Next Generation Networks (NGN)

Kevin Sutherland
Manager
Communications Engineering Section
ACMA/ITU International Training Program
23 October 2007
What is NGN?...
• A concept for a framework for evolution of network
architecture and capabilities, as defined by ITU-T
Recommendations

• ITU-T SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION

INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND
NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS
Next Generation Networks – Frameworks and functional
architecture models
• Y.2001 (12/2004) General overview of NGN
• Y.2011 (10/2004) General principles and general reference
model for Next Generation Networks 2
NGN Definition from Y.2001

Next Generation Network (NGN):

a packet-based network able to provide telecommunication
services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-
enabled transport technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying transport-
related technologies.

It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to

competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It
supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and
ubiquitous provision of services to users.
3
 NGN Definition cntd…
• Practical Description …(from ETSI)
– The convergence of the public switched telephone
network, the (PSTN) voice network,
the wireless networks (WiFi / WiMAX / GSM / UMTS)
and the data networks (Internet)
…and broadcasting networks & services ?...
• Convergence in the Dictionary
– from the Latin verb “convergere”, i.e. to ‘incline’ together
– convergence is a coming together of two or more distinct
entities or phenomena

4
 Convergence...
Means different things to different people...
– Business model convergence
• Businesses from telco/broadcasting/media sectors all converging by
aiming to provide similar products and services
• Telstra selling movies, Apple selling music, movies
• Apple selling phones that play music and movies
– Network Convergence
• PSTN (fixed) and 2G/3G (mobile) carry voice and data
• Fixed and mobile networks are converging (FMC)
• Voice, data, video, audio, music, messaging etc. now carried over a
single broadband service
• NGN and 4G mobile to be all-IP end-end
– Device Convergence
• e.g. Mobile phone with camera, music player 5
NGN

IMS
3G
VoIP

ENUM MoLI
FMC

PSTN
DNS 2G

Spectrum
Spam
QoS
Access

IPv6 IPTV
Video Gaming
Internet
6
CONVERGENCE
 NGN applications...
• www access (browsing, information, e-commerce...)
• voice telephony (VoIP)
• video calling
• video on demand
• broadcast television (IPTV, unicast, multicast)
• multimedia messaging
• games
• ?
• ? 7
 All converging into one universal device?

Not necessarily… 8
Source:http://www.telstra.com.au/abouttelstra/investor/docs/tls366_stratrevjustinmilne.pdf
 Device/Consumer Convergence

Devices from each world having

• Similar functions; TV over internet, internet on phones
• All able to connect to each other, wirelessly
9
Source: http://www.dlna.org/about/dlna_white_paper_2006.pdf
 Existing Telecommunications

Services

Transport
& Access

• Benefits:
– Worked well for stand-alone systems
• Challenges:
– Many Networks = High Operational and Interworking Costs
– Slow to introduce new services
– Users require different devices for different services

Difficult to integrate new services or technologies

10
Source: ASTAP05/WS-IP&NGN/13
 Emerging Telecommunications

Services
Internet Protocol
Transport
Access
• Benefits:
– Rapid Service Deployment = New Service Revenues
– Allow continued growth of the network
– Flexible architecture for future growth and new technologies
– Allows for competition at individual layers
• Challenges:
– Legacy policy frameworks are challenged by the emerging
telecommunications model throughout the world

Services and access technologies only need to interface to the

common transport layer (IP) 11
Source: ASTAP05/WS-IP&NGN/13
 One schematic view of NGN…

WEB VoD MMS SIP E911

Services ASP ASP
Network Network IMS PSAP
Network

Core IP/MPLS Networks

Transport

Wi-Fi DSL DOCSIS GSM PSTN

Access

User

Source: ASTAP05/WS-IP&NGN/13 12
 NGN realisation example
Application Community Collaboration Contents Commerce
NW Certification Home
Multi-point
defense SIP Authority Accounting Agent
Service Service/ video-conference
stratum Network
Control
Platform QoS/Traffic HGW Presence Single RADIUS
Control management Sign-On Server

Visual
System
Access Core Node
Independent NNI
Multi-layer Service Edge Other
(Core PSTN GW HE GW
Network
Transport)
Network Service Node

Transport RAN GW Distribution Function Wireline Access HE: Head end

MSC: Mobile Switching
stratum Center
RMC: Radio Media
MSC
DSLAM V-OLT OLT WDM MC MC Converter
Access BS: Base Station
Dependent RMC
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber
MC Access Module
Network MC OLT: Optical Line Terminal
BS ONU ONU: Optical Network Unit
ADSL modem V-ONU ONU MC: Media Converter

UNI
Business Ubiquitous Network
User
User
Network
HGW
Mass User

13
Source: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ngn/ngn.ppt#540,25,Slide 25
 Driving forces for NGNs
• Europe
– Ageing networks in need of new equipment
– Cost savings, new services
• North America
– Cost savings, new services, competitiveness
– Operators: IP core conversion, fixed-mobile convergence,
– new service offerings (VoIP, IPTV)
• Asia Pacific Region
– Mobile users, less investment in legacy infrastructure, new services,
– address space limitations, government NGN initiatives
– Role-out of new networks in the countries in economic transition
Source: ASTAP05-FR10-PL-30

14
 Security
Security
Regulation
Regulationof
of
“Standard Telephone
“Standard Telephone Privacy
Privacy
Service”
Service”
Consumer
Consumer
awareness Quality
Numbering
awareness Qualityof
of
Numbering Service
Service

Emergency
Emergency

Competition
Competition
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
“Next Generation”
Longer term issues

Core policy areas:

Short term issues • Consumer issues
• Competition
Policy implications…. • Security
15
Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-09 Scope for self-regulation
 Access, security & interoperability

E-mail
spam National security
ACCESS
SME E-commerce
Pay TV
SECURITY
WiFi
WiMAX PSTN,
Free-to-air & NGN, 3G E-business,
Satellite b/c E-banking Managed
SMS E-tax networks,
IP TV, Corporate
PVR networks
Office systems
INTEROPERABILITY
Intranets
Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-09 16
 STANDARDS
ACCESS INTEROPERABILITY

Consumer
Consumer Competition
Competition Security
Security

Emergency Convergence Critical Infrastructure

Quality of Service Bundling Viruses & firewalls
Rights of redress Bottlenecks Network attack
Directories Interconnection & Disaster recovery
Privacy access Lawful Interception
Information Carrier selection Cybercrime
Choice Number portability Misuse
Special needs Migration
Universal service Investment

IDENTITY, NUMBERING, ADDRESSING

17
Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-09
Areas of interest for NGN standards activity
• International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T)
– Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG)
– Study Groups (SG13 lead SG for NGN)
– NGN Global Standards Initiative (NGN-GSI), since Jan 2006
• European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
– TISPAN, 3GPP / IMS
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
– Protocols (IP, SIP, MGCP, ENUM, etc)
• Global Standards Collaboration (GSC)
– ACIF/CA, ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, ISACC, ITU-T, ITU-R, TIA, TTA, TTC
• Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT)
– ATP Standardisation Program (ASTAP), NGN Expert Group
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Telecommunications and
Information Working Group APEC TEL 18
 Defining Standards

• Smaller industry fora have helped shape international standards.

– IETF have developed many of the core NGN technologies (IP, MPLS, SIP, etc.)
– 3GPP integrated IP-based technologies into a building block of the NGN, IP
Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
– Release based (ETSI TISPAN r1, 3GPP r7, ITU NGN r1-3)
• ITU involvement is necessary at the international level to define an
Evolutionary Framework to help solve interworking, mobility and
service definitions issues, but…
• There could be more pro-active cooperation between the ‘telco’ and
internet stakeholders… 19
ITU-T Structural model of Functional components

Service stratum
Application Functions

Service
User
Management Functions

Service and Control Profile

Functions Functions

Transport
User
Profile
Network
Functions Transport Control Media
Attachment
Functions Handling
Control Functions
Functions
Customer Gateway Other
Other
Functions Functions networks
networks
Access
Access
Access Edge Core Transport
Transport
Transport Core Transport
Functions Functions Functions
Functions
functions functions

UNI NNI
Transport stratum
Control
Media 20
Ref: http://ties.itu.int/u/fgngn/fgngn/readonly/200504_Geneva/focus_group_reports/FGNGN-MR-0040r1.doc
Current coverage of FGNGN Release 1
S e r v ic e S tr a tu m
A p p lic a tio n F u n c tio n s

U ser O th e r M u ltim e d ia
S e rv ic e
P r o file C o m p o n e n ts … and
F u n c tio n s C o n tro l
S tr e a m in g S e r v ic e s F u n c tio n s

P S T N / IS D N E m u la tio n

Other N etw orks

IP M u ltim e d ia
C om ponent

N e tw o rk A c c e ss R e s o u rc e a n d A d m is sio n
GW A tta c h m e n t F u n c tio n s C o n tr o l F u n c tio n s
L egacy NAAF RACF
T e r m in a ls

C u s to m e r
N e tw o r k s A cc ess T ran sp o rt C o re tra n sp o rt
A cc ess
F u n c tio n s
E dge
F u n c tio n s
F u n c tio n s F u n c tio n s
NGN
T e r m in a ls NNI
T r a n s p o rt S tr a tu m
C u s to m e r a n d
T e rm in a l F u n c tio n s
UNI Q o S A s p e c ts a n d o n e p a r t o f C o n tr o l a s p e c t
(IP Q o S s ig n a lin g R e q u ir e m e n t) A p art of

R e le a s e 1 c o v e r a g e
21
Ref: http://ties.itu.int/u/fgngn/fgngn/readonly/200504_Geneva/focus_group_reports/FGNGN-MR-0040r1.doc
2006 NGN-GSI

Co-located Joint Activity : SG 11, 13, 19 + others

Coverage
• Release 2 Services and Capabilities
• Functional Architectures and Requirements
• Mobility Management and FMC
• IPv6 application into NGN
• End-to-End QoS
• NGN Signaling with Resource Admission Control
• Migration and Interworking aspects (inc. IWF)
• NGN Security
• Home Networking (JCA-HN established March 2005)
• Network aspects of Identification systems (inc. RFID)
(JCA-NID established July 2006)
• IPTV (IPTV-FG established on April 2006)
• Others…
•Source: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ngn/ngn.ppt#485,24,2006 NGN-GSI 22
 What is IMS?
• IP Multimedia Subsystem as defined by 3GPP
– 3GPP IMS standards define a network domain dedicated to the control
and integration of multimedia services.
– IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 onwards (2002)
– 3GPP2 equivalent of IMS is the MMD (MultiMedia Domain), fully
interoperable with 3GPP IMS
• IMS builds on IETF protocols
– Based upon SIP, SDP, COPs and Diameter protocols
– 3GPP have enhanced these IETF protocols for mobility
• IMS in short...
– Open-systems architecture that supports a range of IP-based services
over the PS domain, employing both wireless and fixed access
technologies
– Basis for:“My communications services” anywhere, any terminal, anytime ?
23
IMS Architecture

24
ETSI - TISPAN
• TISPAN in an ETSI technical committee,
dealing with fixed networks
and the migration from circuit switched networks to
packet-based networks (Telecoms & Internet converged
Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks (TISPAN)
• TISPAN also deals with service aspects,
architectural aspects, protocol aspects, QoS studies,
security related studies, mobility aspects within fixed
networks, using existing and emerging technologies.
• TISPAN outcomes much-anticipated - basis for
international standards & specifications for FMC

25
 Communications Systems Layers
Content Layer Text, Speech, Music, Pictures, Video,
etc

Logical/Code Web Browsers, Email Client

Layer
Application/ Services Programs, MP3 Ripping Software,
Word Processors, VoIP Clients, etc
Application Protocol Layer HTTP, SMTP, FTP, SIP, H323, DNS
TCP/IP Transport Layer TCP, UDP
layers Network Layer IP, ICMP, IGMP
Link Layer Interface to Physical Layer

Ethernet, Modem, DSK, Cable, E1,

Physical Layer Fibre Optics, Satellite, Bluetooth,
Spectrum, etc.
26
Source: Solum, L & Chung, M The Layers Principle: Internet Architecture and the Law, June 2003
Quality of Service (QoS)

