay is closed for longer time than a few seconds,
a 1 W resistor should be used.
10.2.2 Trip circuit supervision with two digital inputs

The benefits of this scheme is that no external resistor is needed.
The drawbacks are, that two digital inputs from two separate groups
are needed and two extra wires from the relay to the CB compartment
is needed. Additionally the minimum allowed auxiliary voltage is 48
Vdc, which is more than twice the threshold voltage of the dry digital
input, because when the CB is in open position, the two digital inputs
are in series.
• The first digital input is connected parallel with the auxiliary
contact of the open coil of the circuit breaker.
• Another auxiliary contact is connected in series with the circuitry
of the first digital input. This makes it possible to supervise also
the auxiliary contact in the trip circuit.
• The second digital input is connected in parallel with the trip
contacts.
• Both inputs are configured as normal closed (NC).
• The user’s programmable logic is used to combine the digital
input signals with an AND port. The delay is configured longer
than maximum fault time to inhibit any superfluous trip circuit
fault alarm when the trip contact is closed.
• The output from the logic is connected to a relay in the output
matrix giving out any trip circuit alarm.
• Both digital inputs must have their own common potential.
Using the other digital inputs in the same group as the upper DI
in the Figure 10.8 is not possible in most applications. Using the
other digital inputs in the same group as the lower DI in the
Figure 10.8 is limited, because the whole group will be tied to
the auxiliary voltage VAUX.
194 V59/en M/A010

52b 52a
Figure 10.8: Trip circuit supervision with two digital inputs. The CB is closed. The
supervised circuitry in this CB position is double-lined. The digital input is in active
state when the trip circuit is complete.
V59/en M/A010 195

52b 52a
Figure 10.9: Trip circuit supervision with two digital inputs. The CB is in the open
position. The two digital inputs are now in series.
Figure 10.10: An example of digital input configuration for trip circuit supervision
with two dry digital inputs DI1 and DI2.
196 V59/en M/A010

Figure 10.11: An example of logic configuration for trip circuit supervision with two
dry digital inputs DI1 and DI2.
Figure 10.12: An example of output matrix configuration for trip circuit supervision
with two digital inputs.
V59/en M/A010 197

11 Connections
11 Connections
11.1 Rear panel
X1
X3
1
8
20
2 7
19
6
3 18
5
17
4 4
16
3
15
5 2
14
1
6 13
12
7
11
8 10
9
9 8
10 7
6
48...230V AC/DC
11 5
4
24VDC
3
X2 2
1
1
2
Figure 11.1: Connections on the rear panel
198 V59/en M/A010

11 Connections 11.1 Rear panel
Terminal X1
No Symbol Description
1 IL1(S1) Phase current L1 (S1)

1
2
3
4
5
6 6 IL3(S2) Phase current L3 (S2)
7 7 Io1 Residual current Io1 common for 1 A and 5 A (S1)
8 8 Io1/5A Residual current Io1 5A (S2)
9 9 Io1/1A Residual current Io1 1A (S2)

10 10 Uo Zero sequence voltage Uo (Da)
11 11 Uo Zero sequence voltage Uo (Da)
Terminal X2
1 UAUX Auxiliary voltage

1
2 UAUX Auxiliary voltage
2
V59/en M/A010 199

11.2 Auxiliary voltage 11 Connections
Terminal X3
20 SF NO Internal fault relay, common connector

20
19 SF NC Internal fault relay, normal open connector
19
18 SF COM Internal fault relay, normal closed connector
18
17 T1 Trip relay 1
17
16 T1 Trip relay 1
16
15 T2 Trip relay 2
15
14 T2 Trip relay 2
14
13 T3 Trip relay 3
13
12 12 T3 Trip relay 3
9 9 A1 NC Alarm relay 1, common connector
8 8 A1 NO Alarm relay 1, normal open connector
7 7 A1 COM Alarm relay 1, normal closed connector
6 6 DI2 + Digital inputs
5 5 DI2 - Digital inputs
4 4 DI1 + Digital inputs

3 3 DI1 - Digital inputs
2 2 mA out - Analogue output
1 1 mA out + Analogue output
11.2 Auxiliary voltage

The external auxiliary voltage UAUX (40 – 265 V ac or V dc, or
optionally 18 – 36V dc) for the relay is connected to the pins X2: 1
– 2.
NOTE: When optional 18 – 36 Vdc power module is used the polarity is as

follows: X2:1 positive (+), X2:2 negative (-).
200 V59/en M/A010

11 Connections 11.3 Output relays
11.3 Output relays

The relay is equipped with 5 configurable output relays, and a
separate output relay for the self-supervision system.
• Trip relays T1 – T4 (terminals X3: 10-17)
• Alarm relay A1 (terminals X3: 7-9)
• Self-supervision system output relay IF (terminals X3: 18-20)
11.4 Serial communication connection

The device can be equipped with optional communication module.
The physical location of the module is the lower option card slot at
the back of the relay. The modules can be installed in the field (when
power is first turned off).
There are three “logical communication ports” available in the relay:
REMOTE, LOCAL and EXTENSION. Depending on the module type
one or more of these ports are physically available at the external
connectors.
11.4.1 Front panel USB connector

Pin Signal name
2 1 1 VBUS
2 D-
3
3 D+
4
4 GND
Figure 11.2: Pin numbering of the front Shell Shield
panel USB type B connector
V59/en M/A010 201

11.4 Serial communication connection 11 Connections
11.4.2 Pin assignments of the optional communication

interface cards
The communication card types and their pin assignments are
introduced in the following table.
Type Order code, Name Communication Signal levels Connectors Pin usage
ports
VCM 232+00 LA REMOTE RS-232 D-connector 2 = TX_REM
RS-232 interface 3 = RX_REM
7 = GND
9 = +12V
VCM 232+IR LB CLOCK SYNC TTL 2-pole screw con- 1= Data
(IRIG-B ) nector
RS-232 interface 2= GND
with timesyn-
cronisation input
VCM 232+FI LC EXTENSION Light Snap-in connector
RS-232 interface RTD protocol must

with RTD fiber op- be selected for the
tic interface port
VCM 232+I62 LE ETHERNET Ethernet 10Mbps RJ-45 1=Transmit+
RS-232 interface 2=Transmit-

with IEC 61850 in-
terface 3=Receive+
4=Reserved
5=Reserved
6=Receive-
7=Reserved
8=Reserved
VCM 232+L6 LG ETHERNET Light 100Mbps LC-connector TX=Lower LC-con-
nector
RS-232 interface
with IEC 61850 RX=Upper LC-con-
Ethernet fibre inter- nector
face
202 V59/en M/A010

