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    Kashmir Issue Past Present Future

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    Thomos Shelby
    The document summarizes the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region. It outlines the history of the conflict from the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar that sold Kashmir to the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to Britain, through the various wars and ceasefires between India and Pakistan over control of the region since their independence in 1947. It also discusses the revocation of Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution by India in 2019 that removed the special autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir. The document concludes by recommending diplomatic and advocacy efforts to raise awareness of the issue internationally.

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    Kashmir Issue Past Present Future

    Uploaded by

    Thomos Shelby
    59 views30 pages
    The document summarizes the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region. It outlines the history of the conflict from the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar that sold Kashmir to the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to Britain, through the various wars and ceasefires between India and Pakistan over control of the region since their independence in 1947. It also discusses the revocation of Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution by India in 2019 that removed the special autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir. The document concludes by recommending diplomatic and advocacy efforts to raise awareness of the issue internationally.

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    The document summarizes the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region. It outlines the history of the conflict from the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar that sold Kashmir to the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to Britain, through the various wars and ceasefires between India and Pakistan over control of the region since their independence in 1947. It also discusses the revocation of Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution by India in 2019 that removed the special autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir. The document concludes by recommending diplomatic and advocacy efforts to raise awareness of the issue internationally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views30 pages

    Kashmir Issue Past Present Future

    Uploaded by

    Thomos Shelby
    The document summarizes the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region. It outlines the history of the conflict from the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar that sold Kashmir to the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to Britain, through the various wars and ceasefires between India and Pakistan over control of the region since their independence in 1947. It also discusses the revocation of Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution by India in 2019 that removed the special autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir. The document concludes by recommending diplomatic and advocacy efforts to raise awareness of the issue internationally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30

    GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

    Current Affairs
    By
    Dr.Hassan Junaid

    Kashmir Issue
    Past,Present &
    Future
    Treaty of Amritsar
    • In march 1846 done between British and
    Maharaja Gulab Singh
    • British sold kashmir to Mahraja Gulab
    singh
    • 75 lac Nanakshahe rupees
    • So kashmir became princely state
    Kashmir Conflict
    • The Kashmir conflict is a territorial
    dispute between India and Pakistan over
    the Jammu and Kashmir regions of South
    Asia
    Kashmir Conflict
    • India and Pakistan have fought several
    wars over Kashmir, called the Indo-
    Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965 and 1999.
    Map of Kashmir
    History-1947
    • August 1947- India and Pakistan gain
    independence from Britain
    • Question of princely states arose
    • Hari singh was Mahraja of kashmir
    • He was against the aspiration of Muslim
    kashmiris
    • In September 1947 – Revolt occur,Muslims are
    killed in Jammu and thousands flee
    • In October 1947
    – Pakistani tribals people attacks Kashmir
    – India sends in troops to Kashmir but Pakistan has
    captured a large area of the state.
    Split of Kashmir
    • Pashtans and Poonch rebels invade Kashmir
    • Maharaja of Kashmir turns to India for help
    • signs instrument of accession acceding 75% of the region
    to India
    • 1947 Pakistan declares accession as illegal and invades
    • 1948-1949 UN intervention results in ceasefire
    • Leaves India in control of most of Kashmir while Pakistan
    gains Azad Kashmir
    1948-1964
    • 1948- India takes the issue to the United
    Nations Security Council
    • January 1948 - India and Pakistan
    finally agree to withdraw all troops
    behind a mutually agreed ceasefire line
    (Line of Control)
    • October 1949- Indian Constituent
    Assembly adopts Article 370 of the
    constitution, giving special status and
    internal autonomy for Kashmir.
    • Dixon report 1950
    • Liaqat nehru meeting 1951
    • Bandung conference 1955 Indonesia
    • Ayub meeting with Nehru 1959-1960
    • Foreign ministers 06 round of talks
    1962-1963( Z.A.Bhuto vs Sardar
    Swarn singh)
    1965-1986
    • 1965- India and Pakistan go to war after Pakistan launches
    Operation Gibraltar in August, sending armed infiltrators
    across the ceasefire line.
    • 1966- Pakistan and India agree to revert to pre-1965
    positions. Tashkent declaration 1966
    • 1972-India and Pakistan sign the Simla Agreement, which
    declares that the issue will be settled in the future and both
    sides shall respect the ceasefire line
    • 1982- Sheikh Abdullah dies. His son, Farooq Abdullah,
    takes over the National Conference.
    1987-1999
    • 1987- Farooq Abdullah wins election
    • 1988- Anti-India protests begin by Pakistan citizens
    • 1989-1990- Armed movement against India begins-
    Pakistan accuses India of arming their fighters
    – 100 killed when India fires at unarmed protesters
    • 1996-1998- India and Pakistan engage in
    low level dialogue discussing peace
    agreements
    • 1999- Insurgents infiltrate vacant
    mountain peaks
    Kargil War (1999)
    • Kashmir goes through tons of different leaders
    • Very unstable
    • Pakistani soldiers invade onto Indian territory -> start of
    Kargil war
    • Seen as very dangerous because of Nuclear weapons
    • None were used
    • Results in 1000 soldiers and hundreds of civilians dead
    Kashmir 2000-2020
    Kashmir is This
    But Also… THIS
    Kasmir issue in 21 st century
    • Mushraf 2000-2008
    • zardari 2008-2013
    • Nawaz 2013-2018
    • Imran khan(2018-2020)
    • Article 370 & 35a 05 Aug 2019
    • Citizin Amendement Act
    Musharaff to Imran era
    • Jammu kashmir assembly’s autonomy
    resolution 2000
    • President Mushraff meeting with Vajpayee
    in 2001
    • Attack on Srinagar assembly 2001
    • Musharaff chenab Formula 2005
    • Mumbai attacks 2008
    • Burhan wani death 2016
    2019-2020
    • Attack on soldiers pulwama attack 14 feb
    2019( Adeel dar)
    • 27 Feb 2019 Air force action
    • Abhi.nandan arrested
    Revocation of Article 370 and
    35A
    WHAT IS ARTICLE 370?
    ➢ Basis of Jammu and
    Kashmir’s accession to
    the Indian Union
    ➢ Grants special
    autonomous status to
    Jammu and Kashmir
    ➢ Separate set of laws
    ➢ Cannot purchase land or
    property
    ➢ No power to declare
    financial emergency
    What is article 35a?
    ➢ To continue the old
    provisions of territory
    regulations
    ➢ Forbids outsiders from
    permanently settling,
    buying lands, holding
    local government jobs
    ➢ Bars female residents
    from property rights
    Contemporary Context
    • In August 2019- Indian government stripped Jammu
    and Kashmir (J&K) state of the special status that gave
    it significant autonomy. In fact J&K is no longer a
    STATE at all, but two UNION TERRITORIES, J&K
    and Ladakh.
    • Article 370 specified that the president would consult
    the state government with regard to subjects other
    than defence, foreign affairs, and communications”
    • The real issue is of self-determination
    • India violated international law by changing
    nature of disputed territory
    • Lockdown and curfew imposed
    • Citizen amendement act 2019
    passed
    • Pakistan issued new political map
    on 04 aug 2020.
    • Pakistan declared 05 Aug as Day of
    Exploitation on 05 Aug 2020
    Recommendations
    • Extensive working at United nation level to
    raise issue
    • Prioritise stabilisationof economy
    • Expose Hinduvta ideology
    • Create legal understanding of issue
    • Make appeals om humantarian grounds
    • Invite international agencies to monitor on
    ground situation
    • Make English channel to spread out voice to
    western countries and approach western
    media too
    • Make OIC functioal
    • Mobilize Pakistani and kashmiri diaspora in
    different countries
    • Make our diplomacy effective by our
    ambassadors

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