Rapid Assessment

Of
Community Needs for Sustainable Livelihood Options
Rajasthan, India

Submitted To

ICICI Academy for Skills-Rural Initiative

Content
Executive Summary

Chapter 1

1. Introduction

1.1 About the Regions

1.2 Background
Chapter 2
2. Research Design and Methodology
2.1 Research objective
2.2 Sample Design
2.3 Methodology
A. Sampling Procedure
2.4 Study Tools
Chapter 3
3. Study Finding- New Villages
3.1 Present occupation/ Employment
3.2 Income status
3.3 Possible Employment Options
3.4 Employment Preference
3.5 Course Preference for Training
3.6 Engagement during Migration Season
3.7 Financial/Banking Institution
Chapter 4
4. Study Findings- intervention Villages
4.1 Quality of Training
4.2 Income Enhancement Post Training
4.3 Utilisation of Training
4.4 Scope for Further training
Chapter 5
Summary and Recommendations
Executive Summary
Unemployment in India is a serious social issue and the demographic dividend of the country is
in danger of becoming a liability. Lack of adequate skill is one of the biggest factors contributing
to the growth of jobless population in the country specially in rural areas.

Recognizing the urgency of the issue, ICICI Foundation has been implementing sustainable
livelihood programme called ICICI Academy for Skills- Rural Initiative to promote community-
based employment through skill development in rural areas of the country. The trades of
training are conducted based on the need of community and demand of product/ services in
the local market.

To understand the skilling need of the community, a rapid need assessment study was
conducted in Rajasthan.

Key objectives of the study were-

• To identify the community needs for skill development to pursue sustainable

livelihood options
• To understand the area of improvement in intervention villages
• To identify the major employment options available in local market for forward
linkages
• To recommend area specific intervention to improve livelihood options of the
community

Cluster sample approach was adopted to draw the representative sample under which entire
state was divided in to three regions- Udaipur, Jodhpur and Jaipur consisting of approximately
equal number of villages. Out of 104 proposed villages, 30 were selected randomly (10 from
each region) while from the 12 intervention villages 4 were selected for the study.

The study followed a mix of qualitative and quantitative method of data collection. In the
proposed villages, 60-70 members of the community including farmers, businessmen, members
of Panchayat Raj and youth were selected in each village for in-depth- interview and 2 focused
group discussions FGD were also conducted. In intervention village 30 trained candidates were
selected from each village.

The areas of assessment were community occupation, income status, possible employment
options, employment preference (self/wage), and course preference for training in proposed
villages. Similarly, in intervention villages quality of training in terms of, duration, content,
methodology, status of market linkages, credit support, utilization of skills and income growth
were assessed.

The key findings of the study are:

• Overwhelming majority of people in rural community prefer self-employment as they do
not want to leave their village;
• Due to predominance of agriculture in the proposed area of intervention, there is wide
scope for training in agriculture and allied courses e.g. Dairy and Vermicomposting, goat
rearing etc.;
• Since the programme is women focused, Dress Designing has been the second choice in
the rural community; lack of tailoring facility in the village and regular demand of
stitched garments in the local market have made it a sustainable employment options
across the regions;
• Computer education is in demand by the youth community everywhere but there is very
limited scope of employment in the rural area;
• The demand for other courses like Electrical and Wiring and Repair, Mobile phone
servicing, Pattal-Dona making, Artificial Jewelry, Soap and Aggarbatti making is area
specific and limited to villages where either it is family vocation or requirement of the
product is regular in the market;
• In the villages where trainings have been conducted, majority of people do not want
further training;
• Trained candidates are satisfied with the quality of training but in Dress Designing they
want increased duration
• 75% trained candidates have reported increase in income post training
• Market linkage is the area of concern as majority of trained candidates are not satisfied
with it;
• Credit linkage is inadequate as majority of trained candidates in Dairy have expressed
their dissatisfaction.

Chapter 1.
1. Introduction

Despite impressive economic growth witnessed in past decades, the scenario of employment in
rural India continues to be a major challenge. Studies suggest that the country has not been
able to fully utilise the hidden potential of its rural population that constitutes around 70% of
the total population. Lack of access to vocational training for creating sustainable livelihood,
has been one of the key factors for chronic unemployment especially in the rural areas. As a
result, 68% of rural population in the country is contributing to 13% of GDP.

