MODULE 1 - Bio
MODULE 1 - Bio
MODULE 1 - Bio
Molecular Biology- a study in that deals with the shape, aggregation ad orientation of the
molecules that compose the cellular system as a unit
1. Cellular and hierarchical organization- All living things are made up of cells; 10. Paleontology- a study that deals with past life as revealed by fossils.
Living things organize cells at different levels. 11. Ecology- a study that deals with living things in relation to their environment
Subatomic particle -> atom->molecule-> organelle-> cell->tissue ->organ->organ 12. Evolution- a study that deals with the origin and diversification of organisms’ forms or
system->organism->species-> population -> community -> ecosystem -> Biosphere the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over a course of successive generations.
2. Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits Microbiology- a study that deals with microorganisms
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - hereditary information from two organisms of the Protozoology- a study that deals with protozoans
same species combine. Mycology- a study that deals with fungi
• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION - hereditary information from different organisms Botany- a study that deals with plants
is not combined. One cell splits in two, or one cell gives rise to two new cells. • Phycology- a study that deals with algae
• Bryology- a study of mosses, peat mosses and liverworts (bryophytes)
3. All based on universal genetic code . • Pteridology- a study of ferns (pteridophytes)
4. Growth and Development Zoology- a study that deals with animals
5. Metabolism – sum of all chemical processes • Entomology- a study that deals with insects
6. Irritability/Excitability • Ornithology- a study that deals with birds
7. Homeostasis – maintain a stable internal environment • Icthyology- a study that deals with fishes
8. Adaptation • Herpetology- a study that deals with amphibians and reptiles
9. Evolution
Scientists who created the cell theory
BRANCHES/ SUBDIVISIONS OF BIOLOGY Robert Hooke (1665)
I. Basic Divisions English scientist that cut a thin slice of cork and looked at it under
1. Taxonomy - study of the systematic classification of organisms into groups his microscope. To him, the cork seemed to be made up of empty
2. Morphology- study of the form and structure of little boxes, which he named cells.
organisms
3. Anatomy- study of the detailed structure of
organisms as revealed by gross dissection
4. Cytology- study of the detailed structure and functions of the cells
5. Histology- study of the group of cells performing a
definite or specialized function/s
6. Physiology- study that deals with the functional processes associated with living things Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
7. Genetics- study that deals with heredity and variations in organisms Dutch naturalist who created a very powerful (for the
8. Embryology or Developmental Biology- a study that deals with the formation and early time period) single lens microscope, He observed pond water. In
development of organisms pond scum he discovered small animals he called animalcules, or
little animals (protists), and also discovered bacteria while
examining scraping of crud from his teeth; He also found for the first time the sperm cells of Louis Pasteur: (1861) Pasteurized wine, milk, disproved spontaneous generation of
animals and humans. microbes, discovered several bacterial pathogens
A doctor who stated that all living cells come from pre-existing
cells (part 3 of the cell theory).
Francesco Redi: (Italy 1668) Tested the hypothesis of spontaneous generation with
flies on meat, and disproved it
Cell Structure and Function
Plant vs. animal cell
Types of Cell
Prokaryotic cell - lack a nucleus (although they do have circular or linear DNA (nucleoid);
belongs to domain Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotic cell- have distinct nuclei bound by a nuclear membrane envelope; belongs to
domain eukarya or eukaryota
THE CELL:
Endomembrane
System,
Mitochondria,
Chloroplasts,
Cytoskeleton, and
Extracellular
Components