Grade 11

CREATIVE WRITING
Module 1: Types and Techniques in Creative Writing
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021

____________________________________________________________________________
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Office: Feliza Bldg., Marañon St. Pob 2, Sagay City
Campus: National Highway, Poblacion 2, Sagay City, Negros Occidental
Tel.# 488-0531/ email: mdm_sagay2000@gmail.com.

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 Module 1: Types and Techniques in Creative
Writing

Lesson 1. Types and Techniques of Creative Writing

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the student shoul be able to:
1. Understand imagery, diction, figure of speech, and variations on language.
2. Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to evoke
meaningful responses from readers.
3. Produce short paragraphs or vignettes using imagery, diction, figures of speech, and
specific experiencies.
4. Understand the difference between Creative writing and technical writing.

What I know
Read the questions carefully and select the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided.
_____1. Which of the following is not a branch of Creative Writing?
a. essay
b. thesis
c. poetry
d. fiction
_____2. What’s the main purpose of description in a short story?
a. to show what the characters look like.
b. to fill up the story.
c. to help to add to the atmosphere and mood.
d. all of the above.

_____3. Which of the following would be the most suitable topic for a short story?
a. abduction by Aliens.
b. a significant moment in a character’s life.
c. an act of international terrorism.
d. same sex marriage.

______4. Which narrative method is used in the following sentence:

“I decided there and then that I was never going to see him again”?
a. first person
b. second person
c. third person
d. all of the above

______5. Writing that expresses ideas and thoughts in an imaginative way.

a. poetry
b. drama
c. creative writing
d. short story

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 What’s In

The images above show how our mind works when we are writing, and you will know later the
difference between technical and creative writing. Just explore yourself in this subject.

What’s
New
What is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is considered to be any writing, fiction, poetry, or non-fiction that goes outside
the bounds of normal professional, journalistic, academic, and technical forms of literature.
Works will fall into this category including novels, epic, short stories, and poems. Writing for the
screen and stage, screenwriting and playwriting respectively, typically have their own programs
of study, but fit under the creative writing category as well.

Types of Creative Writing Include:

 Poetry
 Plays
 Movie and Television Scripts
 Fiction (novels, novellas, and short stories)
 Songs
 Speeches
 Memoirs
 Personal Essays

Techniques used in creative writing include:

 Character development
 Plot development
 Vivid setting
 Underlying theme
 Point of view
 Dialogue
 Anecdotes
 Metaphors and similes
 Figures of speech
 Imaginative language

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  Emotional appeal
 Heavy description

Creative Writing vs. Technical Writing

There are writers all over the world in the two categories-and it boggles the mind to hear that
millions have been made from both creative writing and technical writing. Some have made
fortunes. While some have not made anything. Enjoyment can be gained from both types, but
it’s fair to say that they both serve different purposes. They both have their own dos and don’ts
and they both have their own rules. Both are governed by grammar and style. Both appear
everywhere. So what’s the difference?

What is It
Creative writing help students to be creative. This also encourages students
to think of all their writing as work in progress. Students will complete a portfolio of fiction and
poetry at the end of the semester, but much of their grade in this portfolio will hinge on how hard
they work at drafting and revising. In the process of doing the work, we will discuss questions
like, what makes a good story, a good Poem, What is creative writing as an academic discipline
and as a way of life? Where do our own stories and poems, and our own writing goals, fit in?
What value does creative writing have personally, socially, and politically?

Creative Writing is writing that expresses ideas and thoughts in an imaginative way. It's the art
of making things up or putting a creative splash on history, as in creative nonfiction. In both
instances, creative writing is an art form because you have to step out of reality and into a new
realm, inspired by your mental meanderings. In this capacity, you're able to express feelings
and emotions instead of cold, hard facts, as we do in academic writing.

