CDI 1 File
CDI 1 File
CDI 1 File
INTERROGATION
Interview is a simple questioning of a person inorder to obtain certain information
from the person being interviewed.
2. Judicial Confession - the plea of guilty maybe during arraignment or at any stage
of the proceedings where the accused changes his plea of not guilty to guilty. It is
an admission made in judicial proceeding or in an open court.
Admission – an admission is voluntary acknowledgement in express term or by
implication, by a party in interest or by another whose statement is legally bound,
against his interest or the existence or truth of a fact in dispute material to the
issue.
• B. EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
The ideal identification is made by an objective person who is familiar with the
appearance of the accused and who personally witness the commission of the
crime.
• C. CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
In the absence of a confession and eyewitness, the identification of criminal may
be established indirectly by proving other facts or circumstances from which,
either alone or in connection with other facts the identity of other perpetrator can
be inferred. Evidence of this nature, usually falls into the following circumstances.
• Motive – can be defined as some inner drive, impulse, intention, etc. that
causes a person to do something or act in a certain way.
• Opportunity – is a circumstance which made it possible physically for the
suspect to commit crime; or in other words being in a position to commit
the offense.
• Intent – is the accomplishment of the act and where it is an element in the
commission of an offense, it must always be proved.
Associative Evidence – the physical evidence found at the scene during the course
investigation which could link the identity by means of clue material, personal
property, or the characteristics pattern of procedure deducted from the
arrangement.
Tracing Evidence – these are physical evidence which may assist the investigating
officer in locating the suspect.
Corpus Delicti Evidence – These are objects or substances which may be parts of
the body of the crime, of the victim, of the suspect/subject, guns. Knife, slug
recovered from the cadaver during the autopsy, body fluid, blood, finger prints,
footprints, etc.
• SURVEILLANCE
Is the secret observation of a person, things and vehicles for the purpose of
obtaining information.
SURVEILLANT – is the person who maintains the surveillance or performs the
observation.
SUBJECT – the person or place being watched or surveyed
• TWO GENERAL TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
• Moving Surveillance – May be referred to as TAIL or SHADOW, a moving
surveillance is conducted when a person, object or activity being watched
move from one place to another. The surveillant may however, move from
one vantage point to another in the immediate area.
• 2. Fixed Surveillance – Maybe referred as TAKE OUT, it is conducted when a
person, object or activity being watched is not expected to move from one
area. The surveillance may, however, move from one vantage point to
another in the immediate area.
• Method of Surveillance
a. Loose Surveillance – Observation of the subject or object is not continuous. The
surveillance maybe discontinued if the subject becomes suspicious or when the
services of another surveillant is required.
b. Close Surveillance – Continuous observation of the subject is maintained at all
time, even if the subject appears suspicious or openly accosts the surveillant and
accuses him of watching or following him.
c. Combination of Close and Loose Surveillance – These are circumstance which
usually depend on the specific act of the subject which necessitates a change from
loose surveillant to a close surveillance without prior notice. The investigator may
have to make this decision even without the benefit of instruction or counsel.
• FIVE (5) TECHNIQUES OF FOOT SURVEILLANCE
• ONE-MAN SURVEILLANCE
2. TWO-MAN OR “AB” SURVEILLANCE
3. THREE-MAN OR “ABC” SURVEILLANCE
4. LEAPFROG SURVEILLANCE
5. PROGRESSIVE SURVEILLANCE
Roping or Undercover Work – It is a form of investigation in which the investigator
a different and unofficial identity (a cover story) in order to obtain information.
Arrest or Undercover Agent – If an investigator is arrested by the police he must
act in accordance with his orders. If he has not received orders regarding the
disclosure of his identity in case by arrest by other law enforcement officers, he
must act according to his judgment.
VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE - The subject will move primarily by automobile,
therefore the necessitating the surveillant followed by an automobile.
• CLANDESTINE
• It the art of making contact or communicating with the government agent
(especially between agent handlers and action agents) and other intelligence
personnel working within the circle of the specified mission.
• It is used for passage of directives and information.
• It handles the movements of personnel, as in the case of escape and evasion.
• In some cases, to handle the movement of materials such as weapon,
sabotage supplies, radio, etc.
• Overt operation- is an operation conducted openly and without concealment.
• Covert operation - is one that is planned and executed in a way as to conceal
the identity of, or permit plausible denial by, the sponsor
• Clandestine operation differs from a covert operation in that it is done in
complete secrecy. It is planned and executed in such a way as to conceal the
operation itself, rather than just the identity of the sponsor
• Means of Clandestine Communication
a. Personal communication
• Personal meeting (Car pick-up, Hotel meeting, Safe house meeting,
Restaurant meeting)
• Brief encounter
• Brush pass
• Meeting between unknown
b. CUTOUT - a person or device interposed between to person or groups in order
to provide communication.
Intermediaries – an individual who serves as a cutout
• LIVE DROP (LD)– is a person in clandestine operation who accepts
information or material from one agent and surrenders it to another.
(2) Courier– A person who carries information or material from one individual in
clandestine operation and give it to another.
(3) MOVING LIVE DROP (MLD) – A type of unwitting courier, the person on whom
or whose personal effect clandestine materials is concealed without his
knowledge.
(4) ACCOMMOCATION ADRESS– this refers to address used for misleading be
readdressing the letter from one place to another.
c. CUT- OUT DEVISE- is a place or thing used in the communication between two
members of clandestine organization, and also a means of compacting one
element from another.
1. DEAD DROP (D/D)– is a place where clandestine material may be left by one
echelon and recovered by another.
2. MOVING DEAD DROP (MDD) – involves the use of some means of
transportation on material can be concealed at one point and recovered at
another.
3. Foot toss
4. Car toss
5. Mail
6. Advertisement
7. Telephone
8. Telegram and radiogram
9. Radio
• CASING
It is a reconnaissance or surveillance of a building, place or area to determine its
suitability for intelligence use or its vulnerability in an intelligence operation.
1.PERSONAL RECONNAISANCE– a personal in the area is the most effective and
will produce in the most information since you know just are looking for.
2. MAP RECONNAISANCE– a map reconnaissance alone may not be sufficient but
it can produce a certain amount of usable information. From a map, it is possible
to get a good survey of road and street network.
13:17-32 old testament of bible - Moses sent 12 scout to spy out the land and
people of Canaan and location and their nature of living.
UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT - The non-uniformed or plainclothes investigator is in
a good position to observe illegal activities and obtain evidence.
• FUGITIVE
A person having committed a crime flees from jurisdiction of the court where
crime was committed or departed from his usual place of abode and conceals
himself within the district.
A person who, having committed a crime in one state, has left its jurisdiction and
is found within the territory of another when it is sought to subject him to the
criminal process of the former state.
WANTED LIST/WATCH LIST/TARGET LIST
The wanted list is a list consisting of person who is subject for arrest. For a person
to include on the most wanted list, the latter have an issued warrant of arrest and
accused of either organized or heinous crime.
The watch list consists of persons suspected to have committed organized or
heinous crimes based from unverified reports and is subject for further
monitoring, investigation and case build up.
TARGET LIST--Serve as master/reference list outlining pertinent data on organized
crime groups/ criminal gangs.