Multiple Integrals

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui

School of Applied Mathematics and Informatics,

Hanoi University of Science and Technology

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 1 / 89

Bibliography

James Stewart, Calculus Early Transcendentals, Brooks Cole Cengage

Learning, 2012.
1 Multiple Integrals: Chapter 15,
2 Integrals depending on a parameter:
3 Line Integrals: Chapter 16,
4 Surface Integrals: Chapter 16,
5 Vector Calculus: Chapter 16,
6 Series: Chapter 11.
http://bit.ly/bai-giang

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 2 / 89

Multiple Integrals

1 Double Integrals
Double Integrals over Rectangles
Double Integrals over General Regions
Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
Change of Variables in Double Integrals
Applications of Double Integrals

2 Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box
Triple Integrals over General Regions
Change of Variables in Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Applications of Triple Integrals

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 3 / 89

 Double Integrals

Multiple Integals

1 Double Integrals
Double Integrals over Rectangles
Double Integrals over General Regions
Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
Change of Variables in Double Integrals
Applications of Double Integrals

2 Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box
Triple Integrals over General Regions
Change of Variables in Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Applications of Triple Integrals

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 4 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Double Integrals

Review of the Definite Integral

Z b n
f (xi∗ )∆x .
X
f (x )dx = lim
a n→∞
i=1

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 5 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Double Integrals

Review of the Definite Integral

b−a
1 divide [a, b] into n subintervals [xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x = n
2 choose sample points xi∗ in these subintervals,
n
form the Riemann sum f (xi∗ )∆x
P
3
i=1
Rb n
take the limit V = f (x )dx = lim f (xi∗ )∆x
P
4
a n→∞ i=1

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 6 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Volumes and Double Integrals

Goal: find the volume of S := {(x , y , z) ∈ R3 |0 ≤ z ≤ f (x , y ), (x , y ) ∈ R.}

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 7 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Volumes and Double Integrals

1 divide [a, b] into m subintervals and [c, d] into n subintervals, each of

equal width.
2 choose sample points (xij∗ , yij∗ ) ∈ Rij = [xi−1 , xi ] × [yi−1 , yi ],
V (Rij ) ≈ f (xij∗ , yij∗ )∆x ∆y .
n
m P n
m P
Riemann Sum V = Rij ≈ f (xij∗ , yij∗ )∆x ∆y = Sm,n .
P P
3
i=1 j=1 i=1 j=1
4 take the limit lim Smn .
m,n→∞
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 8 / 89
 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Double Integrals

Definition
The double integral of f over the rectangle R is
ZZ n
m X
f (xij∗ , yij∗ )∆x ∆y
X
f (x , y )dxdy = lim
R m,n→∞
i=1 j=1

if this limit exists.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 9 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Fubini’s Theorem

Theorem (Fubini’s Theorem)

If f is continuous on the rectangle R = {(x , y )|a ≤ x ≤ b, c ≤ x ≤ d},
then
! !
ZZ Z b Z d Z d Z b
f (x , y )dxdy = f (x , y )dy dx = f (x , y )dx dy .
R a c c a

RR Rb
f (x , y )dxdy = V = A(x )dx , where
R a
Rd
A(x ) = f (x , y )dy .
c

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 10 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over Rectangles

Triple Integrals
Properties
RR RR RR
1 [f (x , y ) + g (x , y )] dxdy = f (x , y ) dxdy + g (x , y ) dxdy .
R R R
RR RR
2 αf (x , y ) dxdy = α f (x , y )dxdy .
R R
RR RR RR
3 f (x , y ) dxdy = f (x , y ) dxdy + f (x , y ) dxdy .
D D1 D2

D1 D2

O x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 11 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals over general regions

(
f (x , y ), if (x , y ) ∈ D,
F (x , y ) =
0, if (x , y ) ∈ R \ D.
and ZZ ZZ
f (x , y )dxdy = F (x , y )dxdy .
D R

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 12 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals over plane regions of type I

D = {(x , y )|a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x ) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x )}.

y
R = [a, b] × [c, d]
d
y = g2 (x )
D
y = g1 (x )
c
O a b x

By Fubini’s Theorem,
ZZ ZZ
f (x , y )dxdy = F (x , y )dxdy
D R
 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals over plane regions of type I

D = {(x , y )|a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x ) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x )}.

y
R = [a, b] × [c, d]
d
y = g2 (x )
D
y = g1 (x )
c
O a b x

By Fubini’s Theorem,
ZZ ZZ
f (x , y )dxdy = F (x , y )dxdy
D R
 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals over plane regions of type I

D = {(x , y )|a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x ) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x )}.

y
R = [a, b] × [c, d]
d
y = g2 (x )
D
y = g1 (x )
c
O a b x

By Fubini’s Theorem,
ZZ ZZ
f (x , y )dxdy = F (x , y )dxdy
D R
Z b Z d Z b Z g2 (x )
= dx F (x , y )dy = dx f (x , y )dy .
a c a g1 (x )
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 13 / 89
 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals over general regions

Double Integrals over plane regions of type I
If f is continuous on a type I region D such that
D = {(x , y )|a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x ) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x )}
then ZZ Z Z b g2 (x )
f (x , y )dxdy = dx f (x , y )dy .
D a g1 (x )

y y y
d d d

D D D
c c c
O a b x O a b x O a b x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 14 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals over general regions

Double Integrals over plane regions of type II
If f is continuous on a type II region D such that
D = {(x , y )|c ≤ y ≤ d, h1 (y ) ≤ x ≤ h2 (y )}
then ZZ Z Z d h2 (y )
f (x , y )dxdy = dy f (x , y )dx .
D c h1 (y )

x = h2 (y )
x = h1 (y )

d
D
c

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 15 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Example
x 2 (y − x ) dxdy where D is the region bounded by y = x 2 and
RR
Evaluate
D
x = y 2.

y
y = x2

x = y2
1

O 1 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 16 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Example
2
xe y dx , where D = {(x , y ) : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, x 2 ≤ y ≤ 1}.
RR
Evaluate I =
D

y
y = x2

O 1 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 17 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Exercise
Rb f2R(x )
Change the order of integration I = dx f (x , y )dy .
a f1 (x )

1 From the iterated integral, sketch the region of integration,

2 Divide it into regions of type II, for instance,
Di = {(x , y )|ci ≤ y ≤ di , gi (y ) ≤ x ≤ hi (x )},
3

Zb 2 (x )
fZ di hZi (y )
XZ
dx f (x , y )dy = dy f (x , y )dx .
a f1 (x ) i ci gi (y )

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 18 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Exercise
Rb f2R(x )
Change the order of integration I = dx f (x , y )dy .
a f1 (x )

1 From the iterated integral, sketch the region of integration,

2 Divide it into regions of type II, for instance,
Di = {(x , y )|ci ≤ y ≤ di , gi (y ) ≤ x ≤ hi (x )},
3

Zb 2 (x )
fZ di hZi (y )
XZ
dx f (x , y )dy = dy f (x , y )dx .
a f1 (x ) i ci gi (y )

Rd f2R(y )
Similar for dy f (x , y )dx .
c f1 (y )

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 18 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Example
R1 R 2
1−x
Change the order of integration dx √
f (x , y ) dy .
−1 − 1−x 2

y
1

D1

O 1 x
D2

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 19 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Example
√
1+ 2
R1 R1−y
Change the order of integration dy f (x , y ) dx .
0 2−y

O 1 2 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 20 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Example
√
R2 R2x
Change the order of integration dx √ f (x , y ) dx .
0 2x −x 2

x
O 1 2

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 21 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Change The Order of Integration

Example
Change the order of integration
√
√ 2
R2 Ry R2 4−y
R
dy f (x , y ) dx + √ dy f (x , y ) dx .
0 0 2 0

√
2

O √ x
2
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 22 / 89
 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals involving Absolute Value Functions

RR
Evaluate |f (x , y )| dxdy . The curve f (x , y ) = 0 divides D into two
D
parts,
D + = D ∩ {f (x , y ) ≥ 0}, D − = D ∩ {f (x , y ) ≤ 0}.

ZZ ZZ ZZ
|f (x , y )| dxdy = f (x , y ) dxdy − f (x , y ) dxdy (1)
D D+ D−

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 23 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals involving Absolute Value Functions

RR
Evaluate |f (x , y )| dxdy . The curve f (x , y ) = 0 divides D into two
D
parts,
D + = D ∩ {f (x , y ) ≥ 0}, D − = D ∩ {f (x , y ) ≤ 0}.

ZZ ZZ ZZ
|f (x , y )| dxdy = f (x , y ) dxdy − f (x , y ) dxdy (1)
D D+ D−

Algorithm
1 Sketch the curve f (x , y ) = 0 to find D + , D − .
2 Apply formula (1).

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 23 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals involving Absolute Value Functions

Example
|x + y |dxdy , D : (x , y ) ∈ R2 ||x ≤ 1| , |y | ≤ 1 .
RR 
Evaluate
D

D+

x
O 1
D−

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 24 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Double Integrals involving Absolute Value Functions

Example
RR q
|y − x 2 |dxdy , D : (x , y ) ∈ R2 ||x | ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 .

Evaluate
D

D+
D−
O 1 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 25 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Solving Double Integrals Using Symmetry

Theorem
If
1 f (x , y ) is an odd function with respect to y and,
2 D is symmetric with respect to x − axis
then ZZ
f (x , y ) dxdy = 0.
D

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 26 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Solving Double Integrals Using Symmetry

Theorem
If
1 f (x , y ) is an odd function with respect to y and,
2 D is symmetric with respect to x − axis
then ZZ
f (x , y ) dxdy = 0.
D

Theorem
If
1 f (x , y ) is an even function with respect to y and,
2 D is symmetric with respect to x − axis
ZZ ZZ
f (x , y ) dxdy = 2 f (x , y ) dxdy .
D D+
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 26 / 89
 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Solving Double Integrals Using Symmetry

Theorem
If
1 f (−x , −y ) = −f (x , y ),
2 D is symmetric with respect to the origin,
RR
then f (x , y ) dxdy = 0.
D

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 27 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals over General Regions

Solving Double Integrals Using Symmetry

Theorem
If
1 f (−x , −y ) = −f (x , y ),
2 D is symmetric with respect to the origin,
RR
then f (x , y ) dxdy = 0.
D

Example
RR
Evaluate |x | + |y |dxdy .
|x |+|y |≤1
y
1

O 1 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 27 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

 −−→
r = OM 
 
The polar coordinate of a point M is a pair (r , θ), where −\
−→

θ = OM,Ox .
y

y M
−−→
r = |OM|
θ
O x x

(
x = r cos θ,
Polar coordinates vs rectangular coordinates:
y = r sin θ.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 28 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

1 1 2 1
∆Ai = ri2 ∆θ − ri−1 ∆θ = (ri2 − ri−1 2
)∆θ
2 2 2
1
= (ri + ri−1 )(ri − ri−1 )∆θ = ri∗ ∆r ∆θ.
2

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 29 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

ZZ n
m X
f (ri∗ cos θj∗ , ri∗ sin θj∗ )∆Ai
X
f (x , y )∆A = lim
m,n→∞
R i=1 j=1
n
m X
f (ri∗ cos θj∗ , ri∗ sin θj∗ )ri∗ ∆r ∆θ
X
= lim
m,n→∞
i=1 j=1
ZZ
= f (r cos θ, r sin θ) r drdθ.
R

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 30 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

(
θ1 ≤ θ ≤ θ2
If f is continuous on a polar region of the form
r1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ r2 (θ) ,
then
Zθ2 2 (θ)
rZ

I= dθ f (r cos θ, r sin θ) r dr
θ1 r1 (θ)

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 31 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Example
(
RR 4x ≤ x 2 + y 2 ≤ 8x ,
Evaluate I = dxdy , where D : √
D x ≤ y ≤ 3x .
y

O 2 4 8 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 32 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Example
(
RR dxdy 4y ≤ x 2 + y 2 ≤ 8y
Evaluate , where D : √
(x 2 +y 2 )2 x ≤ y ≤ x 3.
D

y
√
8 y =x 3

y =x
4

O x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 33 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Example
x 2 + (y − 1)2 = 1
(
xy 2 dxdy
RR
Evaluate where D is bounded by
D x 2 + y 2 − 4y = 0.
y
4

O x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 34 / 89

 Double Integrals Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

Example
(
RR xy x 2 + y 2 ≤ 12, x 2 + y 2 ≥ 2x
Evaluate x 2 +y 2
dxdy , where D : √
D x 2 + y 2 ≥ 2 3y , x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.

√
2 3 D2

D1

√ x
O 2 2 3
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 35 / 89
 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

Rb Rd
Back in Calculus I, f (x )dx = f (x (t)) x ′ (t) dt, where x = x (t).
a c
RR RR
Similarly, f (x , y )dxdy = f (x (u, v ), y (u, v )) factor dudv
R S

Example
(
x = x (u, v ) = u 2 − v 2 ,
Consider the transformation T :
y = y (u, v ) = 2uv .
Find the image of the square S = {(u, v ) : 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 1}.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 36 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

 
x ′ xv′ 
∆A ≈ |ru × rv |∆u∆v =  u′  ∆u∆v ,

 yu yv′ 

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 37 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

   
x ′ xv′  D(x , y ) xu′ xv′ 
∆A ≈ |ru × rv |∆u∆v =  u′  ∆u∆v , J= = .

 yu yv′  D(u, v ) yu′ yv′ 

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 37 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

ZZ X n
m X
f (x , y )dA = lim f (xi , yj )∆A
m,n→∞
R i=1 j=1
n
m X
 
X x ′ xv′ 
= lim f (x (ui , vj ), y (ui , vj ))  u′  ∆u∆v

m,n→∞
i=1 j=1
 yu yv′ 
ZZ
= f (x (u, v ), y (u, v ))|J|dudv .
S
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 38 / 89
 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

Change of variables
(
x = x (u, v ),
Let T : , S → R,
y = y (u, v )
x (u, v ), y (u, v ) has continuous partial derivatives on S,
the transformation is a 1 − 1 map.
 
x ′ x ′ 
 u v
the Jacobian J =  ′  6= 0 on S.
yu yv′ 
RR RR
Then f (x , y )dxdy = f (x (u, v ), y (u, v ))|J|dudv .
D S

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 39 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

Change of variables
(
x = x (u, v ),
Let T : , S → R,
y = y (u, v )
x (u, v ), y (u, v ) has continuous partial derivatives on S,
the transformation is a 1 − 1 map.
 
x ′ x ′ 
 u v
the Jacobian J =  ′  6= 0 on S.
yu yv′ 
RR RR
Then f (x , y )dxdy = f (x (u, v ), y (u, v ))|J|dudv .
D S

Example
(
1 ≤ xy ≤ 4
4x 2 − 2y 2
RR

Evaluate I = dxdy , where D :
D x ≤ y ≤ 4x .

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 39 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Change of variables in double integrals

Example
(
1 ≤ xy ≤ 4
4x 2 2y 2
RR

Evaluate I = − dxdy , where D :
D x ≤ y ≤ 4x .

y
y = 4x

y =x

1 xy = 4
xy = 1
O 1 x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 40 / 89
 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Polar coordinate transformation

(
x = r cos θ,
1
y = r sin θ
 
x ′ xθ′ ,
D(x ,y )
2 J= =  r′ =r

D(r ,θ)  yr yθ′ 
RR
3 f (x , y )dxdy =
RRR
f (r cos θ, r sin θ) r drdθ.
S

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 41 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Polar coordinates
(
x2 y2 x = ar cos ϕ
If D : a2
+ b2
≤ 1, then , J = abr
y = br sin ϕ
Example
RR  2
9x − 4y 2  dxdy , where D :
 x2 y2
Evaluate 4 + 9 ≤ 1.
D
y

O 2 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 42 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Polar Coordinates
(
2 2 x = a + r cos ϕ
If D : (x − a) + (y − b) ≤ R 2, then , J =r
y = b + r sin ϕ
Example
√
R2 R 2
4−x p
Evaluate dx √
2x − x 2 − y 2 dy .
0 − 4−x 2
y

x
O 2

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 43 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Polar Coordinates

Example
xy dxdy , where D : (x − 2)2 + y 2 ≤ 1.
RR
Evaluate
D

O 1 3 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 44 / 89

 Double Integrals Change of Variables in Double Integrals

Polar Coordinates

Example
xy dxdy , where D : (x − 2)2 + y 2 ≤ 1, y ≥ 0
RR
Evaluate
D

O 1 3 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 45 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
(
y 2 = x , y 2 = 2x
Compute the area of the domain bounded by
x 2 = y , x 2 = 2y .
y
y = x2 x 2 = 2y

2x = y 2

x = y2

√ √
O 1 3
234 2 x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 46 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
(
y = 0, y 2 = 4ax
Compute the area of the domain D bounded by
x + y = 3a, (a > 0) .
y

3a

3a
O x

−6a

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 47 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute
( the area of the domain D bounded by
x + y = 2x , x 2 + y 2 = 4x
2 2

x = y , y = 0.
y

y =x

O 2 4 x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 48 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute the area of the domain D bounded by r = 1, r = √2 cos ϕ.
3

O x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 49 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute
the area of the domain D bounded by
2
x 2 + y 2 = 2a2 xy (a > 0).

y
√
r = a sin 2ϕ

O
x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 50 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute the area of the domain D bounded by x 3 + y 3 = axy (a > 0)
(Descartes leaf)
y
y = −x − 31

1
2

O 1 x
2

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 51 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute the area of the domain D bounded by r = a (1 + cos ϕ) (a > 0)
(Cardioids)
y

O
2a x

−a

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 52 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

(
0 ≤ z ≤ f (x , y ),
ZZ
Ω: ⇒ V (Ω) = f (x , y ) dxdy .
(x , y ) ∈ D
D
z z = f (x , y )

O y

D
x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 53 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Volume of cylindrical objects

(
z1 (x , y ) ≤ z ≤ z2 (x , y ),
ZZ
V : ⇒ V (Ω) = (z2 (x , y ) − z1 (x , y ))dxdy .
(x , y ) ∈ D
D

z
z = z2 (x , y )

Ω
z = z1 (x , y )
y
O

x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 54 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute
( the volume of the object given by
3x + y ≥ 1, y ≥ 0
3x + 2y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 − x − y .
z

O
y

x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 55 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute
( the volume of the object bounded by the surfaces
z = 4 − x2 − y2
2z = 2 + x 2 + y 2 .
z

2z = 2 + x 2 + y 2

O
z = 4 − x2 − y2 y

x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 56 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
0 ≤ z ≤ 1 − x2 − y2
(
Compute the volume of the object given by V : √
y ≥ x , y ≤ 3x
z

O 1
y

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 57 / 89

 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4a2
(
Compute the volume of the object given by V :
x 2 + y 2 − 2ay ≤ 0
z

2a

2a 2a
x y
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 58 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute the volume of the object bounded by the surfaces

x 2 y2
z =

+ ,z = 0
a2 b2

2 2
 x + y = 2x


a2 b2 a
z
x2 y2
z= a2
+ b2

O
a x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 59 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Example
Compute the volume of the object bounded by the surfaces
 az = x 2 + y 2


