Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

* 3 0 4 2 9 2 1 3 1 4 *
PHYSICS 9702/41
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2019
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 26 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (KS/CB) 162211/4
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
2
Data
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1
permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C
the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg
rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1
the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2
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3
Formulae
1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas W = pΔV
Gm
gravitational potential φ = −
r
hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p = 〈c 〉
3 V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω (x 02 - x 2)
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs
Q
electric potential V =
4πε0r
capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .
capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .
1
energy of charged capacitor W = 2 QV
electric current I = Anvq
resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .
resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .
BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq
alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ωt
radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt)
0.693
decay constant λ =
t 1
2
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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Two point masses are isolated in space and are separated by a distance x.
State an expression relating the gravitational force F between the two masses to the
magnitudes M and m of the masses. State the name of any other symbol used.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A spacecraft is to be put into a circular orbit about a spherical planet.
The planet may be considered to be isolated in space. The mass of the planet, assumed to
be concentrated at its centre, is 7.5 × 1023 kg. The radius of the planet is 3.4 × 106 m.
(i) The spacecraft is to orbit the planet at a height of 2.4 × 105 m above the surface of the
planet. At this altitude, there is no atmosphere.
Show that the speed of the spacecraft in its orbit is 3.7 × 103 m s –1.
[2]
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5
(ii) One possible path of the spacecraft as it approaches the planet is shown in Fig. 1.1.
3.64 × 106 m
B
5.00 × 107 m
planet
mass 7.5 × 1023 kg
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)
The spacecraft enters the orbit at point A with speed 3.7 × 103 m s–1.
At point B, a distance of 5.00 × 107 m from the centre of the planet, the spacecraft has a
speed of 4.1 × 103 m s–1. The mass of the spacecraft is 650 kg.
For the spacecraft moving from point B to point A, show that the change in gravitational
potential energy of the spacecraft is 8.3 × 109 J.
[3]
(c) By considering changes in gravitational potential energy and in kinetic energy of the
spacecraft, determine whether the total energy of the spacecraft increases or decreases in
moving from point B to point A. A numerical answer is not required.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]

6
2 A fixed mass of an ideal gas has volume 210 cm3 at pressure 3.0 × 105 Pa and temperature 270 K.
The volume of the gas is reduced at constant pressure to 140 cm3, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
210 cm3 140 cm3

3.0 × 105 Pa 3.0 × 105 Pa
270 K T
Fig. 2.1
The final temperature of the gas is T.
(a) Determine:
(i) the amount of gas
amount = ................................................... mol [3]
(ii) the final temperature T of the gas
T = .......................................................K [2]
(iii) the external work done on the gas.
work done = ....................................................... J [2]
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7
(b) For this change in volume and temperature of the gas, the thermal energy transferred is 53 J.
Determine ΔU, the change in internal energy of the gas.
ΔU = ....................................................... J [3]
[Total: 10]

8
3 A hollow tube, sealed at one end, has a cross-sectional area A of 24 cm2.

The tube contains sand so that the total mass M of the tube and sand is 0.23 kg.
The tube floats upright in a liquid of density t, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
tube, area
of cross-section A
liquid, density t
h
sand
Fig. 3.1
The depth of the bottom of the tube below the liquid surface is h.
The tube is displaced vertically and then released. The variation with time t of the depth h is shown
in Fig. 3.2.
h / cm
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
t/s
Fig. 3.2
(a) Determine:
(i) the amplitude, in metres, of the oscillations
amplitude = ...................................................... m [1]

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9
(ii) the frequency of oscillation of the tube in the liquid
frequency = .....................................................Hz [2]
(iii) the acceleration of the tube when h is a maximum.
acceleration = .................................................m s–2 [2]
(b) The frequency f of oscillation of the tube is given by the expression

A tg
f=
1 c m
2π M
where g is the acceleration of free fall.
Calculate the density t of the liquid in which the tube is floating.
t = ...............................................kg m–3 [2]
(c) The oscillations illustrated in Fig. 3.2 are undamped. In practice, the liquid does cause light
damping.
On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to show light damping of the oscillations for time t = 0 to time t = 1.4 s.
[3]
[Total: 10]