Rajasthan, Great Indian Thar Desert, is the largest state of India. The contour of Rajasthan is
varied and well divided by the Aravalli Range that spreads across the state from the southwest
to the northeast, with an unproductive region in the northwest to a comparatively fertile land
in the east. In the west, Rajasthan is relatively dry and infertile; this area includes some of the
Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert. In the south-western part of the state, the
land is wetter, hilly, and more fertile

Area 3, 42,239 sq. km.

Total Population 6,85,48,437
Total Working Population 2,98,86,255
Rural Working Population 47.3%
Total Agriculture Laborers 49,39,664
Rural Laborers 47,33,917
Main Industries Agriculture, Textile, Quarrying and Mining
Main Occupation Agriculture and Pastoral.
Major crops grown Wheat, Barley, Pulses, Sugarcane, Oilseeds,
Cotton, Tobacco, Mustard, Pearl,
Millet, Coriander, Fenugreek, Guar.

Jeera, Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. The state produces over 72% of guar of
the world and 60% of India's barley.

Being the largest state of the country accounting for 5.55% of population the share of the state
in the national GDP is only 2.7% which is indicative of low status on the socio-economic
indicators. According to a report published in Business Standard dated August 18, 2014, the
state has an estimated labour force of 280 lakh which is growing at about 2.2% per annum. Thus
there are about 6 lakh additional persons seeking employment every year. However, there is a
significant gap between this demand for employment and the growth rate of employment viz.
1.1% per annum, further adding to the issue of unemployment in the state. Also, around 200
lakh poor persons are either employed at wages lower than the minimum wage or earn
inadequately from self- employment.

1.1 About Regions

The study involves working in villages of 3 regions of Rajasthan namely Udaipur, Jodhpur and
Jaipur. These regions have been divided as part of Cluster Sampling.

Udaipur is an important tourism, commercial/industrial, administrative, transportation and

education center of the region. The city has wholesale markets for various commodities ranging
from food grains to building materials. Krishi Upaj Mandi is a centralized wholesale market for
grains. These units were largely associated with processing and manufacturing mineral ores and
metals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as wooden toys, oil, and food products. Udaipur
region consists of Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Jalor, Pali, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Banswada,
Bhilwada, Sirohi, and Udaipur. The main source of livelihood in villages of these districts is
Agriculture. Major crops grown are Soyabean, Gram, Masoor, Wheat, Garlic, Ladyfinger, Bitter
guard, pumpkin, Chilly, Corn, Cotton and Bottle guard. Satkhanda village in Chittorgarh is the
largest sugarcane producer in Rajasthan. The land is fertile and adequate irrigation facility is
available. Literacy rate is high but employment rate is not so good.

Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples, set in the
stark landscape of the Desert. Jodhpur region consists of Naguar, Ganganagar, Bikaner, Ajmer,
Hanumangarh, Barmer and Jalore. Agriculture and industries are the main source of income in
Jodhpur. Tourism also plays a significant role in the development of economy of Jodhpur.
According to the village records, out of total area of 22,56,405 hectares in Jodhur, 62.53 % area
is under cultivation. Maize, bajra, guar, moth, moong, groundnut, barley, wheat, isabgol,
mustard etc. are the main crops grown here. Jodhpur falls under arid region and due to shortage
of water; the cropping pattern is by and large single. Major industries nearby are chemicals,
plastic, electrical, textiles, cement, artisan work and Handicrafts. The items manufactured
include textiles, metal utensils, bicycles, ink and sporting goods. A flourishing cottage industry
exists for the manufacture of such items as glass bangles,
cutlery, carpets and marble products.

Jaipur, capital and the largest city of Rajasthan is an epitome of magnificence and vibrancy.
The city is famous for Blue pottery, Handicrafts, Edible oil, Marble tiles and slabs, handlooms
and texties. Jaipur economy is based on both modern and traditional industries. Jaipur region
consists of Alwar, Dausa, Jaipur, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Kota, Sawai Madhopur, Sikar and Tonk.
The main source of livelihood in villages of these districts is Agriculture, Labor and Dairy
farming. Land is highly fertile but due to inadequate irrigation facilities, mostly Rabi crops are
grown in these areas. Major crops grown are Wheat, Mustard, Groundnut, Corn, Soybean, Bitter
guard, Millets, Gram etc. Most of the villages in this region are densely populated. Education
in these areas is good but less employment opportunities are available.

1.2 Background
Lack of access to vocational training for creating sustainable livelihood, has been one of the
key factors for chronic unemployment especially in the rural settings. As per the report of a
survey Labor Bureau, Ministry of Labor and Employment, GOI in 2015, the population in age
group of 15 years and above who have received/are receiving vocational training is low
estimated at 6.8% at national level- 6.2% in rural and 8.2% in urban areas.