Types of Creative Writing

Creative Writing has many types that can help you understand better and imaginatively
improve your writings. Types of Creative Writing are as follows:

 Poetry– is a type of literature, or artistic writing that attempts to stir a reader's

imagination or emotions. The poet does this by carefully choosing and arranging
language for its meaning, sound, and rhythm. Some poems, such as nursery rhymes,
are simple and humorous.
 Plays- a play is a piece of writing which is performed in a theatre, on the radio, or on
television.
 Movie and Television Scripts- a screenplay, or script, is a written work by
screenwriters for a film, television program, or video game. These screenplays can be
original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement,
actions, expression and dialogues of the characters are also narrated.
 Fiction- refers to literature created from the imagination. Mysteries, science fiction,
romance, fantasy, chick lit, crime thrillers are all fiction genres.
 Songs- is a short piece of music, usually with words. It combines melody and vocals,
although some composers have written instrumental pieces, or musical works without
words, that mimic the quality of a singing voice. The words of a song are called lyrics.
 Speeches- is communication through talking or a talk given to an audience. An example
of speech is a conversation between two people. An example of speech is the
presidential address.
 Memoirs- are factual stories about someone's life. 'Memoir' is from the French word
mémoire, which means 'reminiscence' or 'memory’. They are a part of the nonfiction
literary genre and are usually told in the first person.
 Personal Essays- it is a broad essay that often incorporates a variety of writing styles.
Most personal essay assignments ask writers to write about an important person, event

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 or time period in their life. The goal is to narrate this event or situation in a way that the
reader can fully experience and understand.

Techniques in Creative Writing

Creative Writing has many techniques that can help you understand better and imaginatively
improve your writings. Techniques in Creative Writing are as follows:

 Character development- refers to the process of creating a believable character in

fiction by giving the character depth and personality.
 Plot development- is the unfolding of a story - 'the plot' is the basic engine of a story,
that which dictates the actions of the characters and, hopefully, offers a satisfactory
solution for the viewer. A story must have a beginning, a middle and an end.
 Vivid setting- a vivid setting makes your fiction more believable. It can also build the
mood of your story, creating, mystery, suspense and even conflict. You can create vivid
settings with some hard work and diligent attention to detail.
 Underlying theme- the theme in a story is its underlying message, or 'big idea. 'In other
words, what critical belief about life is the author trying to convey in the writing of a
novel, play, short story or poem? This belief, or idea, transcends cultural barriers.
 Point of view- refers to who is telling or narrating a story. A story can be told in three
different ways: first person, second person, and third person.
 Dialogue- it refers to the words spoken between characters in a short story or novel. It
also refers to a character speaking to himself or herself within the short story or novel.
The fiction writer uses dialogue to reveal the personality of a character, create conflict,
and advance the narrative.
 Anecdotes- is a short story about a real person or event, usually serving to make the
listeners laugh or ponder over a topic. Generally, the anecdote will relate to the subject
matter that the group of people is discussing.
 Metaphors and similes- similes use the words 'like' or 'as' to compare. Metaphors differ
by saying that something is something else. Both allow an author to emphasize,
exaggerate, and add interest. They create a vivid picture in the reader's mind.
 Figures of speech- is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its
literal definition. It can be a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison. It can
be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic
effect.
 Imaginative language- creative writing involves playful but rigorous work with language.
A lot of people seem to associate creative writing with an "anything goes" mentality.
However, in order to produce a good text, poem, short story or dramatic scene, the
language needs to be correct and it needs to work.
 Emotional appeal- pathos represents an appeal to the emotions of an audience. An
emotional appeal uses the manipulation of the emotions rather than valid logic to win an
argument. Emotional appeal is a logical fallacy, whereby a debater attempts to win an
argument by trying to get an emotional reaction from the opponent and audience.
 Heavy description- a statement, picture in words, or account that describes; descriptive
representation. The act or method of describing heavily.

Creative Writing vs. Technical Writing

What is the difference between Creative writing and technical writing?

