Subject: Practical Research 2

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 ABM
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 5

Dear Student,

Welcome to the PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Course offered by The

University of the Cordilleras, Integrated School, Senior High School. This
course module emphasizes on self-directed, research-based, and
outcome-based learning. The key in successfully passing this subject lies in
your commitment in learning and complying with the requirements. It is our
desire that you pass this subject fully equipped with the necessary 21st
Century skills. This module was designed to provide you with a fun and
meaningful learning experiences and opportunities. You will be enabled to
process the content of this module while being an active learner.

Enjoy and maximize the learning while in your own homes.

In this module, you will be encountering the following parts and icons. (Parts depending per subject)

This part enumerates the objectives of the module. This part shall give
TARGET you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to
acquire upon completion of this module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already
TESTER know about the lesson to take.

In this portion, a new lesson will be introduced. This section provides a

TEACHING discussion of the lesson. This section aims to help you explore and
understand new concepts and skills.

This involves the reflective part of the module. It contains various

TAKE AWAY activities that will allow you to reflect and state what you have
learned.

This is the assessment presented at the end of each module. This

section aims to check how much have you learned from the module.
TOUCHSTONE This will also evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 ABM
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 5

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

OBJECTIVES

After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to:

1. know the elements of findings, conclusion and recommendations;

2. discuss ways of analyzing and presenting data;
3. synthesize the research to come up with the conclusion; and
4. come up with the recommendation for future researchers and
practitioners.

CONTENT

1. Analysis and Presentation of Data

2. Conclusion and Recommendations

LECTURES

CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

This module helps the students in the presentation and analysis of the results based on
the data gathered.

In addition, it also shows to conclude and what to recommend based on the findings of
the research.

It is to be noted then that students could only understand and discuss this module if they
are able to gather their data. It would be difficult to venture in this one without at least an
initial data to write and analyze.

I. DATA ANALYSIS

Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical

techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. While
data analysis in qualitative research can include statistical procedures, many times
analysis becomes an ongoing iterative process where data is continuously collected and
analyzed almost simultaneously.

An essential component of ensuring data integrity is the accurate and appropriate

analysis of research findings. Improper analyses distort scientific findings, mislead casual
leaders, and may negatively influence the public perception of research. Integrity issues
are just as relevant to analysis of non-statistical data as well.
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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 ABM
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 5

A. Analyzing Quantitative Data

1. Data Preparation

It aims to convert raw data into something meaningful and readable. It includes
four steps:

Step 1: Data Validation. The purpose of data validation is to find out, as far as
possible, whether the data collection was done as per the pre-set standards and
without nay bias. It is a four – step process, which includes:

Step 2: Data Editing. To make sure that there are no such errors, the researcher
should conduct basic data checks, check for outliers, and edit the raw research
data to identify and clear out any data points that may hamper the accuracy
of the results.

Step 3: Data Coding. It refers to grouping and assigning values to responses from
the survey.

2. Data Analysis Method

It helps researchers summarize the data and find patterns for analysis.

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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 ABM
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 5

B. Analyzing Qualitative Data

1. Data Preparation
Analysis and preparation happen in parallel and include the following steps:

4
 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 ABM
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 5

2. Data Analysis Method

Several methods are available to analyze qualitative data. The most commonly
used data analysis methods are:

Content Analysis. Is usually used to analyze responses form interviewees.

Narrative Analysis. It focuses on using the stories and experiences shared by
people to answer the research questions.
Discourse Analysis. It focuses on analyzing the social context in which the
communication between the researcher and the respondent occurred.
Grounded Theory. This refers to using qualitative data to explain a certain
phenomenon happened.

II. PRESENTATION OF DATA

The presentation of result section should provide details of all the gathered data
that are required to support the conclusions of the research paper. There should be a
one-to-one correspondence of the problems, results, and discussion (i.e. problem 1
should be answered by result 1). In summary, the results section aims to answer the
question, “What did I observe/obtain?”.

✓ It is a good idea to rely on tables to present the information, especially for

quantitative research. The tables should be clearly labeled and should include
captions that outline the results without drawing any conclusions.

✓ Before presenting a table, a short description of the question sought and what
the table shows in respect of the statement of the problem shall be discussed
here.

✓ Narrative descriptions of salient findings from the data are discussed before the
tabular presentation of data.

✓ It is not the amount of data presented, but how meaningful the data are that
counts. This can be presented by highlighting the significant patterns/trends that
could provide answers to the problem and objectives of the research.

✓ For qualitative studies, present only what has been discovered “as is”, without the
researcher’s opinions or critique. However, you may synthesize based on the
themes that will be generated from the verbatim responses coming from the
participant interviews or fieldworks results.

5
 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 ABM
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 5

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION

Conclusions are generalizations based on major findings. These are not repetitions of the
major findings. These should be presented on a one-on-one correspondence with the findings
based on specific research problems.

✓ This section discusses the final worth of the research, its implications and usefulness. This
section should be presented in a paragraph form.

✓ Summarize the results in words rather than numbers and elaborate on the extent to
which the objectives of the study were met.

✓ Do not include information from a literature search. Instead, focus on the primary
conclusions of the study. Interpret the results for the audience; do not leave any results
unexplained. Scientific writing cannot be left open for interpretation.

✓ Be sure to avoid over-interpreting the results and make general conclusions that cannot
be justifiably derived from the parameters of the study.

RECOMMENDATIONS

After presenting the conclusions, it is logical to see the implications of the research based
on what was found and the study limitations. Recommendations shall be made vis-à-vis
findings of the study. Again, the sequence of the recommendations shall follow that of the
major findings, but not necessarily presented in a bullet form.

✓ Recommendations on how to benefit from the findings should be presented. After these
have been mentioned, other recommendations that may be offshoots of the findings
shall be included.

✓ All recommendations shall contain some specifics, focused on the “how” aspect and
why such recommendations are needed.

✓ You may recommend further studies regarding the problem at hand and areas which
were not fully addressed in the current study (e.g. similar studies can be done beyond
the limitation of your study).

REFERENCES

Practical Research: A Step-by-Step Guidebook for the SHS and Beyond, Galanza et
al, 2018.

https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/n_illinois_u/datamanagement/datopic.html
#:~:text=Data%20Analysis

https://humansofdata.atlan.com/2018/09/qualitative-quantitative-data-analysis-
methods/