11 Connections 11.5 Input/output card B = 4 x DI + 1 x DI/DO
11.5 Input/output card B = 4 x DI + 1 x DI/DO

The digital input/output option “B = 4 x DI + 1 x DI/DO" enables four
more digital inputs and one optional digital input / output contact.
This card enables use of digital inputs DI3 – DI7. In case DI7 is not
used as digital input then it can be used as additional output T5, but
not simultaneously.
NOTE: Pay special attention when using DI7 (terminals numbers X6:1 –
X6:2) as digital input use. Never configure, operate or control T5
output if DI7 is used as an imput. Should the control of T5 happen
the output contact will short-circuit DI7 and will lead to equipment
damage and loss of data.
For this block information, please see Figure 11.5.

When this option card is installed to slot X6, the CARD INFO view
indicates value “4DI + 1DO” for parameter “I/O card” in HMI and
VAMPSET. In case arc sensor card is chosen for slot X6 then this
I/O card cannot be used.
Digital inputs of the device can operate in three different voltage
areas. It is also possible to select whether ac or dc –voltage is used.
Digital input threshold of the device is selected in the ordering code
when the relay(s) are being ordered.
When 110 or 220 V ac voltage is used to activate the digital Inputs,
the AC mode should be selected as shown in the screenshot below:
Figure 11.3: AC mode selection in VAMPSET
11.6 Arc protection card C = Arc (2 x Arc

sensor + BIO)
NOTE: When this option card is installed, the parameter "I/O" has value
"VOM Arc+BI". Please check the Chapter 14 Order information.
The optional arc protection card includes two arc sensor channels.
The arc sensors are connected to terminals X6: 5 – 6 and 7 – 8.
input and output channels. This is a 48 V dc signal.
back of the unit.
V59/en M/A010 203
11.7 Arc protection card D = Advanced arc (3 x Arc sensor + BIO) 11 Connections

The GND must be connected together between the GND of the
connected devices.
The binary output of the arc option card may be activated by one or
both of the connected arc sensors, or by the binary input. The
connection between the inputs and the output is selectable via the
output matrix of the device. The binary output can be connected to
an arc binary input of another VAMP protection relay or arc protection
system.
11.7 Arc protection card D = Advanced arc (3

x Arc sensor + BIO)
NOTE: When this option card is installed, the parameter "I/O" has value
"3S+1BI+1BO". Please check the Chapter 14 Order information.
The optional arc protection card includes two arc sensor channels.
The arc sensors are connected to terminals X6: 6 – 7, 8 – 9 and 10
– 11.
input and output channels. This is a 48 V dc signal.
back of the unit.
The GND must be connected together between the GND of the
connected devices.
The binary output of the arc option card may be activated by one or
both of the connected arc sensors, or by the binary input. The
connection between the inputs and the output is selectable via the
output matrix of the device. The binary output can be connected to
an arc binary input of another VAMP protection relay or arc protection
system.
204 V59/en M/A010

11 Connections 11.8 External option modules
11.8 External option modules
11.8.1 Third-party external input / output modules

The device supports also external input / output modules used to
extend the number of digital/analog inputs and outputs.
The following types of devices are supported:
• Analog input modules (RTD)
• Analog output modules (mA-output)
• Binary input/output modules
EXTENSION port is primarily designed for I/O modules. The relay
must have a communication option card with EXTENSION port.
Depending of the option card I/O devices may require an adapter to
be able to connect to the port (i.e. VSE004).
NOTE: If External I/O protocol is not selected to any communication port,

VAMPSET doesn’t display the menus required for configuring the
I/O devices. After changing EXTENSION port protocol to External
I/O, restart the relay and read all settings with VAMPSET.
V59/en M/A010 205

11.8 External option modules 11 Connections
External analog inputs configuration (VAMPSET only)

Range Description
Communication read errors
-
Scaling Y2 Scaled value Point 2
-
X2 Modbus value
X: -32000 – 32000 -
Y: -1000 – 1000 Y1 Scaled value Point 1
-
X1 Modbus value
-
Offset Subtracted from Modbus value, before
-32000 – 32000
running XY scaling
-
-
- -
InputR or HoldingR Modbus register type
-
- -
1 – 9999 Modbus register for the measurement
-
- -
- -
1 – 247 Modbus address of the I/O device
-
C, F, K, mA, Ohm or V/A Unit selection
- -
-
Active value
- -
On / Off Enabling for measurement
206 V59/en M/A010

Alarms for external analog inputs

Range Description
- -
0 – 10000 Hysteresis for alarm limits
-
- Alarm >> -
-21x107 – +21x107 Limit setting
-
- -
- / Alarm Active state
-
- Alarm > -
-21x107 – +21x107 Limit setting
-
- -
- / Alarm Active state
-
-
Active value
- -
- -
-
- -
-
Analog input alarms have also matrix signals, “Ext. Aix Alarm1” and “Ext. Aix Alarm2”.
V59/en M/A010 207

External digital inputs configuration (VAMPSET only)

Range Description
-
Communication read errors
-
-
1 – 16 Bit number of Modbus register value
-
- -
- Modbus register type
CoilS, InputS,
InputR or HoldingR
-
- -
-
- -
-
- -
- -
0/1 Active state
- -
208 V59/en M/A010

External digital outputs configuration (VAMPSET only)

Range Description
-
Communication errors
-
- -
- -
-
- -
- -
-
- -
- -
0/1 Output state
-
- Enabling for measurement
V59/en M/A010 209

External analog outputs configuration (VAMPSET only)

