18P81E0023-capital Structure Jultratech Cement
18P81E0023-capital Structure Jultratech Cement
18P81E0023-capital Structure Jultratech Cement
STUDY ON
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
WITHREFERENCE TO
HYDERABAD
1
1 .1 INTRODUCTION
The capital structure is the way a firm backings its general assignments and headway by
utilizing various wellsprings of advantages. Responsibility comes as bond issues or
significant lot notes payable, while regard is named regular stock, upheld stock or held
advantage. Transient duty, for example, working capital necessities is in addition seen as a
component of the capital structure. An affiliation's level of short and extended length
responsibility is viewed as while investigating capital structure. Precisely when individuals
propose the capital structure they are in all likelihood intimating a connection's promise to-
regard degree, which gives data into how dangerous an affiliation is.
"Capital structure suggests the blend of extended length wellsprings of advantages, for
example, debentures, significant lot responsibilities, inclination offer capital and worth offer
capital including stores and wealth."— I. M. Pandey.
"Capital structure suggests an affiliation's phenomenal duty and worth. It permits a firm to
comprehend what sort of supporting the affiliation uses to back its general exercises and
improvement" - Prasanna Chandra ".
The target of cash related association is to increment monetary pros' riches, the key issue is:
what is the relationship between capital structure and firm worth? Of course, what is the
relationship between capital structure and cost of capital? Audit that valuation and cost of
capital are then again related. Given a specific degree of pay, the estimation of the firm is
helped when the expense of capital is obliged and the an alternate way.
There are various perspectives on how capital structure impacts respect. Some battle that there
is no relationship what so ever between capital structure and firm worth; other recognize that
cash related effect (i.e., the use of duty capital) distinctly impacts firm an inspiring power
with a particular goal in mind and negative impact beginning there; still others battle that,
different things being tantamount, continuously essential the effect, progressively basic the
estimation of the firm.
2
Right when the affiliation characterizes out its goal to the degree the money related expert's
riches improvement (SWM), it is customarily perfect with the premiums of different get-
togethers. Right now building up a fitting capital structure for its affiliation, the financial boss
should cover alia target heightening the extended length advance expense per share.
Hypothetically,
There might be an exact point or range inside an industry there might be a degree of a fitting
capital structure with which there would not be excellent contrasts in the market respect per
share. One approach to manage get a thought of this range is to watch the capital structure
examples of affiliations versus their market costs of offers. It might be discovered likely that
there are no huge contrasts in the standard qualities inside a given range. The association of
an affiliation may fix its capital structure close to the most raised motivation behind this range
to utilize impeccable effect, subject to different prerequisites, for example, adaptability,
dissolvability, control, and measures set by the money related foundations, the security trade
Board of India (SEBI) and stock trades.
3
1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY:
1. The estimation of the firm relies upon its customary advantage stream and the rate used to
restrict this stream.
2. The rate used to compel pay stream it's the association's imperative pace of return or the
expense of capital.
3. At the present time, capital structure choice can affect the estimation of the firm either by
changing the customary advantage of the firm, at any rate it can affect the stay pay of the
budgetary experts.
4. The impact of effect on the expense of capital isn't clear. Clashing closures have been
granted on this issue.
5. Truth be told, this issue is one of the most solid zones in the hypothesis of money, and
maybe continuously hypothetical and observational work has been done with respect to this
issue than some other.
6. On the off chance that effect impacts the expense of capital and the estimation of the firm,
an ideal capital structure would be gotten at that blend of duty and worth that broadens the
immovable estimation of the firm or controls the weighted standard expense of capital. The
subject of the proximity of ideal utilization of effect has been put quickly by Ezra Solomon
in the going with words.
Given that a firm has certain structure of favorable circumstances, which offers net working
advantage of given size and quality, and given a specific structure of rates in the capital
markets, is there some particular level of cash related effect at which the market estimation
of the association's confirmations will be higher than at different degrees of effect?
The proximity of an ideal capital structure isn't perceived by all. These exist two excellent
perspectives and center position. David Durand saw the two phenomenal perspectives the net
increment and net working strategies
4
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
An investigation of the capital structure includes an estimation of long haul just as transient
sources that an organization taps so as to meet its prerequisites of fund. The extent of the
investigation is kept to the sources that ULTRATECH CEMENT LTD tapped throughout the
years under examination for example 2015-2019.