There are writers all over the world in the two categories-and it boggles the mind to hear that
millions have been made from both creative writing and technical writing. Some have made
fortunes. While some have not made anything. Enjoyment can be gained from both types, but
it’s fair to say that they both serve different purposes. They both have their own dos and don’ts

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and they both have their own rules. Both are governed by grammar and style. Both appear
everywhere. So what’s the difference?

A further look into Creative Writing

Creative writing is written to entertain and educate. We enjoy reading novels and stories, not
because they are necessary to read or helpful for us, just because we get a certain pleasure
from reading them, the pleasure which can’t be got from reading technical writing. Creative
writing has so many genres and sub-genres that they deserve a whole section of an article for
themselves. It sometimes follows a given set of rules, and sometimes throws caution to the
winds and breaks all of them. Either way, talent is somewhat of a necessary ingredient if you
want to write creatively. Of course, writing can be improved by practice. But if you don’t have the
necessary talent, your writing would not give pleasure to anyone.

A further look into Creative Writing

Technical writing is wholly written to inform and sometimes to trigger the person reading into
making an action beneficial to the one of the writer. It is not written to entertain. It has its own
set of rules, conventions, dos and don’ts, masterpieces and pieces of rubbish. There is a whole
art of mastering technical writing, although it’s too branched: online technical writing and offline
technical writing.

In summary, the difference between creative writing and technical writing are that, creative
writing is written mainly to entertain with the creativity of the mind and technical writing is written
mainly to inform in a formal manner or to incite the reader to make an action such as purchase
the writer’s product.

Technical Writing Creative Writing

Factual Fictional and imaginative
Informative, instructional or persuasive Entertaining, provocative and captivating
Clear, precise and straightforward Artistic, figurative, symbolic or even
vague
Objective Subjective
Specialized vocabulary Generalized vocabulary

Imaginative Writing vs. Academic Writing

 Creative writing is different to academic writing. Writing for websites is different to writing
for newspaper columns.
 Journal entries are different to writing press releases on behalf of a brand. Writing
purposes do vary. It’s important that when undertaking any writing you have a firm grasp
on this concept.

Let’s look at the Fundamental Differences between Academic and Creative

Writing

 The Principal Difference:

> Style is the chief difference between academic and creative writing.

> Creative writing need to adhere to any specific style parameters. Academic writing is
different.

> Academic writing needs to be structured and executed adhering to a series of

guidelines.

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 > Indeed so stringent are these guidelines that academic institutions include these
guidelines as part of their curriculum.

> One kind of writing – academic writing – is rigid, procedural purposed purely to convey
knowledge, data and information. It’s orderly, organized, and follows a formula. It is
necessary. It can be dull. Anyone can master it. Everyone should master it.

> The other kind of writing – creative writing – is inspired, artistic, and entertains with
word pictures, concepts and deep meaning. It is enjoyable to read. It touches us while
teaching us. It’s an art form. It’s not necessary to learn, but a joy to those who do.

> Academic writing will earn you A’s, creative writing may get you published. Academic
writing must be taught, but rarely is; creative writing is optional, but is almost always the
focus of writing curricula.

> Overall, creative writing allows for more personal expression whereas
academic/scholarly writing aims to explore an idea, argument, or concept.

> Academic writing requires more factual evidence for support, and presents challenges
such as the pressure of time.

> They each have their own purpose.

Sensory Details in Writing: Definitions and Examples

 The writer’s ability to create a gripping and memorable story has much to do with
engaging our five senses.

Sensory Details Definition

 Sensory details includes sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. Writers employ the five
senses to engage the reader’s interest. If you want your writing jump off the page, then
bring your reader to the world you are creating. When describing a past event, try and
remember what you saw, heard, touched, smelled, and tasted, then incorporate that into
your writing.
 Sensory details are used in any great story, literary or not. Think about your favorite
movie or video game. What types of sounds and images are used? What do your
favorite characters taste, smell and touch? Without sensory details, stories would fail to
come to life.
 When sensory details are used, your readers can personally experience whatever
you’re trying to describe, reminding them of their own experiences, and giving your
writing a universal feel. A universal quality is conveyed when the writer is able to
personally connect with the readers.
 Another note about sensory details: there is no one sense that’s more important than
another. It all depends on the scene you’re trying to create. However, imagery, the sight
sense, is a common feature in a vivid writing.

Let’s look at sensory details in action. Compare the following two passages
describing a trip to the grocery store.

 Here’s a passage without sensory details.

“I went to the store and bought some flowers. Then I headed to the meat department.
Later I realized I forgot to buy bread.”

 Now, does this pull you in? Of course it doesn’t. There’s nothing to bring you into the
writer’s world.

Read this revised version with the addition of sensory details:

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 “Upon entering the grocery store, I headed already for the flower department, where I
spotted yellow tulips. As I tenderly rested the tulips in my rusty shopping cart, I caught a
whiff of minty dried eucalyptus, so I added the fragrant forest green bouquet of
eucalyptus to my cart. While heading for the meat department, I smelled the stench of
seafood, which made my appetite disappear.”

 See how the extra details made that scene come to life.
 Writing the senses is an important part of writing well. Adjectives bring writing to life and
pull the reader into the text and help activate his or her imagination.

 Sensory details help the reader feel like he or she was there and create a more intimate
connection to the narrator or writer and a greater understanding of the text. Adjectives
help set mood and tone in the text and help establish a strong voice.

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Understanding Types and Techniques in Creative Writing

There are types and techniques in Creative Writing; both can help you improve your
writings, and make it more interesting to the audience. Develop the things you already
know and use those ingredients to create a good and creative output.

ACITVITY: Modified True or False

DIRECTION: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and correct the statement if it is FALSE.
Underline the incorrect word/words and write the correct answer on the space provided.

__________________1. Creative Writing is writing that expresses ideas and thoughts in a

beautiful way.

__________________2. Figures of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate

meaning from its literal definition.

__________________3. 'Memoir' is from the French word mémoire, which means

'reminiscence' or 'emotion’.

__________________4. Fiction is a written stories about people and events that are real.

__________________5. Nonfiction is a branch of literature comprising works of narrative prose

dealing with or offering opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality.

What I Have Learned

 Creative Writing is writing that expresses ideas and thoughts in an imaginative way. It's
the art of making things up or putting a creative splash on history, as in creative
nonfiction. In both instances, creative writing is an art form because you have to step out
of reality and into a new realm, inspired by your mental meanderings. In this capacity,
you're able to express feelings and emotions instead of cold, hard facts, as we do in
academic writing.
 Types of Creative Writing
 Poetry
 Plays
 Movie and Television Scripts
 Fiction (novels, novellas, and short stories)
 Songs
 Speeches
 Memoirs

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  Personal Essays

 Creative writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional,

journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis
on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes or with various
traditions of poetry and poetics.
 Techniques in Creative Writing
 Character development
 Plot development
 Vivid setting
 Underlying theme
 Point of view
 Dialogue
 Anecdotes
 Metaphors and similes
 Figures of speech
 Imaginative language
 Emotional appeal
 Heavy description

 Creative writing is therefore generally defined as writing that is imaginative, created,

productive and original. This generally covers all areas of fiction, such as novels, short
stories, poetry etc. but can also include non-fiction, such as feature articles for
magazines.
 The differences between creative writing and technical writing are that creative
writing is written mainly to entertain with the creativity of the mind and technical
writing is written mainly to inform in a formal manner or to incite the reader to make an
action such as purchase the writer's product.

What I Can Do

Let’s Reflect!
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart
below.

I thought…..
What were your
thoughts or ideas →
about the Creative
Writing, its types and →
techniques prior to
the discussion of →
this lesson?

