Presented by:- Group D

 Biometrics is defined as the unique physical/logical characteristics or

traits of human body.

 Any details of the human body which differs from one human to
other will be used as unique biometric data to serve as that person's
unique identification ,

 such as: retinal, iris, fingerprint, palm print and DNA.

 Biometric systems will collect and store this data in order to use it for
verifying personal identity.

 The combination of biometric data systems and biometrics

recognition/ identification technologies creates the biometric
security systems.

 The biometric security system is a lock and capture mechanism to

control access to specific data.
 Governments, businesses and organizations can use
biometric systems to get more information about individuals
or about a populace as a whole.

 Many biometric systems are developed for security

applications.

 An airport scanning device, a "bio-password" system, or an

internal data gathering protocol is an example of a biometric
system that uses identifying data for a security result.
Biometrics can be sorted into two classes:

 Physiological
Examples: face, fingerprint, hand geometry and iris
recognition
 Behavioural
Examples: signature and voice
 Common:  Others:
 Fingerprint Recognition  DNA
 Face Recognition  Retina recognition
 Speaker Recognition  Thermo grams
 Iris Recognition  Gait
 Keystroke
 Hand Geometry
 Ear recognition
 Signature verification
 Skin reflection
 Lip motion
 Body odor
 Odors have been shown to
impact human performance
across a range of contexts.

 The focus of the current special

issue reflects incidental
industrial/environmental odor
exposure.

 If odor effects are secondary to

an odor-induced elevation in
mood, one might predict that
similar valance odors produce
qualitatively equivalent effects
on cognition and mood.
 Odor qualities have often been assessed by perception-based
ratings.

 Although they have been applied for more than 5 decades, these
psychological approaches have not yielded a comprehensive or
generally accepted classification system yet.
 By reviewed 28 perception-based classification
studies and found that their outcome has been
largely determined by 4 influencing factors:

1) inter individual differences in perceptual and

verbal abilities of subjects
2)stimuli characteristics
3)approaches of data collection
4)methods of data analysis.
 A facial recognition
system is a computer
application capable of
identifying or verifying
a person from a digital
image or a video frame
from a video source.

 One of the ways to do

this is by comparing
selected facial features
from the image and a
facial database.
 Some facial recognition  A newly emerging trend,
algorithms identify facial claimed to achieve
features by extracting improved accuracies, is
landmarks, or features, three-dimensional face
from an image of the recognition.
subject's face.
 This technique uses 3D
 For example, sensors to capture
an algorithm may information about the
analyze the relative shape of a face.
position, size, and/or
shape of the eyes, nose,  This information is then
cheekbones, and jaw. used to identify distinctive
features on the surface of a
face, such as the contour of
the eye sockets, nose, and
chin.
 digiKam (KDE)  Picasa (Google)
 iPhoto (Apple)  Picture Motion
 Lightroom (Adobe) Browser (Sony)
 OpenCV (Open  Windows Live Photo
Source) Gallery (Microsoft)
 OpenFace (Open  DeepFace (Facebook)
Source)  visage SDK (Visage
 Photos (Apple) Technologies)
 Photoshop Elements  Ayonix face SDK
(Adobe Systems) (Ayonix 3D face
technology)
 TrueKey (Intel)
 The cognitive performance of a group of patients with multiple
system atrophy (MSA) of striato-nigral predominance was
compared with that of age.

 IQ matched control subjects, using three tests sensitive to frontal

lobe dysfunction and a battery sensitive to memory and learning
deficits
 The MSA group showed no consistent evidence of intellectual
deterioration as assessed from their performance on subtests of the
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the National Adult
Reading Test (NART).

 Consideration of individual cases showed that there was some

heterogeneity in the pattern of deficits in the MSA group, with one
patient showing no impairment, even in the face of considerable
physical disability.
 Handwriting recognition is the ability of a computer to receive
and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources such
as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other
devices.

 The image of the written text may be sensed "off line" from a
piece of paper by optical scanning or intelligent word
recognition.

