BINOMIAL

1 THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 1

BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

CLASS : XI CHAPTER : BINOMIAL THEOREM &

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Binomial Co-efficient (c) 7 (d) none of these

1. Which of the following is not true ? Ans. (b)
(a) nCr = nCn–r (b) nCr + nCr–1 = n+1Cr Sol. n + 2 = 210 n -1
n -1
(c) r. Cr = n.
n
Cr -1 n n n
(d) Cr + Cr–1 = Cr+1
Þ ( n + 2 )( n -1) ´ n = 7 ´ 6 ´ 5
Ans. (d)
\ n=5
Sol. n n n+1 n
C r + C r -1 = Cr ¹ C r +1

1 1 x
2. If n is a positive integer; then nC0 is equal to 5. If + = , then x is equal to
8 9 10
(a) n (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) none of these (a) 100 (b) 90
Ans. (c) (c) 170 (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
n
Sol. C0 = 1
1 1 x
Sol. + =
8 9 10
3. If 2nC3 : nC2 : : 44 : 1, then the value of n is
(a) 17 (b) 6 9 +1 x
Þ =
(c) 11 (d) none of these 9 10
Ans. (a)
\ x = 100
2n
C3 44 2n 2 n-2
Sol. n
= Þ ´ = 44
C2 1 3 2n - 3 n 6. If nC3 = nC2, then n is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 3
2n ´ ( 2n -1 )( 2n -2 ) 2
Þ ´ = 44 (c) 5 (d) none of these
6 n ( n -1 ) Ans. (c)
n
4 ( 2n -1 ) Sol. C3 =n C2 \ n = 3 + 2 = 5
Þ ´ 2 = 44
6
7. If nC8 = nC6 , then nC2
44 ´ 6
Þ 2n -1 = = 33 (a) 21 (b) 20
2´ 4
(c) 91 (d) 28
Þ n = 17 Ans. (c)
Sol. We know n = x + y if nCx = nCy
4. If n + 2 = 210 n - 1, then the value of n is equal to Þ n = 8 + 6 = 14
(a) 6 (b)5

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2 THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 2
BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

(c) 14 (d) 21
n 14 ´ 13
C2 = 14 C2 = = 91 Ans. (b)
2
Sol. rCr + r+1Cr + r+2Cr + … + nCr
= r +1Cr +1 + r+1Cr + r+2
Cr + … + nCr
8. If 32C2n–1 = 32Cn–3 , then n =
= r +2Cr +1 + r +2Cr + … + nCr
(a) 10 (b) 9
= nCr +1 + nCr = n+1Cr +1.
(c) 12 (d) 11
Binomial Theorem
Ans. (c)
32
12. The expansion (x + a)n = nC0 xn + nC1 xn–1 a1 + ..... + nCn an is valid
Sol. C2n-1 = 32Cn-3
when n is
Þ 2n - 1 + n - 3 = 32 (a) an integer (b) a natural number
Þ 3n = 36 (c) a rational number (d) none of these
Þ n = 12 Ans. (b)
n
Sol. C r is defined for n Î N
9. If n+1C4 = 9 nC2 , then n =
(a) 10 (b) 9
(c) 12 (d) 11 13. ( x + x 3 - 1) 5 + ( x - x 3 - 1 ) 5 is a polynomial of degree
Ans. (d)
(a) 5 (b) 6
n+1 n
Sol. C 4 = 9 × C2 (c) 7 (d) 8
Ans. (c)
n +1 n n +1 9
Þ = 9× Þ =
(x + ) +(x - )
5 5
4 n-3 2 n -2 12 ´ 1 n -2 x 3 -1 x 3 -1
Sol.

Þ (n +1)(n -2) = 12 ´ 9 \n =11

æ
( ) ( ) ö÷ø
2 4
= 2 ç 5 C 0 x 5 + 5 C2 x 3 x 3 -1 + 5C 4 x × x 3 -1
10. If nCr–1 = 36, nCr = 84 and nCr+1 = 126, then r = è
(a) 1 (b) 2
æ
( ) ( ) ö
2
(c) 3 (d) 4 = 2 ç 5 C0 x 5 + 5 C2 x 3 x 3 -1 + 5 C 4 x x 3 -1 ÷
Ans. (c) è ø

\ degree of the polynomial = 7

n
n
Cr 84 r n-r 7 n-r +1 7
Sol. = Þ = Þ = ...(i)
n
C r -1 36 n 3 r 3 14. The total number of terms in the expansion of
r -1 n - r +1 (x + a)100 + (x – a)100 after simplification is
(a) 202 (b) 51
n (c) 50 (d) None
C r +1 126 n-r 3
n
= Þ = ...(ii) Ans. (b)
Cr 84 r +1 2
Sol. (x + a)100 + (x - a)100
From (i) and (ii) n = 9, r = 3 = 2(100C0 x100 + 100C2 x98.a2 + _____ 100C100 a100)
\ total no. of term = 51.
n n n
11. If C4, C5 and C6 are in A.P., then possible value of n is
(a) 6 (b) 12 15. (1.003)4 is nearly equal to

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(a) 1.012 (b) 1.0012 (c) 45 (d) 55

(c) 0.988 (d) 1.003 Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
7
-7 n n-7æ1ö
Sol. (1.003)4 = (1 + 0.003)4 Sol. Co - efficientof x = C7 .2 .ç ÷
= 4C0.1 + 4C1(0.003) + 4C2(0.003)2 + 4C3(0.003)3 + 4C4(0.003)4 è 3ø

= 1 + 0.012 + 6 ´ 0.000009 + ……. 8

æ1ö
= 1.012. Co-efficientof x -8 =n C8 .2n-8. ç ÷
è 3ø

16. The number of non-zero terms in the expansion of 7 8

n æ1ö æ1ö
C.2n-7. ç ÷ = nC8 .2n-8. ç ÷
è 3ø è 3ø
(
é 1+3 2 x
) + (1- 3 2 x ù is )
9 9

ëê ûú
n -1
(a) 9 (b) 10 æ1ö C n-7
Þ 2´ ç ÷ = n 8 =
(c) 5 (d) None of these è 3ø C7 8
Ans. (c)
\ n = 55
( 1+ 3 2x ) + ( 1- 3 2x )
9 9
Sol.
19. In the expansion of (1 + x)n the coefficient of pth and (p + 1)th
terms are respectively p and q. The p + q =
æ
( ) ( ) ö
2 8
= 2 ç 9 C0 + 9C2 3 2 x + ..... + 9C8 3 2 x ÷ (a) n + 3 (b) n + 1
è ø
(c) n + 2 (d) n
\ no. of terms = 5 Ans. (b)

General Term
6
æ 3 ö
18 20. The coefficient of x3 in ç x 5 + ÷÷ is :
17. The term void of x in the expanion of æç x - 2 ö÷ is
3 ç
è x3 ø
è x ø
(a) 0 (b) 120
(a) 18C6 (b) 18C6 36
(c) 420 (d) 540
(c) 18C12 (d) 18C6 312
Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)

r
18 18- r æ 3 ö r 18 18-3 r n
Sol. t r +1 = Cr x ç - 2 ÷ = (-3) . Cr .x æ 1/3 1 ö
è x ø 21. If the last term in the binomial expansion of ç 2 - ÷ is
è 2ø
\ when r = 6, term will be independent of x. log 3 8
t7 = (-3)6.18C6 = 18C6.36
æ 1 ö
ç 5/3 ÷ , then the 5th term form the beginning is :
è3 ø

18. If the coefficients of x –7 and x –8 to the expansion of (a) 210 (b) 420

n
(c) 103 (d) None of these
æ 1 ö
ç 2 + ÷ are equal then n = Ans. (a)
è 3xø

(a) 56 (b) 15

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9
æ 3 ö
12
22. If rth term in the expansion of æç x 2 + 1 ö÷ is independent of 25. The term independent of x in the expansion of ç 2x - 2 ÷ is
è xø è x ø
x, then r = (a) 33 . 9C3 (b) 26 . 33 9C3
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) –33 . 9C3 (d) –26 . 33 . 9C3
(c) 10 (d) none of these Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
r
Sol. t r +1 = 9C r (2 x)9- r × æç -
3 ö 9
æ1ö
r -1
2 ÷
= Cr × 29- r (-3)r × x 9-3 r
Sol. t r =
12
Cr -1 (x 2 )12-(r -1) × ç ÷ = 12Cr -1 .x 26-2 r-r +1 è x ø
èxø
\ for term independent of x, r = 3
= 12Cr-1 x27-3r t4 = 9C3.26.(-3)3 = -26.33.9C3
\r = 9,
8
æ1 1 - ö
1
26. In the expansion of ç x 3 + x 5 ÷ , the term independent of
12 ç2 ÷
æ x3 2 ö è ø
23. 5th term from the end in the expansion of ç - 2 ÷ is
ç 2 x ÷
è ø x is
(a) T5 (b) T7
(a) – 7920 x–4 (b) 7920 x4
(c) T6 (d) T8
(c) 7920 x–4 (d) –7920 x4
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol. Total no. of term = 13 8- r 8- r r
æ x 1/3 ö
( )
r -
8 -1/5 8 r -8
th th
5 term from the end is 9 term from the beginning T
Sol. r +1 = C rç
ç 2 ÷÷ × x = Cr × 2 ×x 3 5
è ø
4
12 æ x3 ö æ 2 ö8
\ term is C8 ç ÷ ç - 2 ÷
ç 2 ÷ è x ø 8-r r
è ø \ for term independent of x , - =0
3 5
= 7920 x-4. Þ 5(8 - r) = 3r
Þ 8r = 40
24. If the coefficients of (r + 4)th term and (2r + 1)th term in the
expansion of (1 + x)18 are equal, then r =
Þ r=5
(a) 3 (b) 5 \ term is T6 .
(c) 3 or 5 (d) none of these
Ans. (c) 27. The term independent of x in the expansion of

( ) ( )
Sol. Co-efficient of (r + 4)th term = 18Cr+3 -1 8
é t -1 -1 x + t -1 + 1 x -1 ùú is :
Co-efficient of (2r + 1)th term = 18C2r êë û

Q Cr+3 = C2r
18 18

3 3
æ 1- t ö æ 1+ t ö
\r + 3 = 2r or r + 3 + 2r = 18 (a) 56 ç ÷ (b) 56 ç ÷
è 1+ t ø è 1- t ø
\ r = 3 or 5
4 4
æ 1- t ö æ 1+ t ö
(c) 70 ç ÷ (d) 70 ç ÷
è 1+ t ø è 1- t ø

Ans. (c)

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r 5r
10 10- r æ l ö 5-
28. The greatest value of the term independent of x, as a varies Sol. t r +1 = Cr ( x ) × ç - 2 ÷ = (-l)2 × 10 C r × x 2
è x ø
20
æ sin a ö
over R, in the expansion of ç x cos a + ÷ is : for term independent of x, r = 2
è x ø

(a) 20C10 (b) 20C19 \ t3 = (-l )2 × 10

C2 = 405

405
Þ l2 =
10
(c) 20C6 (d) 20C10 æç 1 ö÷ =9
45
è2ø
Ans. (d) \ l = ±3

29. If the sum of binomial coefficients in the expansion

10
æ 2x 2 3 ö
+ 2 ÷ is
n
æ 1ö 32. The middle term in the expansion of ç
ç 2x + ÷ is 256, then term independent of x is è 3 2x ø
è xø

(a) 1120 (b) 1020 (a) 251 (b) 252

(c) 512 (d) None (c) 250 (d) None

Ans. (a) Ans. (b)

Sol. Sum of binomial co-efficients = 2n = 256 Sol. 6th term is the middle term

\n=8 æ 2x2 ö
5 5
10 æ 3 ö
\ t6 = C5 çç ÷÷ × ç 2 ÷ = 252
è 3 è 2x ø
r
æ1ö ø
t r +1 = 8 Cr (2 x)8- r × ç ÷ = 28- r × 8 Cr × x 8-2 r
èxø

\ r = 4 (term independent of x) 33. The middle term (s) in the expansion of (1 + x)2n+1 is (are)