5
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The endeavor is an undertaking to search for an information into the points that are related
with the capital sorting out and money related decisions of the association. This endeavor
endeavors to achieve the going with objectives.
1. To think about the capital structure of ULTRATECH CEMENT LTD through EBIT-
EPSestimation
2. To think about the practicality of financing decisions on EPS and EBIT of the firm.
4. To take a gander at the financing designs in ULTRATECH CEMENT LTD for the hour of
2015-2019.
5. To think about the commitment/esteem extent of ULTRATECH CEMENT LTD for 2015-
2019.
6
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Data relating to ULTRATECH CEMENT LTD. Has been assembled through helper
sources.
Assistant SOURCES:
A critical fragment of the data right currently been accumulated through assistant
wellsprings of data i.e., Journals, locales, Books, and all other significant information or
creative are taken as discretionary wellspring of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The assembled data has been taken care of using the instruments of
• Ratioestimation
• Graphical appraisal
• Year-yearestimation
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5.3 LIMITATION
1. EPS is one of the by and large generally utilized degrees of the affiliation's show inevitably.
2. As needs be, in picking among duty and motivating force in a little while, from time to
time an over the top proportion of thought is paid on EPS, which regardless, has genuine
suppressions as a financing-choice standard.
3. The critical inadequacy of the EPS as a financing-choice reason is that it doesn't think about
hazard; it disregards instability about the customary estimation of EPS.
4. The conviction that cash related specialists would be simply worried over the regular EPS
isn't all around set up.
5. Cash related experts in regards to the bits of the affiliation consider both anticipated worth
and fluctuation.
8
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
9
HYPOTHETICAL FRAMEWORK
THAT IS WITH MORE DUTY EPS RAISES AND FALLS SPEEDIER THAN THE RISING AND FALL
THE IMPULSE OF EBIT AND EPS SEE TWO SORTS OF HAZARD WORKING RISK AND MONEY
RELATED PERIL. THE ABILITY AMONG WORKING AND BUDGETARY HAZARD WAS
RECENTLY OBSERVED BY MARSHALL IN THE GOING WITH WORDS.
WORKING RISK: -
SUCH PERIL IN THE EVENT THAT IT CAN PREDICT IT WITH A REASONABLE LEVEL OF
ACCURACY
1. VARIABILITY OF PLANS
2. VARIABILITY OF COSTS
1. FLUCTUATION OF SALES:
10
THREE REASONS. FIRST THE PROGRESSIONS EVERYTHING CONSIDERED BUDGETARY
CONDITIONS MAY AFFECT THE DEGREE OF BUSINESS ACTION. BUSINESS CYCLE IS A
MONETARY WONDER, WHICH EFFECTS DEALS EVERYTHING BEING EQUAL. SECOND
CERTAIN OCCASIONS SWAY COURSES OF ACTION OF AFFILIATION ADVANTAGES FOR A
INCLINATIONS, ETC. THIRD GAME PLANS MAY IN LIKE WAY BE AFFECTED BY THE
COMPONENTS, WHICH ARE INSIDE TO THE AFFILIATION. THE ADJUSTMENT IN THE BOARD
THE THING SHOW CHOICE OF THE AFFILIATION AND ITS HYPOTHESIS APPROACH OR
PACE OF ADVANTAGE FOR NET RESOURCES. IN THIS WAY, WHEN THE SEPARATION
THE EXAMINERS, THE COMPENSATION PER SHARE (EPS) OR ADVANTAGE FOR REGARD
INCREMENT. IN ANY CASE, EPS OR ROE WILL FALL IF THE AFFILIATION GETS THE FIXED
CHARGES ASSETS AT A COST HIGHER THAN THE PACE OF ADVANTAGE FOR THE
AND ROI ARE THE ESSENTIAL FIGURES FOR ISOLATING THE EFFECT OF MONEY RELATED
EFFECT.
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE DEFINED:
OF THE ACCOUNTING REPORT. FOR THE MOST PART, TRANSIENT BORROWINGS ARE
REJECTED FROM THE REVIEW OF SYSTEMS FOR FINANCING THE ALLIANCE'S CAPITAL
USAGE, AND AT THIS MOMENT, EXTENDED LENGTH CASES ARE SAID TO LAYOUT THE
ADDRESS THE PROPORTIONATE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DUTY AND WORTH .EQUITY JOINS
CHOICE. THE AFFILIATION SHOULD DESIGN ITS CAPITAL STRUCTURE FROM THE
BEGINNING AT THE HOUR OF ITS PROGRESS.
HAVE A DEDICATION – REGARD DEGREE OF 2:1 FOR MEDIUM AND TREMENDOUS DEGREE
UNDERTAKINGS AND 3:1 SHOWS THAT FOR EACH UNIT OF NOTEWORTHY WORTH THE
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AFFILIATION HAS, IT CAN RAISE 2 UNITS OF DUTY. THE DEDICATION REGARD DEGREE
SHOWS THE GENERAL DEGREES OF CAPITAL OBLIGATION BY CREDIT DIRECTORS AND
EXAMINERS.
CHOICES.
• COST OF CAPITAL
• DILUTION OF CONTROL
• FLOATATION COSTS
DECISION TO RAISE SPARES AT WHATEVER POINT THE NEED RISES AND EXPENSIVE TO
13
3. CONTROL: - THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE SHOULD CONSOLIDATE LEAST
INCAPACITATING OF CONTROL OF THE AFFILIATION.
LIMITED DEGREE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT BEGINNING THERE; STILL OTHERS BATTLE
OUGHT TO BE POSSIBLE PRECISELY WHEN EACH AND EVERY ONE OF THOSE COMPONENTS
WHICH ARE BASIC TO THE AFFILIATION'S CAPITAL STRUCTURE CHOICE ARE FITTINGLY
14
POOR DOWN AND ADJUSTED. THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OUGHT TO BE PLANNED THE
MOST PART KEEPING IN WATCH THE PREMIUMS OF THE VALUE EXAMINERS, BEING THE
THERE WOULD NOT BE EXCELLENT SEPARATIONS IN THE MARKET RESPECT PER SHARE.
ONE APPROACH TO MANAGE GET A THOUGHT OF THIS RANGE IS TO WATCH THE CAPITAL
STRUCTURE OCCURRENCES OF AFFILIATIONS' REVERSE THEIR MARKET COSTS OF
AFFILIATION MAY FIX ITS CAPITAL STRUCTURE CLOSE TO THE MOST ESSENTIAL REASON
THE AFFILIATION. T
15
CHAPTER-III
COMPANY PROFILE
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3.2 COMPANY PROFILE
ULTRATECH CEMENT:
UltraTech Cement Limited has a yearly limitation of 19.2 million tons. It conveys and
showcases Ordinary Portland Cement, Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement and Portland
Pozzalana Cement. It besides conveys masterminded blend concrete (RMC).
UltraTech Cement Limited has five merged plants, six crushing units and three terminals —
two in India and one in Sri Lanka.
UltraTech Cement is the nation's most noteworthy exporter of strong clinker. The cost
markets length nations around the Indian Ocean, Africa, Europe and the Middle East.
UltraTech's aides are Dakshin Cement Limited and UltraTech Ceylinco (P) Limited.
The concealed foundations of the Aditya Birla Group come back to the nineteenth century in
the incredible town of Pilani set in the midst of the Rajasthan desert. It was here that Seth
Shiv Narayan Birla began exchanging cotton, developing the structure for the House of
Birla's.
Through India's troublesome occasions of the 1950s, the Birla business extended quickly. In
the early piece of the twentieth century, our Group's structure up father, Ghanshyamdas Birla,
set up associations in principal parts, for example, materials and fiber, aluminum, concrete
and built substances. As a near to friend of Mahatma Gandhi, he expected a working action
in the Indian open entryway battle. He tended to India at the first and second round-table
amassing in London, close by Gandhiji. It was at "Birla House" in Delhi that the illuminating
presences of the Indian open entryway battle routinely met to plot the annihilation of the
British Raj.
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Ghanshyamdas Birla found no inconsistency in searching for after business focuses with the
devotion of a holy individual, rising as one of the essential industrialists of pre-opportunity
India. The measures by which he lived were devoured by his grandson, Aditya Vikram Birla,
our Group's bewildering pioneer.
Reality FILE:
Largest maker of lessen strong, white concrete and masterminded blend concrete in
India.
Presence with 16 joined plants, 1 white strong plant, 2 Wall Care earth plants, 1
clinkerisation plant in UAE, 16 smashing units; 16 in India, 2 in UAE, 1 in Bahrain and
Bangladesh every, 6 mass terminals; 5 in India and 1 in Sri Lanka and 131 Concrete plants
Straddling pass on business parts in nations over the Indian Ocean and the Middle
East.