 Alternatively, the movements of the pen tip may be sensed "on

line", for example by a pen-based computer screen surface, a
generally easier task as there are more clues available.
 Handwritten biometrics  Dynamic: In this mode,
can be split into two users writes in a digitizing
main categories: tablet, which acquires the
text in real time.
 Another possibility is the
 Static: In this mode, acquisition by means of
users writes on paper, stylus-operated PDAs.
digitize it through an
optical scanner or a Dynamic information usually
camera, and the consists of the following
biometric system information:
recognizes the text  spatial coordinate x(t)
analyzing its shape.  spatial coordinate y(t)

 pressure p(t)

 azimuth az(t)

 inclination in(t)
 Handwriting recognition
principally entails optical
character recognition.

 However, a complete
handwriting recognition
system also handles
formatting, performs
correct segmentation into
characters and finds the
most plausible words.
 Universality:
Each person should possess the biometric trait.

 Distinctiveness:
Each person should be sufficiently unique in terms of
their biometric traits.
 Permanence:
Biometric trait should be invariant over time. A
good biometric system should measure something
that changes slowly over time.

 Collectability:
Biometric trait should be measured quantitatively.
How easily the biometric can be measured can be
significantly important in some applications
 Biometric system are a relatively modern technology

 Accuracy:
The goal of biometrics is to provide fast, accurate
readings---preventing unauthorized access.
Biometrics allows for a greater security level than
would have otherwise been possible.
 Fast

Since biometrics performs scans, there is no need for security

codes or keys---this can create a faster and simpler system to gain
access to areas or information.

 Management

Biometrics currently serves a key role in management. Since systems

are electronic, they store data; therefore, it is very common for
employers to use biometric systems as time clocks, an automated
way of tracking employees accurately.
 Biometrics systems work by recording and comparing
biometric characteristics.

 In many cases, characteristics are recorded as images, but for

speaker recognition a waveform is recorded, and for
signature recognition, time series data.

 For efficiency reasons, rather than using recorded

characteristics directly, it is usual to extract identifying
features from the samples and encode these features in a
form that facilitates storage and comparison.
 Aadhaar  Handwritten biometric
 Access control recognition
 AFIS  Identity Cards Act 2006
 AssureSign  International Identity
 BioAPI Federation
 Biometric passport  Iris recognition
 Biometrics in schools  Keystroke dynamics
 BioSlimDisk  Private biometrics
 Facial recognition system  Retinal scan
 Fingerprint recognition  Signature recognition
 Fuzzy extractor  Smart city
 Gait analysis  Speaker recognition
 Government database  Surveillance
 Hand geometry  Vein matching
 Voice analysis
 A biometric passport: also known as an e-passport, ePassport or
a digital passport, is a combined paper and electronic passport
that contains biometric information that can be used to
authenticate the identity of travellers.

 Biometrics in schools have been used primarily in the UK and US

since the early first decade of the 21st century, with some use of
biometric technology in schools in Asia too.

 Biometric technology is used to address truancy, to replace

library cards, or to charge for meals.
 A government database collects information for various reasons,
including climate monitoring, securities law compliance,
geological surveys, patent applications and grants, surveillance,
national security, border control, law enforcement, public health,
voter registration, vehicle registration, social security, and
statistics.

 Hand geometry is a biometric that identifies users by the shape

of their hands. Hand geometry readers measure a user's hand
along many dimensions and compare those measurements to
measurements stored in a file.
 Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric
identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition
techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an
individual's eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and
can be seen from some distance.
 Vein matching, also called vascular technology, is a technique of
biometric identification through the analysis of the patterns of
blood vessels visible from the surface of the skin.

 Voice analysis is the study of speech sounds for purposes other

than linguistic content, such as in speech recognition.

 Such studies include mostly medical analysis of the voice

(phoniatrics), but also speaker identification.

 More controversially, some believe that the truthfulness or

emotional state of speakers can be determined using Voice Stress
Analysis or Layered Voice Analysis.
 Biometrics refers to metrics related to human
characteristics.
 Biometric is different from each and every
person.
 This is most secure from other security
system. Because others can’t hack this
system.
 So the biometric system is most secured
system in IT field and others.
 http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-
11/ftp/biomet.pdf
 https://www.cse.unr.edu/~bebis/CS790Q/Lect/Chapters_
3_4.ppt
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231408
/
 http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/3/189.full
 http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/115/1/271.short
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwriting_recognition
 https://www.newera.com.na/2014/04/23/characteristics-
biometric-systems/
 http://www.ehow.com/facts_6087565_functions-
biometric-devices_.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics