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    5a. Mekanisme Imunitas Seluler Dan Humoral

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    Galuh Apsari Syafran
    Cellular immunity involves T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. There are two main types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells that eliminate intracellular pathogens and cancer cells, and helper T cells that secrete cytokines activating other immune cells. MHC molecules come in three classes - Class I expressed on all cells presents intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells, Class II on antigen-presenting cells presents extracellular antigens to helper T cells, and Class III molecules are involved in the complement system.

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    5a. Mekanisme Imunitas Seluler Dan Humoral

    Uploaded by

    Galuh Apsari Syafran
    152 views32 pages
    Cellular immunity involves T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. There are two main types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells that eliminate intracellular pathogens and cancer cells, and helper T cells that secrete cytokines activating other immune cells. MHC molecules come in three classes - Class I expressed on all cells presents intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells, Class II on antigen-presenting cells presents extracellular antigens to helper T cells, and Class III molecules are involved in the complement system.

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    Cellular immunity involves T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. There are two main types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells that eliminate intracellular pathogens and cancer cells, and helper T cells that secrete cytokines activating other immune cells. MHC molecules come in three classes - Class I expressed on all cells presents intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells, Class II on antigen-presenting cells presents extracellular antigens to helper T cells, and Class III molecules are involved in the complement system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    152 views32 pages

    5a. Mekanisme Imunitas Seluler Dan Humoral

    Uploaded by

    Galuh Apsari Syafran
    Cellular immunity involves T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. There are two main types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells that eliminate intracellular pathogens and cancer cells, and helper T cells that secrete cytokines activating other immune cells. MHC molecules come in three classes - Class I expressed on all cells presents intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells, Class II on antigen-presenting cells presents extracellular antigens to helper T cells, and Class III molecules are involved in the complement system.

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    of 32

    MEKANISME IMUNITAS

    SELULER DAN HUMORAL

    a. Mekanisme Imunitas Seluler


    b. Mekanisme Imunitas Humoral
    Imunitas Humoral
    Antibody-mediated Immunity
     Response of B cells
     Secrete antibodies which circulate in
    lymphatic fluid and blood
    • Activation:
     Antigen binds to B-cell receptor
     antigen-MHC complex-Recognized by helper T cells
     T cells produce interleukins that activate B cells
    • Differentiation:
    B cells differentiate into plasma cells & memory
    cells
    Plasma cells release antibodies
    Activation & Differentiation of B Cells
     Antibody-secreting plasma cells
     Secrete antibodies for 4 or 5 days
     Cells die

     Some remain as memory B cells


     Each particular clone able to secrete only one
    type of antibody
    Antibodies / Immunoglobins
    Bivalent

    Variable regions
    differ in the a.a.
    sequences at the
    antigen-binding
    site & are
    responsible for
    Fc
    the diversity of
    Ab specificity
    7
    Antibody / Immumoglobulin
    • Product of B cell (plasma cell) activation
    – Immunoglobulin (Ig) or antibody
    • Structure
    – Four polypeptides
    – Connected by disulfide bonds
    – Antigen binding fragment (Fabs)
    – Crystallizable fragment (Fc)
    Fab
     Variable (N-terminal of the heavy and
    light chains)
     Binds to the antigenic determinant
     Held together by disulfide bonds

    9
    Fc
     Constant (C-terminal of heavy chain)
     Binds to macrophages
     Anchors Ig to lymphocyte
     Held together by disulfide bonds
     Responsible for class identification

    10
    Classes
     Isotypes – based on the Fc fragment
     Immunoglobulin (Ig)
     IgG
     IgA
     IgM
     IgD
     IgE

    11
    Ig G
     Monomer, komponen utama Ig dalam serum
     Lokasi : pd darah, CSS, kel limfe, intestinal
     Fungsi :
     meningkatkan fagositosis (Ig G & komplemen
    saling membantu sebagai opsonin, Sel fagosit
    memiliki reseptor utk Fc dr IgG),
     menetralkan toksin bakteri & virus,
     melindungi janin (dpt menembus plasenta) &
    bayi baru lahir

    12
    Ig M
     Pentamer, diikat dg rantai J (joining chain)
     Lokasi : darah, kel limfe, permukaan sel B
     Merupakan Ig yg predominan diproduksi oleh
    janin
     Fungsi : Aglutinasi antigen, diproduksi sbg
    respon thd infeksi pertama

    13
    IgA
     Dimer , diikat dg rantai J (joining chain)
     Lokasi : darah, kel limfe, sekresi saliva, air
    mata, ASI, cairan sekresi saluran nafas, cerna
    & urogenital (Ig A secretory)
     Fungsi :
     proteksi infeksi pd permukaan mukosa (local
    imunity)

