DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA Eco Project 123
DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA Eco Project 123
DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA Eco Project 123
DECLERATION
I Gaurav Vatwani , hereby declare that, this project report entitled ‘Digital
Banking System in India: Prospects and Challenges’ submitted to
Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur is record of an original
work done by me under the guidance of, Faculty Economics Department,
HNLU , Raipur and that no part of this work has been plagiarized without
citations.
Gaurav vatwani
Semester 1st
B.A.L.L.B.(Hons.)
Section - A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, Gaurav vatwani, humbly present this project to. I would like to thank
God, my Parents, who supported me throughout to complete this project
with success. I would like to thank Dr. Eritriya roy my economics teacher
for her valuable guidance and support which has helped me to complete
this project. It would not have been possible for me to frame this paper
without her support.
Thanking you,
Gaurav vatwani
B.A.L.L.B. (Hons.)
Semester-1st
Section “A”
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………1 – 2
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY…………………………………. 3
RESEARCH METHODOLGY……………………………. 3
SCOPE OF STUDY ………………………………………. 3
LIMITITATION OF STUDY …………………………….. 3
CHAPTERISATION ……………………………………... 4 – 14
CHAPTER 1: DIGITAL BANKING ITS EVOLUTION AND ITS
IMPORTANCE…………………………………………… 5 – 7
INNOVATIONS IN DIGITAL BANKING……………… 7 – 11
OPPORTUNITIES AND ADVANTAGES IN DIGITAL BANKING
SYSTEM OF INDIA …………………………………….. 11 – 13
CHALLENGES IN DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA…13 – 14
CONCLUSION ………………………………………….. 15 – 16
REFERENCES …………………………………………... 16
INTRODUCTION
In 1991, e-banking was however initiated in India, including liberalization and globalization
in the process. Whether created or developing, the banking sector has been the backbone of
any economy. It complements and enhances transitions in the economy. Any change in this
activity by the receipt of development would have a significant effect on the growth of an
economy. Banks already are finding new and different ways to include and contrast between
their different facilities. Both retail and corporate clients are no longer expected to wait for
basic banking services in banks or to stand by on the internet. They need or expect an office
to perform their banking operations wherever and almost anywhere. Plastic cash (credit cards,
debit cards and smart cards); online banking, including electronic payment systems, online
savings, online trading portfolios, transferring electronic reserves and clearing services,
branch networking; telephone banking; smartphone apps and wallets and the on-going items
and services going about as the drivers to the development of banking area.
Not only are banks part of our lives, though they have a crucial function in our everyday
lives. In order to improve consumer loyalty, banks often aim to incorporate the new
technology. For the financial sector, digitalization is not a choice, but instead unavoidable.
The talking point in India is building a cashless society every day. The effective introduction
of demonetization is contributing to digital transactions being implemented in the country.
The method of transmitting data into a digital format is digitalization. Digitalization means
technology acceptance. 25 billion digital transactions across various facilities are the primary
goal of the Government of India. Banking digitalization includes Single Payment Interface
(UPI), Aadhar Pay, Debit Cards and Immediate Payment Processing channels such as
(IMPS).
Advanced banking is being used by banks as a collection between numerous current and new
technologies. We end up in a computerized wonderland in the current scenario, for which
milkman accepts wallet payment without a protest, a person takes a calculation worth around
Rs.100 using only a charge card and the vegetable distributor uses the utility "Output and
Pay" based QR code. The newly invented advanced technology and unique ways of thought
have created separate social metrics and organizations. Make in India and Digital India is
now the common terms for our nation's brilliant and manageable modern and monetary
growth.
