The Little PDF of Implant Wisdom
The Little PDF of Implant Wisdom
The Little PDF of Implant Wisdom
Super Simple
Implant Treatment Planning
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Introduction
Treatment planning single implant procedures can be quite simple.
Sure, some implant topics are complicated but single implants where there
is enough bone and low risk factors, is a piece of cake.
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5 steps
I’m going to take you through 5 levels of questioning that you can use to
pretty much plan any single implant case.
No fluff.
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#1 Bone Height
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“QUESTION: How
much bone height do
i need?”*
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How does that height look? I know you don’t
know the exact measurements right now, but
you should try to get good at estimating heights
based off of adjacent teeth roots. This will help
you work-up the case quick fast.
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See how deep this one is? Totally unnecessary. A shorter implant could
have been placed. 8mm in length is sufficient.
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Now THAT’S better. We had only 8mm in length. I placed an 8mm
implant and allowed it to engage the floor of the sinus.
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Can I go shorter?
Shorter implants can sometimes be a good alternative. I’m not saying it’s
not an option. It is ALWAYS possible to make an argument for this or that
exception.
The point of this guide is to give you some solid rules of thumb that will
help you land in a predictable and safe zone. Sure, you can push the
envelope if you want. But use these basics as a safety reference and then
use your own judgement.
And, yes, I do use the occasional 6mm implant. If for some reason I can’t
or don’t want to elevate the sinus.
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But what if...
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“You don’t have
enough bone.” *
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“QUESTION: how
much mesio-distal
space do i need?
Answer: 7mm
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You’ll want to measure this at
the adjacent teeth crowns from
contact to contact.
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This one is a little tricky
because there is definitely
enough bone between the root
and the implant but it is a bit
narrow between the crown and
the adjacent tooth.
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But what if...
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“You don’t have
enough mesio-distal
space.”
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Exceptions:
Its okay to have 6mm of
mesio-distal space for Maxillary
laterals, mandibular centrals and
laterals.
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#3 Bucco-lingual width
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“QUESTION: how
wide should a one’s
bone be? Just
wondering…”*
Answer: 7mm
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Bone Sounding
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Bone Sounding
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But what if...
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“You don’t have
enough
bucco-lingual width.”
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Exceptions:
It’s okay to have 6mm of
bucco-lingual width for Maxillary
laterals, mandibular centrals of
laterals.
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Think that was too easy?
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Alright cool guy, let’s take a look at a case.
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Not so fast pal...
See? This one was a trick question. I still have to share with you
the last measurement to look at when planning these cases.
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#4 Crown Height Space
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“QUESTION: how
much crown height
space do i need?”
Answer: 8-10mm
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You need enough clearance so that you
can fit all of those components inside of
your implant crown. 8-10 is the perfect
amount of space for single crowns.
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But bigger is not necessarily better.
There is no difference in
stress distribution for
different crown heights.
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Moraes, S et al 2013
Stresses applied like this
(non-axial aka oblique load) lead
to different stress distribution in
the different crown heights.
- Screw Loosening
- Screw Fracture
- Abutment Fracture
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Moraes, S et al 2013
In this case we essentially had NO crown height space. That
implant would have gone unrestored and the patient would
have been pretty upset to say the least...
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But what if...
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“You don’t have
enough crown height
space.”
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#5 Stable Occlusion
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So, once upon a time…
I worked at an office that was super fast paced. (You know what i’m talking
about)
The treatment planning coordinator rattled off some things about insurance
and patient is taking a vacation or whatever. (I hate it when these external
factors confuse the true clinical decisions…)
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Anyhow, I quickly assessed the site and decided that there was
enough bone height and width and mesiodistal space.
The implant healed no problem and I was worry free for 4 months.
The patient came back to restore the implant and easily took
impressions.
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The patient came back with the abutment/crown broken in
these two pieces.
What happened?
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This is the crown
Well, this what what the patient looked like. I had made
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Here’s a closer look.
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Some of the best advice I got was from an old prosthodontist
was,
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...anyway to have a successful outcome,
you must first properly assess the remaining dentition.
