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    Flash & Fire Point

    Uploaded by

    Harsh Thakur
    The document describes determining the flash point and fire point of an oil sample. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which the oil's vapors will ignite briefly when exposed to an ignition source. The fire point is the temperature at which the oil's combustion is sustained. Two common methods to measure these points are open cup and closed cup. In open cup testing, the oil sample is heated in an open container and a flame is periodically brought near, while closed cup uses sealed containers. The procedure involves cleaning equipment, heating the oil sample, and introducing a flame periodically to identify the flash and fire points.

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    Flash & Fire Point

    Uploaded by

    Harsh Thakur
    66 views2 pages
    The document describes determining the flash point and fire point of an oil sample. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which the oil's vapors will ignite briefly when exposed to an ignition source. The fire point is the temperature at which the oil's combustion is sustained. Two common methods to measure these points are open cup and closed cup. In open cup testing, the oil sample is heated in an open container and a flame is periodically brought near, while closed cup uses sealed containers. The procedure involves cleaning equipment, heating the oil sample, and introducing a flame periodically to identify the flash and fire points.

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    The document describes determining the flash point and fire point of an oil sample. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which the oil's vapors will ignite briefly when exposed to an ignition source. The fire point is the temperature at which the oil's combustion is sustained. Two common methods to measure these points are open cup and closed cup. In open cup testing, the oil sample is heated in an open container and a flame is periodically brought near, while closed cup uses sealed containers. The procedure involves cleaning equipment, heating the oil sample, and introducing a flame periodically to identify the flash and fire points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views2 pages

    Flash & Fire Point

    Uploaded by

    Harsh Thakur
    The document describes determining the flash point and fire point of an oil sample. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which the oil's vapors will ignite briefly when exposed to an ignition source. The fire point is the temperature at which the oil's combustion is sustained. Two common methods to measure these points are open cup and closed cup. In open cup testing, the oil sample is heated in an open container and a flame is periodically brought near, while closed cup uses sealed containers. The procedure involves cleaning equipment, heating the oil sample, and introducing a flame periodically to identify the flash and fire points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Flash Point & Fire Point Determination

    Aim:
    To find the flash and fire point of the given oil sample
    Theory:
    Flash point is the lowest temperature, to which oil must be heated before its vapour,
    when mixed with air, will ignite but not continue to burn. The fire point is the temperature at
    which oil combustion will be sustained.
    The flash and fire points are useful in determining a oils volatility and fire resistance.
    The flash point can be used to determine the transportation and storage temperature
    requirements for oils. Oil producers can also use the flash point to detect potential product
    contamination. Oil exhibiting flash point significantly lower than normal will be suspected of
    contamination with volatile product. Products with a flash point less than 38 C (100F) will
    usually require special precautions for safe handling. The fire point for oil is usually 8 to 10
    percent above the flash point. The flash point and fire point should not be confused with the
    auto-ignition temperature of oil, which is the temperature at which a oil will ignite
    spontaneously without an external ignition source.
    Measuring the flash & fire point:

    There are two basic types of flash & fire point measurement: open cup and closed cup.

    In open cup devices the sample is contained in an open cup which is heated, and at intervals a
    flame is brought over the surface. The measured flash point will actually vary with the height
    of the flame above the liquid surface, and at sufficient height the measured flash point
    temperature will coincide with the fire point. The best known example is the Cleveland open
    cup (COC).

    Figure 1.Cleveland Open Cup (COC) Apparatus


    There are two types of closed cup testers: non-equilibrium, such as Pensky-Martens where
    the vapours above the liquid are not in temperature equilibrium with the liquid, and
    equilibrium, such as Small Scale (commonly known as Seta flash) where the vapours are
    deemed to be in temperature equilibrium with the liquid. In both these types the cups are
    sealed with a lid through which the ignition source can be introduced. Closed cup testers
    normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 5-10 °C) and are a
    better approximation to the temperature at which the vapour pressure reaches the lower
    flammable limit (LFL).The apparatus here used is Cleveland open cup (COC)

    Procedure:

    1. Throughly clean and dry all parts of the cup and its accessories before starting the test,
    being sure to remove any solvent which had been used to clean the apparatus.
    2. Fill the given oil sample up to the mark in the cup which placed upon and insert the
    thermometer
    3. Switch on the heater, ignite the test flame and monitor the temperature
    o
    4.When the temperature rises to within up to 15 C of the anticipated flash point ,the test
    flame is dipped in to oil vapour for about 2 seconds at every degree rise in the temperature.

    NOTE: Don’t make any direct contact with oil sample with test flame; make contact only
    with oil vapours. Oil in test is highly inflammable and direct contact may lead to fire
    hazard.

    5. Record the temperature as a flash point at the time when test flame applied causes a
    distinct flash in the interior of the cup.
    o
    6. The oil sample is further heated and introduction of test flame is done for every 1 C rise in
    temperature of oil sample.
    7. The temperature at which vapours of the oil sample gives a clear and distinct blue flash
    have to be noted as fire point of the oil.

    Result:

    (i) The Flash point of the given oil sample = o C


    (ii) The Fire point of the given oil sample = o C

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