Digital banking provides solutions to bankers for their short term and long term business and
technological requirements. In the present scenario, factors like enhancing of customer
satisfaction, unified customer experiences, faster output, infinite banking volumes, financial
inclusion, operational efficiencies, scale of economy etc. are being sought by leveraging
digital banking technologies. The digital India is the Indian government’s flagship
programme with a vision to convert India into a digitally empowered country. Faceless,
paperless, cashless is requirement of India government. Registration, Invoicing, Payment
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selection, Payment confirmation are the important phases of digital payment system. This
generally includes three electronic payment instruments like, cash, cheque and card.
Banking, as well, can turn into a frictionless encounter. With the correct authority and
administrative help, a totally electronic banking experience of 'Anybank, Anywhere,
Anytime' isn't far off. Digital banking is still upgrading for people’s own convenience and
new ideas are coming up for its convenient use. It also has challenges that has to be addressed
as soon as possible and opportunities to grab.
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OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The structure of the project, as instructed by the faculty of economics has been adhered to
and the same has been helpful in the project a fine finish off.
SCOPE OF STUDY
The project report accounts for whole India and not to a specific region. Study covers whole
India’s Digital banking system, and it is applicable to whole India.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
As the world in present scenario is affected from the pandemic and due to lockdown, it is not
possible to gather current data from the ground. As the project implies secondary data,
availability of proper data comes as constraint for study.
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CHAPTERISATION
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CHAPTER – 1: DIGITAL BANKING: ITS EVOLUTION AND
IMPORTANCE
(A) EVOLUTION
The need for computerization was felt in the Indian banking sector in late 1980s, in
order to improve the customer service, book-keeping and MIS reporting. In 1988,
Reserve Bank of India set up a Committee on computerization in banks headed by Dr.
C. Rangarajan. The cycle of computerization got pace with the change in the Indian
economy in 1991-92. One of the essential drivers of this change was driven by the
creating passages of private and outside banks in the Banking business. Digital
banking was first introduced in Finland. In India, ICICI bank was the first bank that
initiated E-banking as early as 1997 under the brand name “Infinity”. The customary
banking framework in India has been the branch banking. The magnetic ink character
recognition (MICR) based check processing was presented during the period 1986-88.
The last part of the eighties denoted the rise of computerisation of banks branches
with the presentation of ledger - posting machines(LPMs), advanced ledger posting
machines(ALPMs), trailed by network based frameworks and the most recent center
1
Daniel, E. (1999). Provision of electronic banking in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. International Journal
of Bank Marketing, 17(2), 72-82.
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banking arrangements. Computerisation of Government industry from the last part of
the nineties thusly encouraged the computerization of all banks‟ branches handling
Government business. The Institute for Development and Research in Banking
Technology (IDRBT) was set up in mid- nineties at Hyderabad as a middle for
exploration and innovation in the banking area. The Indian financial system was
dispatched as a convenient client bunch based organization in 1991 with best in class
wellbeing and security, for the utilization of the banking sector only. IDRBT initiated
its Certification Authority (CA) capacities for guaranteeing the essential lawful
security for the electronic banking exchanges under the Information Technology Act,
2000. The ongoing Digital India program was started in 2017, with the goal to give
rapid web, mobile and bank accounts, to empower interest in computerized and
financial space at singular level.
(B) IMPORTANCE
In the past 30 years, banking has come up with many new innovations, and digital
banking has seen a tremendous growth, and the rationale for doing so is intelligence
and technological innovation. Such changes altered the entire banking working
system and brought about a progressive revolution in fiscal reporting that was
accomplished by the convergence of conventional retail financial administrations with
the net. E-banking offers or includes basic infrastructure too and allows secure
transfers through the platform or the mobile. E-banking offers both businesses and
their customers with beneficial therapeutic conditions:
(1) It clears spatial obstructions for small and medium-sized banks, eliminating
unbounded pathways for global activity along these sides.
(2) There seems to be no time limit, i.e. banking exchanges can be held out after the
rest of a day, week and somewhere where they can enter the network.
(3) For interest enhancement, it has successful accounting systems.
(4) It brings convenience with respect to the money, production hours and all the
services taken to build an exchange.
(5) It has enables banks to expand the range of knowledge, data processing and
monetary design that already have increased the ability of potential banks to assess
the bank performance of planned borrowers and to weigh the pros and cons associated
with borrowers by comprehensive measures, such as debt management.
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(6) At an early stage, which involves the availability of resources, such as access to
records, the processing of funds and the online purchasing of financial goods or
services.This is called “transactional” online banking.2
Presentation of development in financial area brought forth new item plan, different strategies
for doing on the web monetary transanction and distinctive electronic frameworks. All this
suggested most famous name to the present financial set of rules which is Innovative
banking. Innovation banking seriously gives stress on customer convenience and customer
needs. The primary explanation for acquiring advancement current financial framework was
to give client better administrations with assistance of innovation and in this race of
innovation improvement internet filled in as the establishment stone for advancement
banking. Drastic changes were clearly visible after the launching of internet in e-banking for
ex- astonishing rate of efficiency, full responsibility in controlling the operations, reductions
in cost and reason for that is finding alternative for paper based and labour methods by
shifting to machines and computers that resulted in higher productivity and profits.
Development was required because various difficulties was seen in the working of
conventional banking working and the concept of e-banking was launched it helped in
overcoming the difficulties and the lacking, this changed the working of banking. Following
is the list of various innovation that took place in E-Banking:
(A) AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE [ATM]
ATM a mechanized teller or programmed teller machine. In the broad sense, it is an
automated mechanized broadcast communications method that enables users to
complete monetary exchange including certain money deposits or money stores while
using their ATM cards and revealing the account number and can also be collected
without any banking office agent or teller's guide. Strictly speaking, it is convenient to
use self-service solutions
(B) TELE BANKING
Tele banking is the second version of creation of e-banking although this
administration encourages the client of the bank to execute a variety of electronic
2
Sathye, M. (1999). Adoption of internet banking by Australian consumers: an empirical investigation.
International Journal of Bank Marketing, 17 (7), 324-34.
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exchange by smartphone and for that you don’t have to attend any bank office or
automated teller machine. In comparison to the circumstances of telephone banking,
which is no longer available than branch timing and even a portion of monetary
establishments give their users 24-hour usage.
(C) ELECTRONIC COMPENSATION SERVICE: The Electronic Compensation
Program is a framework for retail installments is generally used for generating
relative mass installments/receipts and where there is an actual installment is of a
severe nature and usually minor in total.
(D) NATIONAL ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER(NEFT)
National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is a nation-wide payment and which is
very famous for its use is a mechanism that facilitates the transfer of balanced
amount. Under this system, individuals can move amount electronically from any
bank office to any person who has a bank account with any other bank premises in the
nation that has an interest in the scheme. Using NEFT, individuals, companies or
companies maintaining bank accounts with a bank office can pass subsidies.
Evidently, all those people who do not have a bank account (walk-in clients)
With instructions to pass subsidies using NEFT, it can also store money at NEFT-
empowered branches. But there is restriction of how much amount can be transferred
which can’t be exceeded more than 50,000. These clients must be fitted with complete
subtleties, like they should be provided with total location, telephone number, and so
on NEFT, thereby empowering originators or remitters to facilitate transfer exchanges
of subsidies and the most important,even without providing a bank account.
(E) REAL TIME GROSS SETTLEMENT
In the banks, the continuous settlement scheme offers automated advice on moving
money from their current bank to another bank account. The RBI manages and
regulates the RTGS system and provides professional and snappier methods for
exchanging funds between banks that help its monetary errands. So that the
movement of funds between banks is performed constantly and there is no error as
the name implies.
(F) CREDIT AND DEBIT CARD
For example, this facility facilitates cashless shopping, allowing shoppers to
purchase goods without keeping cash. A credit card allows a user to get cash but
within a cut off limits, and the Credit Card Provider then take a certain charging
rate for the customer's purchasing of cash. Additionally, the debit card initially
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attached to the customer account and the cash spent was charged for each payment
from the customer bank account.
(G)IMMEDIATE PAYMENT SERVICE (IMPS)
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) it is a sustained transition between India's bank
electronic funds transfer scheme. IMPS offers electronic fund transfer management
between banks through devices. The administration is open for everyone during the
year, including bank times, in addition to NEFT and RTGS. The National Payments
Company of India (NPCI) regulates it and is built on the existing organisation of the
National Financial framework organization.
(H) MOBILE BANKING
Through mobile phones or other devices this banking service can be utilize by the use
anytime and anyplace without waiting for any help from the banks CRM. Mobile
banking was thought to be used with Short Message Service (SMS) for favorable
banking services in the previous long stretches in its early years of introduction. It
has often been referred to as SMS Finance. In either case, the solution to technical
developments in electronic phones, such as PDAs and WAP tables compelled the
banks to have a more wide variety of financial services to accomplish their client's
expectations. Customers first need to download the application and can easily open
the bank app from the store of their device. With this device ID/username and
IPIN/Password, the clients will will have to fill out the details and then can enjoy the
banking facility.
(I) UNIFIED PAYMENTS INTERFACE (UPI)
This is the most helpful form of user interface dispatched on August 23, 2016 for
monetary commerce. Any user can utilize this service can transfer cash at any time
or any place where your device so that it the user does not face any difficulties . It
encourages numerous databases to be reached through a A few finance highlights
and the user will be given a single two tick confirmation (part of security
confirmation that is suggested by guidelines). (security standard that is endorsed by
guidelines). Also every bank has its own UPI for various platforms, such as
Android, iOS, Windows, etc.
(J) NATIONAL AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (NACH)
With a centralized mandate management software, NACH has the same
characteristics as ECS. NACH Payment Digitization Status 43 is still used for
rendering transfers related to government services, such as discounts, for example.
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NACH is operated by NPCI. ECS/NACH offers assistance with pre-affirmed bill
payment orders and standing directions. A special edition of NACH called e NACH
has been made and relying on a digital consumer mark (in light of e Sign with
Aadhaar). The RBI later affirmed the use of other e NACH validation methods,
including net banking and debit cards. Initially transanction size changed from
Rs.9000 to 23000, 5 years ago, But for NACH Rs 2700 changed to 4900. Hence the,
ECS volumes are declining steadily, and consumers are now shifting to current
services (for example, NACH).
(K) Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs) – Mobile Wallets and PPI Cards
These are payment instruments that facilitate the provision of services, including
financial services, currency exchange, and so on, even against value of those
instruments. There are 3 types of scheme, i.e. Closed scheme: are PPIs offered by
an individual to facilitate the purchase of products and services from that individual,
including entities, ownership firms, organizational firms, etc. (ii) Semi-closed: PPIs
This can be used for the purchase of products and services, including financial
products, at a meeting of unmistakably identified vendor regions of the country that
have a clear undertaking with the guarantor to approve the forms of payment; and
(iii) Open system: PPIs which is used for the purchasing of forms of payment
Goods and equipment, including business products such as wealth, travel to any
card handling trading company areas (retail venue hubs) and even warrant
withdrawal of money at ATMs/corporate correspondents.
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DIGITAL TRANSANCTION VOLUME
Digital banking has a range of benefits. Here are some principal aspects of electronic
banking:
Convenience: Digital banking is reachable to everyone who has a bank account holder. It
encourages individuals to use their username and concealed key to get to the bank website
quickly and specific task can be done even if the bank is closed. To enjoy using digital
banking one needs a device and internet so they can use it easily in no time.
Flexibility: It's flexible to use electronic banking. Digital banking offers several more 24 x 7
options, such as with ATM, mobile banking, debit cards, credit cards, person purchases, e-
wallet, etc.
Time Saving: This is the right venue for both of us so we can't waste a lot of time in long
lines. In our dynamic lives, time control is indeed the best test. Digital banking aims to help
us to press ahead with our financial services in no time at all.
Banking advantages: The clients for banks has grown with the improved connectivity of
anywhere, anyplace banking. Human design & development errors are mitigated. It has
created opportunities to sustain accounts. Each exchange is held computerized in innovative
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banking records. At any time and for any cause, it is able to be utilized to garner reports and
analyse results.
Lower Overheads: Banks' labor costs have been vastly significantly reduced by digital
banking. This crafted it cost effective, enabling for banks to charge lower transaction fees as
well as have higher market share for shops. More advantages would benefit from lower
labour costs.
The Development of New Technologies: In less than 10 years, the exponential improvement
of new technologies, the Internet, phones and smartphones, connected to evaluating new
players (working internet products and services) and new models, brings another dimension
to the changing banking jobs. Tech organisations and new entrants are increasingly
expanding their operations for financial services, building and contending reliably, or
cooperating again with banks and other financial centers in many areas of the financial
community in different areas of the stock markets or in operations that do not definitively
involve a banking warrant. This drives banks to re-evaluate the way they manage.
Online bill payments: Electronic banking facilitates bills to be required to pay online. Now
this is the method that saves your precious time. To pay their utility tabs or other forms of
payments, users do not have to have real cash to line up.
Environment friendly: Environmentally friendly: Electronic payment banks are now
delivering users the option of finding their login details online. This will surely save an
enormous amount of paper and mail waste to be used including transport.
Offers availability: banks provide us with various services from which a user can utilize it
and can receive benefit from it like there are tons of offers available on shopping and other
products, there are various loans and services that can make their day to day activities easy.
BENEFITS FOR BANKS: By acquiring fresher innovations, banks have improved in a few
different ways. E-banking has certainly contributed to lowered rates and has decided to
continue to increase taxes across multiple platforms. According to another latest numbers, the
cost of a bank exchange for payment system is expected to be in the sum of Rs 70 or so to Rs
75, and as such it is around Rs 15 to only Rs16 for ATM, Rs 2 or less for banking services
and Rs 1 or less for the electronic wallets. Their financial stability would be greatly
influenced by the option of banks to add more digital tools at all operating stages. The
conceptualization of the electronic cash economic system is not simply a cutting-edge fantasy
at this stage, it is however uncertain that real cash will ever be outmoded. Digital banking
blends the rewards of two alternate realities: another global user interface and a qualified,
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powerful operating value system within the innovative aspects, processes and frameworks, all
driven by digitization as well.
Digital banking has important uses, but it has a few barriers and challenges as well. The
future acceptance of digital banking has been affected by innovation challenges, IT practices,
some social concerns, security problems, business laziness and workplace imperatives. Some
of the struggles are mentioned as follows:
ACHIEVING APP PERFECTION: What's more, reassurance when getting to a mobile
application is an unprecedented tendency of strength. In nature, phones are constantly around
home, advancing to computerized control, for tasks, such as opening the device, on every
occasion. Taking this into account, it is critical to create business-related applications in order
to attract the customers. With progressively offering the relief and ease of finding costs at any
point from any place, banking and monetary applications affiliations that do not leverage this
jurisdiction will definitely pass up individual people who will deem the undertaking ancient.
Nevertheless, most software are still faced with glitches much of the time, posing real
performance challenges. They're also hard to analyze, every once in a while, and malfunction
a lot of that stuff. This would be unfavorable to the development of the organisation as it may
equate to lower capacity.
CYBER CRIME: The bulk of banking and monetary applications are indeed open to digital
threats. The answer is self-evident, what the corroborative goal is with currency. In their
efforts to extract saves, fraudulent activities were known to be revolutionary, such as vast
quantities in a release, or minuscule aggregates from a wide number of users, over a crucial
time period. If cash really isn't obvious, the possibility of data being undermined is efficiently
prevalent.