To address the issue of unemployment, ICICI Foundation has been implementing skill
development and sustainable livelihood programme across the country. The key objective of
the programme is to create employable skills among target population- male and female- to
improve employment status and income level.

Three different models are being implemented to cater to different sections of the society in
different geographies; ICICI academy for Skills-Rural Initiative is one of them. This model was
started in April, 2016 at three locations in Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamilnadu on pilot basis.
The programme aims at improving socio-economic condition of rural population by promoting
employment options within the community through skill development in locally relevant
trades/vocation. It encompasses skill training, market linkages and financial inclusion with
major focus on credit linkage.

The key activities undertaken under the programme are:

• Conducting community based activities to spread awareness about the project among local
stakeholders
• Market scoping to identify trades with local demand
• Providing skill trainings in selected trades
• Facilitating credit linkages to trained candidates with the nearest bank branches
• Regular handholding through structured follow-up to identify and sort out bottlenecks, and
reinforce the new skills to pursue livelihood options.
• Facilitating linkages with the local market for selling product /services at appropriate price.

For skill training four trades for each location were selected based on need of community and
demand of product/services in the local market. The major trades/vocations were Dress
Designing for Women, Dairy and Vermicomposting, Sand Stone Cutting and Finishing, Electrical
Wiring & Repair and Mutiphone Servicing & Repair.

Based on the success of the programme in promoting employment in the rural area and
recognizing the need of the community in different geographies, the programme has been
scaled in different parts of the country to cover larger geographies for creating greater impact.

Chapter 2.

2. Research Design & Methodology

2.1 Research Objective
• To identify the community needs for skill development to pursue sustainable
livelihood options
• To understand the area of improvement in intervention villages
• To identify the major employment options available in local market for forward
linkages
• To recommend area specific intervention to improve livelihood options of the
community

2.2 Sample Design

Area of Assessment

In Intervention Villages
• Quality of training in terms of
• Training duration
• Content
• Methodology
• Knowledge of the trainers
• Status of market linkage
• Utilisation of skill
• Income growth
In New Villages
• Present occupation
• Income status
• Possible employment options
• Employment preference (self/wage)
• Course preference for training
• Engagement during migration season
• Target section for market linkage

2.3 Methodology

The study followed a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection.
Quantitative study included individual interviews with farmers, housewives, businessmen,
laborers and unemployed youth whereas qualitative study included focused group discussion
(FGD) with members of Panchayat Raj Institution, farmers, businesses, and members of
financial institutions, housewives and unemployed youth.
 Sampling Procedure

The study had two stage cluster sampling in which entire state was divided into three regions-
Jaipur, Jodhpur and Udaipur. Each region consisted approximately equal number of villages
based on similar characteristics to draw representative samples. From each region equal
number of villages (10) was selected randomly for intensive study in proposed intervention
area.

For study in intervention villages, four villages from all the three regions were selected to
ensure that samples are representative.

In the new villages, 60-70 respondents including farmers, PRI members, housewives,
businessmen and unemployed youth were selected for in-depth interview. Two FGDs were
conducted in each village including 10-15 members in each FGD.

In intervention villages, 30 trainees were randomly selected from each village. The number of
trainees was equal from both trades- Dress Designing and Dairy & Vermicomposting.

Distribution of Sample (IDI) - Region wise

Region Farmers Businessman Laborers Housewives Unemployed Total

Youth
Udaipur 107 168 162 112 214 763
Jodhpur 206 128 83 47 73 537
Jaipur 132 38 39 196 222 627

Distribution of Sample (FGD) - Region wise

Region Farmers Businessman Laborers Housewives Financial PRI Unemployed Total

institution Members Youth
members
Udaipur 58 22 46 48 4 11 33 222
Jodhpur 82 26 34 51 2 5 15 215
Jaipur 58 30 34 50 3 6 60 241
 2.4 Study Tools
• Questionnaire for In-depth interviews in new villages
• Questionnaire for interviews with trainees in intervention villages
• Checklist for focused group discussion (FGD)

Chapter 3
3. Study Findings – New Villages

3.1 Present Occupation/Employment:

Table-1

Region Wage Employment Self-employment Not Working

Udaipur 99(13%) 282(37%) 382(50%)

Jodhpur 83(15%) 196(37%) 258(48%)

Jaipur 51(8%) 164(26%) 412(66%)

Table 1 shows that in the new villages (proposed intervention area) majority of people are
unemployed in all the regions because of lack of proper skill and employment options. 50% in
Udaipur, 48% in Jodhpur and 66% people in Jaipur region are not doing any work. Further, the
employed people are more in to self –employment (in agriculture and dairy business) and not
involved in any skilled occupation. Of the employed population, only 13 % in Udaipur, 15 %
in Jodhpur and 8% in Jaipur are in wage employment which is very low as compared to self-
employment.

Graph 1
 450

400

350

300

250 Wage Employment

Self Employemnt
200
Not Working
150

100

50

0
Udaipur Jodhpur jaipur

3.2 Income status

Table- 2

Region No income Up to 2000 2000-5000 Above 5000

Udaipur 382(50%) 53 (7%) 153 (20%) 175(23%)

Jodhpur 258(48%) 27 (5%) 107 (20%) 145(27%)

Jaipur 412(66%) 13(2%) 88 (14%) 114(18%)

It is clear from table -2 that majority of people-50% in Udaipur, 48% in Jodhpur and 66% in
Jaipur regions- are having no income because of unemployment. Drawing from the above figure
it can be inferred that proportion of employed population earning below Rs. 2000 is marginal
and majority of them are earning above Rs. 2000/.Also, 23% population in Udaipur, 27% in
Jodhpur and 18% in Jaipur are earning above Rs. 5000. MNEREGA has been one of the main
supplementary sources of income which has contributed to higher income among the employed
population.
3.3 Possible Employment options

The essence of the study is to find out suitable employment options for the community in the
area of proposed intervention. To this end, various employment options have been identified
based on responses of respondents of different groups during in-depth interview and FGD.
Although options/vocations for skill training are many but considering the priority of responses
in terms of marketability of product/services only few have employability potential. So, the
options have been prioritized to enable clearer understanding for conducting training
programmes which are as below:

Agriculture- There is predominance of agriculture across all the regions indicating highest
employment opportunity in this area. This area includes core agriculture as well as agri-based
activities like dairy, goat rearing etc. Mostly, people are engaged in this activity due to easy
availability of work in the village.

MNEREGA- It has appeared as the second employment options across the regions as majority
of working population in the village are engaged in to it. Also, it is a major source of
supplementary income to the villagers.

Dress Designing- Since the programme is women centric, availability of stitching work and
requirement of manpower in the local market has made this trade as the third employment
option for the villagers.

Electrical and Home Appliance Repair-- It has taken the fourth place as far as employment
option is concerned. Although, there has been demand for this course by the youth community
but employment options in the local market are limited. Also, since this target group is not
willing to move to other locations the scope of training in this course is limited.

Others- Apart from above, few employment options are available in the area of Jewel making,
Soap and Agarbatti making, Pattal-Dona and computer. However, these options are location
specific and not in general demand. There are few locations where people are engaged in this
vocation due to family background and demand of products in the local market. The names of
villages are indicated in next section (employment preference).

3.4 Employment Preference

Table-3

Wage employment Self- employment Not responded

Region
 Udaipur 12(2%) 750(98%) 1(0%)

Jodhpur 55(10%) 481(90%) 1(0%)

Jaipur 73(12%) 554(88%) 0(0%)

In order to decide the most suitable trade, the study gathered information about nature of
employment in which community is most comfortable. As per above table, 98% respondents in
Udaipur, 90% in Jodhpur and 88% in Jaipur have expressed their preference for self-
employment. The proportion of respondents opting for wage employment is marginal indicating
that they do not want to leave their respective places and skilling can help them start their
own work in their villages only.

Graph-2

800

700

600

500
Wage employment
400
Self employment
300 Not responded

200

100

0
Udaipur Jodhpur Jaipur

3.5 Course preference for training

Table-4
 Agriculture/ Repairing & Electrical
Beauty Auto
Dress Dairy & Servicing of Computer and
Region Parlor/ Parts Others
Designing Vermin- agri Course Appliance
Mehndi W0rk
composting equipments Repair

Udaipur 280(37%) 169(22%) 22(3%) 40(5%) 92(12%) 55(7%) 36(5%) 69(9%)

Jodhpur 126(23%) 218(41%) 17(3%) 32(6%) 26(5%) 39(7%) 20(4%) 59(11%)

Jaipur 245(39%) 132(21%) 25(4%) 28(4%) 67(11%) 20(3%) 4(1%) 106(17%)

Table-4 reflects the preference of trades across regions based on scope for utilization of skills
in the local market. Trades have been identified and prioritized region wise to get appropriate
picture of skilling needs of rural population. The analysis of above data depicts below picture:

Udaipur- Dress Designing scores highest preferences with 37% of respondents have expressed
their preference for this trade. Lack of tailoring facility in the nearby area, demand for stitched
items in local market and schools are the main reason behind this preference. Besides, this is
the only technical trade which has highest employment potential for women in village setting
because it provides them multiple employment options- self- employment, wage employment
(work from home and at factory).

Agriculture including Dairy & Vermicomposting has got the second preference as 22% of
respondents are in favor of skill enhancement in this area. Although, agriculture sector has the
highest employment potential, most of the people are unaware of the benefits of skilling in this
area. The major crops being grown in the area are- Sugarcane, Ladyfinger, Chilly, Bottle gourd,
Wheat, Cotton, Soybean, Tomato, Garlic etc.

Computer education is also in demand by the youth community with 12% of respondents have
recorded their choice but demand in the local market is a big concern. Most of the respondents
want to open their own business like E-Mitra, Cyber Center which is not possible at large scale.
The unwillingness of the youth community to move and lack of demand in local market are the
biggest limitation of this course. Proper mapping of requirement has to be done before starting
this course.

Although, respondents have shown their interest in other areas like Electrical Wiring and Repair,
Auto parts repair, Beauty parlour etc. but employment potential in local market for these skills
is very low and hence such courses can be conducted in special situation only.

Jodhpur- The analysis of above data suggests that highest proportion of respondents (41%) have
expressed their preference for skilling in Agriculture and Allied courses followed by 23% in Dress
Designing. The preferences for other courses are- 7% in Electrical Wiring and Repair, 6% in
beauty Parlour and 5% in computer course. Preference for other courses is insignificant in view
of the demand of course and employability.

So, Agriculture and Dress Designing are the major area where training can be done. Also, in
other trades, training can be initiated in special case after reviewing the employment potential
in the local market because technical courses offer very limited opportunities for self-
employment at large scale.

The major crops being grown in the area are- Millet, Wheat, Moth, Til, Maize. Also vegetables
like Chili, Bitter gourd, Ladyfinger are the prominent products in the area. Moth and Bajra are
the main crops in the area. Also, Onion is the prominent product which requires technical input
to increase productivity.

Jaipur- 39% of respondents have opted for Dress Designing followed by 21% for Agriculture and
Allied courses and 11% for Computer Education. Other courses like Electrical Wiring and Repair,
Agri-equipment Repair, Beauty Parlour and Auto parts Repair are very less in demand because
of low employment option and willingness to leave their village for pursuing employment.

Like other two regions, Dress Designing and Agriculture continue to grab the choice of
community as the most suitable employment options in this region also.

The major crops being grown in the area are- Maize, Jeera, wheat, Mustard, Til, Moth, Moong,
Millet, groundnut, Onion etc. Millet and Onion are the prominent crop where technical inputs
can help enhance the productivity.

Few villages have been identified across the regions with special requirement for training to
meet local requirement:
• Palodara, Udaipur- Electrical Appliances and Repair due to Zawar mine.
• Mandawar, Jaipur- Pattal-Dona because of their previous background and exposure to
market.
• Burhaan Ke Talla, Jodhpur- Handicraft because they have family background and further
skilling can enhance their income potential.
• Kanwas, Jaipur- Jewel making because they are semiskilled and exposed to market.
Graph No: 3
300

250 Dress Designing

Agriculture/ Dairy &

vermicomposting
200
Repairing & Servicing of agri
equipments
Beauty Parlor/ Mehndi
150
Computer Course

Electrical
100

Auto Parts

50 Others

0
Udaipur Jodhpur Jaipur

3.6 Engagement during migration season

Table-5

Region Labor Other No Work

Udaipur 1(0%) 1(0%) 761(100%)

Jodhpur 67(12%) 36(7%) 434(81%)

Jaipur 1(0%) 1(0%) 625(100%)

The study intended to understand the engagement of rural population during migration season in
the different region. As per the data in the above table, 100% population in Udaipur and Jaipur
prefer to remain without work instead of migrating to other location for work. Only in Jodhpur,
19% people engage in some petty works on part time basis during the off season.
3.7 Financial/Banking/Developmental Institution:

Rajasthan has a bundle of financial institutions encompassing private and public sector banks.
Almost every village across the regions is linked with bank (private sector/public sector). Also,
awareness about banking system is good among the target population.

