Chap 2

CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the through
and in-depth search done by the researchers. Literature and other studies give
additional knowledge and idea to the researchers as a basis for better
understanding. This also presents the synthesis and conceptual framework,
research paradigm and hypotheses to fully understand the research to be done
and lastly the definition of terms for better comprehension of the study.
Review of Related Literature
Ergonomics is very important nowadays to research the relationship that

the worker has with the workplace, since it relies on a healthy atmosphere that
avoids stress and diseases, primarily caused by incorrect posture, affecting the
quality of life and organizational efficiency of the employee. Therefore, this study
aims to examine the various aspects. It affects working conditions by applying to a
gas station an ergonomic checklist of 128 factors grouped into 10 areas in
accordance with the use and development of Rapid Entire Body Assessment
(REBA) methods, the Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and the Nordic
questionnaire.
Organizations are working hard today to strengthen their employees'

morale and related awareness, skills and abilities to increase job performance.
Self-efficacy proved to have an influential role in job efficiency, among many
other variables. The main aim of the current study is to use a longitudinal analysis
to analyze the role of occupational self-efficacy in work success through intrinsic
motivation. The participants included 76 workers from various organizations
operating in Turkey's organized industrial area. For ten consecutive weeks,
participants filled out a weekly questionnaire. Multilevel analysis findings
validated our theories by demonstrating that occupational self-efficacy and
intrinsic motivation have a major effect on the performance of the job, and
intrinsic motivation in this relationship serves as a partial mediator. The study
results also reveal valuable knowledge to boost employee engagement and
efficiency for organizational and managerial activities.
Many nations have shut down part of the economy in order to slow COVID-
19. Older people have the most to benefit from stopping the diffusion of viruses.
Younger employees have the most to lose in industries which are shuttered. In
this paper, we construct a model in which economic activity and disease
progression are jointly determined. Individuals vary by age (young, retired), by
industry (basic, luxury), and by state of health. In the workplace, by consumption,
at home, and in hospitals, disease transmission takes place. For a government
that can redistribute between people, but where redistribution is expensive, we
research the optimal economic mitigation strategy. Optimal strategies for
redistribution and mitigation interact, and where redistribution is more
expensive, more moderate shutdowns are optimal. Optimal strategies for
redistribution and mitigation interact, and where redistribution is more
expensive, more moderate shutdowns are optimal. We think that the shutdowns
that were introduced in mid-April were too lengthy, but through the fall, a partial
shutdown could stay in place. If there is a vaccine imminent, a deeper and longer
shutdown is preferred.
The forgetfulness of the people of their own history, personality, and

today's art is no different from just forgetting it. Upon acquisition an
unrecognized stomach of food, watching the colour of life consumes television,
the opening of the eyes there is no other identifiable character but the individual
on the billboard, silently listening to the radio and operating without it, time
remembered, there is a history that does not just occur Pandadaig. If history is a
connected man's story, according to the description of Constantine is that art is
historical and associate man's sociological interpretation. The discussion of art is
not a separate discourse from the lecture. In literature, social debate is often
sociological and historical. The sense of perception is the creation of its own in
the History Definition. That is why it is so important to art in human history unless
there is an experience lived by art, nothing in history can survive.
Philippine unionism remains a vehicle for workers' voices and voices after
117 years. Representation, guaranteed by the Constitution and labor legislation,
in industrial relations. In 1902, the first Philippine union was formed. Interviews
and availability review. Philippine trade union leaders' documents and
statements, labor political party leaders' documents and statements. Groups and
staff organizations reflect varying degrees of social and social participation.
Beyond economic unionism, political unionism through collective bargaining. The
number and membership of Philippine trade unions has, however, remained
limited. And weak in terms of collective bargaining, therefore. The fragmenting of
labor unions is serious, and union rivalry tends to make the labor movement
stronger. The fact that representation in bargaining is subject to elections every
five years it contributes to a lot of union attacks around and within sectors, and so
unions invest rather than organizing new members, their efforts are competing
for current membership.
The Philippines is a democratic, developing nation with inhabitants of over