Range Description
-
Communication errors
-
-
Modbus value corresponding Linked Val. Max
-32768 – +32767 -
(0 – 65535) -
Modbus value corresponding Linked Val. Min
-
- -
InputR or HoldingR Modbus register type
-
- -
1 – 9999 Modbus register for the output
-
- -
-
-
Maximum limit for lined value, corresponding to “Modbus Max”
0 – 42x108, -
-21x108 – +21x108 -
Minimum limit for lined value, corresponding to “Modbus Min”
-
-
Link selection
-
- -
-21x107 – +21x107 Minimum & maximum output values
-
Active value
-
210 V59/en M/A010

11 Connections 11.9 Block optional diagram
11.9 Block optional diagram
X2:1
~ VAMP 59 Front
X2:2 Protection functions Comm. option
87L 67N
Ldl> I0φ>
Remote
Ldl>> I0φ>>
X1:1
50/51 59N
X1:2 IL1 3I> U0>

X3:17
3I>> U0>>
T1
X1:3
3I>>> X3:16
X1:4 IL2 T2 X3:15
68F2
X1:5 46
If2> X3:14
X1:6 IL3 I2 >
T3 X3:13
68F5
X1:7 X3:12
* 49 If5>
X1:8 I0 5A
T>
T4 X3:11
1A 50ARC
X1:9 50N/51N
ArcI> X3:10
X1:10 X3:7
I0>, I02>
50NARC A1
U0 I0>>, I02>> ArcI0> X3:9
X1:11
X3:8
I/O extension
module 79
X6:1 Auto Reclose

X6:2
X6:3 Arc option
X6:4 or X3:18
X6:5 DI/DO module SF
X6:6 X3:19
X6:7 X3:20
X6:8 Autorecloser Blocking and
matrix output matrix mA out option
X3:3 DI1 - X3:1 AO+

X3:4 DI1+ DI X3:2 AO -
mA
X3:5 DI2 -
X3:6 DI2+
* order option
I0
1A
0.2A
Figure 11.4: Block diagram of overcurrent and earthfault protection relay VAMP 59
V59/en M/A010 211

11.10 Block diagrams of optional modules 11 Connections
11.10 Block diagrams of optional modules

B = 4 x DI + 1 x DI/DO
X6:1 +DI7 / T5
X6:2 -DI7 / T5
X6:3 DI3
X6:4 COMM
X6:5 DI4
X6:6 DI5
X6:7 COMM
X6:8 DI6
Figure 11.5: Block diagram of optional module “B = Digital I/O; 4 x DI + 1 x DI/DO”
C = 2 x Arc sensor + BIO

A rc option
X6:1 BO+ BI/ O
X6:2 BO-
X6:3 BI+
X6:4 BI-
X6:5 L1 +
L>
X6:6 L1 -
X6:7 L2+
X6:8 L2-
Figure 11.6: Block diagram of optional arc protection card C = Arc (2 x Arc sensor
+ BIO)
212 V59/en M/A010

11 Connections 11.10 Block diagrams of optional modules
D = 3 x Arc sensor + BIO

Arc option
X6:1 BO1+ BI/O
X6:2 BO1-
X6:3 BI1+
X6:4 BI1-
X6:5 n/a
X6:6 S1
X6:7 S1 L>
X6:8 S2
X6:9 S2
X6:10 S3
X6:11 S3
Figure 11.7: Block diagram of advanced optional arc protection card D = Advanced
Arc (3 x Arc sensor + BIO)
V59/en M/A010 213

11.11 Connection examples 11 Connections
11.11 Connection examples

L1
L2
L3
+ 1 -
X2:1
~
Front - 0
X2:2 Comm. option
Remote
VAMP 59
X1:1
X1:2 IL1 T1
X3:17
X1:3 X3:16
X1:4 IL2 T2 X3:15 +
X1:5 X3:14
+
X1:6 IL3 T3 X3:13
X1:7 * X3:12
dn da
I
X1:8 0 5A T4 X3:11
X1:9 1A
X3:10
X1:10
A1 X3:7
X1:11 U0/UL1/U12
U0 X3:9
I/O extension
X3:8
module
X6:1
X6:2
Arc option
X6:3
X6:4 or SF X3:18
X6:5 X3:19
DI / DO module
X6:6
X6:7
X3:20
mA out option
X6:8
X3:3 DI1 - X3:1 AO+

DI
X3:4 DI1 + X3:2 AO-
mA
X3:5 DI2 -
X3:6 DI2 +
Figure 11.8: Block diagram of overcurrent and earthfault protection relay VAMP 59.
214 V59/en M/A010

12 Technical data
12 Technical data
12.1 Connections
Table 12.1: Measuring circuits
Phase current inputs -
Rated phase current 5 A (configurable for CT secondaries 1 – 10 A)
- Current measuring range 0.05 – 250 A
- Thermal withstand 20 A (continuously)
- 100 A (for 10 s)
- 500 A (for 1 s)
- Burden 0.075 VA
- Impedance 0.003 Ohm

I0 input (5 A) -
Rated residual current 5 A (configurable for CT secondaries 0.1 – 10 A)
- 100 A (for 10 s)
- 500 A (for 1 s)
- Burden 0.075 VA

I0 input (1 A) -
Rated residual current 1 A (configurable for CT secondaries 0.1 – 10.0 A)
- 20 A (for 10 s)
- 100 A (for 1 s)
- Burden 0.02 VA

I0 input (0.2 A) -
Rated residual current 0.2 A (configurable for CT secondaries 0.1 – 10.0 A)
- Thermal withstand 0.8 A (continuously)
- 4 A (for 10 s)
- 20 A (for 1 s)
- Burden 0.02 VA
V59/en M/A010 215

12.1 Connections 12 Technical data
Frequency -
Rated frequency fN 45 – 65 Hz (protection operates accurately)
Measuring range 16 – 95 Hz
< 44Hz / > 66Hz (other protection is not steady except

frequency protection)
Table 12.2: Auxiliary voltage

Type A (standard) Type B (option)
Rated voltage UAUX 38 – 265 V ac/dc 18 – 36 V dc
Note! Polarity
X2:1= positive (+)
X2:2= negative (-)

Start-up peak (dc) -
24 V (Type B) 25 A with time constant of 1000 µs
110 V (Type A) 15 A with time constant of 500 µs
220 V (Type A) 25 A with time constant of 750 µs

Power consumption < 15 W (normal conditions)
- < 25 W (output relays activated)
Max. permitted interruption time < 50 ms (110 V dc)

Terminal block: Maximum wire dimension:
- Phoenix MVSTBW or equivalent 2.5 mm2 (13 – 14 AWG)
Table 12.3: Digital inputs internal operating voltage

Number of inputs 2
Voltage withstand 265 V ac/dc
External operating voltage, threshold A: 24 – 230 V ac/dc (max. 265 V ac/dc)
B: 110 – 230 V ac/dc (max. 265 V ac/dc)
C: 220 – 230 V ac/dc (max. 265 V ac/dc)

Typical switching threshold A: 12 V dc
B: 75 V dc
C: 155 V dc
Current drain < 4 mA (typical approx. 3mA)
Activation time dc/ac < 11 ms / < 15 ms
Reset time dc/ac < 11 ms / < 15 ms
Terminal block: Maximum wire dimension:
- MSTB2.5 – 5.08 2.5 mm2 (13 – 14 AWG)
NOTE: set dc/ac mode according to the used voltage in VAMPSET.
216 V59/en M/A010

12 Technical data 12.1 Connections
Table 12.4: Trip contact, Tx

Number of contacts 4 making contacts (relays T1, T2, T3, T4)
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry, 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry, 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity, dc (L/R = 40ms)

at 48 V dc: 1.15 A
at 110 V dc: 0.5 A
at 220 V dc: 0.25 A
Contact material AgNi 90/10

Terminal block: Wire dimension:
- MSTB2.5 - 5.08 Maximum 2.5 mm2 (13 – 14 AWG)
Minimum 1.5 mm2 (15 – 16 AWG)
Table 12.5: Signal contacts

Number of contacts: 2 change-over contacts (relays A1 and SF)
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Continuous carry 5A
Breaking capacity, dc (L/R = 40ms)

at 48 V dc: 1A
at 110 V dc: 0.3 A
at 220 V dc: 0.15 A
Contact material AgNi 0.15 gold plated

Terminal block Wire dimension
- MSTB2.5 - 5.08 Maximum 2.5 mm2 (13 – 14 AWG)
Minimum 1.5 mm2 (15 – 16 AWG)
Table 12.6: Local serial communication port

Number of ports 1 on front
Electrical connection USB
Data transfer rate 2 400 – 187 500 kb/s
V59/en M/A010 217

12.1 Connections 12 Technical data
Table 12.7: Remote control connection (option)

Number of ports 1 option slot on rear panel
Electrical connection RS 232
Glass fibre connection
Ethernet 10 Base-T
Protocols IEC 60870-5-101
IEC 60870-5-101 TCP
DNP 3.0
DNP 3.0 TCP
IEC 61850
Ethernet IP
ANSI 85 (RS 232)
Table 12.8: Analogue output connection (option)

Number of analogue mA output chan- 1
nels
Maximum output current 1 – 20 mA, step 1 mA
Minimum output current 0 – 19 mA, step 1 mA
Exception output current 0 – 20.50 mA, step 25 µA
Resolution 10 bit
Current step < 25 µA
Inaccuracy ±80 µA
Response time -
- normal mode < 400 ms
- fast mode < 50 ms

Burden < 600 Ω
Table 12.9: Ethernet fiber interface

Type Multimode
Connector LC for single FO Ethernet
ST for double FO Ethernet

Physical layer 100 Base-Fx
Maximum cable distance 2 km
Optical wavelength 1300 nm
Cable core / cladding size 50/125 or 62.5/125 μm
218 V59/en M/A010

12 Technical data 12.2 Test and environmental conditions
12.2 Test and environmental conditions

Table 12.10: Disturbance tests
Test Standard & Test class / level Test value
Emission EN 61000-6-4 / IEC 60255-26
- Conducted EN 55011, Class A / IEC 60255-25 0.01 – 30 MHz
- Emitted EN 55011, Class A / IEC 60255-25 / CISPR 11 30 – 1000 MHz
Immunity EN 61000-6-2 / IEC 60255-26
- 1 Mhz damped oscillatory wave IEC 60255-22-1 ±2.5kVp CM, ±1.0kVp DM
- Static discharge (ESD) EN 61000-4-2 Level 4 / IEC 60255-22-2 Class ±8 kV contact, ±15 kV air
4
- Emitted HF field EN 61000-4-3 Level 3 / IEC 60255-22-3 80 - 2700 MHz, 10 V/m
- Fast transients (EFT) EN 61000-4-4 Level 4 / 3 / IEC 60255-22-4 Class 4 kV / Signal ports 2.0 kV , 5/50 ns,
A 5 kHz
- Surge EN 61000-4-5 Level 3 / IEC 60255-22-5 2 kV, 1.2/50 µs, CM
1 kV, 1.2/50 µs, DM

- Conducted HF field EN 61000-4-6 Level 3 / IEC 60255-22-6 0.15 - 80 MHz, 10 Vrms
- Power-frequency magnetic field EN 61000-4-8 300A/m (continuous), 1000A/m 1-
3s
- Pulse magnetic field EN 61000-4-9 Level 5 1000A/m, 1.2/50 µs
- Voltage dips EN 61000-4-29 / IEC 60255-11 30%/1s, 60%/0.1s, 100%/0.01s
- Voltage short interruptions EN 61000-4-11 30%/10ms, 100%/10ms,
60%/100ms, 95%/5000ms
- Voltage alternative component EN 61000-4-17 / IEC 60255-11 12% of operating voltage (DC) /
10min
Table 12.11: Electrical safety tests

- Impulse voltage withstand EN 60255-5, Class III 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J
1 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J Communica-

tion
- Dielectric test EN 60255-5, Class III 2 kV, 50 Hz
0.5 kV, 50 Hz Communication

- Insulation resistance EN 60255-5
- Protective bonding resistance EN 60255-27
- Power supply burden IEC 60255-1
Table 12.12: Mechanical tests

Device in operation
- Vibrations IEC 60255-21-1, Class II / IEC 60068-2-6, Fc 1Gn, 10Hz – 150 HZ
- Shocks IEC 60255-21-2, Class II / IEC 60068-2-27, Ea 10Gn/11ms
Device de-energized
- Vibrations IEC 60255-21-1, Class II / IEC 60068-2-6, Fc 2Gn, 10Hz – 150 HZ
- Shocks IEC 60255-21-2, Class II / IEC 60068-2-27, Ea 30Gn/11ms
- Bump IEC 60255-21-2, Class II / IEC 60068-2-27, Ea 20Gn/16ms
V59/en M/A010 219

12.2 Test and environmental conditions 12 Technical data
Table 12.13: Environmental tests

Device in operation
- Dry heat EN / IEC 60068-2-2, Bd 65°C (149°F)
- Cold EN / IEC 60068-2-1, Ad -40°C (-40°F)
- Damp heat, cyclic EN / IEC 60068-2-30, Db
• From 25°C (77°F) to 55°C
(131°F)
• From 93% RH to 98% RH
• Testing duration: 6 days
- Damp heat, static EN / IEC 60068-2-78, Cab
• 40°C (104°F)
• 93% RH
• Testing duration: 10 days
Flowing mixed gas corrosion test, IEC 60068-2-60, Ke 25°C (77°F), 75% RH,
method 2
10 ppb H2S, 200 ppb NO2,
10 ppb CL2
Flowing mixed gas corrosion test, IEC 60068-2-60, Ke 25°C (77°F), 75% RH,
method 4
10 ppb H2S, 200 ppb NO2,
10 ppb CL2, 200 ppb SO2
Device in storage
- Dry heat EN / IEC 60068-2-2, Bb 75°C (167°F)
- Cold EN / IEC 60068-2-1, Ab -40°C (-40°F)
Table 12.14: Environmental conditions

Ambient temperature, in-service -40 – 65°C (-40 – 149°F)
Ambient temperature, storage -40 – 70°C (-40 – 158°F)
Relative air humidity < 95%, no condensation allowed
Maximum operating altitude 2000 m (6561.68 ft)
Table 12.15: Casing

Degree of protection (IEC 60529) IP54 front panel, IP 20 rear panel
Dimensions (W x H x D) 130 x 170 x 210 mm / 5.12 x 6.69 x 8.27 in
Material 1 mm (0.039 in) steel plate
Weight 2.0 kg (4.415 lb)
Colour code RAL 7032 (Casing) / RAL 7035 (Back plate)
Table 12.16: Package

Dimensions (W x H x D) 230 x 215 x 175 mm / 9.06 x 8.46 x 6.89 in
Weight (Terminal, Package and 3.0 kg (6.623 lb)
Manual)
220 V59/en M/A010

12 Technical data 12.3 Protection functions
12.3 Protection functions

*) EI = Extremely Inverse, NI = Normal Inverse, VI = Very Inverse, LTI = Long Time Inverse,
MI= Moderately Inverse
**) This is the instantaneous time i.e. the minimum total operational time including the
fault detection time and operation time of the trip contacts.
12.3.1 Differential protection

Table 12.17: Line differential protection LdI> (87L)
IPick-Up 20 – 50 %
Start of slope 1 0.5 – 1.0 x IN
Slope 1 0 – 100 %
Start of slope 2 1.0 – 3.0 x IN
Slope 2 50 – 200 %
Second harmonic blocking 5 – 30 % IN (step 1%)
Fifth harmonic blocking 20 – 50 % IN (step 1%)

Reset time < 95 ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Inaccuracy:
- 2nd harmonic blocking ±1% - unit
- 5th harmonic blocking ±1% - unit
- Starting ±5% of set value or 0.05 x IN when currents
are > 200 mA
- Operating time (3.5 x ISET) typically 35 ms
NOTE: The amplitude of second harmonic content has to be at least 2% of the nominal
of CT. If the nominal current is 5 A, the 100 Hz component needs to exceed 100
mA.
Table 12.18: Differential overcurrent stage Ldl>> (87L)

Setting range 1.2 – 20.0 x IN (step 0.1)
Second harmonic blocking 5 – 30 % IN (step 1%)
Fifth harmonic blocking 20 – 50 % IN (step 1%)

Inaccuracy: -
- 2nd harmonic blocking ±1% - unit
- 5th harmonic blocking ±1% - unit

- Starting ±5% of the set value
- Operating time (3.5 x ISET) typically 35 ms
V59/en M/A010 221

12.3 Protection functions 12 Technical data
Table 12.19: Transformer settings (scaling menu)

Connection group None (no transformer)
Yy0, Yy6, Yd1, Yd5, Yd7, Yd11, Dy1, Dy5,

Dy7, Dy11, Dd0 and Dd6
Transformer side HV (relay located on high voltage side)
LV (relay located on low voltage side)

Transformer grounding: -
- I0 compensation enabled or disabled depending whether

starpoint is grounded or not
- I’0 compensation
12.3.2 Non-directional current protection

Table 12.20: Overcurrent stage I> (50/51)
Pick-up value 0.10 – 5.00 x IN (step 0.01)
Definite time function: DT**
- Operate time 0.04 – 300.00 s (step 0.01 s)
IDMT function:
- Delay curve family (DT), IEC, IEEE, RI Prg
- Curve type EI, VI, NI, LTI, MI…, depends on the family*
- Time multiplier k 0.05 – 20.0, except
0.50 – 20.0 for RXIDG, IEEE and IEEE2
Start time Typically 30 ms

Reset time <95 ms
Retardation time < 50 ms
Reset ratio 0.97
Transient over-reach, any τ < 10 %
Inaccuracy:
- Starting ±3% of the set value or 5 mA secondary
- Operate time at definite time function ±1% or ±25 ms
- Operate time at IDMT function ±5% or at least ±25 ms**
222 V59/en M/A010

Table 12.21: Overcurrent stage I>> (50/51)

Operate time 0.04 – 1800.00 s (step 0.01 s)

Reset time <95 ms
Reset ratio 0.97
Transient over-reach, any τ < 10 %
Inaccuracy: -
- Operate time ±1% or ±25 ms
Table 12.22: Overcurrent stages I>>> (50/51)

Operate time 0.03 – 300.00 s (step 0.01 s)

Instant operate time: -
IM / ISET ratio > 1.5 <30 ms
IM / ISET ratio 1.03 – 1.5 < 50 ms

Reset time <95 ms
Reset ratio 0.97
Inaccuracy:
- Operate time DT (IM/ISET ratio > 1.5) ±1% or ±15 ms
- Operate time DT (IM/ISET ratio 1.03 – 1.5) ±1% or ±25 ms
Table 12.23: Thermal overload stage T> (49)

Maximum continuous current: 0.1 – 2.40 x IN (step 0.01)
Alarm setting range: 60 – 99 % (step 1%)
Time constant Tau: 2 – 180 min (step 1)
Cooling time coefficient: 1.0 – 10.0 x Tau (step 0.1)
Max. overload at +40°C 70 – 120 %IMODE (step 1)
Max. overload at +70°C 50 – 100 %IMODE (step 1)
Ambient temperature -55 – 125°C (step 1°)
Resetting ratio (Start & trip) 0.95
Accuracy: -
- Operate time ±5% or ±1 s
V59/en M/A010 223

Table 12.24: Current unbalance stage I2/I1> (46)

Settings: -
- Setting range I2 / I1> 2 – 70% (step 1%)

Definite time function: -

Reset time < 450 ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Inaccuracy: -
- Starting ±1% - unit
Table 12.25: Earth fault stage I0> (50N/51N)

Input signal I0 (input X1:7 – 8 or input X1:7 – 9)
I0Calc (= IL1 + IL2 + IL3)

Pick-up value 0.005 – 8.00 pu (when I0) (step 0.001)
0.05 – 20.0 pu (when I0Calc)

- Operate time 0.04** – 300.00 s (step 0.01 s)
IDMT function:
- Curve type EI, VI, NI, LTI, MI..., depends on the family*
0.50 – 20.0 for RXIDG, IEEE and IEEE2

Reset time <95 ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Inaccuracy:
- Starting ±2% of the set value or ±0.3% of the rated
value
- Starting (Peak mode) ±5% of the set value or ±2% of the rated
value (Sine wave <65 Hz)
224 V59/en M/A010

Table 12.26: Earth fault stages I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>> (50N/51N)

Input signal I0 (input X1:7 – 8 or input X1:7 – 9)

Pick-up value 0.01 – 8.00 pu (When I0) (step 0.01)
0.05 – 20.0 pu (When I0Calc) (step 0.01)


Reset time <95 ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Inaccuracy:
- Starting ±2% of the set value or ±0.3% of the rated
value
- Starting (Peak mode) ±5% of the set value or ±2% of the rated
value (Sine wave <65 Hz)
V59/en M/A010 225

12.3.3 Directional current protection

Table 12.27: Directional earth fault stages I0φ>, I0φ>> (67N)
Pick-up value 0.005 – 20.00 x I0N (up to 8.00 for inputs other
than I0Calc)
Start voltage 1 – 50 %U0N (step 1%)
Input signal I0 (input X1:7 – 8 or X1:7 – 9)

Mode Non-directional/Sector/ResCap
Base angle setting range -180° – 179°
Operation angle ±88°
IDMT function:
- Curve type EI, VI, NI, LTI, MI…, depends on the family*
0.50 – 20.0 for RI, IEEE and IEEE2

Reset time <95 ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Reset ratio (angle) 2°
Inaccuracy:
- Starting U0 & I0 (rated value In= 1 – 5A) ±3% of the set value or ±0.3% of the rated
value
- Starting U0 & I0 (Peak Mode when, rated ±5% of the set value or ±2% of the rated value
value I0n= 1 – 10A) (Sine wave <65 Hz)
- Starting U0 & I0 (I0Calc) ±3% of the set value or ±0.5% of the rated
value
- Angle ±2° when U> 1V and I0> 5% of I0N or > 50 mA
else ±20°
12.3.4 Circuit-breaker failure protection CBFP (50BF)

Table 12.28: Circuit-breaker failure protection CBFP (50BF)
Relay to be supervised T1, T2, T3 and T4

Inaccuracy -
- Operate time ±100 ms
226 V59/en M/A010

12.3.5 Magnetising inrush 68F2

Table 12.29: Magnetising inrush 68F2
Settings: -
- Pick-up value 10 – 100 % (step 1%)

Inaccuracy: -
- Starting ±1% - unit
NOTE: The amplitude of second harmonic content has to be at least 2% of the nominal
of CT. If the moninal current is 5 A, the 100 Hz component needs to exceed 100
mA.
12.3.6 Over exicitation 68F5

Table 12.30: Over exicitation 68F5
Settings: -
- Setting range over exicitation 10 – 100 % (step 1%)

Inaccuracy: -
- Starting ±2%- unit
NOTE: The amplitude of fifth harmonic content has to be at least 2% of the nominal of
CT. If the moninal current is 5 A, the 250 Hz component needs to exceed 100 mA.
V59/en M/A010 227

12.3.7 Digital input / output card (option)

Table 12.31: Digital input / output card (option)
Number of digital inputs 4 (5)
External operating voltage Voltage selectable in order code (same as
DI nominal voltage for the relay):
1: 24 dc/ac (max 265 V)*
2: 110 dc/ac (max 265 V)*
3: 220 dc/ac (max 265 V)*

Current drain, when active Approx. 3 mA
Number of digital outputs (1)
Voltage withstand 265 V dc/ac
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry 3 s 15 A

Breaking capacity. DC ( L/R = 40 ms) -
at 48 V dc: 1.0 A
at 110 V dc: 0.44 A
at 220 V dc: 0.22 A

Terminal block Maximum wire dimension:
Phoenix MVSTBW or equivalent 2.5 mm2 (13 – 14 awg)
* set dc/ac mode according to the used voltage in VAMPSET.
NOTE: Approximately 2 mA of current is going trough the T5 (X6:1 & X6:2) circuit even
when used as a digital output. This has to be noticed when T5 is used with certain
type of applications (if 2 mA is enough to control for example a breaker).
228 V59/en M/A010

12.3.8 Arc fault protection (option)

1. 2S+BIO
The operation of the arc protection depends on the setting value of
the ArcI> and ArcI0> current limits.
The arc current limits cannot be set, unless the relay is provided with
the optional arc protection card.
Table 12.32: Arc protection stage ArcI> (50ARC), ArcI0> (50NARC)
Pick-up value 0.5 – 10.0 x IN
Arc sensor connection: S1, S2, S1/S2, BI, S1/BI, S2/BI, S1/S2/BI
- Operate time (Light only) S1, S2, S1/S2
- Operate time (4 x ISET + light) 13 ms
- Operate time (Delayed Arc L>) 17ms
0.01 – 0.15 s
Reset time <95 ms
Reset time (Delayed ARC L) <120 ms
Reset time (BO) < 85 ms
Reset ratio 0.90
Inaccuracy: -
- Starting 10% of the set value
- Operate time ±5 ms
- Delayed ARC light ±10 ms
2. 3S+BIO
The operation of the arc protection depends on the setting value of
the I>int and I0>int current limits.
The arc current limits cannot be set, unless the relay is provided with
the optional arc protection card.
Table 12.33: Advanced arc protection stage
Pick-up value 0.5 – 10.0 x IN for I>
0.1 – 5.0 x IN for I0>

Arc sensor connection S1, S2, S3, BI, GOOSE
- Operate time 7 ms
Inaccuracy: -
- Under nominal current 2.5% of nominal
- Over nominal current 2.5% of measurement
V59/en M/A010 229

12.4 Supporting functions 12 Technical data
12.4 Supporting functions

**) This is the instantaneous time i.e. the minimum total operational time including the
fault detection time and operation time of the trip contacts.
Table 12.34: Disturbance recorder (DR)

Mode of recording Saturated / Overflow
Sample rate:
- Waveform recording 32/cycle, 16/cycle, 8/cycle
- Trend curve recording 10, 20, 200 ms
1, 5, 10, 15, 30 s
1 min
Recording time (one record) 0.1 s – 12 000 min (According recorder set-
ting)
Pre-trigger rate 0 – 100%
Number of selected channels 0 – 12
The recording time and the number of records depend on the time setting and the
number of selected channels.
Table 12.35: Inrush current detection
Cold load settings: -
- Idle current 0.01 – 0.50 x IN
- Pickup current 0.30 – 10.00 x IN
- Maximum time 0.01** – 300.00 s (step 0.01 s)

Inrush settings: -
- Pickup for 2nd harmonic 0 – 99 %
Table 12.36: Current transformer supervision

IMAX> setting 0.00 – 10.00 x IN (step 0.01)
IMIN< setting 0.00 – 10.00 x IN (step 0.01)

Definite time function: DT

Reset time < 60 ms
Reset ratio IMAX> 0.97
Reset ratio IMIN< 1.03

Inaccuracy: -
- Activation ±3% of the set value
230 V59/en M/A010

13 Mounting
13 Mounting
PANEL MOUNTING VAMP 50 SERIES
mm
in 158 128 213 80
6.22 5.04 8.39 3.15
Vamp 50 series
137 OK
171 186
5.39 6.73 7.32
F1 F2
9.0
82 0.35
1 3 3.23
9.0 5.0
0.2
0.35
9.5
0.37
series
Vamp 50
120 2
4.72
OK
F2
139
5.47
F1
series
Vamp 50
OK
1
0.0 .0-10 F1
F2
4-
0.3
9
>2
0
0.79
series
Vamp 50
series
Vamp 50
OK
F2
F1
OK
F2
F1
V59/en M/A010 231

13 Mounting
VAMP 50 SERIES (DEFAULT SIZE) WALL MOUNTING FRAME TYPE V50WAF
V50WAF
1
1a
Vamp 52
OK
1c F1
F2
2 1b
185
mm 7.28 32
in 1 21
32 1.26
4.76
1.26
OK
F2
F1
1 20
4.72
3 4
OK
F2
F1
OK
F2
F1
232 V59/en M/A010

14 Order information
When ordering, please state:
• Type designation:
• Quantity:
• Accessories (see respective ordering code):
V59 - - Line Differential Protection Relay
Relay type
= Default
Phase current inputs [A]

3 = 1A / 5A
Earth-fault current input [A]

A = 1A / 5A
B = 0.2A /1A
Nominal Supply Voltage [V]

A = Power A 48 - 230 V (40.. 265Vac/dc)
B = Power B 24 V (18.. 36Vdc)
mA output option
A = None
B = mA output
DI nominal voltage
1 = 24 VDC / 110 VAC
2 = 110 VDC / 220VAC
3 = 220 VDC
Optional I/O extension modules

A = None (***
B = 4xDI + 1xDI/DO
C = Arc (2 x Arc sensor + BIO)
D = Advanced arc (3 x Arc sensor + BIO)
Optional communication module 1

A = None
L = RS-232 remote port inteface and support for module 2
M = RS-232 remote port interface with IRIG B and extension port and support for module 2
Optional communication module 2

A = None
B = IRIG-B time syncronisation input (*
C = RTD interface (Glass fibre) (*
E = RJ-45 10Mbps ethernet interface inc. IEC 61850 (*
G = LC 100Mbps ethernet fibre interface inc. IEC 61850 (*
Note:
(* Option available only with communication module 1: L and M
Note: (* Option available only with communication module 1: L and

M
V59/en M/A010 233

Accessories
Order code Description Note
VSE001GG Fibre optic Interface Module (glass - glass) Max. distance 1 km (0.63 miles)
3P032 WESTERMO ODW-720-F1 (Base module)
3P033 WESTERMO SLC20 (1310 nm) Max. distance 20 km (12.43 miles)
VX063 RS232 converter cable for WESTERMO ODW-720-F1 Cable length 3 m (9.85 ft)
3P014 MOXA TCF-90 Max. distance 40 km (24.86 miles)
VX048 RS232 converter cable for MOXA TCF-90 Cable length 3 m (9.85 ft)
3P022 MOXA TCF-142-S-ST Max. distance 40 km (24.86 miles)
VX062 RS232 converter cable for MOXA TCF-142-S-ST Cable length 3 m (9.85 ft)
VX052-3 USB programming cable (VAMPSET) Cable length 3 m (9.85 ft)
VX044 Interface cable to VIO 12 (RTD module) Cable length 2 m (6.57 ft)
VIO 12 AA RTD Module, 12 x RTD inputs, Optical Tx Communication
(24-230 Vac/dc)
VIO 12 AC RTD/mA Module, 12 x RTD inputs, PTC, mA inputs/outputs,
RS232, RS485 and Optical Tx/Rx Communication (24 Vdc)
VIO 12 AD RTD/mA Module, 12 x RTD inputs, PTC, mA inputs/outputs,
RS232, RS485 and Optical Tx/Rx Communication (48-230
Vac/dc)
VA 1 DA-6 Arc sensor Cable length 6 m (19.69 ft)
VA 1 DA-20 Arc sensor Cable length 20 m (65.62 ft)
V50WAF V50 wall assembly frame
234 V59/en M/A010

15 Firmware revision
10.xx Maximum rated power increased to 400000 kVA from 200000 kVA
Support for two instances of TCP protocols on Ethernet port
Virtual output events added
Ethernet/IP: mapping extensions (ExtDOs, ExtAOs and ExtAIs alarms)
“get/set” added to communication ports’ protocol lists
VTZsecondary VTysecondary added to scaling menu
Phasor diagrams added for synchrocheck
First version for VAMP 59

10.97 Autoreclose:
• when two CB's are used and both closed, AR is blocked
• start counter is not increased after manual CB close
2nd harmonic blocking stage added
5th harmonic blocking stage added
Intermediate transformer parameters added to HMI
LdI>> hysteresis changed from 5% to 3%

10.106 GOOSE supervision signals added
Automatic LED latch release added
Disturbance recorder full event added

10.108 Use of recorder memory in percents added
Various additions to IEC 61850

10.116 IP and other TCP parameters are able to change without reboot
Logic output numbering is not changed when changes are made in the logic
NOTE! Vampset version 2.2.97 required

10.118 Enable sending of analog data in GOOSE message
Day light saving (DST) rules added for system clock
HMI changes:
• Order of the first displays changed, 1.measurement, 2. mimic, 3. title
• timeout does not apply if the first 3 displays are active
10.122 Stages renamed:
• If2> = MAGNETISING INRUSH 68F2
• If5> = OVER EXCITATION 68F5
• P< = DIRECTIONAL POWER 32
• P<< = DIRECTIONAL POWER 32
V59/en M/A010 235

20.105 - 30ms mode for I>>> stage
- 61850 File Transfer
- Support for folder view
- Output relays' labels also editable
- Protection stage start/trip added to disturbance recorder
- Ansi code for I2>> changed to 47, was 46
- I>: Pick-up limit setting minimum value changed from 0.10 to 0.05
- I0Dir>>> with 10ms priority
236 V59/en M/A010

Customer Care Centre
http://www.schneider-electric.com/CCC
© 2018 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.
Schneider Electric
35 rue Joseph Monier

92500 Rueil-Malmaison
FRANCE
Phone: +33 (0) 1 41 29 70 00

Fax: +33 (0) 1 41 29 71 00
www.schneider-electric.com Publishing: Schneider Electric

Publication version: V59/en M/A010 01/2018

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Line differential protection relay

Publication version: V59/en M/A010

2 Local panel user interface ...................................................... 14

3 VAMPSET PC software ........................................................... 43

5 Protection functions ............................................................... 48

6 Supporting functions .............................................................. 121

7 Measurement functions .......................................................... 149

8 Control functions .................................................................... 158

9 Communication and protocols .............................................. 177

10.2 Trip circuit supervision ..................................................... 188

12 Technical data ..........................................................................215

13 Mounting .................................................................................. 231

14 Order information ....................................................................233

15 Firmware revision ....................................................................235

1.1 Legal notice

1.2 Safety information

1.3 EU directive compliance

Compliance with the European Commission's EMC Directive. Product

Compliance with the European Commission's Low Voltage Directive.

1.4 Periodical testing

*) xxxx = revision number

1.6 Relay features

Further the relay includes a disturbance recorder. Arc protection is

60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 61850, SPA bus, Ethernet / IP

1.6.1 User interface

Q Reactive power. Unit = [var] acc. IEC

2 Local panel user interface

2.1 Relay front panel

Navigation push-button function

programmable function push-button. As default F1 toggles Virtual Input 1 (VI1) On/Off

programmable function push-button. As default F2 toggles Virtual Input 2 (VI2) On/Off

ENTER push-button for activating or confirming a function.

Adjusting LCD contrast

Resetting latched indicators and output relays

Figure 2.1: Sections of the LCD dot matrix display

1. Freely configurable single-line diagram

Figure 2.2: Sections of the LCD dot matrix display

1. Main menu column

2.1.2 Adjusting display contrast

2.2 Local panel operations

Main menu Submenus

Prot protection enabling

moving in the menus_relay

Figure 2.3: Moving in the menus using local HMI

• To move in the main menu, push or .

A list of the local main menu

Main menu Number of menus Description ANSI code Note

1. Configuration is done with VAMPSET

2. Recording files are read with VAMPSET

4. The menu is visible only if the stage is enabled.

5. Objects are circuit breakers, disconnectors etc.

7. Detailed protocol configuration is done with VAMPSET.

2.2.1 Menu structure of protection functions

Figure 2.4: First menu of I>> 50/51 stage

Figure 2.5: Second menu(next on the right) of I>> 50/51 stage

This is the main setting menu.