WEEK 5c

DIGOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QUARTER 2 (WEEK 5B)
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________ Date:___________

Topic: Nutrition: Getting Food to Cells
Learning Competencies:
Analyze and appreciate the functional relationships of the different organ systems in ensuring
animal survival (S11/12LT-IIIaj- 22)
Objective/s
1. Know the structure function relationship in the various organ systems.
2. Able to synthesize the various functions of the organ systems in the day-today activity of an
Individual.
3. Used their knowledge of physiological processes to understand the different diseases associated
with the organ systems.
Concept:
Animal nutrition is the process of taking in, taking apart and taking up the nutrients from a food
source. Food processing has four main stages: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and Elimination or
Egestion. In ingestion, or process of taking in food substances, the animal takes in food in different ways.
Microscopic animals, for instance, can use special cavities which can allow entrance of food or they can
use phagocytosis or pinocytosis wherein food particles are engulfed, thus, creating a food vacuole.
The importance of mechanical digestion should be highlighted as this have an implication in
acquisition of energy from our food. The easier to chemically digest food, the easier to obtain energy from
it. The different functions of the specialized compartments of the digestive tract should be highlighted to
prevent some misconceptions. Such as the function of the stomach is not only for digestion but also for
storage of food. Chemical digestion mainly happens in the small intestine, but it also occurs in the mouth
and the stomach. The different functions of the accessory glands should be discussed as they greatly aid in
the digestion of substances.
In other animals, such as in cnidarians (jellyfish, anemone, coral) where the entrance and exit of
food and waste is the same, the region where this occurs is called the gastrovascular cavity. Gastro for
digestion, vascular for circulation of movement of digested food. Below, the illustration shows how food
is processed in animals with gastrovascular cavities.
In other animals, with complete digestive system, where entrance and exit of food and wastes are
different, there are different mechanisms of ingestion depending on their evolutionary adaptation to their
food. The four main feeding mechanisms are filter feeding, substrate feeding, fluid feeding and bulk
feeding.
1. Filter feeding- uses adaptation in feeding food particles from the environment, which is usually
aquatic. Examples of these are clams, mussels, whales, etc.
2. Substrate feeding- animals live in or on their food source. Examples of this are the leaf miner,
maggots and other parasites.
3. Fluid feeding- animals suck nutrient-rich fluid from a host or a source. They have different
adaptations in order to get food such as the proboscis of mosquitoes, the long tongue of nectar feeding
bats and long beaks of hummingbirds.
4. Bulk feeding- animals, such as us humans, take in large particle sized food. Different animals
have acquired different adaptations such as tentacles, claws, venomous fangs, large mandible and teeth
which aids in killing prey or tearing off pieces of meat or vegetation
Activity 1. I’m Still There…Why?
During times, when the you eat vegetables, why are there some complete pieces or fragments of
the vegetables found with the feces, example, the malunggay leaves and pomelo fruits? Why aren’t there
meat or other tough food substance with it?
Activity 2.
List all the ingredients of the food they have that you prepared in your dinner, if you do not know
all the ingredients just give the main ingredient of the food. Classify if the food is mostly or high in
carbohydrates, proteins, fats or nucleic acids. You may write the classification using a table, diagrams or
any visual aid which can later be used in summing up the lesson.
What makes you decide as to what classification the ingredients of your food? What is your bases?

WEEK 5c

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DIGOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Name: ________________________ Grade & Section: _ Date:_____

Activity 1. I’m Still There…Why?

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