A staggering power in Indian industry, Mr. Aditya Birla attempted to look for in the wake of
setting up a general business area at 24 years old. He was the first to put Indian business on
the world guide, as far back as 1969, some time before globalization changed into a jazzy
enunciation in India.
In the then searing and free market South East Asian nations, he set out to set up world-class
creation bases. He had predicted the unquestionable examples and staked the
predetermination of his business on a veritable, free market driven economy request. He put
Indian business on the globe, 22 years before cash related development was officially
presented by the past Prime Minister, Mr. Narasimha Rao and the past Union Finance
18
Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh. He set up 19 relationship outside India, in Thailand,
Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Egypt.
Anomalous, for Mr. Aditya Birla, globalization recommended a choice that is other than
geographic reach. He recognized that a business could be worldwide even while being
orchestrated in India. At this moment, in his home-locale, he drove bravely to assemble the
structure squares to make our Indian business a general power.
Under his stewardship, his affiliations rose to be the world's most noteworthy maker of gooey
staple fiber, the best purifier of palm oil, the third most noteworthy maker of protectors and
the 6th most noteworthy maker of carbon diminish. In India, they accomplished the status of
the best single maker of thick fiber yarn, close to being a maker of strong, dull concrete and
rayon grade squash. The Group is in like way the best maker of aluminum in the private zone,
the most irrelevant at first cost makers on the planet and the essential maker of texture in the
material business in India.
At the hour of his not actually impeccable end, the Group's employments crossed Rs.8,000
crore all around, with resources of over Rs.9,000 crore, containing 55 benchmark quality
plants, an authority nature of 75,000 and an examiner arrangement of 600,000.
Above all, his affiliations earned regard and love of the individuals, as one of India's best
business houses, and the basic Indian International Group totally. Through this phenomenal
record of huge business, he made immense riches for the country, and regard for Indian
undertaking in South East Asia. In his time, his prospering was unequaled by some other
industrialist in India.
That India achieves good circumstance among the made countries was a fantasy he constantly
prized. He was happy with India and put enthusiastically in being an Indian.
Under the authority of our Chairman, Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, the Group has maintained
and set up a force position in its key relationship through steady worth creation. Driven by
Grasim, Hindalco, Aditya Birla Nuvo, Indo Gulf Fertilizers and relationship in Thailand,
Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Egypt, the Aditya Birla Group is an innovator in a
swathe of things — thick staple fiber, aluminum, strong, copper, carbon diminish, palm oil,
19
covers, articles of clothing. Additionally, with profitable attacks into monetary associations,
telecom, programming and BPO, the Group is today one of Asia's most enlarged business
parties.
Directorate:
Mr.R.C. Bhargava
Mr. G. M. Dave
Mr. N. J. Jhaveri
Mr. S. B. Mathur
Mr. V. T. Moorthy
Mr. O. P. Puranmalka
Mr. S. Rajgopal
Mr. D. D. Rathi
Mr. K. C. Birla
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R.K. Shah
Mr. O. P. Puranmalka
Affiliation Secretary
Mr. S. K. Chatterjee
Our vision
"To effectively add to the social and cash related progress of the frameworks in which we
work. At this moment, a transcendent, valuable lifestyle for the more exposed zones of society
and raise the nation's human improvement record."
Grants won
Year Award
2016-16 ASSOCHAM CSR Excellence Award for its "genuinely magnificent" CSR
works out
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2015 Greentech Environment Excellence Gold Award
Before Corporate Social Responsibility found a spot in corporate lexion, it was by then
finished into our Group's worth structures. As before timetable as the 1940s, our structure up
father Shri G.D Birla kept up the trusteeship thought of the managers. Just conveyed, this
incorporates the riches that one makes and holds is to be held as in a trust for our different
assistants. Concerning CSR, this recommends contributing piece of our favorable
circumstances past business, for the more prominent unimaginable of society.
While passing on forward in this manner of thinking, his grandson, Aditya Birla weaved in
the chance of 'reasonable business', which rose above check book great aim. In his view, it
was hasty to continue giving ceaselessly. Or then again perhaps, he felt that channelizing
assets for guarantee that individuals have the coarseness to make a few bucks would be
continuously gainful. He would state, "Give an excited man fish for a day, he will eat it and
the following day, he would be anxious once more. Or on the other hand perhaps in the event
that you disclosed to him the most ideal approach to edge, he would have the decision to
manage himself and his family for a lifetime."
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Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla oversaw triple fundamental concern commitment tended to by
cash related achievement, regular duty and social commitment. In a broad manner along these
lines, the interests of the critical number of assistants have been done into our Group's surface.
The impression of our social work today straddles more than 3,700 towns, arriving at in
excess of 7 million individuals every year. Our social request work is a technique for telling
the individuals among whom we work that We Care.
Our system
Our assignments are done under the aegis of the "Aditya Birla Center for Community
Initiatives and Rural Development", drove by Mrs. Rajashree Birla. The Center gives the
basic course, and the push zones for our work guaranteeing execution the board as well.
Our highlight is on the inside and out progress of the frameworks around our plants
discovered by and large in far away basic areas and ancestral belts. All our Group affiliations
— - Grasim, Hindalco, Aditya Birla Nuvo, Indo Gulf and UltraTech have Rural Development
Cells which are the execution bodies.
Tasks are organized after a participatory need evaluation of the frameworks around the plants.
Each try has a one-year and a three-year moving game-plan, with achievements and
quantifiable targets. The goal is to discard our quality over some obscure time length and
hand over the reins of further improvement to the individuals. This in addition em
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CHAPTER-IV
DATA ANALYSIS
24
TABLE 1
a. RETURN ON ASSETS
In this case profits are related to assets as follows
TABLE2
b). RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED
Here return is compared to the total capital employed. A comparison of this ratio with that
of other units in the industry will indicate how efficiently the funds of the business have
been employed. The higher the ratio the more efficient is the use of capital employed.
25
YEAR 2014-2015
Performance of company (Amount in Rs. CR’S)
YEAR 2015-2016
PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY (AMOUNT IN RS.’ CR’S)
26
YEAR 2016-2017
PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY (AMOUNT IN RS.’ CR’S S)
The Cement Industry has a successful year because of Govt. policies such as
infrastructure expansion a Rural housing. There has been a small reduction in Gross Sales
and with the performance of prefab Division the Gross Profit gap has narrowed and
contributing to the EBIT. The Gross Profit has increased considerably from 6575.40 crs in
Last year to 5636.12 crs in Current year. The interest payment has increased by 423 crs in the
Current year and the Profit before Tax at 1461.46 crs when compared to 1607.01 crs in Last
year. The Net profit also increased from 977.02 in Last year in Current year.
The Director has recommended a 7.5% Dividend and in Last year it was at 5%.
YEAR 2017-2018
PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY (AMOUNT IN RS. CR’S)
27
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2017-2018
In 2016-10 the company has performed well in all decisions because of high demand
and realizations. The Gross Profit Increased considerably and the interest payments have
Increased at about 7189.43 because of loans taken from the bank at a lesser rate of interest
and payment of loan funds for which the company is paying higher rate of interest. In the
previous year, the cash credit granted by UCO bank to the tune of Rs.5585.29 crs and losing
of loan funds borrowed from Vijaya Bank and Canara Bank factors, which can tribute to
increase in the Profit before Tax to the tune of Rs.1688.18 crs the company declared a
dividend of 10% on its equity to its shareholders when compared to 7.5% in the previous year.
The EPS of the company also increased considerably which investors in coming period. The
friendship has taken up a plant expansion program during the year to increase the production
activity and to meet the increase in the demand
YEAR 2018-2019
PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY (AMOUNT IN RS.CR’S)
group is operating in 3 segments, out of which cement contributes about 55% of turnover
while the Boards and prefab segments contribute about 45%. Huge investment in the
industrial sector over the next 3 years is expected to lead to higher cement off –take on the
back of strong GDP growth across the country. It is expected that the domestic cement
consumption would grow at a CAGR of 8% for the next 5 ears. By FY 2019 the domestic
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consumption is expected to grow to 199 million Tons from 146 million Tons consumption
FY2018. During the year 2018-19your company’s Gross sales increased.
Net sales increased by about 39% to Rs.1504.23 crs from Rs.1093.24 crs in FY 2018-19.
Improved sales from all the tree divisions particularly from prefab division contributed for
increased turnover
EBIT LEVELS
The higher the quotient, the greater the leverage. In Ultra Tech Industries case it is
increasing because of decrease in EBIT levels to 2018-2019.