V : q
 z = x2 + y2

−a O a y
x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 60 / 89
 Double Integrals Applications of Double Integrals

Applications of Double Integrals

Area of a curved surface

z z = f (x , y )

RR q
S= 1 + zx′ 2 + zy′ 2 dxdy .
D y
O

D
x

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 61 / 89

 Triple Integrals

Multiple Integals

1 Double Integrals
Double Integrals over Rectangles
Double Integrals over General Regions
Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
Change of Variables in Double Integrals
Applications of Double Integrals

2 Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box
Triple Integrals over General Regions
Change of Variables in Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Applications of Triple Integrals

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 62 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals

Review of the Definite Integral

Z b n
f (xi∗ )∆x .
X
f (x )dx = lim
a n→∞
i=1

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 63 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals

Review of the Definite Integral

b−a
1 divide [a, b] into n subintervals [xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x = n
2 choose sample points xi∗ in these subintervals,
n
form the Riemann sum f (xi∗ )∆x
P
3
i=1
Rb n
take the limit V = f (x )dx = lim f (xi∗ )∆x
P
4
a n→∞ i=1

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 64 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Volumes and Double Integrals

Goal: find the volume of S := {(x , y , z) ∈ R3 |0 ≤ z ≤ f (x , y ), (x , y ) ∈ R.}

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 65 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Volumes and Double Integrals

1 divide [a, b] into m subintervals and [c, d] into n subintervals, each of

equal width.
2 choose sample points (xij∗ , yij∗ ) ∈ Rij = [xi−1 , xi ] × [yi−1 , yi ],
V (Rij ) ≈ f (xij∗ , yij∗ )∆x ∆y .
n
m P n
m P
Riemann Sum V = Rij ≈ f (xij∗ , yij∗ )∆x ∆y = Sm,n .
P P
3
i=1 j=1 i=1 j=1
4 take the limit lim Smn .
m,n→∞
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 66 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

1 divide B into sub-boxes by

dividing [a, b] into l subintervals [xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x ,
dividing [c, d] into m subintervals [yj−1 , yj ] of equal width ∆y ,
dividing [r , s] into n subintervals [zk−1 , zk ] of equal width ∆z.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 67 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

1 divide B into sub-boxes by

dividing [a, b] into l subintervals [xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x ,
dividing [c, d] into m subintervals [yj−1 , yj ] of equal width ∆y ,
dividing [r , s] into n subintervals [zk−1 , zk ] of equal width ∆z.
2 ∗ , y ∗ , z ∗ ) in each box B . Each sub-box
Choose sample points (xijk ijk ijk ijk
has volume ∆V = ∆x ∆y ∆z.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 67 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

1 divide B into sub-boxes by

dividing [a, b] into l subintervals [xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x ,
dividing [c, d] into m subintervals [yj−1 , yj ] of equal width ∆y ,
dividing [r , s] into n subintervals [zk−1 , zk ] of equal width ∆z.
2 ∗ , y ∗ , z ∗ ) in each box B . Each sub-box
Choose sample points (xijk ijk ijk ijk
has volume ∆V = ∆x ∆y ∆z.
l P n
m P
3 form the triple Riemann sum
P ∗ , y ∗ , z ∗ )∆V .
f (xijk ijk ijk
i=1 j=1 k=1
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 67 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Definition
ZZZ n
m X
l X
∗ ∗ ∗
X
f (x , y , z)dV = lim f (xijk , yijk , zijk )∆V .
l,m,n→∞
B i=1 j=1 k=1

Again, the triple integral always exists if is continuous.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 68 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Triple Integrals over Rectangular Box

Definition
ZZZ n
m X
l X
∗ ∗ ∗
X
f (x , y , z)dV = lim f (xijk , yijk , zijk )∆V .
l,m,n→∞
B i=1 j=1 k=1

Again, the triple integral always exists if is continuous.

Theorem (Fubini’s Theorem)
If f is continuous on the rectangular box B = [a, b] × [c, d] × [r , s] then
ZZZ Z b Z d Z s
f (x , y , z)dxdydz = dx dy f (x , y , z)dz.
a c r
B

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 68 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Triple Integrals over General Regions

If E is a general bounded solid region, choose

B = [a, b] × [c, d] × [r , s] ⊃ V

and define
(
f (x , y , z), if (x , y , z) ∈ E ,
F (x , y , z) =
0, if (x , y , z) ∈ B \ E .

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 69 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Triple Integrals over General Regions

If E is a general bounded solid region, choose

B = [a, b] × [c, d] × [r , s] ⊃ V

and define
(
f (x , y , z), if (x , y , z) ∈ E ,
F (x , y , z) =
0, if (x , y , z) ∈ B \ E .

Definition
ZZZ ZZZ
f (x , y , z)dV = F (x , y , z)dV .
B
E

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 69 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Triple Integrals over Regions of type I

(
z1 (x , y ) ≤ z ≤ z2 (x , y ),
If V : then
(x , y ) ∈ D
ZZZ ZZ z2Z(x ,y )

I= f (x , y , z) dxdy dz = dxdy f (x , y , z) dz
V D z1 (x ,y )

z
z = z2 (x , y )

V
z = z1 (x , y )
O y
D
x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 70 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Triple Integrals over Regions of type I

Reduce the triple integral into a double integral

1. Find the projection of V onto Oxy .
(
the lower boundary z = z1 (x , y ) ,
2. Find of V .
the upper boundary z = z2 (x , y )
3. Apply the formula

ZZZ ZZ z2Z(x ,y )

I= f (x , y , z) dxdy dz = dxdy f (x , y , z) dz
V D z1 (x ,y )
.
The idea:

Triple Integrals ⇒ Double Integrals ⇒ Iterated integrals

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 71 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Triple Integrals over General Regions

Example
x 2 + y 2 dxdydz, where V :
p p
x2 + y2 ≤ z ≤ 1 − x 2 − y 2.
RRR

Evaluate
V
z
p
z= 1 − x2 − y2

p
z= x2 + y2
y
O

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 72 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Triple Integrals over General Regions

By the same sort of argument,

" #
RRR RR u2 (y
R ,z)
1 Type II: f (x , y , z)dxdydz = f (x , y , z)dx dydz.
E D u1 (y ,z)

" #
RRR RR u2 (x
R ,z)
2 Type III: f (x , y , z)dxdydz = f (x , y , z)dy dxdz.
E D u1 (x ,z)

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 73 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Solving triple integrals using symmetry

Theorem
If
1 V is symmetric with respect to z = 0,
2 f (x , y , z) is an odd function with respect to z
RRR
then f (x , y , z) dxdy dz = 0.
V

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 74 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals over General Regions

Solving triple integrals using symmetry

Theorem
If
1 V is symmetric with respect to z = 0,
2 f (x , y , z) is an odd function with respect to z
RRR
then f (x , y , z) dxdy dz = 0.
V

Theorem
If
1 V is symmetric with respect to z = 0,
2 f (x , y , z) is an even function with respect to z
RRR RRR
then f (x , y , z) dxdy dz = 2 f (x , y , z) dxdy dz.
V V+

Note: The role of x , y , z can be interchangeable.

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 74 / 89
 Triple Integrals Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Rb Rd
1 Calculus 1, f (x )dx = f (x (t)) x ′ (t) dt, where x = x (t).
a c

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 75 / 89

 Triple Integrals Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Rb Rd
1 Calculus 1, f (x )dx = f (x (t)) x ′ (t) dt, where x = x (t).
a c
(
RR RR x = x (u, v ),
2 f (x , y )dxdy = f (x (u, v ), y (u, v ))|J|dudv ,
R S y = y (u, v ).

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 75 / 89

 Triple Integrals Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Rb Rd
1 Calculus 1, f (x )dx = f (x (t)) x ′ (t) dt, where x = x (t).
a c
(
RR RR x = x (u, v ),
2 f (x , y )dxdy = f (x (u, v ), y (u, v ))|J|dudv ,
R S y = y (u, v ).
3 Desire,
ZZZ
f (x , y , z)dxdydz =
B
ZZ
f (x (u, v , w ), y (u, v , w ), z(u, v , w )) factor dudvdw ,
S

x = x (u, v , w ),


where y = y (u, v , w ),

z = z(u, v , w ).


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 75 / 89

 Triple Integrals Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Change of Variables in Triple Integrals


x = x (u, v , w )


Consider the transformation: T : y = y (u, v , w ) , V ′ → V satisfies

z = z(u, v , w ).


1 T is a 1 − 1 map.
2 x (u, v , w ), y (u, v , w ), z(u, v , w ) are continuous and have continuous
partial derivatives on V ′ .
3 The Jacobian determinant
 
x ′ xv′ xw′ 
D(x , y , z)  u
J= = yu′ yv′ yw′  6= 0 in V ′ .
 
D(u, v , w )  ′
zu zv′ zw′ 


Then
ZZZ ZZZ
f (x , y , z)dxdydz = f (x (u, v , w ), y (u, v , w ), z(u, v , w )) |J|dudvdw .
V V′
(1)
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 76 / 89
 Triple Integrals Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Example
RRR
Evaluate (x + y + z)dxdydz, where V is bounded by
 V


 x + y + z = ±3
x + 2y − z = ±1 .

 x + 4y + z = ±2


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 77 / 89

 Triple Integrals Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Change of Variables in Triple Integrals

Example
RRR
Evaluate (x + y + z)dxdydz, where V is bounded by
 V


 x + y + z = ±3
x + 2y − z = ±1 .

 x + 4y + z = ±2



u = x + y + z


Consider the transformation v = x + 2y − z

 w = x + 4y + z


 
 1 1 1 
D (u, v , w)  1
J −1 = = 1 2 −1  = 6 ⇒ J = .