\ts = 24. 8C4 = 1120 (a) 2n+1Cn xn and 2n+1Cx+1 xn+1

(b) 2n+1Cn xn+1 and 2n+1Cn+1 xn
30. The coefficient of x8 y10 in the expansion of (x + y)18 is (c) 2n+1Cn xn
(a) 18C8 (b) 18P10 (d) 2n+1Cn+1 xn+1
(c) 218 (d) None of these Ans. (d)
Ans. (a) Sol. Q 2n + 1 is odd
Sol. Coefficient of x8y10 = 18C10 = 18C8 \ there will be 2 middle term
(n + 1)th term and (n + 2)th term
10 tn+1 = 2n+1Cn x4
æ l ö
31. If the term independent of x in the expansion of ç x - 2 ÷ tn+2 = 2n+1Cn+1 xn+1
è x ø
is 405, then l equals
34. If T 2/T 3 in the expansion of (a + b) n and T 3/T 4 in the
(a) –3 (b) 3
(a + b)n+3 are equal, then n =
(c) 3 or –3 (d) None of these
(a) 3 (b) 4
Ans. (c)
(c) 5 (d) 6
Ans. (c)

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n n-1 1 Þ n2 - 21n + 98 = 0
Sol. T2 = C1 a × b = 2a
T3 n C2 an-2 × b2 (n -1)b \n = 7 or 14

n+3
T3 C2 an+1 × b2 3a 37. Let (1+x)n = 1 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + anxn. If a1, a2 and a3 are in A.P.,
= n+3 n 3
=
T4 C3 a × b (n + 1)b then the value of n is
(a) 4 (b) 5
2a 3a
\ = (c) 6 (d) 7
(n -1)b (n +1)b Ans. (d)
Þ 2n + 2 = 3n - 3
Þ n=5 38. a, b, c, d are any four consecutive co-efficients of any
a +b b+c c+d
binomial expansion, then , , are in :
35. If the second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of a b c
(x + a)n are 240, 720 and 1080 respectively, then the value of (a) A.P.
n is (b) G.P.
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) H.P.
(c) 10 (d) 5 (d) arithmetico geometric progression
Ans. (d) Ans. (c)
n
Sol. C1 xn-1.a = 240, nC2.xn-2.a2 = 720, nC3 xn-3.a3 = 1080
n
C2 × x n-2 × a2 720 n -1 a 39. If (1 + ax)m =1 + 8x + 24x2 + ..., then the value of a and m are
\ n
= Þ × =3 respectively.
C1 × x n-1 × a 240 2 x .......(i)
(a) 4,2 (b) 2,4

n
(c) 1,8 (d) None of these
C3 × x n-3 × a2
1080 n-2 a 3
\n n-2 2
= Þ × = .......(ii) Ans. (b)
C2 × x × a 720 3 x 2
m
Sol. C1 × (ax ) = 8 x and m C2 × (ax )2 = 24 x 2
\ from (i) and (ii); n = 5
m(m -1) 2
Þ ma = 8 and × a = 24
36. If the coefficients of 5th, 6th and 7th terms in the expansion 2
of (1 + x)n, n Î N, are in A.P., then n is equal to
Þ ma = 8 and ma(ma - a) = 48
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 7 or 14 \a = 2, m = 4
Ans. (d)
Sol. Given nC4, nC5 and nC6 are in A.P. 40. Coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 is
(a) 61 (b) 59
\ 2 ´ n C 5 = n C 4 + n C6
(c) 0 (d) 60
2n n n Ans. (d)
Þ = +
5 n-5 4 n-4 6 n-6 Sol. (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 = (1 + 5x2 + 10x4 + …) (1 + 4x + 6x2 + 4x3 + x4)

2 1 1 30 + (n - 5)(n - 4) \ Co - efficient of x 5 = 5 ´ 4 +10 ´ 4 = 60

Þ = + =
5(n - 5) (n - 4)(n - 5) 6 ´ 5 6 ´ 5(n - 4)(n - 5)
41. The co-efficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3)n is :

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(a) nC4 (b) nC4 + nC2 (a + b +c)n is

(c) nC4 + nC1 + nC4 . nC2 (d) nC4 + nC2 + nC1 . nC2 (a) n + 1 (b) n
Ans. (d) (c) n + 2 (d) 1 + 2 + 3 +....+ (n + 1)
Ans. (d)
5 2 5
42. Co-efficient of x in the expansion of (x – x – 2) is : Sol. (a + b + c)n = nC0(a + b)n + nC1(a + b)n-1.C + nC2(a + b)n-2.C2 +
(a) –83 (b) –82 … + nCn Cn

(c) –81 (d) 0 \ No. of term = (n + 1) + (n - 1 + 1) + (n - 2 + 1) + … 3 + 2 +

1
Ans. (c)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + (n + 1).
43. The number of integral terms in the expansion of

( )
500
3+ 2 is : 46. The coefficient of x99 in

(a) 128 (b) 129 (x + 1) (x + 3) (x + 5) ..... (x + 199) is

(c) 251 (d) 512 (a) 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 99 (b) 1 + 3 + 5 + .... + 199

Ans. (c) (c) 1.3.5. ....... 199 (d) None of these

Ans. (b)

44. The number of irrational terms in the expansion of Sol. 1, 3, 5, … 199 are in A.P. and 199 is the 100th term.
\ There is 100 term in (x + 1) (x + 3) (x + 5) …. (x + 199)
(4 )
45
1/5
+ 71/10 is
Co-efficient of x 99 will be found by selecting x from 99
(a) 40 (b) 5 term and constant from remaining 1 term.
(c) 41 (d) none of these Co-efficient of x99 = 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 199
Ans. (d)
47. The coefficient of x17 in the expansion of
45
æ 1 1 ö (x – 1) (x – 2) ........ (x – 18) is
Sol. Given expression ç 4 5 + 7 10 ÷
ç ÷ (a) 342 (b) –171
è ø
171
45 - r r
(c) (d) 684
2
Tr +1 = 45 Cr ( 4 ) 5 ( 7) 10
Ans. (b)
For rational terms Sol. Total 18 term are there.
45 - r \ Co-efficient of x17 will be found by selecting x from 17
= integer Þ r = 0,5,...,45 term and constant from remaining 1 term,
5
Co-efficient of x17 = - 1 - 2 - 3 …. - 18
r
and = integer Þ r = 0,10,20, 30, 40 = - (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 18)
10
18 ´ 19
Þ terms will be rational for r = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 =- = -171
2
Þ total rational terms = 5
Þ irrational terms = total terms - rational terms 48. The sum of coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x – 3x2)3148 is
= 46 - 5 (a) 8 (b) 7
= 41 (c) 1 (d) –1
Ans. (c)
45. The number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of

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Sol. Sum of co-efficient can be obtained by substituting x = 1 (a) 3 (b) 19

\ Sum of co-efficients = (1 + 1 - 3) 3148
= (-1) 3148 (c) 64 (d) 29
=1 Ans. (c)
Sol. 49n + 16n - 1 = (1 + 48)n + 16n -1
49. The sum of coefficient in (1 + x – 3x2)2134 is = 1 + nC1 . 48 + nC2(48)2 + …. + 16 n -1
(a) –1 (b) 1 = 64n + nC2(48)2 + ….
(c) 0 (d) 22134 = 64(n + nC2(36) + …
Ans. (b) \ divisible by 64.
Sol. Sum of co-efficients can be obtained by substituting x = 1 55. Remainder when 7100 is divided by 25 is
\ Sum of co-efficients = (1 + 1 - 3)2134 = (-1)2134 (a) 1 (b) 24
=1 (c) 18 (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
50
50. In the expansion of (1 + x) , the sum of the coeficient of odd Sol. 7100 = (49)50 = (50 - 1)50 = (1 - 50)50
powers of x is = 1 - 50C1.50 + 50C2.(50)2 ….
(a) 0 (b) 249 = 1 + 25(+ve integer)
\ Remainder is 1 when divided by 25.
50 51
(c) 2 (d) 2
Ans. (b)
10
56. C1 + 10C2 + 10C3 + .............+ 10C10 =
51. If the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (a) 512 (b) 511
(a2x2 – 6ax + 11)10, where a is constant, is 1024, then the
(c) 1024 (d) none of these
value of a is :
Ans. (d)
(a) 5 (b) 1
Sol. We know 10C0 + 10C1 + …. + 10C10 = 210
(c) 2 (d) 3
Þ 10C + 10C + … + 10C = 210 - 1 = 1023
Ans. (d) 1 2 10

52. Sum of the last 30 coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)59, 57. The value of nC0 – nC1 + nC2 – .... + (–1)n nCn is
when expanded in ascending powers of x is (a) 1 (b) n
n
(a) 2 59
(b) 2 58 (c) 2 (d) 0
(c) 2 30
(d) 2 29 Ans. (d)
Ans. (b) Sol. We know (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + … + nCnxn
Put x = -1
53. If (1 – x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ...... + a2nx2n, then Þ nC0 - nC1 + … + (-1)n nCn = 0
a0+ a2+ a4 + ... +a2n is equal to :

3n + 1 3n -1 n
2 n +1
(a) (b) 58. å C r is equal to
2 2 r =1

(a) 22n–1 (b) 22n

1 1
(c) 3 - (d) 3 +
n n
2 2 (c) 22n+1 –1 (d) 22n+1
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)

54. 49n + 16 n – 1 is divisible by

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Sol. å 2 n+1 Cr = 2 n + 1 C1 + 2 n + 1 C3 + ... 2 n + 1 C2 n + 1

r =1

1
We know n C1 + n C3 + ... = .2n
2

Þ 2n +1 1
C1 + 2n +1 C3 + ...+ 2n +1 C2n +1 = . 22n +1 =22n
2
( )

59. The sum rCr + r+1Cr + r+2Cr + ... + nCr (n > r) equals
(a) nCr+1 (b) n+1
Cr+1
n+1 n+1
(c) Cr–1 (d) Cr
Ans. (b)
Sol. rCr + r+1Cr + … + nCr
= r+1Cr+1 + r+1Cr + … + nCr (Q rCr = r+1Cr+1 = 1)
= r+2Cr+1 + r+2Cr + … + nCr ( nCr = nCr-1 = n+1Cr)
Proceeding in same way given expression = n+1Cr+1

60. The value of

( 7
C0 + 7 C1 + ) ( 7
)
C1 + 7 C2 + ... + ( 7
)
C6 + 7 C7 is

(a) 27 – 1 (b) 28 – 2
(c) 28 – 1 (d) 28
Ans. (b)
Sol. (7C0 + 7C1) + (7C1 + 7C2) + … + (7C6 + 7C7)
= 7C0 + 2(7C1 + 7C2 + … + 7C6) + 7C7
= 2(7C0 + 7C1 + … + 7C7) - 7C0 - 7C7

= 2 ´ 27 - 2
= 28 - 2

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EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR AIEEE/JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. If |x| < 1 then the coefficient of x n in expansion of r

( )
(1 + x + x2 + x3 + ...)2 is (2002) 256 256- r
Sol. Tr +1 = Cr 3 58
(a) n (b) n –1
(c) n + 2 (d) n + 1 256 - r r
Ans. (d) For integral terms , are both positive integers
2 8
Sol. (1 + x + x2 + …)2 = [(1 - x) - 1]2 = (1 - x)-2
\ r = 0, 8, 16, ....256
Þ Coefficient of xn in (1 + x + x2 + …)2
= coefficient of xn in (1 - x)-2 \ 256 = 0 + (n - 1)8 using t n = a + (n - 1) d
n+2-1 n+1
= C2-1 = C1 = n + 1
256 256
\ = n - 1 \n = +1
8 8
2. The coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x + 3x2 + ...)–3/2 is (2002)
(a) 21 (b) 25 n = 32 + 1 Þ n = 33
(c) 26 (d) None of these
Ans. (d) n n
t
1 r
Sol. (1 + 2x + 3x2 + …)-3/2 = [(1 - x)-2]-3/2 5. If s n = å n and t n = å n then n is equal to
r =0 Cr r =0 C r s n
= (1 - x)3
(2004)
Þ coefficient of x5 = 0
n n
(a) (b) -1
3. If x is positive, the first negative term in the expansion of 2 2
(1 + x)27/5 is (2003) 2n - 1
(a) 7th term (b) 5th term (c) n – 1 (d)
2
(c) 8th term (d) 6th term Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
n r
27 Sol. tn = å n
r =0 Cr
Sol. General term in the expansion of (1 + x) 5

n(n -1)....(n - r +1) r

n n - (n - r ) n 1 n n-r
Tr +1 = x tn = å n
Þ tn = n å n
-å n
r! r =0 Cn - r r =0 Cr r =0 Cn - r