I learned that…..
What new or
additional ideas you →
learn after taking up
this lesson? How →
can you apply that in
your lives? →

Assessment

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MULTIPLE CHOICE
DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Who is the person with which the main character has conflict?
a. protagonist
b. antagonist
c. bad guy
d. principal

2. What is sensory writing?

a. writing with your feet
b. writing about emotions
c. including details about what one can sense
d. including details on a story to make you cry

3. What do you need to consider when writing a story?

a. teacher
b. classmates
c. audience
d. yourself

4. What is the tone of a story?

a. the word choice
b. the setting
c. author’s feeling towards the story
d. reader’s feeling towards the story

5. What do we call for a central thought in every story?

a. characters
b. theme
c. plot
d. density

Additional Activities
Complete the semantic web below with a word or group of words relevant to creative writing.

DEFINITION

TYPES CREATIVE WRITING TECHNIQUES

CREATIVE WRITING
vs.
TECHNICAL
WRITING

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CREATIVE WRITING TECHNICAL WRITING
Lesson 2. Language Use in Creative Writing
Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the student shoul be able to:
1. Understand imagery, diction, figure of speech, and variations on language.
2. Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to evoke
meaningful responses from readers.
3. Produce short paragraphs or vignettes using imagery, diction, figures of speech, and
specific experiencies.
4. Understand the difference between Creative writing and technical writing.

What’s In

The images above show imagery, symbolism, and figurative language used in creative writing.
Just explore yourself in this subject.

What’s
New
LANGUAGE USE IN CREATIVE WRITING
This may include imagery, symbolism, and figurative language that can add up to your writings
to be more creative.

What is Imagery?

 Imagery is language used by poets, novelist, and other writers to create images in the
mind of the reader. Imagery includes the figurative and metaphorical language to
improve the reader’s experience through their senses.

TYPES OF IMAGERY

Visual- Describes what we see: (Color, shapes, pattern, size)

Auditory- Describes what we hear: (Music, silence, noise)
Olfactory- Describes what we smell: (Nice fragrances, bad odors)
Gustatory- Describes what we taste: (Sour, sweet, acidic, bitter, salty)
Tactile- Describes what we touch or feel: (Texture, movement, temperature)

What is Symbolism?

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  Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic
meanings that are different from their literal sense.

What is Figurative Language?

 Figurative language uses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and

impactful.

FIGURES OF SPEECH

 Simile
 Metaphor
 Personification
 Onomatopoeia
 Oxymoron
 Hyperbole
 Allusion
 Idiom
 Imagery
 Symbolism
 Alliteration
 Assonance
 Consonance
 Metonymy
 Synecdoche
 Irony
 Sarcasm
 Litotes
 Pun
 Anaphora
 Tautology

 Understatement

What is It
Language use refers to the communicative meaning of language. It can be
compared to usage, which refers to the rules for making language and the structures we use to
make it. A key stage in awareness of how English works is when learners understand that
usage and use are not necessarily connected.

Imagery is language used by poets, novelists and other writers to create images in the mind of
the reader. Imagery includes figurative and metaphorical language to improve the reader’s
experience through their senses.

VISUAL IMAGERY
Visual imagery describes what we see: comic book images, pain tings, or images directly
experienced through the narrator’s eyes. Visual imagery may include:
1. Color, such as: burnt red, bright orange, dull yellow, verdant green, and Robin’s egg blue.
2. Shapes such as: square, circular, tubular, rectangular, and conical.
3. Size such as: miniscule, tiny, small, medium-sized, large, and gigantic.
4. Pattern such as: polka-dotted, striped, zigzagged, jagged, and straight.

AUDITORY IMAGERY
Auditory imagery describes what we hear, from music to noise to pure silence. Auditory
imagery may include:
1. Enjoyable, sounds such as: beautiful music, birdsong, and the voices of a chorus.
2. Noises, such as: the bang of a gun, the sound of a broom moving across the floor, and the
sound of a broken glass shattering on the hard floor.

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3. The lack of noise describing a peaceful calm or eerie silence.

OLFACTORY IMAGERY
Olfactory imagery describes what we smell. Olfactory imagery may include:
1. Fragrances, such as: perfumes, enticing food and drink, and blooming flowers.
2. Odors, such as: rotting trash, body odors, or a stinky wet dog.

GUSTATORY IMAGERY
Gustatory imagery describes what we taste. Gustatory imagery may include:
1. Sweetness, such as: candies, cookies, and desserts.
2. Sourness, bitterness, and tartness, such as: lemons and limes.
3. Saltiness, such as: pretzels, French fries, and pepperonis.
4. Spiciness, such as: salsas, and curries.
5. Savoriness, such as: a steak dinner or thick soup.

TACTILE IMAGERY
Lastly, tactile imagery describes what we touch or feel. Tactile imagery includes:
1. Temperature, such as: bitter cold, humidity, mildness, and stifling heat.
2. Texture, such as: rough, ragged, seamless, and smooth.
3. Touch, such as: hand-holding, one’s in the grass, or the feeling of starched fabric on one’s
skin.
4. Movement, such as: burning muscles from exertion, swimming in cold water, or kicking a
soccer ball.

SYMBOLISM

Symbolism can take different forms. Generally, it is an object representing another, to give
an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant. Sometimes, however, an
action, an event or a word spoken by someone may have a symbolic value. For instance,
“smile” is a symbol of friendship. Similarly, the action of someone smiling at you may stand as a
symbol of the feeling of affection which that person has for you.

Symbolic Colors
Symbolism is often found in colors:
 Black is used to represent death or evil.
 White stands for life and purity.
 Red can symbolize blood, passion, danger, or immoral character.
 Purple is a royal color.
 Yellow stands for violence or decay.
 Blue represents peacefulness and calm.
Symbolic Objects
Everyday objects are often used to symbolize something else:
 A chain can symbolize the coming together of two things.
 A ladder can represent the relationship between heaven and earth or ascension.
 A mirror can denote the sun but, when it is broken, it can represent an unhappy union or
a separation.
Flowers as Symbols
Even flowers possess symbolism:
 Roses stand for romance.
 Violets represent shyness.
 Lilies stand for beauty and temptation.
 Chrysanthemums represent perfection.
Animals as Symbols

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When we read a book or enjoy a poem, any animals added to the story can convey a message
or work as part of the theme. Let's take a look at a few examples:
 A bear might represent courage or danger.
 A butterfly can symbolize great transformation.
 A dog often stands for loyalty or devotion.
 A serpent might symbolize corruption or darkness.

Weather as Symbols
Also in works of literature, a writer might spend a moment describing the weather in a particular
scene. This is likely for a reason. Let's take a look at a few examples:
 Fog might represent a bad omen or something terrible on the horizon.
 Storms usually symbolize hostility or turmoil.
 Snow often comes with a message of calmness or purity.
 Wind might be used to symbolize power or strength.
Metaphors as Symbolism
A metaphor is a figure of speech that uses symbolism. It compares two things that aren't similar
and proves they actually have something in common. In a metaphor, there is an additional
meaning to a word. This makes it an example of symbolism.

Examples of symbolism that take the form of metaphors include:

 Time is money: This is symbolic because it warns you that, when you spend your time,
you're giving up the opportunity to be doing something else with that time (like making
more money). Just as when you spend your money, you give up your chance to do
something else with the money. Further, like money, time is finite.
 Life's a roller-coaster: This is symbolic because it indicates that there will be ups and
downs in life that you have to weather.
 He's my rock: This is symbolic because it signifies he's strong and dependable. He will
keep you grounded.
 Love is a jewel: This is symbolic because it suggests that love is rare and precious.
Allegory as Symbolism
Sometimes symbolism takes the form of a literary tool called an allegory. An allegory is an
extended use of symbolism and metaphors. A story, a poem, or even a whole book can be an
allegory and the symbolism will permeate throughout.

One example of an allegory is the monologue from Shakespeare in his play As You Like It.
All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and
their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts.

This is symbolic of the fact that people are putting on a show and that they play many roles over
the course of their lives.

Symbolism in Art

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 Typically, artists want to say something with their work and symbols are a great way for them to
communicate. In this medium, symbols are often tangible items, like an animal, object, or plant.

Symbolism can also be found in the very colors artists choose to paint with. Colors convey
various messages. Perhaps an artist will use a lot of white to emote hope or black to indicate
sadness. Let's consider two important periods in art history and see how symbolism affected the
work produced during that time.

Symbolism in Literature
Symbolism is often used by writers to enhance their writing. Symbolism can give a literary work
more richness and color and can make the meaning of the work deeper.
In literature, symbolism can take many forms, including:
 A figure of speech where an object, person, or situation has another meaning other than
its literal meaning
 The actions of a character, word, action, or event that have a deeper meaning in the
context of the whole story

Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, and allusions go beyond the literal meanings of
the words to give readers new insights. On the other hand, alliterations, imageries, or
onomatopoeias are figurative devices that appeal to the senses of the readers.

 Simile- A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between

two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words
“like” or “as.” Therefore, it is a direct comparison.

 Metaphor- A Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or

hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common
characteristics. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made
based on a single or some common characteristics.
 Personification- Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing – an idea or
an animal – is given human attributes.
 Onomatopoeia- Onomatopoeia, pronounced on-uh-mat-uh–pee–uh, is defined as a
word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing
described, making the description more expressive and interesting.
 Oxymoron- is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an
effect. The common oxymoron phrase is a combination of an adjective proceeded by
a noun with contrasting meanings, such as “cruel kindness,” or “living death”.
 Hyperbole- derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting,” is a figure of
speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
 Allusion- is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical,
cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to
which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess
enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text.
 Idiom- the term idiom refers to a set expression or a phrase comprising two or more
words. An interesting fact regarding the device is that the expression is not interpreted literally.
The phrase is understood to mean something quite different from what individual words of the
phrase would imply. Alternatively, it can be said that the phrase is interpreted in a figurative
sense. Further, idioms vary in different cultures and countries.
 Imagery- means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in
such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.
 Symbolism- Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving
them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.
 Alliteration- is derived from Latin’s “Latira”. It means “letters of alphabet”. It is a stylistic
device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close
together in a series.

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 Assonance- takes place when two or more words, close to one another repeat the
same vowel sound, but start with different consonant sounds.
 Consonance- refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within
a sentence or phrase. This repetition often takes place in quick succession, such as in “pitter,
patter.”
 Metonymy- is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of
something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples of metonymy
both from literature and in everyday life.
 Synecdoche- is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole, or it
may use a whole to represent a part. Synecdoche may also use larger groups to refer to smaller
groups, or vice versa. It may also call a thing by the name of the material it is made of, or it may
refer to a thing in a container or packaging by the name of that container or packing.
 Irony- is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended
meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that ends
up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. In simple words, it is a difference
between appearance and reality.
 Sarcasm- is derived from the French word sarcasmor, and also from the Greek
word sarkazein, which means “tear flesh,” or “grind the teeth.” Somehow, in simple words it
means to speak bitterly.
 Litotes- derived from a Greek word meaning “simple,” is a figure of speech that employs
an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, a positive statement expressed
by negating its opposite expressions.
 Pun- A pun is a joke based on the interplay of homophones — words with the same
pronunciation but different meanings. It can also play with words that sound similar, but not
exactly the same. The joke’s humor (if any) comes from the confusion of the two meanings.
 Anaphora- In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of
the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora.
 Tautology- is the repetitive use of phrases or words that have similar meanings. In
simple words, it is expressing the same thing, an idea, or saying, two or more times. The word
tautology is derived from the Greek word tauto, meaning “the same,” and logos, meaning “a
word or an idea.” A grammatical tautology refers to an idea repeated within a phrase,
paragraph, or sentence to give an impression that the writer is providing extra information.