The EBIT level is in a decreasing trend because of drastic decline in prices in Cement
Industry during above period.
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CHART 3
INTERPRETATION
The EBIT level in 2014 is at 1186.19 crs and is decreasing every year till 2015. Because of
slump in the Cement Industry less realization. The EBIT levels in 2016 again started
mounting and reached to 1607.01 crs and in 2018 were at 1688.56 crs and in 2019 were at
861.18, because of the sale price increase per bag and increase in demand. The infrastructure
program taken up by the A.P. Govt. in the field s of rural housing irrigation projects created
demand and whole CementIndustries are making profits
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PERFORMANCE
TABLE 4: EPS ANALYSIS
Particulars 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Profit After Tax 962.85 1982.77 2575.15 3531.64 4143.60
Less: Preference
Dividend - - - - -
Amount of Equity share
holder 1963.78 2696.99 3602.10 4608.65 10666.04
No. OF equity share of
Rs.10/- each 18234825 18234825 18234825 18234825 18234825
EPS 1.69 0.64 0.79 1.55 2.1
CHART 4
EPS LEVELS
2.5
EPS1.5
0.5
0
2014 2006
2015 2007 2016 2008 20172009 2010
2018
YEARS
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INTERPRETATION
The PAT is in an increasing trend from 2015-2016 because of increase in sale prices and also
decreases in the cost of manufacturing. In 2018 and 2019 even the cost of manufacturing has
increased by 5% because of higher sales volume PAT has increased considerably, which leads
to higher EPS, which is at 2.1 in 2019
EBIT – EPS CHART
One convenient and useful way showing the relationship between EBIT and
EPS for the alternative financial plans is to prepare the EBIT-EPS chart. The chart is easy to
prepare since for any given level of financial leverage, EPS is linearly related to EBIT. As
noted earlier, the formula for calculating EPS is
Under the assumption made, the first part of is a constant and can be represented by an EBIT
is a random variable since it can assume a value more or less than expected. The term (1 –
T)/N are also a constant and can be shown as b. Thus, the EPS, formula can be written as:
EPS = a + EBIT
Clearly indicates that EPS is a linear function of EBIT.
FINANCING DECISION
Financing policy forms a key element for the smooth running of any organization
where flow, as a rare commodity, has to be obtained at the optimum cost and put into the
wheels of business at the right time and if not, it would lead intensely to the shutdown of the
business.
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Financing strategies basically consists of the following components:
• Mobilization
• Costing
• Timing/Availability
• Business interests
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CHART 5
THE FORMS OF FUNDS MOBILIZATION IS ILLUSTRATED BY A
CHART:
34
ULTRATECH CEMENT LTD INDUSTRIES LTD. THE
FUNDING MIX
TABLE 5:
INTERPRETATION
The shareholder fund is at 3125.8 constitutes 44.67% in total C.E and loan funds constitute
55.33% in 2012-14. The Funding Mix on an average for 6 years will be 45% of shareholders
Fund and 55% of Loan Funds there by the company is trying to maintain a good Funding
Mix. The leverage or trading on equity is also good because the company affectively utilizing
the Loan Funds in the Capital Structure. So that it leads to higher profit increase of EPS in
2016 at 0.79 to 2018 1.55
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TERM LOANS
2014-15
TABLE 6
CASH CREDIT
Global Trust Bank 638.21
Vijaya Bank 56.57
694.78
1,372.53
UNSECURED LOANS
Deposits from public 602.16
Lease /Hire purchases 4.64
IFST Loan from Govt. of AP 0.00
Deferred sales tax loan 0.00
Deposits from stockiest &
1930.39
others
Inter corporate deposits 50.00
Others 201.04
TOTAL 2588.22
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TERM LOANS
2015-2016
TABLE 7
CASH CREDIT
Global Trust Bank 583.41
Vijaya Bank 65.16
648.56
1,414.19
UNSECURED LOANS
Deposits from public 600.54
Lease /Hire purchases 21.25
Canara Bank factors ltd. 100.09
Deferred sales tax loan 0.00
Deposits from stockiest & others 1,239.02
Inter corporate deposits 0.00
Others 201.04
TOTAL 2181.94