27 32 1 n r
\ n-r +1< 0 Þ +1<r Þ r > t n = nå - å replacing n - r by r
5 5 n
Cr r =0
n
Cr
Þ r>6 tn = nsn - tn

tn n
\ =
4. The number of integral terms in the expansion of sn 2
( )
256
3+ 8 5 is (2003)

(a) 32 (b) 33 6. The coefficient of xn in expansion of (1 + x) (1 –x)n is

(c) 34 (d) 35 (2004)
n
Ans. (a) (a) (n – 1) (b) (–1) (1 – n)

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 11

(c) (–1)n–1 (n–1)2 (d) (–1)n–1 n

3
Ans. (b) = - x 2 + higher powers of x 2 .
8
Sol. (1 + x) (1 - x)n = (1 - x)n + x(1 - x)n

\ Coefficient of x n is = (-1)n + (-1)n -1 nC1 11

é 1 ù
n 9. If the coefficient of x7 in êax 2 + ú equals the coefficient
= (-1) [1 - n] ë bx û
11
é 1 ù
7. The coefficient of the middle term in the binomial expansion of x–7 in êax - 2 ú , then a and b satisfy the relation
in powers of x of (1 + ax)4 and of (1 – ax)6 is the same, if a ë bx û
equals (2004) (2005)
5 10
(a) - (b) (a) ab = 1 (b)
a
=1
3 3 b
3 3 (c) a + b = 1 (d) a – b = 1
(c) - (d)
10 5 Ans. (c)
Ans. (a) 11 11- r
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Sol. Tr +1 of ç ax 2 + ÷ =
11 2 r
Cr (ax ) ç ÷
Sol. Coefficient of middle term in (1 + ax)4 = coefficient è bx ø è bx ø

of middle term in (1 - ax )6 1 ö
11 11- r
æ 11 r æ 1 ö
Tr +1 of ç ax - 2 ÷ = Cr (ax) ç 2 ÷
\ 4C2 α2 = 6C3 (-α)3 è bx ø è bx ø
11
3 æ 1 ö a6
Þα=- \ Coefficient of x in ç ax 2 + 7
÷ = 11
C5
10 è bx ø b5
11
8. If x is so small that x3 and higher powers of x may be æ 1 ö -7 11 a5
and coefficient of x in ç ax - 2 ÷ = C6
3 è bx ø b6
æ 1 ö
(1 + x) - ç 1 + x ÷
3/ 2

è 2 ø
neglected, then may be 11 a6 11 a5
(1 - x)1/ 2 Now C5 = C6
b5 b6
approximated as (2005)
\ ab = 1.
x 3 3 2
(a) - x 2 (b) - x
2 8 8
10. If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1) th and (r + 2)th terms in the
3 3 binomial expansion of (1 + y)m are in AP, then m and r
(c) 3x + x 2 (d) 1 - x 2
8 8 satisfy the equation (2005)
Ans. (d) (a) m2 – m (4r – 1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0
(b) m2 – m (4r + 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0
3
æ 1 ö
(1 + x)3/2 - ç 1 + x ÷ (c) m2 – m (4r + 1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0
Sol. è 2 ø (d) m2 – m (4r – 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0
1/2
(1 - x) Ans. (b)
Sol. Given mCr-1, mCr, mCr+1 are in A.P
æ 3 31 1 2 ö æ 1 3.2 1 2 ö
ç1 + x + x +... ÷ - ç 1 + 3. x + . x +.... ÷
Þ 2 × m C r = m C r -1 + m C r +1
2 2 2 2! 2 2! 4
=è ø è ø
(1 - x)1/2
m m
C r -1 C r +1
Þ 2= +
3 3 é 1 1 3 1 ù m
Cr m
Cr
= - x 2 (1 - x)-1/2 = - x 2 ê1 + x + . . x 2 +...ú
8 8 ë 2 2 2 2! û

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 12 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

13. If the expansion in powers of x of the function

r m-r
Þ 2= + 1
m - r +1 r +1
Þ m2 - m(4r + 1) + 4r2 - 2 = 0 (1 - ax) (1 - bx) is
a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 +..., then an is (2006)
6
a n - bn a n +1 - bn +1
11. The value of 50
C4 + å 56 - r C3 is (2005) (a) (b)
r =1 b-a b-a
56
(a) C4 (b) 56C3 bn +1 - a n +1 bn - a n
55
(c) C3 55
(d) C4 (c) (d)
b-a b-a
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
6 Sol. From given
50 56- r
Sol. C4 + å C3
r =1 1
= (1 - ax)-1 (1- bx)-1
Þ 50C4 + [55C3 + 54C3 + 53C3 +52C3 + 51C3 + 50C3] (1 - ax)(1- bx)
= (50C4 + 50C3) + 51C3 + 52C3 + 53C3 + 54C3 + 55C3
= (a0 + a1x +…..+ anxn +…..)
= (51C4 + 51C3) + 52C3 + 53C3 + 54C3 + 55C3
= (1 + ax + a2x2 +…..+ an-1xn-1 + anxn +……)(1 + bx + b2x2…..+
in the same manner bnxn +……)

50
6
56- r Þ (a0 + a1 x +...... + an x n + ......)
C4 + å C3 = 56 C 4
r =1 = 1 + x (a + b) + x2 (a2 + ab + b2) + x3
(a3 + a2b + ab2 + b3) +….+….+….+ xn
m n 2
12. For natural numbers m, n if (1–y) (1 + y) =1 + a1y + a2y +... (an + an-1 b + an-2 b2 +….+ abn-1 + bn)+ ….
and a1 = a2 = 10, then (m, n) is (2006)
On comparing the coefficient of xn both sides, we have
(a) (35, 20) (b) (45, 35)
an = an + an-1 b + an-2 b2 +…..+ a bn-1 + bn
(c) (35, 45) (d) (20, 45)
Ans. (d) (an + a n-1 b + a n-2 b2 +..... + abn-1 + bn )(b - a)
=
Sol. (1 - y)m (1 + y)n = 1 + a1y + a2y2 + a3y3 +…. + …. (*) b-a
Differentiating w.r.t. y both sides of (*) we have (Multiplying and dividing by b - a)
-m(1 - y)m-1 (1 + y)n + (1 - y)m n(1 + y)n-1
= a1 + 2a2y + 3a3y2 + 4a4y3 + …….. bn+1 - an+1
=
b-a
Þ n(1 + y)n -1 (1 - y)m - m(1 - y)m -1 (1 + y)n
= a1 + 2a2y + 3a2y2 + 4a4y3 + …… ……(**) 14. The sum of the series
Again differentiating (**) with respect to y we have 20
C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + ... + 20C10 is (2007)
n-2 m n-1 m-1
[n(n - 1)(1 + y) (1 - y) + n(1 + y) (-m)(1 - y) ]
1 20
-[m(1 + y)n(m - 1)(1 - y)m-2(1 - y)m-1 n(1 + y) + n - 1] (a) – 20C10 (b) C10
2
= 2a2 + 6a3y +……. ……(***)
(c) 0 (d) 20C10
Now putting y = 0 in (**) and (***) we get
Ans. (b)
n - m = a1 = 10 …(A)
Sol. (1 + x)20 = 20C0 + 20C1 x + 20C2x2 + … 20C20x20
and m2 + n2 - (m + n) -2 mn = 2a2 = 20 …(B)
put x = -1
Solving (A) and (B), we get
0 = 20C0 - 20C1 + 20C2 … + 20C20
n = 45, m = 35
0 = 2(20C0 - 20C1 + … - 20C9) + 20C10
\ (m, n) = (35, 45)
20 1
Þ C0 - 20 C1 +... + 20 C10 = × 20 C10
2

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 13

15. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n ³ 5, the sum of 5th (a) 0 (b) 2
a (c) 7 (d) 8
and 6th terms is zero, then equals (2007)
b Ans. (a)
Sol. Using Modulo Arithmetic
5 6
(a) (b) 8 = - 1 (modulo 9) Also 62 = - 1 (modulo 9)
n-4 n -5

n -5 n-4 Þ 82 n -(62)2 n +1 = éë(-1)2 n -(-1)2 n +1 ùû mod 9

(c) (d)
6 5
= (1 + 1) mod 9 = 2 mod 9 Þ Remainder = 2
Ans. (b)

( ) a n-4 10 10
n
Sol. C4 a n-4 (-b)4 = - n
C5 an-5 (-b)5 Þ = . 18. Let S1 = å j ( j - 1) 10 C j , S2 = å j 10 C j and
b 5 j=1 j=1

10
S3 = å j2 10
Cj
n
j=1
16. Statement I : å
r =0
(r + 1) . n
Cr = (n + 2) 2 n -1
Statement I : S3 = 55×29.
Statement II : S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10×28. (2010)
n (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
Statement II : å (r + 1)
r =0
n
Cr .x r = (1 + x) n + nx (1 + x) n -1 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I
(2008) (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
Ans. (d)
Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I 10 10
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Sol. S1 = å j( j -1) 10 C j = å ( j -1) × 10 × 9 C j -1
j =1 j =1
Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false 10
= 10 ´ 9 å 8 C j -2 = 90 ´ 28
Ans. (c) j =1

n n n 10 10
n n n
Sol. å (r +1) Cr = å r . Cr + å Cr S2 = å j 10 C j = 10 å 9 C j -1 = 10 ´ 29
r =0 r =0 r =0 j =1 j =1

10 10 10
n n n-1
n
S3 = å j 2C j = 10 å 9 C j -1 = 10 ´ 9 å 8 C j -2 = 55 ´ 29
= å r. . Cr -1 + å n Cr = n. 2n-1 + 2n = 2n-1 (n + 2)
r =0 r r =0 j =1 j =1 j =1

Thus Statement-1 is true.

19. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (1 – x – x2 + x3)6 is
n n
Again å (r +1) nCr x r = å r . nCr x r + å n Cr x r (2011)
r =0 r =0 (a) –132 (b) –144
n n (c) 132 (d) 144
n-1
=å Cr -1 x r + å nCr x r = nx(1+ x)n-1 + (1+ x)n Ans. (a)
r =0 r =0
Sol. (1 - x - x2 + x3)6 = ((1 - x)(1 - x2))6
Substitute x = 1 in the above identity to get
= (1 - x)6 (1 - x2)6
n n-1 n
å (r + 1) C r = n .2 + 2 = (1 - 6C1x + 6C2x2 - 6C3x3 + 6C4x4 - 6C5x5 + 6C6x6)
Statement-2 is also true and explains Statement-1 also. (1 - 6C1x2 + 6C2x4 - 6C3x6 + 6C4x8 - 6C5x10 + 6C6x12)
Coeff. Of x7 = (-6C1)(-6C3) + (-6C3)(6C2) + (-6C5)(-6C1)
17. The remainder left out when 82n – (62)2n+1 is divided by 9 is = 6 . 20 - 20 . 15 + 6 . 6 = 120 - 300 + 36 = - 144
(2009)

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 14 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

( ) -( )
2n 2n 24. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the
20. If n is a positive integer, then 3 +1 3 -1 is
( )
50
binomial expansion of 1 - 2 x is: (2015)
(2012)
1 50
(a) an irrational number
(a)
2
(3 -1 ) (b)
1 50
2
(
2 +1 )
(b) an odd positive integer
1 50
( )
(c) an even positive integer 1 50
(c)
2
(3 +1 ) (d)
2
3
(d) a rational number other than positive integers.
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
Sol. By binomial theorem
( ) -( )
2n 2n
Sol. 3 +1 3 -1
(1-2 x ) ( ) ( ) ( )
50 2 50
= 50C0 - 50C1 2 x + 50C2 2 x +......+ 50C50 2 x
é
( 3) ( 3) ù
2 n -1 2 n-3
= 2 ê 2 n C1 . + 2n
C3 . + ....ú ,
(1+2 x ) ( ) ( ) ( )
50 2 50
ë û = 50C0 + 50C1 2 x + 50C2 2 x +......+ 50C50 2 x

is an irrational number. On addition

( 1+ 2 x ) + ( 1 -2 x )
50 50
21. The term independent of x in expansion of =2
10
æ x -1 ö
x +1 æ
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 50 ö
ç 2 / 3 1/ 3 - 1/ 2 ÷ is (2013) = 2ç 50C0 + 50C2 2 x + 50C3 2 x +.....+ 50C50 2 x ÷
è x - x +1 x - x ø è ø
(a) 4 (b) 120 Set x = 1 to obtain
(c) 210 (d) 310 350 + 1 = 2 (sum of coefficients of integral powers of x)

(
1 50
)
Ans. (b)
\ Sum of coeff. of integral powers of x = 3 +1
10 2
æ x +1 x -1 ö
Sol. ç 2/3 1/3 - ÷
è x - x +1 x - x 1/2 ø
26. If the number of terms is the expansion of

( )( )( )( )
10 æ 2 4 ö
n
ì x1/3 +1 x 2/3 - x1/3 + 1 x +1 x -1 üï ç1 - + 2 ÷ , x ¹ 0, is 28, then the sum of the
ï è x x ø
=í - ý
ïî x 2/3 - x1/3 +1 x ( x -1 ) ïþ coefficients of all the terms in this expansion, is : (2016)
(a) 2187 (b) 243
20-5 r (c) 729 (d) 64
( )
10
1/3 -1/2 r 10
= x -x \ Tr +1 = (-1) Cr x 6 Ans. (d)
Sol. The number of terms in the expansion of
20 - 5r
Thus =0 Þ r =4 n
6 æ 2 4 ö n+2
ç 1- + 2 ÷ is C2
10
è x x ø
\ Term = C 4 = 210
We have n + 2C2 = 28 giving (n + 1)(n + 2) = 56
Then n = 6
22. If the coefficients of x 3 and x 4 in the expansion of
(1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of x are both zero, then \ Sum of coefficients = (1 - 2 + 4)6
(a, b) is equal to : (2014)
= 36 = 729
æ 272 ö æ 251 ö
(a) ç16, 3 ÷ (b) ç16, 3 ÷
è ø è ø

æ 251 ö æ 272 ö
(c) ç14, 3 ÷ (d) ç14, 3 ÷
è ø è ø

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 BINOMIAL
15 THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 15
BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. If 0 £ r, £ n, then the coefficient of xr in the expansion of (c) 2nCn–2 (d) none of these
P = 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x)2 + ..... + (1 + x)n is Ans. (a)
n n+1
(a) Cr (b) Cr+1 Sol. Conceptual, greatest binomial coefficient is 2nCn
(c) nCr+1 (d) none of these
Ans. (b) 4. The coefficient of x 20 in the expansion of
Sol. xr coefficient in -5
æ 1 ö
( )
40
2
P = 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x) + … (1 + x) n 1+ x2 .ç x 2 + 2 + 2 ÷ is
è x ø

1((1+ x)n+1 -1) (a) 30C10 (b) 30C25

P=
1 + x -1 (c) 1 (d) none of these
Ans. (b)
n+1
(1+ x) -1 Sol. x20 coefficient in
P=
x
-5
æ 1 ö
(1+ x 2 )40 ç x 2 + 2 + 2 ÷
Þ x r +1coefficientin(1 + x)n+1 -1 è x ø
n +1
Þ C r +1 -10
æ 1ö
= (1+ x 2 )40 ç x + ÷
è xø
2. If rth and (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)n are
equal, then n =
(1 + x 2 )-10
= (1 + x 2 )40
(1 + x ) r - x (1 + x ) r - x x -10
(a) (b)
4x 3x
= x10(1 + x2)30
(1 + x ) r - x (1 + x ) r - x
(c) (d) Þ x 10 in (1 + x 2 )30
x r
30 30
Ans. (c) Þ C5 or C25
Sol. Tr = T r + 1
n
Cr-1 xr-1 = nCr xr
5. The ratio of the coefficient of x10 in (1-x2)10 and the term
1 x 10
= æ 2ö
n - r +1 r independent of x in ç x - ÷ , is
è xø

(1 + x)r - x (a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 32

Þ n= (c) 1 : 64 (d) none of these
x
Ans. (b)
Sol. Coefficient of x10 in (1 - x2)10 is - 10C5
3. The greatest coefficent in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is
(a) 2nCn (b) 2nCn–1

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 BINOMIAL
16 THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 16
BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

10
æ 2ö 10 3 3
Term independent of x in ç x - ÷ is - C5 25
è xø (n +1) x (9 +10) 2 ´ 2
= = 6.9
x +1 3 3
´ +1
Ratio : 1:32 2 2

6. The number of distinct terms in the expansion of Þ 7th term is numerically greatest term
(x + y – z)16 is T7 = 9C6(2)3(3x)6
(a) 136 (b) 153
(c) 16 (d) 17 7 ´ 313 æ 3ö
Þ ç After substituting x = ÷
Ans. (b) 2 è 2ø
Sol. Number of terms in (x + y - z)16 is n+r-1Cr-1
= 16 + 3 - 1C3-1 9. The greatest term (numerically) in the expansion of
= 18C2 = 153
1
(3 – 5x)11, when x = is
5
7. The total number of terms in the expansion of
(a + b + c + d)n, n Î N is (a) 55 × 39 (b) 46 × 39
(c) 55 × 36 (d) none of these
n ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) n ( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) Ans. (a)
(a) (b)
6 6
11
æ 5x ö
( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) Sol. 311 ç 1- ÷
(c) (d) none of these è 3 ø
6

Ans. (c)
1
Sol. No. of terms in (a + b + c + d)n is n + 4 - 1C4 - 1 = n + 3C3 (n +1) x 12 ´ 3
= =3
x +1 4
(n +1)(n + 2)(n + 3)
= 3
6
T3, T4 are numerically greatest terms
8. The greatest term (numerically) in the expansion of 11
T3 = C2 (3)9 (-1)2 = 55 ´ 39
3
(2 + 3x)9, when x = , is
2
10. The sum of the coefficients in the expansion of
5 ´ 311 5 ´ 313 (6a – 5b)n, where n is a positive integer, is
(a) (b)
2 2 (a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 2n (d) 2n–1
7 ´ 313
(c) (d) none of these Ans. (a)
2
Sol. Sum of coefficients we get when a = b = 1
Ans. (c)
Þ (6 - 5)n = 1
9
æ 3x ö
Sol. 29 ç 1+ ÷
è 2 ø

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 17

n
= 18
æ 1ö
11. If the fourth term in the expansion of ç px + ÷ is
è xø
14. The last digit of the number (32)32 is
independent of x, then the value of term is
(a) 4 (b) 6
(a) 5p3 (b) 10p3
(c) 8 (d) none of these
(c) 20p3 (d) none of these
Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
Sol. Last digit in (32)32 = Last digit in (2)32
1 21 = 2 By pattern we can say
Sol. T4 = n C3 Pn-3 x n-3 ´ 3
x 22 = 4 last digit in (2)32 is 6
= nC3 Pn-3 xn-6 23 = 8
n-6=0 Þ n=6 24 = 16

\ T4 = 6C3 P3
= 20 P3 15. 97 + 79 is divisible by
(a) 6 (b) 24
12. Which of the following expression is divisible by 1225 ? (c) 64 (d) 72

(a) 62n – 35n–1 (b) 62n – 35n+1 Ans. (c)

(c) 62n – 35n (d) 62n – 35n+2 Sol. 97 + 79
Ans. (a) = (8 + 1)7 + (8 - 1)9
Sol. 62n - 35 n - 1 On expanding binomially last terms will get cancelled
= (36)n - 35 n - 1 second last terms

= 1 + 35n - 35n - 1 = 7C1 8 + 9C1 8

= nC6 + nC1(35) + nC2 352 + … nCn(35)n - 35n - 1 = 128

= nC2 352 + nC3 353 + … nCn(35)n Rest of the terms will have ‘8’ powers ³ 2

352 can be taken common We can see every term is divisible by 64.

Þ divisible by 1225
16. The sum 20C0 + 20C1 + 20C2 + ...... 20C10 is equal to
13. If 7103 is divided by 25, then the remainder is
20! 1 20!
(a) 220 + (b) 2 - .
19
(a) 20 (b) 16 2 (10!)2
(10!)
2

(c) 18 (d) 15
Ans. (c) (c) 219 + 20C10 (d) none of these
Sol. 7103 = 7(7)102 Ans. (d)
51
= 7(49) Sol. 20
C0 + 20C1 + 20C2 + … + 20C10 + … 20C20 = 220
= 7(50 - 1)51 20
Cr = 20C20-r
In the binomial expansion Þ 2(20C0 + 20C1 + … 20C9) + 20C10 = 220
= 7 (51C0(50)51 + 51C1(50)50 (-1) + … 51C50(50)1 - 51C51) Dividing with 2
Every term is divisible by 25 except last
20 20 1
So remainder = -7 C0 + C1 +...20 C9 + 20
C10 = 219
2

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 18 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

20. If A = 2nC0. 2nC1 + 2nC1 2n–1C1 + 2nC2 2n–2C1 + .....then A is

1
Þ 20 C0 + 20 C1 +...20 C9 + 20 C10 = 219 20
C10 (a) 0 (b) 2n
2
(c) n22n (d) 1
Ans. (c)
20 20 20 20
17. The sum 1. C1 –2. C2 + 3. C3 – .....– C20 is equal to Sol. A = 2n 2nC0 + (2n - 1) 2nC1 + (2n - 2)2nC2 + …
19
(a) 2 (b) 0 A = 2n 2nC2n + (2n - 1) 2nC2n-1 + (2n - 2)2nC2n-2 + … 1 2nC1
20
(c) 2 – 1 (d) none of these
(1 + x)2n = 2nC0 + 2nC1 x + 2nC2 x2 + … 2nC2n x2n
Ans. (b)
Differentiating on both sides and substituting x = 1
Sol. (1 + x)20 = 20C0 + 20C1 x + 20C2 x2 + 20C3 x3 + … 20C20 x20
2n 22n-1 = 2nC1 + 22nC2 + 32nC3 + … 2n 2nC2n
Differentiating on both sides
n 22n = 2nC1 + 22nC2 + 32nC3 + … 2n 2nC2n
19 20 20 20 2 20 19
20(1 + x) = C1 + C2 (2x) + C3(3x ) + … C20(20x )
Substituting x = -1 on both sides
21. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n ³ 5, the sum of the
Þ 0 = C1 - 2 C2 + 3 C3 + … -20 C20
20 20 20 20
5th and 6th terms is zero. Then, a/b equals

n -5 n-4
18. 1. nC1 + 2, nC2 + 3. nC3 + ....+ n. nCn is equal to (a) (b)
6 5
n ( n + 1)
(a) .2 n (b) 2n+1–3
4 5 6
(c) (d)
n-4 n -5
(c) n, 2n–1 (d) none of these
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)

Sol. (1 + x)n = nC6 + nC1 x + nC2 x2 + … nCn xn Sol. T5 = -T6

n
Differentiating on both sides C4 an-4(b)4 = nC5 an-5 b5

n(1 + x)n-1 = nC1 + nC2(2x) + … n nCn xn-1

a n C5 n - 4
Substituting x = 1 on both sides Þ = =
b n C4 5
n2n-1 = 1. nC1 + 2.nC2 + 3 nC3 + …. nnCn

19. If (1 +x) 15 = C 0 + C 1 x C 2 x 2 +....+ C 15 x 15 , then 22. The number of irrational terms in the expansion of

C02 -15 C12 +15 C22 -15 C32 + ....15 C15

( )
15 2 100
is equal to 8
5+6 2 , is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) 97 (b) 98
(c) –1 (d) none of these
(c) 96 (d) 99
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
15 2 15 2 15 2 15 2
Sol. C0 - C1 + C2 -... - C15
( 8 5 + 6 2)
100
Sol.
15 2 15 2 15 2 15 2
C0 - C15 , C1 = ... C14
The rational terms are T13, T37, T61, T85
Terms will get cancelled
irrational terms = 101 - 4 = 97
=0

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 19

23. The sum of the rational terms in the expansion of Ans. (c)

( ) Middle terms of (1 + ax)4 ,(1 + ax)6

10
2+53 is Sol.

are T3, T4 respectively

(a) 32 (b) 9
(c) 41 (d) none of these T3 =4 C2 a2 x 2 T4 = 6C3 (-a)3 x 3 4
C2 a2 = 6C3 (-a3 )
Ans. (c)
-3
Þa=
( ) 10
10
Sol. 2+5 3

The rational terms are T1, T11 26. The sum of the numerical coefficients in the expansion of
10 5 10 2
T1 + T11 = C0 2 + C10 3 12
æ x 2y ö
= 41 ç1 + + ÷ , is
è 3 3 ø

