Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
186 views

Python Inheritance, Method Overriding, Abstraction

Inheritance allows code reusability by creating new classes based on existing classes rather than building from scratch. A derived class inherits attributes and behaviors from its base class. Python supports multiple inheritance where a derived class can inherit from multiple base classes. Method overriding allows redefining specific behaviors of a method in the parent class. Data abstraction hides attributes and methods within a class through name mangling.

Uploaded by

Sumit Tripathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
186 views

Python Inheritance, Method Overriding, Abstraction

Inheritance allows code reusability by creating new classes based on existing classes rather than building from scratch. A derived class inherits attributes and behaviors from its base class. Python supports multiple inheritance where a derived class can inherit from multiple base classes. Method overriding allows redefining specific behaviors of a method in the parent class. Data abstraction hides attributes and methods within a class through name mangling.

Uploaded by

Sumit Tripathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Python Inheritance

Inheritance is an important aspect of the object-oriented paradigm. Inheritance provides code reusability to the
program because we can use an existing class to create a new class instead of creating it from scratch.

Syntax
class derived-class(base class):  
    <class-suite>   

A class can inherit multiple classes by mentioning all of them inside the bracket. Consider the following syntax.

Syntax
class derive-class(<base class 1>, <base class 2>, ..... <base class n>):  
    <class - suite>   

Example 1
class Animal:  
    def speak(self):  
        print("Animal Speaking")  
#child class Dog inherits the base class Animal  
class Dog(Animal):  
    def bark(self):  
        print("dog barking")  
d = Dog()  
d.bark()  
d.speak()  

Output:

dog barking
Animal Speaking
Python Multi-Level inheritance
Multi-Level inheritance is possible in python like other object-oriented languages. Multi-level inheritance is archived
when a derived class inherits another derived class. There is no limit on the number of levels up to which, the multi-
level inheritance is archived in python.

class Animal:  
    def speak(self):  
        print("Animal Speaking")  
#The child class Dog inherits the base class Animal  
class Dog(Animal):  
    def bark(self):  
        print("dog barking")  
#The child class Dogchild inherits another child class Dog  
class DogChild(Dog):  
    def eat(self):  
        print("Eating bread...")  
d = DogChild()  
d.bark()  
d.speak()  
d.eat()  

Output:

dog barking
Animal Speaking
Eating bread

Python Multiple inheritance


Python provides us the flexibility to inherit multiple base classes in the child class
Example
class Calculation1:  
    def Summation(self,a,b):  
        return a+b;  
class Calculation2:  
    def Multiplication(self,a,b):  
        return a*b;  
class Derived(Calculation1,Calculation2):  
    def Divide(self,a,b):  
        return a/b;  
d = Derived()  
print(d.Summation(10,20))  
print(d.Multiplication(10,20))  
print(d.Divide(10,20))  

Output:

30
200
0.5

The issubclass(sub,sup) method


The issubclass(sub, sup) method is used to check the relationships between the specified classes. It returns true if the
first class is the subclass of the second class, and false otherwise.

Consider the following example.

Example
class Calculation1:  
    def Summation(self,a,b):  
        return a+b;  
class Calculation2:  
    def Multiplication(self,a,b):  
        return a*b;  
class Derived(Calculation1,Calculation2):  
    def Divide(self,a,b):  
        return a/b;  
d = Derived()  
print(issubclass(Derived,Calculation2))  
print(issubclass(Calculation1,Calculation2))  

Output:

True
False
The isinstance (obj, class) method
The isinstance() method is used to check the relationship between the objects and classes. It returns true if the first
parameter, i.e., obj is the instance of the second parameter, i.e., class.

Consider the following example.

Example
class Calculation1:  
    def Summation(self,a,b):  
        return a+b;  
class Calculation2:  
    def Multiplication(self,a,b):  
        return a*b;  
class Derived(Calculation1,Calculation2):  
    def Divide(self,a,b):  
        return a/b;  
d = Derived()  
print(isinstance(d,Derived))  

Output:

True

Method Overriding
We can provide some specific implementation of the parent class method in our child class. When the parent class
method is defined in the child class with some specific implementation, then the concept is called method overriding.
We may need to perform method overriding in the scenario where the different definition of a parent class method is
needed in the child class.

Consider the following example to perform method overriding in python.

Example
class Animal:  
    def speak(self):  
        print("speaking")  
class Dog(Animal):  
    def speak(self):  
        print("Barking")  
d = Dog()  
d.speak()  

Output:

Barking

Real Life Example of method overriding


class Bank:  
    def getroi(self):  
        return 10;  
class SBI(Bank):  
    def getroi(self):  
        return 7;  
  
class ICICI(Bank):  
    def getroi(self):  
        return 8;  
b1 = Bank()  
b2 = SBI()  
b3 = ICICI()  
print("Bank Rate of interest:",b1.getroi());  
print("SBI Rate of interest:",b2.getroi());  
print("ICICI Rate of interest:",b3.getroi());  

Output:

Bank Rate of interest: 10


SBI Rate of interest: 7
ICICI Rate of interest: 8

Data abstraction in python


Abstraction is an important aspect of object-oriented programming. In python, we can also perform data hiding by
adding the double underscore (___) as a prefix to the attribute which is to be hidden. After this, the attribute will not
be visible outside of the class through the object.

Consider the following example.

Example
class Employee:  
    __count = 0;  
    def __init__(self):  
        Employee.__count = Employee.__count+1  
    def display(self):  
        print("The number of employees",Employee.__count)  
emp = Employee()  
emp2 = Employee()  
try:  
    print(emp.__count)  
finally:  
    emp.display()  

Output:

The number of employees 2


AttributeError: 'Employee' object has no attribute '__count'

You might also like