100 million people. It had a national gross income of $3,600 per capita in 2017,
ranking 112nd out of 169 additional countries. It's got a warped with 25% of the
population sharing 6.6 percent of the population, income distribution percentage
of the nation's resources, ranking 91st out of 158 nations on the inequality index
for Gini. In 2012, one-quarter of there was a population (26 million people) below
the national poverty line. While 12% were surviving on less than $1.90 a day.
Owing to a lack of health, the poor have poorer health outcomes. Having access
to healthcare. For instance, a child born to a person with poor families are twice
as likely as children to die by the age of five. This essay discusses the universal
health care program of the Philippines. The Kalusugan Pangkalahatanan is also
named (KP). Specifically, the financial characteristics of programs and health
results for the vulnerable. This is important because about one-quarter of the
people of the Philippines are living in poverty.
Review of Related Studies
A study by Ahmad (2011) investigates the work environment and employee

performance in Pakistan. It aims to test a model based on five dimensions of
work environment and their effect on the performance of employees. The
data were collected from 115 employees of Pakistan Telecommunication
Company Limited (PTCL) and processed through Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) to apply statistical tests, that is, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s
correlation and regression analysis, to investigate the relationship of the
selected variables. The results of the study reveal that most of the employees are
males working at the supervisory level. The Pearson’s correlation results show
that all the independent variables have strong and significant relationship with
employee performance, especially physical working conditions which reflect
the strongest positive and significant relationship. Whereas the results of
regression analysis reveal that performance of employees mostly depends
on physical working conditions, training and development and communication
practices. It was concluded that the entire hypotheses were upheld. The work
environment has an impact on an individual’s ability to work safely, competently
and in compliance with operational performance targets. It is necessary to train
the employees to efficiently and effectively handle the work overload. The current
study suggests that improvement in the working conditions leads to better
employees’ performance. It could result into improved performance of the
organization due to retention of employees and the retained employees try their
best to perform well at their work places.
Another study of Amir et al. (2013) attempted to find out the relationship of
work performance job satisfaction and among teachers of Cotabato City,
Philippines. Specifically, a significant relationship between teacher respondent
personal profile in terms of age, length of service, educational attainment and job
satisfaction and others. A total of 200 teachers teaching in elementary public
schools were selected and descriptive correlational design was used in order to
see relationships of the variables included in the study. Survey questionnaires
were distributed to the teacher respondents in twelve sample elementary schools
in Cotabato City Philippines. The study yielded that most of the teacher
respondents are female, married, earned a college degree with master’s unit, 11
to 15 years in service and belongs to 31-40 years age bracket. Regarding work
performance rating it was rated very satisfactorily. The age, highest educational
attainments and length of service were significant to the job satisfaction while sex
and civil status were noted having significant difference to job satisfaction.
Research Paradigm
Pandemic
Employee Motivation Work Performance
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
HYPOTHESIS
Complex Hypothesis
 Higher the motivation, higher the performance in a work, higher will be the
rate of labor.
 Lower the charge of gasoline, improved octane grades and modern

equipment, lower would be the get for service rendered.
Definition of Terms
 Motivation is the general desire or willingness of someone to do something

(Oxford Languages, n.d.).
 Work Performance is how well an individual performs a job, role, task or

responsibility (Simplicable, n.d.).
 Pandemic is an outbreak of disease that occurs over a wide geographic area

(such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant
proportion of the population (Merriam-Webster, n.d.).
 Employee is a person employed for wages or salary, especially at

nonexecutive level (Oxford Languages, n.d.).
 Gas Station is a retail station for servicing motor vehicles especially with
gasoline and oil (Merriam-Webster, n.d.).
 Gas Attendants are responsible for taking money from customers making
purchases from a gas station. In addition to fuel, customers may be
purchasing food, toiletries, lottery tickets, and other items (PayScale, n.d.).

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CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review of Related Literature

Ergonomics is very important nowadays to research the relationship that

Organizations are working hard today to strengthen their employees'

The forgetfulness of the people of their own history, personality, and

The Philippines is a democratic, developing nation with inhabitants of over

A study by Ahmad (2011) investigates the work environment and employee

Employee Motivation Work Performance

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

 Lower the charge of gasoline, improved octane grades and modern

 Motivation is the general desire or willingness of someone to do something

 Work Performance is how well an individual performs a job, role, task or

 Pandemic is an outbreak of disease that occurs over a wide geographic area

 Employee is a person employed for wages or salary, especially at

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