D (x , y , z)  1 6
4 1 
 

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 77 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

z
b
M
Cylindrical Coordinate
M(r , ϕ, z) , where (r , ϕ) is the
polar coordinate of M ′ .
O
ϕ y
−−→ b

x r = |OM ′ | M ′

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 78 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

z
b
M
Cylindrical Coordinate
M(r , ϕ, z) , where (r , ϕ) is the
polar coordinate of M ′ .
O
ϕ y Cylindrical vs rectangular coor.
x = r cos ϕ, y = r sin ϕ, z = z.
−−→ b

x r = |OM ′ | M ′

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 78 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

z
b
M
Cylindrical Coordinate
M(r , ϕ, z) , where (r , ϕ) is the
polar coordinate of M ′ .
O
ϕ y Cylindrical vs rectangular coor.
x = r cos ϕ, y = r sin ϕ, z = z.
−−→ b

x r = |OM ′ | M ′
The transformation

x = r cos ϕ


D(x ,y ,z)
Taking the transformation y = r sin ϕ then J = D(r ,ϕ,z) = r and

z = z.


ZZZ ZZZ
I= f (x , y , z)dxdydz = f (r cos ϕ, r sin ϕ, z)rdrdϕdz.
V Vr ϕz

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 78 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Example
x2 + y2 ≤ 1
(
x2 + y 2
RRR

Evaluate dxdydz, where V :
V 1≤z ≤2
z

V
1

y
O

x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 79 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Example
RRR p
Evaluate z x 2 + y 2 dxdydz, where:
V
a) V is bounded by: x 2 + y 2 = 2x and z = 0, z = a (a > 0).
b) V is a half of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ a2 , z ≥ 0 (a > 0)
z
z

O y

O y

x x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 80 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Example
( p
RRR y= z2 + x2
Evaluate I = ydxdydz, where V is bounded by:
V y = h.
z

h y
O

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 81 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Example
RRR p
Evaluate I = x 2 + y 2 dxdydz where V is bounded by:
V
x2 + y2 = z 2
(

z = 1.
z

y
O
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 82 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Example
x2 + y2 ≤ 1
(
RRR
√ dxdydz
Evaluate , where V :
V x 2 +y 2 +(z−2)2 |z| ≤ 1.
z

y
O

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 83 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

z
b
M The spherical coordinate of a point M is an
−−→ ordered triple (r , θ, ϕ), where
r = |OM|
θ −−→  \ −−→  \ −−→
r = OM  , θ = Oz, OM , ϕ = Ox , OM ′
 
O
ϕ y
b

x M′

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 84 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

z
b
M The spherical coordinate of a point M is an
−−→ ordered triple (r , θ, ϕ), where
r = |OM|
θ −−→  \ −−→  \ −−→
r = OM  , θ = Oz, OM , ϕ = Ox , OM ′
 
O
ϕ y Spherical vs rectangular coor.
b
x = r sin θ cos ϕ, y = r sin θ sin ϕ, z = r cos θ.
x M′

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 84 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

z
b
M The spherical coordinate of a point M is an
−−→ ordered triple (r , θ, ϕ), where
r = |OM|
θ −−→  \ −−→  \ −−→
r = OM  , θ = Oz, OM , ϕ = Ox , OM ′
 
O
ϕ y Spherical vs rectangular coor.
b
x = r sin θ cos ϕ, y = r sin θ sin ϕ, z = r cos θ.
x M′
The transformation

x = r sin θ cos ϕ


D(x ,y ,z)
Let y = r sin θ sin ϕ then J = D(r ,θ,ϕ) = −r 2 sin θ and

z = r cos θ,


ZZZ ZZZ
f (x , y , z)dxdydz = f (· · · , · · · , · · · )r 2 sin θdrdθdϕ.
V Vr θϕ

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 84 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Example
1 ≤ x2 + y2 + z2 ≤ 4
(
x2 y2 z2
RRR

Evaluate + + dxdydz, where V :
V x 2 + y 2 ≤ z 2.

V1

y
O
x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 85 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Example
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 dxdydz, where V : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ z.
RRR p
Evaluate
V

y
O
x
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 86 / 89
 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases


 x = ar sin θ cos ϕ


x2 y2 z2
1 V : a2
+ b2
+ c2
≤1⇒ y = br sin θ sin ϕ , J = −abcr 2 sin θ

 z = cr cos θ


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 87 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases


 x = ar sin θ cos ϕ


x2 y2 z2
1 V : a2
+ b2
+ c2
≤1⇒ y = br sin θ sin ϕ , J = −abcr 2 sin θ

 z = cr cos θ


2 V : (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + (z − c)2 ≤ R 2


 x = a + r sin θ cos ϕ


⇒ y = b + r sin θ sin ϕ , J = −r 2 sin θ

 z = c + r cos θ


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 87 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases


 x = ar sin θ cos ϕ


x2 y2 z2
1 V : a2
+ b2
+ c2
≤1⇒ y = br sin θ sin ϕ , J = −abcr 2 sin θ

 z = cr cos θ


2 V : (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + (z − c)2 ≤ R 2


 x = a + r sin θ cos ϕ


⇒ y = b + r sin θ sin ϕ , J = −r 2 sin θ

 z = c + r cos θ



′
 z = bz


x 2 +y 2 z2
3 V : a2
+ b2
≤1⇒ x = ar cos ϕ

 y = ar sin θ


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 87 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases

Example
RRR p x 2 +y 2 z2
Evaluate z x 2 + y 2 dxdydz, where V : a2
+ b2
≤ 1, z ≥ 0.
V

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 88 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases

Example
RRR p x 2 +y 2 z2
Evaluate z x 2 + y 2 dxdydz, where V : a2
+ b2
≤ 1, z ≥ 0.
V

Cylindrical
 Coordinate. Spherical Coordinate.
′



 z = bz 

 x = ar sin θ cos ϕ
Let x = ar cos ϕ , then Let y = ar sin θ sin ϕ , then
 
 y = ar sin θ
  z = br cos θ


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 88 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases

Example
RRR p x 2 +y 2 z2
Evaluate z x 2 + y 2 dxdydz, where V : a2
+ b2
≤ 1, z ≥ 0.
V

Cylindrical
 Coordinate. Spherical Coordinate.
′



 z = bz 

 x = ar sin θ cos ϕ
Let x = ar cos ϕ , then Let y = ar sin θ sin ϕ , then
 
 y = ar sin θ
  z = br cos θ

 
0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2π,

 

J = a2 br and 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, J = a2 br 2 sin θ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π,
2
0 ≤ z ′ ≤ √1 − r 2 .
 
 0 ≤ r ≤ 1.


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 88 / 89

 Triple Integrals Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates - Special Cases

Example
RRR p x 2 +y 2 z2
Evaluate z x 2 + y 2 dxdydz, where V : a2
+ b2
≤ 1, z ≥ 0.
V

Cylindrical
 Coordinate. Spherical Coordinate.
′



 z = bz 

 x = ar sin θ cos ϕ
Let x = ar cos ϕ , then Let y = ar sin θ sin ϕ , then
 
 y = ar sin θ
  z = br cos θ

 
0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2π,

 

J = a2 br and 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, J = a2 br 2 sin θ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π,
2
0 ≤ z ′ ≤ √1 − r 2 .
 
 0 ≤ r ≤ 1.


2πa3 b 2
I= .
15

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 88 / 89

 Triple Integrals Applications of Triple Integrals

Volume of a solid Object

ZZZ
V = dxdydz.
V

Example

 x + y + z = ±3


Compute the volume of the domain V bounded by x + 2y − z = ±1

 x + 4y + z = ±2.


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 89 / 89

 Triple Integrals Applications of Triple Integrals

Volume of a solid Object

ZZZ
V = dxdydz.
V

Example

 x + y + z = ±3


Compute the volume of the domain V bounded by x + 2y − z = ±1

 x + 4y + z = ±2.


u = x + y + z


Change of variables v = x + 2y − z

 w = x + 4y + z


Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 89 / 89

 Triple Integrals Applications of Triple Integrals

Volume of a solid Object

ZZZ
V = dxdydz.
V

Example

 x + y + z = ±3


Compute the volume of the domain V bounded by x + 2y − z = ±1

 x + 4y + z = ±2.


u = x + y + z


Change of variables v = x + 2y − z

 w = x + 4y + z

 
 1 1 1 
D (u, v , w)   
J −1 = =  1 2 −1  = 6

D (x , y , z)  1 4 1 
 

Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 89 / 89

 Triple Integrals Applications of Triple Integrals

Volume of a solid Object

ZZZ
V = dxdydz.
V

Example

 x + y + z = ±3


Compute the volume of the domain V bounded by x + 2y − z = ±1

 x + 4y + z = ±2.


u = x + y + z


Change of variables v = x + 2y − z

 w = x + 4y + z

 
 1 1 1 
D (u, v , w)    1
J −1 = =  1 2 −1  = 6 ⇒ J = ,

D (x , y , z)  1 4 1 
  6
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 89 / 89
 Triple Integrals Applications of Triple Integrals

Volume of a solid Object

ZZZ
V = dxdydz.
V

Example

 x + y + z = ±3


Compute the volume of the domain V bounded by x + 2y − z = ±1

 x + 4y + z = ±2.


u = x + y + z


Change of variables v = x + 2y − z

 w = x + 4y + z

 
 1 1 1 
D (u, v , w)  1 1
  ZZZ
J −1 = =  1 2 −1  = 6 ⇒ J = , V = dudvdw = 8.

D (x , y , z)  1 4 1 
  6 6
Vuvw
Dr. Xuan Dieu Bui Multiple Integrals I ♥ HUST 89 / 89