(a) 1 (b) 2
24. The greatest value of the term independent of x in the
(c) 212 (d) none of these
expansion of (x sin a + x–1 cos a)10, a Î R, is
Ans. (c)
10! Sol. Sum of coefficients is when x = y = 1
(a) 25 (b)
(5!)2
12
æ 1 2ö
10! Þ ç 1+ + ÷ = 212
(c) 5 (d) none of these è 3 3ø
2 ´ (5!)2

Ans. (c)
27. The number of terms in the expansion of (2x + 3y – 4z)n, is
Sol. T6 is term independent of x
(a) n + 1 (b) n + 3
T6 = 10C5 sin5x cos5x
(n + 1) (n + 2)
(c) (d) none of these
10 (sin2 x)5 2
= C5
25 Ans. (c)
Sol. Number of terms = n + r - 1Cr - 1
10
C5 = n + 3 - 1C3 - 1
(T5 )max =
25
(n + 2)+ (n +1)
=
2
25. The coefficient of the middle term in the binomial 28. The coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of
expansion, in powers of x, of (1 + ax)4 and of (1–ax)6 is (1 + x + x2 + x3)11, is
same, if a equals (a) 900 (b) 909
(c) 990 (d) 999
3 10
(a) (b) Ans. (c)
5 3
Sol. (1 + x + x2 + x3)11 = (1 + x)11 (1 + x2)11
3 5
(c) - (d) - x4 coefficient in (1 + x)11 (1 + x2)11
10 3

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 20 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

11 11 11 11 11 11
Þ C4 C0 + C2 C1 + C0 ´ C2 (a) C02 + 2C12 + 3C22 + ... + (n + 1)C2n
= 330 + 605 + 55 = 990
(b) (C0 + C1 + C2 + ... + Cn)2
5 2 5 4
29. The coefficient of x in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 + x) , is
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) C02 + C12 + ... + C2n
(c) 40 (d) none of these
(d) none of these
Ans. (b)
Sol. x5 Coefficient in (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 Ans. (c)
= 5C1 4C3 + 5C2 4C1 = 60
Sol. Term independent of ‘x’ in

30. If the ratio of 7th term from the beginning to the seventh
(1 + x)n (1 + x)n (1 + x)2 n
æ 1 ö
x
1 = =
term from the end in the expansion of ç 3 2 + ÷ is 6 xn xn
è 3ø
3

then x, is is xn coefficient in (1 + x)2n = 2nCn

(a) 9 (b) 6, 15
(c) 12, 9 (d) none of these
32. The term independent of x in the expansion of
Ans. (a)
9
T7 1 æ3 1 ö
= (1 + x + 2x ) ç x 2 - ÷ is :
3
Sol. è ø
T x -5 6 2 3x

(a) 7/18 (b) 2/27

6
x -6 æ1 ö
x
C6 (3 2) ç3 ÷
è 3ø 1
x -6
= (c)
7
+
2
(d)
7
-
2
6
(3 2)
x 6æ 1 ö 18 27 18 27
C x -6 ç3 ÷
è 3ø
Ans. (d)

( 3 2´ 3 )
x -12
= (6)-1 Sol. Term independent of ‘x’ in,

9
x -12 æ3 1 ö
= -1 (1+ x + 2 x ) ç x 2 - ÷ is = 1 ´ T7 + 2 x 3 T8
3
3 è2 3x ø

Þ x=9

9
th æ3 1 ö
31. The term independent of x in the expansion of (1 + x)n where Tr is r term in ç x 2 - ÷
è2 3x ø

n
æ 1 ö is :
ç1 + ÷
è xø

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 21

Ans. (b)
3 6 2 7
æ 3 ö æ -1 ö æ 3 ö æ -1 ö
= 9 C6 ç ÷ ´ ç ÷ + 2 ´ 9 C7 ç ÷ ç ÷
è2ø è 3 ø è2ø è 3 ø Sol. ( 2 + 1)6 = I+ F

( 2 -1)6 = F1
7 2
= -
18 27
Þ I = ( 2 +1)6 + ( 2 -1)6 -1

I = 2(6 C 0 + 6 C2 2 + 6 C 4 22 + 6 C6 23 ) -1
33. If (1 – x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + a2nx2n, then
a0 + a2 + a4 + ... + a2n equals :
= 198 - 1 =197

3n + 1 3n - 1
(a) (b)
2 2 35. 49n + 16 n – 1 is divisible by :

(a) 3 (b) 19
1- 3 n
1
(d) 3 + (c) 64 (d)29
n
(c)
2 2
Ans. (c)

Ans. (a) Sol. 49n + 16 n - 1

Sol. (1 - x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + … + a2nx2n = (1 + 48)n + 16n - 1

Substituting x = -1 = 1 + nC1 48 + nC2 482 + … nCn 48n + 16n - 1

3n = a0 - a1 + a2 - a3 + … a2n …(i) = 64 n + 482 nC2 + … nCn 48n

Substituting x = 1 Every term is divisible by 64

1n = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + … a2n …(ii)

(i) + (ii) 36. Numerically greatest term, in the expansion of (8 – 5x)18,

(where x = 2/5) is :
Þ 3n + 1 = 2(a0 + a2 + a4 + … a2n)
(a) 1623 × 224 (b) 1623 × 222

(c) 1623 × 223 (d) none of these

3n +1
a0 + a2 + a4 +...a2 n = Ans. (d)
2

æ 5x ö
Sol. (8 - 5x)18 = 818 ç 1- ÷ 18
è 8 ø
34. The integral part of ( 2 + 1)6 is:

(a) 198 (b) 197

(c) 196 (d)163

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 22 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

= 2nCn

1
(n +1) x 19 ´ 4
= = 3.8
x +1 5 40.
32
If 7 divides 3232 , the remainder is :
4
(a) 1 (b) 0

T4 is greatest term (c) 4 (d) 6

T4 = 18C3 815(-2)3 Ans. (c)

32 32
3232 432
37. 3 6 8 9
The coefficient of (a b c d e f) in the expansion of Sol. remainder of =
7 7
31
(a + b + c – d – e – f) is :

(a) 123210 (b) 23110 Powers of 4 remainder when divided by 7

(c) 3110 (d) none of these 40 1

Ans. (c) 41 4

Sol. The coefficient of a a3 b6 c8 d9 e f in expansion of (a + b + 42 2

c - d - e - f)31 is zero as that term is not possible in expansion 43 1
as sum of powers is not 31
44 4

45 2
25 25
38. The number 5 – 3 is divisible by :
As we can see the pattern
(a) 2 (b) 3

(c) 5 (d)7 3232 (33-1)32

=
Ans. (a) 3 3

Sol. an - bn is divisible by a - b Remainder above will be 1

25 25
5 - 3 is divisible by 5 - 3 = 2 3332 = 3 K + 1

Also we saw 43 k+1 is giving remainder ‘4’ when divided by

39. The sum of coefficients of the two middle terms in the 7
2n – 1
expansions of (1 + x) is euqal to :
32
(a) (2n – 1)Cn (b) (2n – 1)Cn + 1 3232
=
(c) 2nCn – 1 (d) 2nCn 7

Ans. (d)
Remainder is ‘4’
2n-1
Sol. Tn1 Tn+1 are middle terms in expansion of (1 + x)

sum of coefficient of Tn1 Tn+1

= 2n-1Cn-1 + 2n-1Cn

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 23

n
æ 1 ö n 2n
41. The number of terms in the expansion of ç x 2 + 1 + 2 ÷ , æ 2 1 ö æ 1ö
è x ø ç x + 2 + 2÷ = ç x + ÷
è x ø è xø
n Î N is.

(a) 2n (b) 3n 2n (2n)!

Þ Cn =
(c) 2n + 1 (d) 3n + 1 n! n!

Ans. (c)

n
æ 2 1 ö
ç x + 2 + 1÷
10
Sol. é æxö æ 3 öù
è x ø 43. The term independent of x in ê ç ÷ + ç 2 ÷ ú is:
ëê è 3 ø è 2x ø ûú

2 3
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö (a) 1 (b) 10C1
= nC0 + nC1 ç x2 + 2 ÷ + nC2 ç x2 + 2 ÷ + nC3 ç x2 + 2 ÷
è x ø è x ø è x ø (c) 5/12 (d) none of these

Ans. (d)
n
æ 1 ö
+ ..... nC n ç x 2 + 2 ÷ 10 - r r
è x ø 10 æ xö æ 3 ö
Sol. Tr + 1 = C r = çç ÷÷ ´ çç 2 ÷÷
è 3ø è 2x ø
x powers are varying from

x-2n, x-2n -2,…… x0, x2, x4 …. x2n Equation x power to zero

Total 2n + 1 terms
10 - r
-r =0
2
n
The middle term in expansion of æç x 2 + 2 + 2 ö÷ is :
1 10 - 3r = 0
42.
è x ø

10
Þr =
n! 2n! 3
(a) (b)
[(n / 2)!]2 [(n / 2)!]2
independent of ‘x’ term is not possible

1.3.5........(2n + 1) n (2n)!
(c) 2 (d)
n! (n!) 2 44. The coefficient of x50 in the expansion : (1 + x)1000 + 2x
(1 + x)999 + 3x2 (1 + x)998 +...+1001 terms
Ans. (d)
(a) 1002C50 (b) 1002C51
Sol. Middle term in expansion of
(c) 1005C50 (d) 1005C48

Ans. (a)

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 24 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

Sol. Coefficient of x50 in (1 + x)1000 + 2x (1 + x)999 + where x = 1/5 is :

3x2 (1 + x)998 + …. + 1001 (a) 55 × 39 (b) 46 × 39

is = 1000C50 + 2 999C49 + 3 998C48 + …… 51 950C0 (c) 55 × 36 (d) none of these

= 1000C950 + 2 999C950 + 3 998C950 + …… 51 950C950 Ans. (a)

1002
=
C952 = 1002C50
11
æ 5x ö
Sol. 311 ç 1- ÷
è 3 ø
45. The greater term (numerically) in the expansion of

3
(2 + 3x)9, when x = ;
2 1
(n +1) x 12 ´ 3
= =3
x +1 4
5 ´ 311 5 ´ 313 3
(a) (b)
2 2

T3, T4 are numerically greatest terms

7 ´ 313
(c) (d) none of these
2 11
T3 = C2 (3)9 (-1)2 = 55 ´ 39
Ans. (c)

9 Integral part of (7 + 4 3) n is (n Î N)
9æ3x ö 47.
Sol. 2 ç 1+ ÷
è 2 ø
(a) an even number
(b) an odd number

(c) an even or an odd number depending upon the of n

3 3
(n +1) x (9 + 10) 2 ´ 2 (d) none of these
= = 6.9
x +1 3 3
´ +1 Ans. (b)
2 2

(7+ 4 3)
n
Sol. =I+ f
Þ 7th term is numerically greatest term

T7 = 9C6(2)3(3x)6

(7- 4 3)
n
= f1
13
7´ 3 æ 3ö
Þ ç After substituting x = ÷
2 è 2ø
(7+ 4 3) + (7 - 4 3)
n n
= I + f + f1 - f + f1 = 1

46. The greatest term (numarically) in expansion of (3 – 5x)11,

( ) + (7- 4 3)
n n
Þ I = 7+ 4 3 -7

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 25

Þ I is an odd number From (ii), (iii)

Required Ans = 0

48. The sum 20C0 + 20C1 + 20C2 + ...+ 20C10 is

20! 1 20! 1
(a) 220 + (b) 219 - . 50. If =1 + a1x + a2x2 + ..., then the value of ar is
(10!)2 2 (10!) 2 1 - 2x + x 2

(c) 219 + 20C10 (d) none of these (a) 2r (b) r + 1

Ans. (c) (c) r (d) r – 1

Sol. 20
C0 + 20C1 + 20C2 + … + 20C10 + … 20C20 = 220 Ans. (b)

20
Cr = 20C20-r
1 1
Sol. 2
=
Þ 2( C0 + C1 + … C9) + C10 = 2 1 -2 x + x (1 - x)2
20 20 20 20 20

Dividing with 2
= (1 - x)-2

20 20 1
C0 + C1 +...20 C9 + 20
C10 = 219 Whose expansion in which coefficient of xr is
2
= 2+r-1Cr

= r+1Cr = r + 1
1
Þ 20 C0 + 20 C1 +...20 C9 + 20 C10 = 219 20
C10
2

49. If n is a positive integer greater than I, then

a – nC1(a – 1) + nC2(a – 2) – ....+ (–1)n (a – n) is equal to

(a) n (b) a
(c) 0 (d) none of these

Ans. (c)

Sol. a - nC1 (a - 1) + nC2(a - 2) + … + (-1)n(a - n)

Seperating all terms with ‘a’

a(nC0 - nC1 + nC2 - nC3 ….) + (nC1 - 2 nC2 + 3 nC3 + ….)