10
4 (a) During the transmission of a signal, attenuation occurs and noise is picked up.
State what is meant by:
(i) attenuation
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) noise.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) By reference to (a)(ii), explain the advantage of the transmission of the signal in digital form
rather than in analogue form.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Part of an analogue signal is shown in Fig. 4.1.
10
signal
voltage
/ mV
8
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
time t / ms
Fig. 4.1
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11
The signal is to be transmitted in digital form.
The analogue signal is sampled at a frequency of 1.0 × 103 Hz using an analogue-to-digital

converter (ADC). The ADC produces 4-bit numbers.
The times t at which the analogue signal is sampled are shown in Fig. 4.2.
time
t / ms 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
digital
number 0010 0110 0100 0101 ……… ……… ………
Fig. 4.2
On Fig. 4.2:
(i) for the digital number at time t = 3.0 ms, underline the least significant bit (LSB) [1]
(ii) state the digital numbers corresponding to the sampling times between time t = 4.0 ms
and time t = 6.0 ms. [2]
(d) The transmitted digital signal is converted back to an analogue signal using a digital-to-
analogue converter (DAC).
On Fig. 4.3, show the variation with time t of the output levels of the DAC for time t = 0 to
time t = 4.0 ms. Assume that there is negligible time delay in the transmission line.
output
level
6
0
0 1 2 3 4
time t / ms
Fig. 4.3
[3]
[Total: 10]

12
5 (a) State what is meant by electric field strength.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Two point charges A and B are situated a distance 15 cm apart in a vacuum, as illustrated in
Fig. 5.1.
A P B
15 cm
Fig. 5.1
Point P lies on the line joining the charges and is a distance x from charge A.
The variation with distance x of the electric field strength E at point P is shown in Fig. 5.2.
10
8
E / 103 N C –1
6
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
x / cm
–2
–4
–6
Fig. 5.2
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13
(i) By reference to the direction of the electric field, state and explain whether the charges
A and B have the same, or opposite, signs.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State why, although charge A is a point charge, the electric field strength between
x = 3 cm and x = 7 cm does not obey an inverse-square law.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Use Fig. 5.2 to determine the ratio
magnitude of charge A
.
magnitude of charge B
ratio = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]

14
6 (a) State two different functions of capacitors in electrical circuits.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Three uncharged capacitors of capacitances C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series with a
battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and a switch, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
C1 C2 C3
plate P
charge +q
Fig. 6.1
When the switch is closed, there is a charge + q on plate P of the capacitor of capacitance C1.
Show that the combined capacitance C of the three capacitors is given by the expression
1 1 1 1
= + + .
C C1 C2 C3
[3]
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15
(c) A student has available four capacitors, each of capacitance 20 μF.
Draw circuit diagrams, one in each case, to show how the student may connect some or all of
the capacitors to produce a combined capacitance of:
(i) 60 μF
[1]
(ii) 15 μF.
[1]
[Total: 7]

16
7 The circuit for an inverting amplifier incorporating an ideal operational amplifier (op-amp) is shown
in Fig. 7.1.
5.2 k
0.80 k +5 V
–
P
+
–5 V R
VIN VOUT
D
Fig. 7.1
(a) For the circuit of Fig. 7.1:
(i) explain why point P is known as a virtual earth
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) calculate the gain of the amplifier.
gain = ......................................................... [2]
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17
(b) When the op-amp is saturated, the potential difference across the LED is 2.3 V.
Calculate the minimum resistance of resistor R so that the current in the LED is limited to
30 mA.
resistance = ..................................................... Ω [3]
[Total: 8]

18
8 A solenoid is connected in series with a battery and a switch, as illustrated in Fig. 8.1.
small coil
A
solenoid
axis of
solenoid
Fig. 8.1
A small coil, connected to a sensitive ammeter, is situated near one end of the solenoid.
As the current in the solenoid is switched on, there is a changing magnetic field inside the solenoid.
(a) (i) State what is meant by a magnetic field.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) On Fig. 8.1, draw an arrow on the axis of the solenoid to show the direction of the
magnetic field inside the solenoid. Label this arrow P. [1]
(b) As the current in the solenoid is switched on, there is a current induced in the small coil. This
induced current gives rise to a magnetic field in the small coil.
(i) State Lenz’s law.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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19
(ii) Use Lenz’s law to state and explain the direction of the magnetic field due to the induced
current in the small coil. On Fig. 8.1, mark this direction with an arrow inside the small
coil.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) The small coil has an area of cross-section 7.0 × 10–4 m2 and contains 75 turns of wire.
A constant current in the solenoid produces a uniform magnetic flux of flux density 1.4 mT
throughout the small coil.
The direction of the current in the solenoid is reversed in a time of 0.12 s.
Calculate the average e.m.f. induced in the small coil.
e.m.f. = .......................................................V [3]
[Total: 10]