THE TRUST ISSUE: Through the vast majority of clients, trust remains the big obstacle to
digital banking. As a result of inadequate of confidence in online banking exchanges,
conventional banking is regularly used by users. They have a way of thinking that there is a
high possibility of myriad fakes and tricks in web-based banking exchanges. When the buyers
use online payment administrations, a doubt or concern persists consistently in their minds
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regarding the fruitful completion of that trade before they get moment of an affirmation
message about the transanction.
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CONCLUSION
Banking and monetary regulations have become reliably consistent with the law and have
taken current responsibilities seriously. In the advanced age, though, things are starting to
change. It is as pertinent that the banks remain as flexible, as their customers remain solely
for the benefit. No ifs and buts, clarity is the main asset behind organizing banking
administrations with growth. For a vast gathering of individuals, development had already
been typical, to the amount that it changes their lifestyle. At that point, it has become a key
for institutions to delineate themselves with one of a kind of commitments in the
computerized space. The new experts have made it so much easier to utilise the enterprises
and statistics they generate around their customers, brands and agencies to offer an especially
optimized customer service. Arguably, computerized information can be easily optimized. A
fresh concept of banking services is supplying starting to emerge inventions. Especially with
the advent of digitization, India's banking sector has witnessed some fantastic significant
changes as well as stumbling blocks. It is unbelievable to expect to re -establish a functional
exclusion mostly from expansion and administration of computer based banking when we
live in advanced times. All uses electronic business computers or smart phones, it can be used
easily to meet multiple highly specialised banking administrations. Either of the
administrations prescribed by innovative banking is open for anyone, anytime, anywhere. So
if folks need to have caring banking administrations, they believe pretty easy to use this
system. Individuals believe the use of such advanced banking is easier and more helpful than
conventional currenciesIn addition, the banking industry is becoming more and more
significant with that of the appearance of innovation and the digitized India database to obtain
effective consumer assistance, thus accomplishing the target of a digital banking. In addition,
marketisation of banking has started to change the worldview of money and paper-based
banking to electronic money, paper - free banking. Things considered, there are cyber
disadvantages to creativity that can be properly enforced by a very high - level security
system. There are many hurdles in the path of digitized banking: low web network rate,
inadequate knowledge. In this skillful programme, securing authoritative coherence for soft
and lengthy implementation is important. In the computerized era, the main process is to
ensure that all clients are adequately protected from online fraud but perhaps the most
absolutely fantastic cybernetic characteristics are used. The change to conventional method to
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digitalization and its consistence should help to minimize the company's costs, as this would
reduce work and implement more effective work.
REFERENCES
(1) 1 Daniel, E. (1999). Provision of electronic banking in the UK and the Republic of
Ireland. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 17(2), 72-82.
(2) 2 Sathye, M. (1999). Adoption of internet banking by Australian consumers: an
empirical investigation. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 17 (7), 324-34.
(3) Bhudhiraja, K. and Kaur, J., 2021. Electronic Banking In India: Innovations,
Challenges And Opportunities. [online] Ijert.org. Available at:
<https://www.ijert.org/research/electronic-banking-in-india-innovations-challenges-
and-opportunities-IJERTCONV5IS11011.pdf> [Accessed 15 January 2021].
(4) verma, m., 2018. A RISE OF DIGITAL BANKING IN INDIA- A CASE STUDY OF
HDFC BANK. [online] Research gate. Available at:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330383858_A_RISE_OF_DIGITAL_BA
NKING_IN_INDIA-_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_HDFC_BANK> [Accessed 15 January
2021].
(5) kataria, M., 2019. DIGITAL BANKING IN INDIA: RECENT TRENDS,
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. [online] Inspirajournals.com. Available
at: <https://www.inspirajournals.com/uploads/Issues/1093639504.pdf> [Accessed 15
January 2021].
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