Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 91 views

    Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A

    Uploaded by

    Haytham Kenway
    The document describes experiments to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase transformer using open circuit and short circuit tests. The open circuit test is conducted with the secondary open to determine magnetizing branch parameters like resistance Rc and reactance Xm. The short circuit test is done with the secondary shorted to find equivalent resistance Req and reactance Xeq. These simple tests allow determining the transformer parameters without fully loading it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A

    Uploaded by

    Haytham Kenway
    91 views18 pages
    The document describes experiments to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase transformer using open circuit and short circuit tests. The open circuit test is conducted with the secondary open to determine magnetizing branch parameters like resistance Rc and reactance Xm. The short circuit test is done with the secondary shorted to find equivalent resistance Req and reactance Xeq. These simple tests allow determining the transformer parameters without fully loading it.

    Original Title

    Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit parameters of a

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes experiments to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase transformer using open circuit and short circuit tests. The open circuit test is conducted with the secondary open to determine magnetizing branch parameters like resistance Rc and reactance Xm. The short circuit test is done with the secondary shorted to find equivalent resistance Req and reactance Xeq. These simple tests allow determining the transformer parameters without fully loading it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views18 pages

    Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A

    Uploaded by

    Haytham Kenway
    The document describes experiments to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase transformer using open circuit and short circuit tests. The open circuit test is conducted with the secondary open to determine magnetizing branch parameters like resistance Rc and reactance Xm. The short circuit test is done with the secondary shorted to find equivalent resistance Req and reactance Xeq. These simple tests allow determining the transformer parameters without fully loading it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Experiment No:02

    Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit


    parameters of a Single-phase Transformer
    Introduction
    • For the performance analysis of
    a transformer, a circuit model is
    needed and it should include:
    core losses, winding losses,
    magnetizing current and all
    leakage magnetic fluxes.
    Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of a transformer
    • It can be shown that the
    equivalent circuit in Fig. 1 fully
    represents all these effects.
    Introduction
    • The resistance Rp represents the
    ohmic resistance of the primary
    winding and Rs of the secondary
    winding.
    • The reactance Xp and Xs model the
    leakage flux of the primary and
    secondary windings, respectively.
    • The resistance Rc is responsible
    forthe core losses due to hysteresis Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of a transformer
    and eddy currents, and
    • Xm for the generation of the main
    flux (magnetising reactance).
    Introduction

    Fig. 2. The transformer model referred to the primary voltage level

    • a= turns ratio
    • Req=Rp+𝑎2 Rs=total ohmic resistance with respect to primary
    • Xeq=Xp+𝑎2 Xs=total leakage reactance with respect to primary
    Introduction
    • The above parameters can be easily determined by two tests
    - Open circuit test (O.C test / No load test)
    - Short circuit test (S.C test/Impedance test)
    • These tests are economical and convenient
    • These tests furnish the result without actually loading the
    transformer
    Open-circuit Test
    • In Open Circuit Test the transformer’s secondary winding is open-
    circuited, and its primary winding is connected to a full-rated line
    voltage.
    • Usually conducted on H.V side
    • To find
    (i) No load loss or core loss
    (ii) No load current Io which is helpful in finding Rc and Xm
    Short-circuit Test
    • In Short Circuit Test the secondary terminals are short circuited, and the
    primary terminals are connected to a fairly low-voltage source
    • The input voltage is adjusted until the current in the short circuited
    windings is equal to its rated value. The input voltage, current and
    power is measured.
    • Usually conducted on L.V side
    • To find
    (i) Full load copper loss – to pre determine the efficiency
    (ii) Req and Xeq to predetermine the voltage regulation
    Finding Req and Xeq
    • For the determination of the ohomic resistance (Req) and leakage
    reactance (Xeq), first we have to determine the power factor of open
    circuit condition and it is done by using equation (3)
    𝑃𝑠
    𝑃𝐹 = (3)
    𝑉𝑠∗𝐼𝑠
    where, Ps= wattmeter reading, Vs= voltmeter reading, Is= Ammeter
    reading.
    After that, we have to calculate impedance by using following equation
    𝑉𝑠
    𝑍= ∠ cos −1 𝑃𝐹 (4)
    𝐼𝑠
    =Req+jXeq
    Required Apparatus
    • Single-phase transformer(220V/ 110V)
    • Variable AC source (Variac)
    • Two Digital multimeters
    • Analog/ Digital AC wattmeters
    Circuit Diagram

    Fig. 3 Connection for transformer open–circuit test.


    Circuit Diagram

    Fig. 4 Connection for transformer short–circuit test.


    Procedure
    Open Circuit Test
    Connect the apparatus as shown in Figure 3. Apply the rated input
    voltage to the primary winding and measure input voltage, current,
    power, and output voltage.
     Starting from Vo =100V turn the variac knob and slowly increase the
    input voltage. Complete all the data in Table 1.
    Determine the parameters of the magnetising branch using
    Equations (1) to (2).
    Procedure

    • Short-circuit the secondary winding through an ammeter as shown in


    Figure 4.
    • Slowly and gradually increase the applied voltage and carefully watch
    the primary and secondary currents. Measurements and calculations
    ratio should be done for short circuit current values specified in Table
    2.
    • Calculate the short circuit impedance as measured from the primary
    using Equations (3) to (4).
    • Complete all the measurements and calculations in Table 2.
    Data Table
    Table 2. Transformer Short circuit test measurements and
    calculations.
    Ammeter Voltmeter Wattmeter 𝑷𝒔 𝑽𝒔 Req Xeq
    pf= Zo= 𝑰𝒔 ∠ cos −1 𝑷𝒇
    Reading (Is) Reading (Vs) Reading (Ps) 𝑽𝒔∗𝑰𝒔 (ohm) (ohm)
    (V) (A) (W)
    Discussion
    Questions
    • What are the approximations of open circuit and short circuit tests?
    • Why open circuit test is performed in the high-tension side whereas
    short circuit test is performed in the low-tension side?

    You might also like