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TERM LOANS
2016-2017
TABLE 8
CASH CREDIT
Global Trust Bank 627.10
Vijaya Bank 194.12
Canara Bank Factors 168.98 960.20
1187.20
UNSECURED LOANS
Deposits from public 592.31
Deposits from stockiest & others 1800.68
Lease/Hire purchase 10.30
Others 201.04
TOTAL 3571.53
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TERM LOANS
2017-2018
TABLE 9
CASH CREDIT
Oriental Bank of Commerce 410.16
UCO Bank 594.34
Canara Bank Factors 0.00 1004.49
1187.20
UNSECURED LOANS
Deposits from public 399.69
Deposits from stockiest & others 1053.83
Lease/Hire purchase 57.39
Others 201.04
TOTAL 3495.64
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TERM LOANS
2018-2019
TABLE 10
CASH CREDIT
Oriental Bank of Commerce 561.32
UCO Bank 306.54
Canara Bank Factors 403.46
UTI Bank Ltd 211.82 1583.15
4016.28
UNSECURED LOANS
Interest free from sales tax
182.40
deferment loan
Deposits from public 618.87
Deposits from stockiest & others 919.26
Lease/Hire purchase 54.25
Others 201.29
TOTAL 5969.35
40
CHART 6
TERMS LOANS
7,000.00
6,000.00
5,000.00
Rs. IN LAKHS
4,000.00
3,000.00
2,000.00
1,000.00
0.00
2015 2016 2017
2007 2008 200920182010 2019
2011
YEARS
INTERPRETATION
The Non-convertible debentures are being redeemed from 2013 and 2014 financial year
onwards and were completely repaid by 2018-2019. The cash credit assistance was provided
by Global Trust Bank and Vijaya Bank to the tune of Rs.696 lacs and Canara bank factors to
the tune Rs.168 lacs was completely repaid by taking cash credit facility from Oriental Bank
of Commerce and UCO Bank to the tune of Rs.1000 lacs. The company is paying of deposits
from public every year.
Deposits from public were stood at 727.76 lacs in 2013-2015 and in 2018-2019 it
came down to 399.69 lacs. The IRIDA has granted Rs.255 lacs term loan for installation of
energy saving equipment and the loan was again increased to 779.19 lacs in 2018-2019.
41
YEAR 2014-15
42
Financial leverage results from the presence of fixed financial charges in the
firm income stream. These fixed charges don’t vary with EBIT availability post payment
balances belong to equity holders.
Financial leverage is concerned with the effect of charges in the EBIT on the
earnings available to shareholders.
YEAR 2016-2017
Position of Mobilization and Development of funds
(Amount in RS. crs)
43
Application of funds
Net fixed assets 5201.05 Investments 1869.55
Net current assets 193.30 Misc. Expenditure ---
Accumulated losses Nil
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE
INTRODUCTION:
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Financial leverage is related to the financing activities of a firm. The sources from which
funds can be raised by a firm, from the viewpoint of the cost can be categorized into:
The sources of funds in the first category consists of various types of long
term debt including loans, bonds, debentures, preference share etc., these long-term debts
carry a fixed rate of interest which is a contractual obligation for the company except in the
case of preference shares. The equity holders are entitled to the remainder of operating
profits if any.
Financial leverage results from presence of fixed financial charges in eh firm’s income
stream. These fixed charges don’t vary with EBIT or operating profits. They have to be paid
regardless of EBIT availability. Past payment balances belong to equity holders.
Financial leverage is concerned with the effect of changes I the EBIT on the
earnings available to shareholders.
DEFINITION:
Financial leverage is the ability of the firm to use fixed financial charges to
magnify the effects of changes in EBIT on EPS i.e., financial leverage involves the use of
funds obtained at fixed cost in the hope of increasing the return to shareholder.
The favorable leverage occurs when the Firm earns more on the assets
purchase with the funds than the fixed costs of their use. The adverse business conditions,
this fixed charge could be a burden and pulled down the companies wealth
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earnings after interest and taxes belong to them. The rate of equity dividend is not fixed and
depends on the dividend policy of a company.