(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2 x2 + … nCn xn … (i)

Substituting x = -1

Þ 0 = nC0 - nC1 + nC2 + … (-1)n nCn … (ii)

differentiating (i) on both sides and substituting x = -1

0 = nC1 - 2 nC2 + 3 nC3 - 4 nC4 + … (iii)

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 26 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR IIT QUESTIONS

Objective Question I [Only one correct option]
3r
= ( -1)
r 10
1. Given positive integers r > 1, n > 2 and the coefficient of Cr . 10 - r
. x 10 - 3 r
(3r)th and (r + 2)th terms in the binomial expansion of 2
(1 + x)2n are equal . Then : (1980) For coefficient of x4, we put 10 - 3r = 4
(a) n = 2r (b) n = 2r + 1
Þ 3r = 6 Þ r = 2
(c) n = 3r (d) none of these
10
Ans. (a) æx 3 ö 2 32
\Coefficient of x in ç - 2 ÷ 4
= ( -1) . 10 C2 .
Sol. In the expansion (1 + x)2n, t3r = 2nC3r-1(x)3r-1 è2 x ø 28
and tr+2 = 2nCr+1(x)r+1
Since, binomial coefficients of t3 r and tr+2 are equal. 45 ´ 9 405
= =
256 256
\ 2 n C3 r -1 = 2 n C r +1

Þ 3r -1 = r +1 or 2n = ( 3r -1) + ( r + 1) 3. If Cr stands for nCr, then the sum of the series

Þ 2r = 2 or 2n = 4r ænö ænö
2 ç ÷ ! ç ÷!
Þ r = 1 or n = 2r è 2 ø è 2 ø é C 2 - 2C2 + 3C 2 - .... + (-1) n (n + 1) C 2 ù
n! ë 0 1 2 nû

But r > 1
\ We take, n = 2r where n is an even positive integer, is equal to : (1986)
(a) (–1)n/2 (n + 2) (b) (–1)n (n + 1)
(c) (–1)n/2 (n + 1) (d) none of these
10
æx 3 ö
2. The coefficient of x 4 in ç - 2 ÷ is : (1983) Ans. (a)
è2 x ø
Sol. We have,

C20 -2C12 + 3C22 - 4C23 + . . . + ( -1) ( n + 1) C2n

405 504 n
(a) (b)
256 259

= éC20 - C12 + C22 - C23 + . . . + ( -1) C2n ù -

n
450 ë û
(c) (d) none of these
263

Ans. (a) éC2 -2C2 + 3C2 - . . . + ( -1) n nC2 ù

ë 1 2 3 nû

10
æx 3 ö
Sol. The general term in ç - 2 ÷ is n
è2 x ø n /2 n! -1 n n!
= ( -1) - ( -1) 2
n
æ öæ ön 2 æ ö ænö
n
ç ÷! ç ÷! ç ÷!ç ÷!
10 - r r è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø
r 10 æxö æ 3 ö
t r +1 = ( -1) Cr ç ÷ ç 2÷
è2ø èx ø

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 27

n! æ nö
n r n n -(n - r )
= ( -1 )
n /2 Let b = å = å
ç1+ ÷
Sol. n n
ænö ænö è 2ø r =0 Cr r =0 Cr
!
ç ÷ç ÷ !
è2ø è2ø
n 1 n n-r n n-r
=nå n
- å n
= nan - å n
r =0 Cr r =0 Cr r =0 Cn-r
æ nö ænö
2 ç ÷! ç ÷!
2 2
\ è ø è ø éC20 - 2C12 + 3C22 - . . . + ( -1) ( n + 1 ) C2n ù
r
n! ë û éQ nCr = nCn- r ù
ë û
= nan - b
ænö ænö
2 ç ÷!ç ÷!
2 2 n! (n + 2)
\ è ø è ø ( -1 )
n/2
= ( -1 )
n/2
(n + 2) n
n! ænö ænö 2 Þ 2b = nan Þ b = an
ç ÷!ç ÷!
è2ø è2ø 2

4. The expression [x + (x3 – 1)1/2]5 + [x – (x3 – 1)1/2]5 is a 6. If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1 – x)n, the coefficients of x
polynomial of degree : (1992) and x2 are 3 and –6 respectively, then m is : (1999)

(a) 5 (b) 6 (a) 6 (b) 9

(c) 7 (d) 8 (c) 12 (d) 24

Ans. (c) Ans. (c)

Sol. We know that,

é m ( m -1) 2 ù
(a + b)5 + (a - b)5 = 5C0a5 + 5C1a4b + 5C2a3b2 Sol. (1 + x ) m ( 1 - x ) n = ê1 + mx + x +...ú
ë 2 û
+ 5C3a2b3 + 5C4ab4 + 5C5b5 + 5C0a5 - 5C0a5 - 5C1a4b
+ 5C2a3b2 - 5C3a2b3 + 5C4ab4 - 5C5b5
é n ( n -1) 2 ù
= 2[a5 + 10a3b2 + 5ab4] ê1 - nx + x -...ú
ë 2 û
1/2 ù 5 1/2 ù 5
é
(
\ ê x + x 3 -1
ë
) é
(
3
úû + êë x - x -1 ) úû é m ( m -1) n ( n -1) ù
= 1 + ( m - n) x + ê + - mn ú x 2 + ...
ë 2 2 û
= 2[x5 + 10x3(x3 - 1) + 5x(x3 - 1)2]
Therefore, the given expression is a polynomial of degree
term containing power of x ³ 3.
7.
Now, m - n = 3 … (i)

n
1 n
r
[Q coefficient of x = 3, given]
5. If a n = å n , then å n equals : (1998)
r =0 Cr r =0 C r
1 1
and m ( m -1) + n ( n -1 ) - mn = -6
(a) (n – 1) an (b) n an 2 2

(c)
1
na n (d) none of these Þ m ( m -1) + n ( n -1) -2mn = -12
2

Ans. (c) Þ m2 - m + n2 - n - 2mn = -12

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 28 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

Þ ( m - n ) - ( m + n ) = -12
2
Þ n C 4 a n - 4 b4 = n C5a n -5 b5

Þ m + n = 9 +12 = 21 ... (ii)

a n C5 n - 4
Þ = =
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get m = 12 b nC4 5

ænö æ n ö æ n ö
7. For 2 £ r £ n, ç ÷ + 2 ç ÷+ç ÷ is equal to : (2000) 9. Let Tn denote the number of triangles which can be formed
è r ø è r -1 ø è r - 2 ø
using the vertices of a regular polygon of n sides. If
Tn + 1 – Tn = 21, then n equals : (2001)
æ n + 1ö æ n +1ö
(a) ç ÷ (b) 2 ç ÷ (a) 5 (b) 7
è r -1 ø è r -1 ø
(c) 6 (d) 4
Ans. (b)
æ n + 2ö æn +2ö
(c) 2 ç ÷ (d) ç ÷ Sol. Tn+1 - Tn = 21
è r ø è r ø
n+1
Ans. (d) Þ C3 - n C3 = 21

Þ n(n -1) = 42
æ n ö æ n ö æ n ö éæ n ö æ n ö ù
Sol. ç ÷ + 2ç ÷+ç ÷ = êç ÷ + ç ÷ú Þ n=7
è r ø è r -1 ø è r -2 ø ë è r ø è r -1 ø û

éæ n ö æ n ö ù æ n + 1 ö æ n + 1 ö æ n + 2 ö æ öæ 20 ö
m 10
æpö
+ êç ÷+ç ÷ú = ç ÷+ç ÷=ç ÷ 10. The sum å ç ÷ç ÷ , where ç ÷ = 0 if p > q, is maximum
-
ëè r -1 ø è r - 2 ø û è r ø è r -1 ø è r ø i =0 è i øè m i ø èqø

when m is : (2002)
éQ Cr + Cr - 1 =
n n n+1
Cr ùû
ë (a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 20
Ans. (c)
8. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n ³ 5 the sum of the
5th and 6th terms is zero. Then a/b equals : (2001) m æ 10 ö æ 20 ö
m
Sol. å ç ÷ç ÷ is the coefficient of x in the
i =0 è i ø è m - i ø
n -5 n-4
(a) (b)
6 5
expansion of ( 1 + x ) ( x + 1) 20,
10

5 6
(c) (d)
n-4 n -5 m æ 10 öæ 20 ö
m
Þ å ç ÷ç ÷ is the coefficient of x in the
Ans. (b) i =0 è i øè m - i ø
Sol. Given, T5 + T6 = 0
expansion of ( 1 + x )
30
n n-4 4 n n -5 5
Þ C4a b - C5 a b =0

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 29

m æ 10 öæ 20 ö æ 30 ö n -1 n n -1
Þ å ç ÷ç 30
÷ = C m = ç ÷ ... (i) = Cr = (k 2 - 3) Cr
i =0 è i øè m - i ø è mø r +1

æ nö r+1
and we know that, ç ÷ is maximum, when = k2 - 3 =
n
èr ø

é r +1 ù
êsince, n ³ r Þ n £ 1 and n, r > 0 ú
ì n ë û
ïï r = 2 , if n Î even.
æ nö
ç ÷ = í
è r ømax ï r = n ± 1 , if n Î odd. Þ 0 < k2 - 3 £ 1
ïî 2

Þ 3 < k 2 £ 4 Þ k Î é -2, - 3 È
ë ( 3, 2ù
û
æ 30 ö
Hence, ç ÷ is maximum when m = 15.
è mø
æ 30 öæ 30 ö æ 30 öæ 30 ö æ 30 öæ 30 ö
13. ç ÷ç ÷ - ç ÷ç ÷ + .... + ç ÷ç ÷ is equal to
è 0 øè 10 ø è 1 øè 11 ø è 20 øè 30 ø
11. Coefficient of t24 in (1 + t2)12 (1 + t12) (1 + t24) is : (2003) (2005)
30 60
(a) 12C6 + 3 (b) 12C6 + 1 (a) C11 (b) C10
30
(c) C10 (d) 65C55
(c) 12C6 (d) 12C6 + 2
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
Sol. Here, Coefficient of t24 in {(1 + t2)12 (1 + t12)(1 + t24)} æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 öæ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 öæ 30 ö
Sol. Let A = ç ÷ ç ÷ - ç ÷ç ÷ + ç ÷ ç ÷ - ... + ç ÷ç ÷
0 10 1
è ø è ø è øè ø è ø è ø11 2 12 è 20 øè 30 ø
= Coefficient of t24 in {(1 + t2)12 . (1 + t12 + t24 + t36)}
= Coefficient of t24 in \ A= 30 C0 × 30 C10 - 30 C1 × 30 C11 + 30 C2 × 30 C12 - ... + 30 C20 × 30 C30
= Coefficient of x20 in (1 + x)30(1 - x)30
{(1 + t2)12 + t12(1 + t2)12 + t24(1 + t2)12}; [neglecting t36 (1 +
t2)12]
( )
30 r
= Coefficient of x 20 in å ( -1)
r 30
24 12 12 12 12
Cr x 2
= Coefficient of t = ( C12 + C6 + C0) = 2 + C6 r =0
= (-1)10 30C10 [for coefficient of x20, put r = 10]
= 30 C10
12. If n – 1Cr = (k2 – 3) nCr + 1, then k belong to : (2004)

(a) (-¥, - 2] (b) [2, ¥) 14. For r = 0, 1, ...., 10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote, respectively, the
coefficient of xr in the expansions of (1 + x)10, (1+x)20 and
(c) éë - 3, 3 ùû (d) ( 3, 2] 10
(1 + x)30. Then åA
r =1
r (B10 Br - C10 A r ) is equal to (2010)
Ans. (d)
(a) B10 – C10 (
(b) A10 B10 - C10 A10
2
)
n -1 2 n
Sol. Given, C r = (k - 3) C r +1 (c) 0 (d) C10 – B10
Ans. (d)
Sol. Ar = Coefficient of xr in (1 + x)10 = 10Cr
Br = Coefficient of xr in (1 + x)20 = 20Cr

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 30 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

Cr = Coefficient of xr in (1 + x)30 = 30Cr 17. The coefficient of x99 in the polynomial

(x – 1) (x – 2) .... (x – 100) is ..... (1982)
10 10 10
\ å Ar (B10Br - C10 A r ) = å ArB10Br - å Ar C10 A r Ans. -5050
r =1 r =1 r =1
Sol. Coefficient of x19 in
10 10 (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3) …… (x - 99)(x - 100)
10 20 20 10 30 10
=å Cr C10 Cr - å Cr C10 Cr = - (sum of roots)
r =1 r =1
= -(1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100)
10 10 = - 5050
10 20 20 10 30 10
=å C10- r C10 Cr - å C10- r C10 Cr
r =1 r =1
18. If (1 + ax)n = 1 + 8x + 24x2 + ...., then a = ..... and n = .....
10 10
20 10 20 30 10 10
= C10 å C10- r . Cr - C10 å C10- r Cr (1983)
r =1 r =1 Ans. a = 2, n = 4

( ) ( )
Sol. Given,
20 30 30 20
= C10 C10 - 1 - C10 C10 - 1 (1 + ax)n = 1 + 8x + 24x2 + …

= 30
C10 - 20
C10 = C10 - B10 n ( n -1 ) 2 2
Þ 1 + anx + a x +... = 1 + 8 x + 24 x 2 + ...
2!
Coefficient of x 11 in
n ( n -1 )
15. the expansion of
(1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 is (2014) \ an = 8 and a2 = 24
(a) 1051 (b) 1106 2
(c) 1113 (d) 1120 Þ 8 ( 8 - a ) = 48
Ans. (c)
Þ 8-a =6 Þ a =2
Sol. Coefficient of xr in (1 + x)n is nCr.
Hence, a = 2 and n = 4
In this type of questions, we find different composition of
terms where product will give us x11.
Coefficient of x11 in (1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 19. Let n be a positive integer. If the coefficients of 2nd, 3rd,
and 4th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in A.P., then
Now, consider the following cases for x11 in
the value of n is ..... (1994)
(1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12.
Ans. n = 7
Coefficient of x0 x3 x8 ; Coefficient of x2 x9 x0
Sol. Let the coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion
Coefficient of x4 x3 x4 ; Coefficient of x8 x3 x0 of (1 + x)n is nC1, nC2, nC3.

= 4C0 ´ 7C1 ´ 12C2 + 4C1 ´ 7C3 ´ 12C0 + 4C2 ´ 7C1 According to given condition,
2(nC2) = nC1 + nC3
12 4 7 12
´ C1 + C 4 ´ C1 ´ C0
n(n -1) n(n -1)(n - 2)
Þ 2 =n+
= 462 + 140 + 504 + 7 = 1113 1.2 1× 2× 3

(n - 1)(n - 2)
Fill in the Blanks Þ n-1=1+
16. The sum of the coefficients of the polynomial 6
(1 + x – 3x2)2163 is ...... (1982)
n2 - 3n + 2
Ans. -1 Þ n-1=1+
6
Sol. Sum of coefficients is obtained by putting x = 1
i.e. (1 + 1 - 3)2163 = -1 Þ 6n - 6 = 6 + n2 - 3n + 2
Thus, sum of the coefficients of the polynomial (1 + x -
3x2)2163 is -1 Þ n2 - 9n + 14 = 0

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 31

Þ (n - 2)(n - 7) = 0 Þ n = 2 1 æ 1 ö
=Coefficient of in 2n ç 2 n ÷ (1 + x)2 n -1 (x -1)2 n
Or n = 7 x èx ø
= Coefficient of x2n-1 in 2n(1 - x2)2n-1(1 - x)
Analytical and Descriptive Questions.
= 2n(-1)n-1 . (2n - 1) Cn-1(-1)
2n 2 2n 2 2n 2 2n 2
20. Prove that : ( C0) – ( C1) + ( C2) + ... + ( C2n)
(2n - 1)! (2n)!
= (–1)n.2n Cn. (1978) = (-1)n (2n) = (-1)n n .n
(n - 1)! n! (n!)2
2n
1ö
Sol: ( 1+ x )2n æç 1- ÷ = -(-1)nn . Cn ….(3)
è xø
æ1ö
= [2nC0 + (2nC1)x + (2nC2)x2 + … + (2nC2n)x2n] Again, the coefficient of ç ÷ on the RHS
èxø
é
´ ê 2 n C0 -
ë
( 2n
C1 ) 1x + ( 2n
C2 ) x1 +... + (
2
2n
C2 n ) x1
2n
ù
ú
û (
= - C12 - 2.C22 + 3.C32 -... - 2n C2n
2
) ...(4)
Independent terms of x on RHS From Eqs. (3) and (4)
= (2nC0)2 - (2nC1)2 + (2nC2)2 - … + (2nC2n)2
C12 - 2.C22 + 3.C32 -... - 2n.C22 n = (-1)n n.C n
2n
2 n æ x -1 ö 1
( 1- x )
2n
LHS = ( 1+ x ) ç ÷ = 2
è x ø x 2n 22. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .... + Cnxn, then show that the
sum of products of the Ci’s taken two at a time represented
Independent term of x on the LHS = (-1) n.2nCn.
by S SCiCj is equal to 0 < i < j < n
(2n!)
21. Prove that : 2 2n -1 - (1983)
2(n!) 2
C - 2.C + 3.C - ...... - 2n.C = ( -1) n.C n
2 2 2 2 n
1 2 3 2n (1979)
Sol. We know that,
Sol. We know that, (1 + x)2n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 +…+ C2nx2n n n n n n n n
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 2 å å Ci C j = å å Ci C j - å å Ci C j = å Ci å C j - å C2i
0£ i < j £ n i = 0 j =0 i = 0 j =0 i =0 j =0 i =0
2n(1 + x)2n-1 = C1 + 2 . C2x + 3 . C3x2 +…
+ 2nC2nx2n-1 …(1) = 2 n2 n - ( 2n
)
C n = 22 n - 2n
Cn
2n
æ 1ö 1 1 1 1
and ç 1- ÷ = C0 - C1 . + C2 . 2 - C3 . 3 +...+C2n . 2n ...(2)
è xø x x x x 22 n - 2 nCn (2n)!
\ åå Ci C j = = 22 n -1 -
On multiplying Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 0£ i < j £ n 2 2(n!)2
2n
æ 1ö
2n (1 + x)2 n -1 ç 1- ÷ 23. Given sn = 1 + q + q2 + ..... + qn
è xø
q +1 æ q +1 ö æ q +1 ö
2 n

= éëC1 + 2 × C2 x + 3 × C3 x +... +2n × C2 n x2 2 n -1 ù

û´
Sn = 1 + +ç
2 è 2 ø
÷ + .... + ç ÷ ,q ¹ 1 .
è 2 ø
Prove that n+1C1 + n+1C2s1 + n+1C3s2 +
é æ1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 öù
ê C0 - C1 ç x ÷ + C2 ç 2 ÷ -..... + C2 n ç 2 n ÷ ú .... + n+1Cn+1sn = 2nSn (1984)
ë è ø èx ø è x øû n+1 n+1 n+1 n+1
Sol. C1 + C2s1 + C3s2 + … + Cn+1 sn

æ1ö n+1
n+1
Coefficient of ç ÷ on the LHS =å C r s r -1 , where sn = 1 + q + q 2 + ... + qn
èxø r =1

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 32 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

1- q n+1 æ1ö æ 1ö æ1ö

n n n
= = ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ +... upto m terms
1- q è2ø è 4ø è8ø

n+1
n+1 æ 1- qr ö 1 æ n+1 n+1 n+1 ö é æ 1 öm ù
\ å C r çç ÷÷ = ç å C r - å n+1 C r q r ÷
n ê1 - ç ÷ ú
r =1 è 1- q ø 1- q è r =1 r =1 ø æ 1 ö ê è 2n ø ú 2mn -1
=ç ÷ =
1 é
è 2 ø ê 1 - 1 ú 2mn 2n -1
ê ú ( )
= ( 1 + 1) n+1 - ( 1 + q ) n+1 ùû ëê 2n ûú
1-q ë

1 é n+1 2mn -1
2 - (1 + q ) ù ... ( i)
n+1
=
1- q ë û 2mn (2n -1)
2 n
æ q +1 ö æ q +1 ö æ q +1 ö
Also, Sn = 1+ ç ÷+ç ÷ +... + ç ÷ 25. Prove that C0 – 22 . C1 + 32 . C2 – ..... + (–1)n (n + 1)2 . Cn = 0,
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø n > 2 where Cr = nCr. (1989)
Sol. C0 - 22 . C1 + 32 . C2 - …+ (-1)n (n + 1)2. Cn
n +1
æ q +1 ö
1-ç ÷ n
2n+1 - ( q +1 )
n +1
è 2 ø = ... ( ii )
= å (-1)r (r +1)2 nCr
1-ç
æ q +1 ö 2n - ( 1 - q ) r=0
÷
è 2 ø n
= å (-1)r (r 2 + 2r +1) nCr
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), r=0
n+1 n+1 n+1 n+1 n
C1 + C2s1 + C3s2 + … + Cn+ 1sn = 2 Sn
n n n
= å (-1)r r 2 . nC r + 2 å (-1)r r. nC r + å (-1)r . nC r
24. Find the sum of the series : r=0 r=0 r=0

n
é 1 3r 7r 15r ù n n n
å ( -1) r n
Cr ê r + 2r + 3r + 4r ....upto mterms ú (1985) = å (-1)r . r(r -1). nCr +3. å (-1)r . r. nCr + å (-1)r nCr
r =0 ë2 2 2 2 û r=0 r=0 r=0

n n n
n
r n é 1 3r 7r 15r ù = å (-1)r n(n -1) n-2Cr -2 +3 å (-1)r n. n-1Cr -1 + å (-1)r nCr
Sol. å (-1) C r ê r + 2 r + 3 r + 4 r ...upto m terms ú r =2 r=1 r=0
r =0 êë 2 2 2 2 úû

n æ1ö n æ 3ö
r n r = n(n -1) { n -2
C0 - n -2 C1 + n-2C2 -... + (-1)n n -2
C n -2 }
= å (-1)r nCr ç ÷ + å (-1)r nCr ç ÷ + å (-1)r
r =0 è 2 ø r =0 è 4 ø r =0
{
+3n - n -1C0 + n -1
C1 - n -1
C2 + ... + (-1)n n -1
}
C n -1 +
r
æ7ö
n
C r ç ÷ + ... upto m terms
è8ø { n
C0 - n C1 + n C2 + ... + (-1)n n C n }
n n n = n(n -1).0 + 3n.0 + 0, "n > 2
æ 1ö æ 3ö æ 7ö
= ç 1- ÷ + ç 1- ÷ - ç 1- ÷ +... upto m terms = 0, "n > 2
è 2ø è 4ø è 8ø

é
( -1) r nCr x r = ( 1- x ) n ùú
n
êusing å 2n 2n

ë r =0 û 26. If å
r =0
a r (x - 2) r = å b r (x - 3)r
r =0
and ak = 1 for all k > n, then

show that bn = 2n + 1Cn + 1. (1992)

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 33

m
Sol. Let y = ( x - a ) , where m is a positive integer, r £ m
k

dy
27. Prove that å (-3) r -1 3n C2r -1 = 0 , where k = (3n)/2 and n is
Now, = m ( x - a )
m-1 r =1

dx an even positive integer. (1993)

Sol. Since, n is an even positive integer, we can write
d2y
= m ( m -1)( x - a )
m-2
Þ n = 2m, m =1, 2, 3, …
dx 2
3n 3 ( 2m )
3 Also, k = = = 3m
d y 2 2
= m ( m -1)( m - 2 )( m - 3 )( x - a )
m- 4
Þ 3
dx 3m
\ S = å ( -3)
r -1 6 m
............................................ × C2 r - 1
r =1
............................................
0 6m 3m- 1 6m
On differentiating r times, we get i.e. S = ( -3) C1 + ( -3) 6m
C3 +...+ ( -3) × C3m- 1 ...( i)
From the binomial expansion, we write
dr y
= m ( m -1 ) ... ( m - r + 1)( x - a )
m-r
(1 + x)6m = 6mC0 + 6mC1x + 6mC2 x2 + …. 6mC6m - 1 x6m - 1 + 6mC6m
dx r x6m …(ii)
(1 - x)6m = 6mC0 + 6mC1(-x) + 6mC2 (-x)2 + …. 6mC6m - 1 (-x)6m - 1 +
=
m!
( m - r )!
( x - a )m - r = r! ( m
Cr ) ( x - a) m- r 6m
C6m (-x)6m …(iii)
On subtracting Eq. (iii) from Eq. (ii), we get
(1 + x)6m -(1 - x)6m = 2[6mC1x + 6mC3x3 + 6mC5x5 + … + 6mC6m - 1
dr y
and for r > m, =0 x6m - 1]
dx r
( 1 + x ) 6 m - ( 1 - x )6 m
2n 2n Þ = 6 m C1 + 6 m C 3 x 2 + 6 m
Now, å ar ( x -2 ) = å br ( x - 3) .
r r
[given] 2x
r =0 r =0

On differentiating both sides n times w.r.t. x, we get C5 x 4 +... 6 m C6 m - 1 x 6 m - 2

2n 2n Let x2 = y
å ar ( n!) C n ( x -2 ) = å br ( n!) C n ( x - 3)
r r -n r r -n

( 1+ y ) - (1- y )
r =n r =n 6m 6m

On putting x = 3, we get Þ = 6 m C1 + 6 m C3 y + 6m C5 y2
2 y
2n
å ar ( n!) C n = ( bn ) n!
r
r =n +... + 6 m C6 m - 1 y 3 m - 1
[since, all the terms except first on RHS become zero] For the required sum we have to put y = -3 in RHS.
Þ bn = n C n + n - 1 C n + n + 2 C n
( 1+ -3 ) - ( 1- -3 )
6m 6m

[Qar = 1,"r ³ n] S=
2 -3

= ( n+2
)
C n + 1 + n + 2 C n + ... + 2 n C n
( 1+ i -3 ) - ( 1- i -3 )
6m 6m

= ... ( iv )
= n + 3 C n + 1 + ... + 2 n C n = ... 2i -3

= 2n Cn + 1 + 2n Cn = 2n + 1 Cn + 1 Let z = 1 + i 3 = r ( cos q + i sin q )

Þ r = z = 1+3 =2

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 34 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

p (1 + x + x 2 )(x 2 - x +1)n [(x 2 +1)2 - x 2 ]n

and q = = =
3 x2n x 2n
6m
Now z 6 m = éë r ( cos q + sin q ) ùû (1 + 2 x 2 + x 4 - x 2 )n (1 + x 2 + x 4 )n
= =
x 2n x 2n
= r 6 m ( cos 6m q + i sin 6m q )
Thus, a02 - a12 + a22 - a32 + ... + a22n
Again z = r ( cos q - i sin q )
1
= Coefficient of the term independent of x in (1+ x2 + x4)n
()
6m 2n
and z =r 6m
( cos 6m q - i sin 6m q ) x
2n 2 4 n
= Coefficient of x in (1 + x + x )
6m
Þ z 6m
-z =r 6m
( 2i sin 6m q ) ... (v) = Coefficient of tn in (1 + t + t2)n = an

From Eq. (i).

3! n æ n
Cr ö
z 6m
-z
6m
r 6m
( 2i sin 6m q ) 29. Prove that = å (-1) r ç r +3 ÷ (1997)
S= = 2(n + 3) r = 0 è Cr ø
2i 3 2i 3
n
n Cr
å ( -1)
r
6m
2 - sin 6m q p Sol. r +3
= = 0 as m Î z , and q = r =0 Cr
3 3
n r n! 3! n r n!
å ( -1 ) = 3! å ( -1)
28. Let n be a positive integer and r =0 ( n - r )!( r + 3)! r =0 ( n - r )!( r + 3)!
2 n 2n
(1 + x + x ) = a0 + a1x + ..... + a2nx .
n ( -1 ) × ( n + 3 ) !
r
3!
Show that a 0 - a1 + ..... + a 2n = a n .
2 2 2
(1994) = å
( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) r =0 ( n - r )!( r + 3)!
Sol. (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + … + a2nx2n …(i)
3! n r
-1
Replacing x by , we get = × å ( -1) × n + 3 C r +3
x ( n +1)( n + 2)( n + 3) r =0

3! ( -1 )
n 3
a1 a2 a3 a n+ 3
æ 1 1 ö s
× å ( -1 ) × n + 3 C3
ç 1- + 2 ÷ = a0 - + - 3 +... + 22nn ...(ii) =
è x x ø x x x x ( n +1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) s=3
Now, a02 - a12 + a22 - a32 +... + a22n = coefficient of =
-3! æ n+3 s n +3 ö n +3
å ( -1) × Cs ÷ - C0 + C1 - C2
n +3 n +3
ç
( n +1)( n +2)( n +3) è s=0 ø
the term independent of x in
-3! ì ( n +3)( n +2) ü
éa0 + a1x + a2x2 +...+ a2nx2n ù ´ éa0 - a1 + a2 -...+ a2n ù
= í0-1+ ( n +3) - ý
ë û êë x x2 ú ( n +1)( n +2)( n +3) î 2! þ
x2n û
= Coefficient of the term independent of x -3! ( n + 2 )( 2 - n - 3) 3!
= × =
n
( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) 2 2 ( n + 3)

( ) 1 1 ö
næ
in 1 + x + x 2 ç 1- + 2 ÷
è x x ø 30. For any positive integers m, n (with n > m),
n
( ) 1 1 ö
næ
Now, RHS = 1 + x + x 2 ç1- + 2 ÷
è x x ø

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 35

ænö
let ç ÷ = n C m . Prove that
èmø æ n ö æ n -1 ö æ n -2 ö æ m öù
=ç ÷+ç ÷+ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷ ú
è mø è m ø è m ø è m øú
æ n ö æ n -1 ö æ n - 2 ö æ m ö æ n +1 ö
ç ÷+ç ÷+ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷ = ç ÷ æ n -1 ö æ n -2 ö æ mö ú
èmø è m ø è m ø è m ø è m + 1ø +ç +
÷ ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷ú
è m ø è m ø è mø ú
Hence, or otherwise, prove that ú n - m +1 rows
æ n -2 ö æ mö ú
+ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷ ú
æ n ö æ n -1ö æ n - 2 ö æ m ö æ n+ 2 ö è m ø è mø ú
ç ÷ + 2ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ + .... + ( n - m + 1) ç ÷ = ç ÷
èmø è m ø è m ø èmø èm+ 2ø æmö ú
+ç ÷ ú
(2000)
è mø û
æ n ö æ n -1 ö æ n -2 ö æ m ö æ n +1 ö
Sol. Let S = ç ÷ + ç ÷+ç ÷ +... + ç ÷ = ç ÷ ... ( i )
è mø è m ø è m ø è m ø è m + 1ø æ n+1 ö
Now, sum of the first row is ç ÷.
It is obvious that, n ³ m. [given] è m + 1ø
Note This question is based upon additive loop.
æ n ö
Sum of the sec ond row is ç ÷.
æ m ö æ m + 1ö æ m + 2ö ænö è m +1ø
Now S = ç ÷ + ç ÷+ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷
èmø è m ø è m ø è mø
æ n ö
Sum of the third row is ç ÷.
ìïæ m + 1 ö æ m +1 ö üï æ m + 2 ö ænö è m +1ø
= íç ÷+ç ÷ý + ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷
îïè m + 1 ø è m ø þï è m ø è mø ………………………………………

é æ mö æ m + 1öù æ m ö æ m +1 ö
êQ ç ÷ = 1 = ç Sum of the last row is ç ÷ = ç ÷.
÷ú è m ø è m +1 ø
ë è mø è m + 1øû
æ n +1 ö æ n ö æ n -1 ö æ m+1ö æ n +1+1ö æ n +2 ö
æ m + 2ö æ m + 2ö ænö Thus, S= ç
m +1
÷ +ç
m+1
÷ +ç
m+1
÷ +...+ ç ÷ =ç ÷ =ç ÷
=ç ÷+ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷ è ø è ø è ø è m+1ø è m+2 ø è m+2ø
è m +1ø è m ø è mø
[from Eq. (i) replacing n by n + 1 and m by m + 1]
éQ n C r + n Cr +1 = n+1 Cr +1 ù
ë û 31. Prove that

æ m + 3ö ænö æ n öæ n ö æ n öæ n -1 ö k -2 æ n öæ n - 2 ö
=ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷ 2 k ç ÷ç ÷ - 2k -1 ç ÷ç ÷ + 2 ç ÷ç ÷ - .....
è m +1ø èmø è 0 øè k ø è 1 øè k -1 ø è 2 øè k - 2 ø
= ……………….
æ n öæ n - k ö æ n ö
+ (-1) k ç ÷ç ÷=ç ÷ (2003)
æ n ö æ n ö æ n +1 ö è k øè 0 ø è k ø
=ç ÷ +ç ÷ =ç ÷ , which is true. ... ( ii)
è m +1 ø è m ø è m +1 ø Sol. To show that

Again, we have to prove that 2k × n C0 × n Ck -2k-1 × n C1 × n - 1Ck - 1 +2k-2 × n C2 × n -2 Ck-2 -

æ n ö æ n -1ö æ n -2ö æ mö æ n +2 ö
- . . . + ( -1 )
k n
÷ +...+ ( n - m +1) ç ÷ = ç
n- k
= ç ÷ +2ç ÷ +3ç ÷ Ck C0 = n C k
è mø è m ø è m ø è mø è m +2ø
Taking LHS
æ n ö æ n -1 ö æ n -2 ö æ mö
÷ +...+ ( n - m +1) ç ÷ 2k × nC0 × nCk -2k-1 × n C1 × n - 1Ck - 1 + . . .+ ( -1) × nCk ×n - k C0
k
Let S1 = ç ÷ +2 ç ÷ + 3ç
è mø è m ø è m ø è mø

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 36 BINOMIAL THEOREM & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

k \ Required coefficient = 8
= å ( -1 ) .2k - r × n C r × n - r C k - r
r
r =0
34. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the
k n! ( n - r )! coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of
= å ( -1 ) 2k - r ×
r
× (1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 +…..+ (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3
r =0 r ! ( n - r )! ( k - r )! ( n - k )! for some positive integer n. Then the value of n is(2016)
Ans. (5)
k r n! k!
= å ( -1) .2 k-r
× × Sol. Coefficient of x2 in expansion is
r =0 ( n - k )! k ! r ! ( k - r ) !
= 1 + 3C2 + 4C2 + 5C2 + …+ 49C2 + 50C2m2
k ìk r 1 ü = 3C3 + 3C2 + 4C2 + … + 50C2 m2
= å ( -1) .2 Ck × Cr =2 × Ck í å ( -1) . r . k Cr ý
r k-r n k k n
= 4C3 + 4C2 + … + 50C2 m2 (Q nCr + nCr-1 = n+1Cr)
r =0 îr=0 2 þ
= 5C3 + … + 49C2 + 50C2 m2
k
æ 1ö = 50C3 + 50C2 m2 + 50C2 - 50C2
= 2k × n Ck ç 1 - ÷ = n C k = RHS
è 2ø = 51C3 + 50C2 (m2 - 1) … (i)
(3n + 1) . 51C3 = 50C2(m2 - 1) + 51C3

32. The coefficient of three consecutive terms (1 + x)n+5 are in

the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then, n is equal to (2013)
Þ 3n ×
51 50
3
× C2 = 50 C2 m2 -1( )
Ans. (6)
Sol. Let the three consecutive terms in (1 + x)n+5 be tr, tr+1, tr+2 m2 -1
Þ n=
having coefficients 51
n+5
Cr-1, n+5Cr, n+5Cr+1. which is satisfied by m = 16 and n = 5
Given, n +5
C r -1 : n+5
Cr : n +5
C r +1 = 5:10 :14 Þ n=5

n+5 n+5
Cr 10 C r +1 14
\ n+5 = and n+5
=
C r -1 5 Cr 10

n + 5 - ( r -1 ) n-r +5 7
Þ = 2 and =
r r +1 5
Þ n - r + 6 = 2r and 5n - 5r + 25 = 7r + 7
Þ n + 6 = 3r and 5n + 18 = 12r

n + 6 5n +18
\ =
3 12
Þ 4 n + 24 = 5n + 18 Þ n = 6

33. The coefficient of x 9 in the expansion of

(1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) … (1 + x100) is (2015)
Ans. (8)
Sol. In expansion of (1 + x)(1 + x2)(1 + x3) …
(1 + x100)
x9 can be found in following ways
x 9, x 1 + 8 , x 2 + 7 , x 3 + 6 , x 4 + 5 , x 1 + 2 + 6 , x 1 + 3 + 5 , x 2 + 3 + 4
The coefficient of x9 in each of the above 8 cases is 1.

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