Jadavpur University Mechanical Engineering Department: Faculty of Engineering & Technology

JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering & Technology

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTRUCTION SHEET
HYDRAULIC & FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.
METACENTRIC HEIGHT OF SHIP MODEL
Name …SWAGATAM BAZ……. EXPERIMENT NO:….3….
Class :....BME II... Section: A1 RollNo…001911201018.,
When a body is immersed in fluid, it is subjected to an upwards force which tends to lift up the body. This is called buoyancy
and the upward force is called buoyant force. Archimedes principle states that when a body is immersed in a fluid, wholly or
partially, it is buoyed or lifted up by a force which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. When a body is
floating in liquid, it is acted upon by two forces, viz. Weight of body acting downwards through centre of gravity and upward
buoyant force acting through centre of buoyancy. Both these forces are equal and opposite in direction and the body is in
equilibrium. Centre of buoyancy of a body is centroid of the volume of liquid displaced. If the body is tilted slightly, then
position of centre of gravity remains the same but centre of buoyancy occupies the new position, as geometric volume
changes. If a vertical line is drawn through the new centre of buoyancy, it intersects the line joining initial centre of
buoyancy and centre of gravity at a point, known as metacentre. The distance between metacentre and centre of gravity is
called metacentric height.Stability of a floating body depends upon the metacentric height. If the metacentric height is
positive i.e. the metacentre lies above the centre of gravity, the slight angular displacement of body causes to form a
restoring couple, which tends to bring the body to its original position. This is called stable equilibrium.
When metacentre lies below the centre of gravity i.e. the metacentric height is said to be negative, then slight angular
displacement of body causes to form a couple which tends to increase the angular displacement further. This is called unstable
equilibrium. When metacentre lies exactly on centre of gravity then slight angular displacement does not create any couple,
hence body remains in its new position. This is called neutral equilibrium. Hence, in design of ship, care has to be taken to
keep the metacentre well above the centre of gravity, so that ship is in stable equilibrium.
The Apparatus:
The apparatus consist of a ship model, which is made of rectangular shape for the purpose of simplicity with some
movable weights at different position on the deck. An angle finder is used to find out the angle of heel. When the weight is
shifted from the centre position, the ship tilts slightly. The angle of tilt (or angle of heel), o is determined with the help of angle
finder. The position of metacentre is then determined by displacement of weight and angle of heel.
Experimental procedure:
1 ] Fill up water in the floating tank.
2] Weight the ship with all the movable weights. Let the weight be W.
3] Keep the ship floating over the water with all the movable weights placed at the CG.
4] Ensure that angle finder indicates zero reading at the onset.
4] Displace some weight (w) on the deck by a distance x.
5] Measure the displacement (x) of weight and angle (o) indicated by angle finder.
6] Repeat the procedure for different displacements of different weights.
Calculations:-
Then, metacentric height,
w.x
GM = -------------
W . tan 
Since the point corresponds to metacentre for small angles of heel only, the true metacentric height is the
limiting value of GM at   0.
OBSERVATIONS :-
Weight of the ship, W = 3.5+0.1×5 = 4.0 Kg.
Sr No. Sliding weight on the Weight displacement, Angle of heel Metacentric Height
deck, w[Kg] x [mm] o (GM) [m]
1 0.1 125 2 0.089

2 0.1×2 125 3 0.119
3 0.1×3 125 5 0.107
4 0.1×4 125 7 0.101
5 0.1×5 125 9 0.098
Plot a graph of values of GM for various values of  and take various values of  and extrude the same to get
the metacentric height of GM at  = 00.
Metacentric Height vs Angle of heel

0.14
0.12 y = -0.0004x + 0.105
0.1
Metacentric Height (in m)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Angle of heel (in degrees )
0
From the GRAPH between GM and the angle of heel {from the excel sheet}
We get the curve equation of the best fit line i.e.
y = -0.0004x + 0.105
now we know , in the graph
x=Angle of heel.
y=Metacentric height.
Now to get the value of Metacentric height at zero (0°) we need to put 0 in x
y = -0.0004 * 0 + 0.105
y = - 0 + 0.105
y = 0.105
Therefore the Value of Metacentric Height at zero angle of heel
(GM) 0° = 0.105m
Observation made by. .. SWAGATAM BAZ…..
Class…BME II .Section …. A1…………………..
Class Teacher…….PM SIR …………………………….

Supplementary Materials
Deck
Experimental Set-up
Movable weights Angle Finder Reading
Reading during Experiment

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JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

HYDRAULIC & FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.

METACENTRIC HEIGHT OF SHIP MODEL

Name …SWAGATAM BAZ……. EXPERIMENT NO:….3….

Class :....BME II... Section: A1 RollNo…001911201018.,

1 0.1 125 2 0.089

Metacentric Height vs Angle of heel

0.12 y = -0.0004x + 0.105

We get the curve equation of the best fit line i.e.

now we know , in the graph

Therefore the Value of Metacentric Height at zero angle of heel

Observation made by. .. SWAGATAM BAZ…..

Class…BME II .Section …. A1…………………..

Class Teacher…….PM SIR …………………………….

Movable weights Angle Finder Reading

Reading during Experiment

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