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    Mechanism Producing Precipitation

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    Umar
    Precipitation occurs in solid or liquid form when air masses are lifted and cooled, allowing water vapor to condense into liquid water droplets. There are three main types of precipitation: cyclonic, convective, and orographic. Cyclonic precipitation results from frontal lifting over a weather front or within a cyclone. Convective precipitation occurs from natural thermal rising of air. Orographic precipitation is caused when air masses are forced upwards by mountains or hills. Precipitation data is used for applications like runoff analysis, groundwater modeling, flood forecasting, and more.

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    Mechanism Producing Precipitation

    Uploaded by

    Umar
    516 views3 pages
    Precipitation occurs in solid or liquid form when air masses are lifted and cooled, allowing water vapor to condense into liquid water droplets. There are three main types of precipitation: cyclonic, convective, and orographic. Cyclonic precipitation results from frontal lifting over a weather front or within a cyclone. Convective precipitation occurs from natural thermal rising of air. Orographic precipitation is caused when air masses are forced upwards by mountains or hills. Precipitation data is used for applications like runoff analysis, groundwater modeling, flood forecasting, and more.

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    Precipitation

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    Precipitation occurs in solid or liquid form when air masses are lifted and cooled, allowing water vapor to condense into liquid water droplets. There are three main types of precipitation: cyclonic, convective, and orographic. Cyclonic precipitation results from frontal lifting over a weather front or within a cyclone. Convective precipitation occurs from natural thermal rising of air. Orographic precipitation is caused when air masses are forced upwards by mountains or hills. Precipitation data is used for applications like runoff analysis, groundwater modeling, flood forecasting, and more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    516 views3 pages

    Mechanism Producing Precipitation

    Uploaded by

    Umar
    Precipitation occurs in solid or liquid form when air masses are lifted and cooled, allowing water vapor to condense into liquid water droplets. There are three main types of precipitation: cyclonic, convective, and orographic. Cyclonic precipitation results from frontal lifting over a weather front or within a cyclone. Convective precipitation occurs from natural thermal rising of air. Orographic precipitation is caused when air masses are forced upwards by mountains or hills. Precipitation data is used for applications like runoff analysis, groundwater modeling, flood forecasting, and more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Precipitation

    Water falling in solid or liquid form e.g. rain, snow, and hail..

    Uses of Precipitation Data


     Runoff estimation analysis
     Groundwater recharge analysis
     Water balance studies of catchments
     Flood analysis for design of hydraulic structures
     Real-time flood forecasting
     low flow studies

    Mechanism Producing Precipitation


    Three mechanisms are needed for formation of precipitation.
    1. Lifting and Cooling - Lifting of air mass to higher altitudes causes cooling of air.
    2. Condensation - conversion of water vapor into liquid droplets.
    3. Droplet Formation - Growth of droplets is required if the liquid water present in a cloud is to
    reach ground against the lifting mechanism of air.

    Types of Precipitation
    Depending upon the way in which the air is lifted and cooled so as to cause precipitation, we have
    three types of precipitation, as given below:

     Cyclonic Precipitation
     Convective Precipitation
     Orographic Precipitation
    Cyclonic Precipitation:
    Cyclonic precipitation is caused by lifting of an air mass due to the pressure difference. Cyclonic
    precipitation may be either frontal or non-frontal cyclonic precipitation.

    1. Frontal precipitation:
    It results from the lifting of warm and moist air on one side of a frontal surface over colder, denser
    air on the other side. A front may be warm front or cold front depending upon whether there is active
    or passive accent of warm air mass over cold air mass.2.

    2. Non-frontal precipitation:
    If low pressure occurs in an area (called cyclone), air will flow horizontally from the surrounding
    area (high pressure), causing the air in the low-pressure area to lift. When the lifted warm-air cools
    down at higher attitude, non-frontal cyclonic precipitation will occur.

    In the case of a cold front, a colder, denser air mass lifts the warm, moist air ahead of it. As the air
    rises, it cools and its moisture condenses to produce clouds and precipitation. Due to the steep slope
    of a cold front, forceful rising motion is often produced, leading to the development of showers and
    occasionally severe thunderstorms.
    In the case of a warm front, the warm, less dense air rises up and over the colder air ahead of the
    front. Again, the air cools as it rises and its moisture condenses to produce clouds and precipitation.
    Warm fronts have a gentler slope and generally move more slowly than cold fronts, so the rising
    motion along warm fronts is much more gradual. Precipitation that develops in advance of a surface
    warm front is typically steady and more widespread than precipitation associated with a cold front.
    Warm front precipitation is generally light to moderate.

    Convective Precipitation
    Convective precipitation is caused by natural rising of warmer, lighter air in colder, denser
    surroundings. Generally, this kind of precipitation occurs in tropics, where on a hot day, the ground
    surface gets heated unequally, causing the warmer air to lift up as the colder air comes to take its
    place. The vertical air currents develop tremendous velocities. Convective precipitation occurs in the
    form of showers of high intensity and short duration.

    Orographic Precipitation
    Orographic precipitation is caused by air masses which strike some natural topographic barriers like
    mountains, and cannot move forward and hence rise up, causing condensation and precipitation. All
    the precipitation we have in Himalayan region is because of this nature. It is rich in moisture because
    of their long travel over oceans.

    Source: https://civilsolution.wordpress.com/category/
    civil-engineering/

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