Understatement- is when a writer presents a situation or thing as if it is less important or

serious than it is in reality. It describes something with less strength than would be expected.
Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole or overstatement.

What’s More
Activity 1.1 Understanding the Language Use in Creative Writing

There are two ways you can understand a Binary Test specifically in TRUE or False Test. First,
Find the term that being defined in the sentence and look the negative or positive word because
that will serve you as a clue in answering the questions.
EXERCISE!
Write TRUE if the statement is CORRECT and change the statement if it is FALSE. Underline
the incorrect word/words and write your correct answer on the space provided.
______________________1. Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects,
actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.
______________________2. Personification is the use of symbols to signify ideas and
qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.

______________________3. “She ate seven sandwiches on a sunny Sunday last year.” is an

example of Assonance.

______________________4. Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting,” is

a figure of speech that involves a simplest form of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
______________________5. Tautology is the repetitive use of phrases or words that have
similar meanings.

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______________________6. “The sack fell into the river with a splash”, is an example of
Onomatopoeia.
______________________7. “Shout it, shout it, shout it out loud!” is an example of Assonance.
______________________8. The term idiom refers to a set expression or a sentence
comprising two or more words. An interesting fact regarding the device is that the expression is
not interpreted literally.
______________________9. A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing
similarities between two different things.
______________________10. Sarcasm is derived from the French word sarcasmor, and also
from the Greek word sarkazein, which means “tear flesh,” or “grind the teeth.”

What I Have Learned

 Imagery is language used by poets, novelist, and other writers to create images in the
mind of the reader. Imagery includes the figurative and metaphorical language to improve
the reader’s experience through their senses.

TYPES OF IMAGERY

Visual- Describes what we see: (Color, shapes, pattern, size)

Auditory- Describes what we hear: (Music, silence, noise)
Olfactory- Describes what we smell: (Nice fragrances, bad odors)
Gustatory- Describes what we taste: (Sour, sweet, acidic, bitter, salty)
Tactile- Describes what we touch or feel: (Texture, movement, temperature)

 Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic
meanings that are different from their literal sense.

 Figurative language uses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and

impactful.

FIGURES OF SPEECH

 Simile
 Metaphor
 Personification
 Onomatopoeia
 Oxymoron
 Hyperbole
 Allusion
 Idiom
 Imagery
 Symbolism
 Alliteration
 Assonance
 Consonance
 Metonymy
 Synecdoche
 Irony
 Sarcasm
 Litotes
 Pun
 Anaphora
 Tautology

 Understatement

What I Can Do
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 Let’s Reflect!

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below.

I thought…..
What were your →
thoughts or ideas
about figurative →
language prior to the →
discussion of this
lesson?
I learned that…..
What new or →
additional ideas you
learn after taking up →
this lesson? How →
can you apply that in
your lives?

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare to dissimilar things is called:
a. Onomatopoeia
b. Simile
c. Personification
d. Alliteration
2. Sally sells seashells by the seashore. This is an example of:
a. Personification
b. Metaphor
c. Simile
d. Alliteration
3. My sister's room is a pig pen. This is an example of:
a. Personification
b. Metaphor
c. Simile
d. Alliteration
4. Sounds words such as BANG, BAM, and BOING are examples of:
a. Simile
b. Idiom
c. Onomatopoeia
d. Metaphor
5. The type of figurative language that has a special meaning different from the actual meaning
is called:
a. Idiom
b. Alliteration
c. Simile
d. Expression

Additional Activities
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Using a minimum of 250 words, write an essay of how you understand imagery, symbolism and
figurative language, and how it give spices to make your writings more creative.

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