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So here’s a list of all of the items we covered. Keep them top
of mind when treatment planning implants and you’ll avoid a
lot of potential issues!!
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Part 2: Implant Surgery
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Now, I could spend a lot of effort trying to
explain implant surgery to you with pictures.
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Lucky for you, my
Youtube Channel
exists.
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Question: Should I
take x rays during
the surgery?
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Answer: Hell yes.
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It’s time to restore!!
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Not so fast, spongebob.
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How long is “long enough”
you ask?
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Here’s a good rule of thumb:
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If your site looks something like
THIS...
damn son...
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You’re going to have to do some digging
and “uncover” the implant.
(this is often called a “phase 2” appointment.
Intermediate
2. Everything is fully buried
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Let’s look at the first scenario:
The cover screw can be seen through the tissue so you know
exactly where the implant is. This is pretty easy peasy...lemon
squeezie.
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In these cases where you can
actually see the cover screw,
you can simply apply local
anesthesia and cut a little
window with a 15 Blade.
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After removing the tissue, and
the cover screw, place a healing
abutment onto the implant.
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Sometimes you can remove the
cover screw without doing any
cutting.
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Some minor tissue removal is
often all it takes to access the
cover screw. This picture isn’t
pretty but it got the job done...
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Let’s look at the second scenario:
In these, the gingiva has grown over the implant and you have
to find it. Sure, you have to cut the gums and reflect a small
flap, but it’s not very difficult to do.
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Finding the Implant Site
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Then you take the cover screw
off, put a sterilized healing
abutment on and then wait 2
weeks before taking the final
impressions.
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Now, let’s look at the final scenario
Efffff...
Difficulty level??
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(Terry Crews level extreme)
OK OK in all seriousness, it’s not THAT hard.
It’s still totally doable.*
You just have to have the right tools and have enough time
and patience to remove some of the bone that’s covering
the implant.
First, give some anesthetic at the site where the implant was
placed. I use septocaine and I inject all along the ridge.
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I am cutting into the sulci of the teeth. You can also choose to
do a papilla sparing design to help preserve the papillae. I
didn’t have much mesio-distal space here and I didnt want to
cut the adjacent teeth’s papilla to thin and risk loosing it.
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Then I reflect the flap to the buccal. I do this carefully. The
more conservative I am with the tissue, the less I disrupt the
vasculature and less changes I make to the papilla.
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Sometimes bone grows over the implant. My go-to, is to use
the periosteal elevator to scrape some of that bone off from
the cover screw. However, in this case, there was too much
bone overgrowth so...
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I had to resort to using the handpiece to carefully remove
some of the bone that was blocking the cover screw. You
have to be SUPER GENTLE here as you can damage the
implant platform. You can also use a smaller bur on an
electric handpiece to have better control.
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Once the cover screw has been removed, make sure you can
secure a healing abutment on the implant.
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Okay, so now your implant
is placed (and uncovered)
and it’s ready to restore!
This is totally you...
I’m ready,
Impressions!
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Taking an Impression
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You might be wondering, do I take open tray impressions
or closed tray? Does it even matter? What am I doing with
my life? Errr, getting off topic there...
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Closed Tray Open Tray
vs
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Which one is better?
For single units, in terms of accuracy it does not matter whether you use open
or closed tray techniques. So use what is most convenient--that’s usually a closed
tray impression technique.
For multiple units, I like to use open tray because I can splint the impression
copings together with light-cured triad, locking them in place.
For patients with small openings, use closed tray impression copings all the
way!
For divergent implants, open tray can be easier to dislodge from the patient’s
mouth.
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That said, no impression coping will save you from this mess. For crazy
divergence, don’t use impression copings. Instead, order NON-ENGAGING
titanium temporary cylinders. Life saver right there. This tip alone is worth $2,000.
Lucky you... You’ll thank me later :)
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Another pearl that will save you one day…
(This tip is $$$)
For patients with small openings it can be nearly impossible to deliver a screw
retained implant crown for a molar.