Chapter 4

4 Study Finding – Intervention Villages

4.1 Quality of Training:

As part of study, quality assessment exercise was conducted in intervention villages (where
trainings have been conducted) to understand the area of improvement in existing processes
and add new practices for better results.

Table -6

Excellent Very good Good Not Good

1.Objectives of the training 26(22%) 50(42%) 35(29%) 8(7%)

2. Interaction between trainer and trainees 39(33%) 72(60%) 8(7%) 0(0%)

3.topics covered in the session 35(30%) 69(58%) 11(9%) 4(3%)

4.contents provided in course duration 39(33%) 60(50%) 20(17%) 0(0%)

5.About the knowledge of trainer 53(45%) 66(55%) 0(0%) 0(0%)

6. Time allotted for trainings. 7(6%) 54(45%) 52(44%) 6(5%)

7. Facilities provided in the classrooms. 20(17%) 57(48%) 40(33%) 2(2%)

8. Market linkages provided 1(1%) 15(13%) 24(20%) 79(66%)

9.Approaching banks for financial support

1(1%) 27(23%) 31(26%) 60(50%)
after the Financial Literacy
 10.Time provided for practical / field
8(7%) 38(32%) 62(52%) 11(9%)
demos

The above table reflects the following:

• Quality of trainer, practical session, training timing, interaction between trainer and
trainees , duration of training have been found very good but the scope of improvement
can’t be ignored
• 66% trainees are not satisfied with the market linkage and 50% of them are not
satisfied with financial linkage

4.2 Income Enhancement post training:

Table-7

Indicators Number % Description

31 26% Rs. 50- Rs. 100
39 33% Rs.100- Rs. 200
10 8% Rs.200-Rs. 300
4 3% Rs.300- Rs. 400
Average increase in income after training
3 3% Rs. 400- Rs. 500
2 2% Over Rs. 500
26 22% No increment
4 3% Not working

The analysis of income generation by the trained candidates post training reflects the
following:

• 97% are engaged in income generation activities

• 75% reported increase in income
• 33% are earning in between Rs. 100-200/day
• 26% are earning in the range of Rs. 50-100/day
• 2% of them are having significant income above Rs. 500/day
• 22% of trained candidates reported no increment in income at the time of study
• 3% trained candidates were found unemployed

4.3 Utilization of training:

Table-8

Indicators Number % Description

 32 28% Used in family vocation
Started a self- owned
Implementation of trainings in current job
79 69% business
4 3% Educating fellow worker

As per the above table, utilization of skill is as under:

• 69% of the trained candidates have started their own work

• 28% are using the skill in their family vocation.
• 3% are engaged in educating fellow workers

4.4 Scope for further training:

Table-9

Indicators Number % Description

5 4% Dairy & Vermi composting
16 13% Dress designing
20 17% Beauty Parlor
4 3% Agriculture related course
Other skill training they want to undertake
write in para 7 6% Computer course
3 3% Electrical training
2 2% Masonry
62 52% Not interested

The scope of training in the intervention villages can be understood from the below findings:

• 52% of the candidates were found not interested in any training further
• 17% have expressed their desire for training in Beauty Parlour but this is additional skill
which has nothing to do with the income generation.
• 13 % of them want to learn new things in Dress Designing to earn higher income

Chapter 5
Summary/recommendation:
• In the light of findings of in-depth-interview and FGD, Agriculture & Allied courses
and Dress Designing have emerged as the most preferred choice in the rural
community of Rajasthan
• Due to lack of tailoring facility in villages and demand of stitched items in the local
market employment opportunity is high in the village
• Although, there is scope for other courses like Electrical Wiring and Repair, Pattal-
Dona making, Jewelry making, Soap and Agarbatti making but it is limited to certain
villages where employment options exist
• The study reflects that people in the rural society prefer self- employment to wage
employment as they are not willing to go out
• Unemployment in the study area is high to the tune of 50% so the scope for skilling is
also high
• Since most of the trainees are not satisfied with market linkage support, structured
and planned effort for linkage is required
• Duration of course in Dress Designing should be increased to meet the skilling
requirement
• More practical sessions are required in both courses- Dairy and Dress designing
• Fat measurement session should be introduced in Dairy training
• On –the- Job training needs to be made mandatory for technical courses to develop
exposure to market requirement
• High speed machines should be installed for training to meet the employer
requirement
• Trainees are not satisfied with credit linkage; female members of JLG need increased
credit facilities whereas Dairy trained candidates need individual credit facility to
purchase cattle
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