Topic 2 Contextual Reference: Faisal Adnil Pamungkas 201311011 / 1A-TEL B. Inggris

Faisal Adnil Pamungkas
201311011 / 1A-TEL
B. Inggris
TOPIC 2
CONTEXTUAL REFERENCE
Practice
Using the sample paragraph as a model, read the reading passages below, and find the
reference for the words in bold italics
Text 1
Wireless Networking
Wireless (WiFi) networks are just fixed LAN’s but instead of using cables, devices are linked
by radio waves.
Each computer in a wireless networks requires a wireless network interface card (NIC). These
can be built in or you can use plug-in adaptors. These allow each component in the network
to communicate with a wireless access point (AP) to create a wireless local area network
(WLAN). The AP operates like a router in a fixed LAN, it also provides a bridge which plugs
into the hub of a fixed LAN allowing both fixed and wireless users to talk to each other. If
your LAN is connected to the internet, the WLAN can also use it. If not, you can connect the
WLAN to the internet via an ADSL or cable modem.
What are the advantages of a wireless network? You don’t need cabling. In older buildings,
it can be expensive to install cables and access point. With WiFi, one access point can cover
an entire floor or even a building. You can work anywhere within range of the access point.
On a sunny day, you could work outside. You can make any room in the house your study.
1. These can be built or you can use : network interface card

2. These allow each component : network interface card
3. it also provides a bridge : access point (AP)
4. the WLAN can also use it : LAN
5. it can be expensive to install : wireless network
Text 2
Modern accounting firms use spreadsheet software to do complicated calculations. They can
provide their clients with an up-to-date report whenever it is needed. This software has many
functions and can be integrated with other software. The spreadsheet’s basic component is a
cell. This may contain a formula which performs a mathematical operation. It could also
contain a label or data. The former describes the information on the worksheet. The latter is
the information itself.
The worksheet is the basic work area of a spreadsheet program. It is made up of cell arranged
in rows and columns. The number of these varies depending on the software you are using.
You can change the width and format of cells. Such parameters are usually quite easy to change
with just a few keystrokes.
1. They can provide : Modern accounting firms

2. their clients : Modern accounting firms
3. whenever it is needed : spreadsheet software
4. This software : spreadsheet
5. This may contain : The spreadsheet’s basic component
6. a formula which performs : formula
7. It could also contain : cell
8. The former describes : label
9. The latter is : data
10. It is made up : The worksheet
11. The number of these : cell arranged in rows and columns
12. Such parameters : width and format of cel
Text 3
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason, computers can be
defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and
characters called data, perform mathematical and logical operations on the information, and
then supply results of these operations. The program which tells the computers what to do and
the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the
computer in a place called memory
1. For this reason (line 1) the processing of information

2. as devices which accept information (line 2 ) The basic job of computers
3. and then supply results of these operation (line 4) accept information in the form of
instructions called a program and characters called data
4. which tells the computer what to do (line 4 ) The program
5. The program which provide the information (line 5) the data.
Text 4
Computers are electronic machines that process information. They are capable of
communicating with the user, of doing different kinds of arithmetic operations and of making
three kinds of decisions. However, they are incapable of thinking. They accept data and
instructions as input, and after processing it they output results.
When talking about computers, both hardware and software need to be considered.
The former refers to the actual machinery, whereas the latter refers to the programs which
control and coordinate the activities of the hardware while processing the data.
The first computer was built in 1930 but since then computer technology has evolved
a great deal. There are three different kinds of computers in use today: the mainframe, the
minicomputer and the microcomputer. These all have one thing in common: they operate
quickly and accurately in solving problems.
1. machine that process (line1) Computers

2. They are capable of (line 1) process information
3. They accept data (line 3) Computers
4. After processing it (line 4) input
5. they output results (line 4) processing input
6. The former refers to (line 6) hardware
7. The programs which control (line 6) software
8. These all have one thing (line 10) the mainframe the minicomputer and the
microcomputer.
9. they operate quickly (line 10) the mainframe the minicomputer and the
microcomputer.
10.

Topic 2 Contextual Reference: Faisal Adnil Pamungkas 201311011 / 1A-TEL B. Inggris

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1. These can be built or you can use : network interface card

1. They can provide : Modern accounting firms

1. For this reason (line 1) the processing of information

1. machine that process (line1) Computers

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