I’ve even had patients referred to me just to deliver other people’s crowns LOL
If your implant driver and wrench don’t fit in the mouth, just use your implant
handpiece with the little latch attachment insertion tool.
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For a step-by-step
walkthrough of open tray
impressions. Click this
picture and watch the youtube
video I made for you.
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Okay, so lets recap:
implant DONE
uncovery DONEzo
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Part 4: Delivery
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Delivering a Screw Retained Crown
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Removing healing abutment
Some clinicians tap on the
healing abutment with the back of
an intraoral mirror. The sound it
makes can often help you
determine if the implant is stable.
It’s a quick and dirty way to
assess.
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This is what the mirror handle test sounds like. Check out this video to compare what
a problem implant sounds like. Can you tell which one is an issue?
A non integrated implant or a loose abutment on that implant will sound like a dull thud.
Irrigating with Chlorhexidine
Once the healing abutment is
removed, I like to irrigate the
internal aspect of the implant
with chlorhexidine. There is
some evidence to show delayed
healing of wounds with
Chlorhexidine now, so be careful
what you use it for.
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Apply topical anesthetic
I apply topical anesthetic to the tissue
just in case my crown will squish the
tissue and cause pain while inserting.
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Check Seating
Sometimes screw retained
crowns bind on the mesial and
distal aspects. At this point, I
like to make sure the crown
looks properly seated and that
it is not binding anywhere.
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Check your contacts
Use floss to check your
contacts.If one contact is too
tight, it could mean that the
abutment is not properly
seated. Adjust as needed to get
it to seat fully.
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This is what the crown looks
like before going in. It is a
single piece screw retained
crown. The laboratory cements
the entire crown portion onto a
small titanium base to create
this prosthesis.
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Model
This is what the model looks
like. I actually don’t like for the
adjacent teeth to be filled with
resin, like is shown here.
Instead, I like it to be with
regular old die stone--or
digital! :) but oh well.
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After you place the crown, be sure to take an x ray so you can confirm that it
is properly seated. Make sure there is no shadow at the junction!
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Check occlusion
At this point, get your occlusion
so that it is slightly lighter than
the occlusion on the adjacent
teeth. You will adjust it again
after you fully torque it down.
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Torque
If its properly seated, proximal
contacts are good, and
occlusion is good, make sure
to polish the areas you
adjusted and then you can go
ahead and torque it down.
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Torque
Torque values vary depending
on manufacturer
recommendation but are
typically 30-35 Ncm.
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Retorquing
Literature suggests that you should re-torque the screw
after waiting some time. The amount of time is not nailed
down exactly. But 10 minutes is a safe bet. 10 min after
the initial torque, go ahead and torque that screw one
more time.
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Re-check occlusion
Even though you’ve already
adjusted occlusion, check
occlusion again once you have
torqued the crown. You’ll want
to relieve it so that the
occlusion on the implant is
minimal. When the patient
bites down lightly into MI there
should be no occlusion on the
crown.
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Plug the Access
Plug the access hole with a
barrier so that the screw head
does not get damaged if you
ever have to re-access the
hole. I like to use teflon tape. I
used a cotton pellet in this
picture.
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Leave room for composite
Make sure to push the
plugging material down far
enough so that you have
enough room for composite to
bind and not fall out. I like to
leave 3mm of room at least.
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Place composite
Place composite into access
hole and make sure it does not
interfere with occlusion.
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Check occlusion again
Even though you did your
best, the composite is still
probably interfering with the
occlusion. You also want to
check excursive
movements--like when the
patient grinds to the right and
left. Remove those and relieve
any added contacts from the
composite.
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Done!
Polish the composite surface
and...your done!
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Delivering a Cement Retained Crown
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Put the abutment onto the implant. You
have to gently feel it and make sure it
engages into the implant before you go
and tighten it down. This is a learned feel.
It is super important that you make sure it
fully seats.
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Place the crown onto the abutment. See if
the incisal edges match up to where you
wanted them. Does it seem to be seating
properly just at-a-glance?