• Communications Alliance has established two

working committees to address QoS issues:
– IP Network Quality of Service
– Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of Service
• Both committees were established in December 2006
by the overarching Communications Alliance VoIP
Working Group

27
Bearer and teleservice QoS

28
Source: ITU-T Recommendation Y.1542 Framework for achieving end-to-end IP performance objectives
IP Network Quality of Service working
committee
• Developing a guideline for Carriage Service Providers (CSPs)
(including ISPs) on Network IP QoS. The guideline will:
– Define a default set of Network IP QoS classes
– Address performance levels for IP packet delay, jitter and loss
– Address IP packet prioritisation for implementing the Network IP QoS
classes (eg. through the use of packet marking and handling)
• Related test documents will also be developed to verify the
relevant network IP QoS parameters in the guideline
• Indicative timeframe for publication is Q4 2007

29
Voice over IP Quality of Service working
committee
• Developing a guideline for Australian VoIP Service Providers
and end-users. The guideline will:
– Provide a measure of VoIP quality in a usable format for end-users (eg.
a rating based on the ETSI E-model)
– Consider Network IP QoS service classes and requirements
– Consider interworking with existing voice networks (eg. PSTN/ISDN)
– Consider standards and requirements for VoIP CE QoS
• Related test documents will also be developed to verify the
relevant VoIP QoS parameters in the guideline
• Indicative timeframe for publication is Q4 2007
30
 ‘Home Networking’ standards development
• due to the evolution of digital technology (e.g. PCs, media
coding, storage, Internet), home networks have evolved
towards a complex set of devices supporting services and
applications in the home-based business, information,
entertainment and security/control areas
• various standards bodies & consumer electronics
manufactures are developing standards for Home
Networking applications in this converged environment
• Home Networks have a role in Next Generation Networking
• standards bodies have resolved to collaborate and promote
the development of harmonized Home Networking standards
and related networking standards. 31
 NGN Consumer Access –
Multiple Broadband Access Options

Games Console

Ethernet
Cable
Live Content

Broadband Access
Video on Demand 802.11b/g
Router
DTV Tuner Eth.
xDSL
Ethernet
Set-top Box/DVR/PVR
Residential
Gateway Fiber

Home
Second Line Security
VoIP
Home Shopping

PDA
Notebook
32
 Home Networking

Devices from each world:

• All able to connect to each other, wirelessly
• Exchanging and sharing content
33
Source: http://www.dlna.org/about/dlna_white_paper_2006.pdf
NGN Competition issues
• Market power and “network effects”
– implications for existing and future customer access
services
– any-to-any connectivity
• Interconnect
– charging models for multiple providers in an E2E service
– pricing
– standards
• Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
(ACCC) has begun canvassing some of the issues in
discussions with stakeholders and public. 34
Longer-term NGN issues
• implications for competition policy
• jurisdiction and extraterritoriality
• privacy and security
• digital rights management
• access and interoperability
• common standards
• consumer interests
• international and domestic governance issues
• scope for industry self-regulation
35
 Links
• ACMA http://www.acma.gov.au
• ACCC http://www.accc.gov.au
• Communications Alliance http://www.commsalliance.com.au/
• DCITA http://www.dcita.gov.au
• ITU-T NGN GSI http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ngn/index.phtml
• ETSI TISPAN
http://portal.etsi.org/portal_common/home.asp?tbkey1=TISPA
N
• IETF http://www.ietf.org/
• APT/ASTAP
http://www.aptsec.org/Program/ASTAP/EG/NGN/index.htm
• GSC http://www.gsc.etsi.org/
36
In closing…
• NGN is a concept, not just a technology.
• NGN is an attempt by operators to provide a single technology
platform into the future to support converged services
• NGN is a global initiative, coordinated by the ITU-T
• Robust and open standards are essential to the long term
success of IMS and NGN
• Not everyone likes or agrees with the NGN concept –
especially large parts of the ‘internet community’
• Regulators will have an interesting time trying to manage what
is likely to become a standards/systems battle between various
players
37
Thank you for your attention

• Questions ?...

38