The use of the fixed charges, sources of funds such as debt and preference
capital along with owners’ equity in the capital structure, is described as “financial leverages”
or “gearing” or “trading” or “equity”. The use of a term trading on equity is derived from the
fact that it is the owners equity that is used as a basis to raise debt, that is, the equity that is
traded upon the supplier of the debt has limited participation in the companies profit and
therefore, he will insists on protection in earnings and protection in values represented by
owners equity’s
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5.1 FINDINGS
1. There has been a touch of diminishing in Gross Sales and with the showing of prefab
Division, the Gross Profit opening has constrained and added to the EBIT. The Gross Profit
has extended essentially from 520.99 Cr in Last year to 641.80 Cr in the year. The interest
partition has loosened up by 51 Cr in the current year and the Profit before Tax at 520.99
when stood separated from 641.80 cr in Last year.
2. Perform Division confirmation has loosened up by 8% even the Turnover has come
to 641.80 Cr From 400.09 Cr in a year back.
3. The piece of elbowroom After Tax has come to 314.92 Cr to 215.82Cr in Current
year pondering evaluation in Cement Industry.
4. The PAT is in a creating model from 2015-2016 because of development in bargain
costs what's more diminishes in the cost of social affairs. In 2018 and 2019even the cost of
get-together has connected by 5% considering higher approaches volume PAT has widened
broadly, which prompts higher EPS, which is at 83.80 in 2018.
5. The EBIT level in 2014 is at 1186.19 Cr and is building up every year till 2018.
Considering Less authentication in the Cement Industry. The EBIT levels in 2018 again
started making and came to 1688.18 Cr and in 2018 were at 1688.18Cr and in 2019 were at
1986.19, considering the arrangement cost increase per sack and extension looked for after.
The establishment program took up by the A.P. Govt. in the field s of commonplace
housing water structure encounters made deals and whole Cement Industries are making
benefits.
6. The EPS of the association additionally extended broadly which budgetary experts
in the coming period. The alliance has taken up a plant movement program during the year
to manufacture the creation development and to meet the enlargement in the intrigue
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5.2 SUGGESTIONS:
1. The organization needs to keep up the ideal capital structure and influence so that in coming
years it can add to the abundance of the investors.
2. The mining reliability agreements ought to be amended with the goal that it will diminish
the direct in the creation
3. The organization needs to practice authority over its outside buys and overheads which
have impact on the gainfulness of the organization.
4. As the loan costs in pubic Financial foundations are in a diminishing pattern after
globalization the organization continuing scanning for advance assets at a less pace of
enthusiasm as on account of UCO Bank.
5. Effectiveness and competency in dealing with the undertakings of the organization ought
to be kept up.
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5.3 LIMITATION OF EPS AS A FINANCING-DECISION
CRITERION
1.EPS is one of the generally extensively used extents of the association's introduction
eventually.
2.As a delayed consequence of this, in picking among commitment and worth for all intents
and purposes, now and again an exorbitant measure of thought is paid on EPS, which in any
case, has real limitations as a financing-decision worldview.
3.The noteworthy lack of the EPS as a financing-decision premise is that it doesn't consider
peril; it dismisses variability about the typical estimation of EPS.
4. The conviction that money related pros would be just stressed over the typical EPS isn't all
around set up.
5. Money related pros in regarding the bits of the association consider both foreseen worth
and vacillation.
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5.4 CONCLUSION
Debentures were to some degree recouped with the help of debenture recuperation spare and
other references.The PAT (Profit After Tax) in 2018-2019 is at 340.78. The PAT has
extended in costs in whole Cement industry during the above period. The advantage has
extended for all intents and purposes 16% during the period 2016-2018.Debentures were
recouped by moves to D.R.R. in 2016-2018.A predictable trade for benefit during 2015-
2016 from P&L arrangement anyway in 2015 there is no palatable benefit esteem
Shareholders.The share capital of the association remained in charge during the three-year
time period by virtue of no open issues made by the company.The ensured about advances
have reduced dependably from 2015-2018 and slight addition in 2019.
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5.5 RECOMMENDATIONS ON CEMENT INDUSTRY
For the movement of the strong business 'Working Group on strong Industry' was
developed by the engineering commission for the importance of Five Year Plan. The
working Group has predicted a progression pace of 10% for the strong business during
the blueprint timeframe and has anticipated production of extra limitation of 40-62
million tones in a general sense through extension of existing plants. The working Group
has seen after pushed districts for improving eagerness for concrete;
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS REFERED:
Diaries
The diary of money
International diary of store and game-plan assessment
Journal of store direction.
NEWS PAPERS
Financial Express(December 2018)
Economic Times (December 2018)
Goals
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.ultratech.com
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