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You didn’t forget the steps to seating a
crown did you?
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Let’s refresh anyway:
● Check the contacts!
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The nice thing about implants is that the
margins should be perfect because the crowns
are milled precisely to fit the abutment and you
can check this out of the mouth.
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Now that you’ve:
- verified radiographically that the abutment is
seated fully
- You’ve tried on the crown and it seems to
line up well at the incisal edges and has a
reasonable occlusion (you didn’t do your
final occlusion check or any adjustments to
occlusion at this point.)
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After I engage the screwhead with my
fingers, I attach the wrench onto the the
little driver bit.
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Most implant systems have you torque the abutment screw down to about 30 Ncm.
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Then I’ll go ahead and place the
crown on the abutment and check
the occlusion with articulating
paper.
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So at this point, I’m going to adjust
this to eliminate the marks.
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Place some teflon (if you don’t have teflon, use cotton pellets) inside the access hole so
that you don’t get any cement inside accidentally.
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I push it in a little so that I am 100% sure that it is not messing with my
occlusion.
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To help you NOT overfill your crown
with cement, you can use this little
trick.
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Then I mix the cement or just use the little extrusion tip.
I like to use Fuji Cem. I like that it’s radiopaque!
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I fill the crown with cement and
then I plug the little PVS thing
we made into it and it extrudes
the cement. Don’t push TOO
hard or else you might remove
almost all of the cement.
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Then I seat the crown and hold it as it
sets. I then check all the margins with an
implant curette.
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Lastly, recheck your occlusion! Doing most of your adjustment beforehand is
best because then you can polish it outside of the mouth too. But in this case,
I saw that the occlusion was close and I just decided to do the adjustment in
the mouth after I cemented it. It’s a faster way to do it, but less ideal. I used a
zirconium polishing bur after this to get it smooth.
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There are a ton of different types of adjustment burs out there. This is the one
that I used. Use whatever you use for your natural-tooth crowns.
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Question: What if my
screw strips?
“What if yo
momma strips?
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Answer (to Dwight’s question):
I like to use a screw removal kit. It’s
saved my life a couple times. I show how
to use it in this video.
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Part 5: Other
Important Shiznit
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Absolute Contraindications
IV Bisphosphonates
Oral Bisphosphonates sometimes pose little
risk, but IV is no joke. This is a deal breaker
for me.
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Absolute Contraindications
Radiation Therapy
Above 65Gy there is a significant risk for ORN. Trust me you don’t
want ORN. But even at 55Gy I still refer out to an oral surgeon, I like
to keep it predictable for myself. At 55 Gy, the implant is most held in
mechanically NOT by osseointegration.
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Absolute Contraindications
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- Bisphosphonates
- FOSAMAX (Alendronate)
- Zolendronic acid (Reclast or Zometa)
- Didronel
Here’s a list of RED FLAG
- Boniva MEDS I have laminated and
- Aclasta use to screen my patients.
- Atelvia
- Actonel
- Aredia
- Binosto
- Skelid
- Antiresorptive agents:
- Denosumab
- Xgeva
- Prolia
- Antiangiogenic agent used in cancer chemotherapy
- Sunitinib (Sutent)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin)
- Corticosteroid
- Long-term Prednisone with fosamax
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Here’s a list of some of the frequently
prescribed meds...
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Prescriptions
- Amoxicillin
- 500 mg tabs
- Disp: 18 tabs
- 2 g 1 hour prior to surgery
- 1 g 6 hours initial dose
- 1 tab tid for 3 days
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Prescriptions
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Prescriptions
Pain Meds
Anxiety
- Rx: Valium 5 mg
- Disp: 1
- Sig: Take 1 tab 1 hour prior to procedure
- * No driving within 8 hours of taking Valium*
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That’s all for now!
Cheers!
Ivan Chicchon
PS: If you’re looking to learn to place dental implants or even full
arch dental implants, I run an educational program called
Implant Ninja. It’s pretty ass kicking. I know this implant stuff can
be intimidating, but it really can be broken down to be super
intuitive and easy.
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