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    Failure of Swadeshi Mvement

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    Pratyush Srivastava
    The Swadeshi movement was launched in 1905 in Bengal as a protest against the partition of Bengal by the British. It encouraged the boycott of British goods and use of domestic products. While it helped arouse nationalist sentiments, the movement ultimately failed due to lack of strong organization, leadership disputes, and inability to attract widespread participation beyond upper and middle classes. However, it established techniques like non-cooperation that influenced later Gandhian movements and shifted the national movement towards more radical approaches.

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    Failure of Swadeshi Mvement

    Uploaded by

    Pratyush Srivastava
    59 views3 pages
    The Swadeshi movement was launched in 1905 in Bengal as a protest against the partition of Bengal by the British. It encouraged the boycott of British goods and use of domestic products. While it helped arouse nationalist sentiments, the movement ultimately failed due to lack of strong organization, leadership disputes, and inability to attract widespread participation beyond upper and middle classes. However, it established techniques like non-cooperation that influenced later Gandhian movements and shifted the national movement towards more radical approaches.

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    discusses the reasons of failure of swadeshi movement

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    failure of swadeshi mvement

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    The Swadeshi movement was launched in 1905 in Bengal as a protest against the partition of Bengal by the British. It encouraged the boycott of British goods and use of domestic products. While it helped arouse nationalist sentiments, the movement ultimately failed due to lack of strong organization, leadership disputes, and inability to attract widespread participation beyond upper and middle classes. However, it established techniques like non-cooperation that influenced later Gandhian movements and shifted the national movement towards more radical approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views3 pages

    Failure of Swadeshi Mvement

    Uploaded by

    Pratyush Srivastava
    The Swadeshi movement was launched in 1905 in Bengal as a protest against the partition of Bengal by the British. It encouraged the boycott of British goods and use of domestic products. While it helped arouse nationalist sentiments, the movement ultimately failed due to lack of strong organization, leadership disputes, and inability to attract widespread participation beyond upper and middle classes. However, it established techniques like non-cooperation that influenced later Gandhian movements and shifted the national movement towards more radical approaches.

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    Introduction 

    Indian  National  Congress  initiated  the  Swadeshi  movement  in  Bengal  against  the 
    announcement  of  the  partition  of  Bengal  in  July  1905  by  Lord  Curzon.  It  was  launched 
    as  a  protest  movement  which  also  gave  a lead to the Boycott movement in the country. 
    It led to the use of goods produced in India and burning British-made goods. 

    Body 

    Reasons for Failure 

    The movement threw up an entire gamut of techniques that later came to be 
    associated with Gandhian politics—noncooperation, passive resistance, filling of 
    British jails, social reform and constructive work. 

    However, the movement failed to create these techniques with a 


    disciplined focus and it lacked an effective organisation or a party 
    structure. 

    The movement aroused the people but did not know how to tap the newly 
    released energy or how to find new forms to give expression to popular 
    resentment. 

    Surat split​: internal squabbles among leaders, magnified by the Surat split 
    (1907), did much harm to the movement. 

    Leaderless movement​: the movement was rendered leaderless with most of the 
    leaders either arrested or deported by 1908 and with Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin 
    Chandra Pal retiring from active politics. 

    Limited participation​: the movement largely remained confined to the upper and 
    middle classes and zamindars, and failed to reach the masses—especially the 
    peasantry. 
    Impact of Swadeshi Movement 

    Change in strategy​: the movement was a turning point in modern Indian history. 
    It proved to be a “leap forward” in more ways than one. 

    The previously untouched sections like students, women, workers, some 


    sections of the urban and rural population participated. 

    The trend of the national movement moved from conservative moderation 


    to political extremism, from revolutionary activities to incipient socialism, 
    from petitions and prayers to passive resistance and non-cooperation, 
    emerged during the Swadeshi Movement. 

    Growth of indigenous industries​: the anti-partition agitation paved the way for 
    the development of indigenous industries, for example, Acharya PC Ray’s Bengal 
    Chemical Stores. This inculcated a feeling of self-reliance by reducing the 
    dependence on foreign goods. 

    Growth of national education​: the movement also increased the demand for 
    national education and numerous national schools and colleges came up in 
    various parts.  

    In1906, a N
    ​ ational Council of Education​ was set up. A National College 
    with Aurobindo Ghose as Principal was opened in Kolkata.  

    The movement led to the flourishing of the Bengali literature under 


    Rabindranath Tagore, Rajani Kanta Sen etc. 

    Attainment of swaraj​: Swadeshi, as a strategy, was a key focus of Mahatma 


    Gandhi, who described it as the soul of Swaraj (self-rule). It became an important 
    tool for Gandhian movements in Indian National Movement. 
    Conclusion 

    The  Swadeshi  Movement  was  not  successful  in  reaching  its  immediate  goals  but  it 
    provided  a  platform  for  the  national  freedom  struggle.  Later  it  showed  the  way  to 
    nationalist  leaders  to  prepare  the  masses  for  the  next  phase  of  struggle  under 
    Gandhiji’s leadership. 

    The movement was rendered leaderless with most the leaders either
    arrested or deported by 1908 and with Aurbindo Ghosh and Bipin
    Chandra Pal retiring from active politics.

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