    14
    Ig D
     Monomer
     Ditemukan dalam serum dg kadar yg sangat
    rendah
     Lokasi : permukaan sel B, darah, kel limfe
     Fungsi : terdapat pd permukaan sel B untuk
    inisiasi respon imun

    15
    Ig E
     Monomer,
     Lokasi : darah, terikat pd sel mastosit &
    basofil (Fc portion binds to mast cells and
    basophils  release chemical mediators that
    aid inflammation)
     Fungsi : reaksi alergi, dpt melisiskan parasit &
    cacing

    16
    Different Immunoglobulins
    18
    Cellular Immunity
    Cell-mediated
    Immunity
    Cell-mediated Immunity
     Activation of T cells by specific antigen
     Eliminate intracellular pathogens and cancer
    cells
     First signal
     TCRs – T cell receptors(CD4 and CD8
    proteins) recognize antigen –MHC complexes
     Second signal- costimulation
    cytokins- Interlukins -2 –produced by helper T
    cells
    The two signal model for lymphocyte activation
    (antigen alone is insufficient)

    Antigen+MHC TCR
    TH2 activation,
    for example
    B cell
    activation,
    for example

    Memory B cell
    (Mature dendritic cell) (Mature naive T cell) (Armed effector T cell)

    Proliferation and differentiation of the Proliferation and differentiation of the


    T cell to acquire effector function B cell to acquire effector function

    Signal 1 comes from recognition of antigen


    Signal 2 comes from another (activated) cells
    Cell-mediated Immunity - T cells
     Functions: most effective against
    intracellular microorganisms: viruses, fungi,
    intracellular bacteria, parasites
     Types :
     Cytotoxic T cells:
     Helper T cells
     Memory T cells
    Cytotoxic T cells
     CD8
     Release cytotoxic
    substances
     Granzymes –cell apoptosis
     Perforins –cytolysis
     Lymphotoxins- destroys
    DNA of the target cell
     Recognize foreign antigen-
    MHC complex on:
     Virus infected cells
     Tissue transplant cells
     Cancer/ tumor cells
    Helper-T cells
     Called CD4
     Secrete
     cytokines
     Interlukin-2
    activates T cells , B
    cells NK cells
     Tumor necrosis
    factor (TNF)-
    inflammation
     Positive feedback
    loop
    Table 21.4
    MHC (Mayor Histocompatibility
    Complex)
     Sel2 dalam sistem imun (non spesifik/spesifik)
    memiliki reseptor yg dikhususkan utk menge-
    nal spesifitas  hanya molekul yg memiliki
    epitop yg akan dikenal oleh sel imun
     Sel B (respom imun humoral) dapat mengenal
    epitop pd molekul yg utuh
     Sel T (respom imun seluler) mengenal epitop
    pd fragmen antigen yg diikat oleh molekul pd
    permukaan APC (Antigen Presenting Cell) yg
    disebut MHC
    MHC/HLA
     MHC adalah molekul peptida yg terdapat pd
    permukaan sel dan dikendalikan oleh gen MHC
    yg mempunyai sifat polimorfik dan memiliki
    fungsi utama memproses dan mempresentasi
    kan antigen kpd sel imunokompeten yaitu sel T
    helper
     Pd manusia MHC disebut juga HLA (Human
    Leukocyte Antigen)
     Sehingga prinsip mekanisme respon imun seluler
    adalah antigen perlu diproses lebih dahulu oleh
    APC  Hal ini disebabkan karena sel T (yg
    merupakan regulator dari respon imun) hanya
    mengenal antigen melalui molekul MHC
     MHC dibagi mjd :
    1. MHC class I
    2. MHC class II
    3. MHC class III
    MHC Class I
     diekspresikan oleh semua sel tubuh (kecuali
    sel yg tdk bernukleus)
     MHC class I berikatan ke fragmen peptida
    asing yg disintesa di dalam sel
     MHC ini akan menampilkan fragmen antigen
    akan dikenali oleh sel Tc
    MHC klas II
     Sel yg memiliki permukaan molekul MHC klas
    II & berfungsi sbg APC adalah : Sel dendritik,
    Makrofag, Sel B
     Dalam sel2 tsb MHC akan berikatan ke frag-
    men antigen yg berasal dr material asing yg
    telah mengalami fagositosis dan ditampilkan
    utk dikenali oleh sel Th
    MHC Class III
     Bukan sebagai molekul penyaji tetapi berfung-
    si dalam sistem komplemen

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