20
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21
9 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) is used to obtain diagnostic information about
internal body structures.
State, during the use of NMRI, the function of:
(a) the large constant magnetic field
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) the non-uniform magnetic field.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 5]

22
10 A bridge rectifier contains four diodes. The output of the rectifier is connected to a resistor R, as
shown in Fig. 10.1.
bridge output
input rectifier resistor R
Fig. 10.1
The variation with time t of the input e.m.f. E to the rectifier is given by the expression
E = 15 cos(210t )
where t is measured in seconds and E in volts.
The variation with time t of the potential difference V across resistor R is shown in Fig. 10.2.
0
t1 t2
time t
Fig. 10.2
Determine:
(a) the maximum potential difference VMAX across resistor R
VMAX = .......................................................V [1]
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23
(b) the time interval, to two significant figures, between time t1 and time t2.
time = ....................................................... s [3]
[Total: 4]

24
11 (a) State three pieces of evidence provided by the photoelectric effect for a particulate nature of
electromagnetic radiation.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) The work function energies of some metals are shown in Fig. 11.1.
work function
energy / eV
sodium 2.4
calcium 2.9
zinc 3.6
silver 4.3
Fig. 11.1
Each metal is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 380 nm.
(i) Calculate the energy, in eV, of a photon of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 380 nm.
energy = ......................................................eV [3]
(ii) Determine which metals will give rise to the emission of photoelectrons. Explain your
answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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25
(c) Photons of wavelength 380 nm are incident normally on a metal surface at a rate of
7.6 × 1014 s–1.
All the photons are absorbed in the surface and no photoelectrons are emitted.
Calculate the force exerted on the metal surface by the incident photons.
force = ...................................................... N [3]
[Total: 11]

26
12 (a) A sample of a radioactive isotope contains N nuclei of the isotope at time T.

At time (T + ΔT ), the sample contains (N – ΔN ) nuclei of the isotope. The time interval ΔT is
short.
Use the symbols N, ΔN, T and ΔT to give expressions for:
(i) the average activity of the sample during the time ΔT
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the probability of decay of a nucleus in the time ΔT
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) the decay constant λ of the isotope.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The isotope polonium-208 (208 (204Pb).

84 Po) is radioactive and decays to form lead-204 82
The nuclear equation for this decay is
208 Po 204 Pb
84 82
+ 42 He.
Data for nuclear masses are given in Fig. 12.1.
mass / u
4 He
2 4.002 603
204 Pb
82 203.973 043
208 Po
84 207.981 245
Fig. 12.1
(i) Determine, for the decay of one nucleus of polonium-208:
1. the change, in u, of the mass
mass change = ....................................................... u [1]
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27
2. the total energy, in pJ, released.
energy = ..................................................... pJ [3]
(ii) The polonium-208 nucleus is initially stationary. The initial kinetic energy of the
4 He nucleus (α-particle) is found to be less than the energy calculated in (i) part 2.
2
Suggest two possible reasons for this difference.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]
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28
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Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

This document consists of 26 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19

work done on/by a gas W = pΔV

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ωt

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt)

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19 [Turn over

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

(b) A spacecraft is to be put into a circular orbit about a spherical planet.

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19 [Turn over

210 cm3 140 cm3

The final temperature of the gas is T.

(i) the amount of gas

amount = ................................................... mol [3]

(ii) the final temperature T of the gas

(iii) the external work done on the gas.

work done = ....................................................... J [2]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19

Determine ΔU, the change in internal energy of the gas.

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19 [Turn over

3 A hollow tube, sealed at one end, has a cross-sectional area A of 24 cm2.

The tube floats upright in a liquid of density t, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.

amplitude = ...................................................... m [1]

(ii) the frequency of oscillation of the tube in the liquid

frequency = .....................................................Hz [2]

(iii) the acceleration of the tube when h is a maximum.

acceleration = .................................................m s–2 [2]

(b) The frequency f of oscillation of the tube is given by the expression

Calculate the density t of the liquid in which the tube is floating.

t = ...............................................kg m–3 [2]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19 [Turn over

State what is meant by:

(c) Part of an analogue signal is shown in Fig. 4.1.

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/M/J/19

The signal is to be transmitted in digital form.

The analogue signal is sampled at a frequency of 1.0 × 103 Hz using an analogue-to-digital